CN106532200B - Reflection type liquid crystal phase-shifting unit based on graphene electrode - Google Patents

Reflection type liquid crystal phase-shifting unit based on graphene electrode Download PDF

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CN106532200B
CN106532200B CN201611164009.1A CN201611164009A CN106532200B CN 106532200 B CN106532200 B CN 106532200B CN 201611164009 A CN201611164009 A CN 201611164009A CN 106532200 B CN106532200 B CN 106532200B
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liquid crystal
dielectric substrate
metal
graphene electrode
graphene
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CN106532200A (en
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邓光晟
蔡成刚
杨军
尹治平
陆红波
夏天雨
荆帅诚
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Hefei University of Technology
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Hefei University of Technology
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/18—Phase-shifters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/18—Phase-shifters
    • H01P1/184—Strip line phase-shifters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
    • H01Q3/36—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means with variable phase-shifters

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Abstract

The invention discloses a reflection type liquid crystal phase shifting unit based on a graphene electrode, which comprises an upper dielectric substrate and a lower dielectric substrate, wherein a liquid crystal layer is injected into a gap between the upper dielectric substrate and the lower dielectric substrate, and the lower surface of the upper dielectric substrate is provided with a plurality of metal patches which are sequentially connected in series through connecting lines to form a metal microstrip structure; the upper surface of the lower dielectric substrate is fully covered with a graphene layer to form a graphene electrode, and the lower surface of the lower dielectric substrate is fully covered with a metal layer to form a metal grounding electrode. The invention adopts an electric control mode to obtain continuous phase shift characteristic in a wide frequency band, and has the characteristics of miniaturization, easy processing and the like.

Description

Reflection type liquid crystal phase-shifting unit based on graphene electrode
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of terahertz radar imaging, and particularly relates to a reflection type liquid crystal phase-shifting unit based on a graphene electrode.
Background
The planar reflector antenna has many advantages over conventional microstrip array antennas and parabolic reflector antennas. The planar reflection array antenna has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, low loss and high radiation efficiency. The principle of the reflectarray antenna is to use the phase shift function of the reflection unit to achieve the focusing of the beam. The key of the research of the reflective array antenna is to design the structure and the size of the reflecting unit so as to obtain excellent phase shifting performance. The conventional microstrip reflection unit can obtain a compensation phase by changing the size of the unit patch or loading a phase delay line. After the structure of the antenna is determined, the phase of the reflecting unit cannot be changed, and the wave beam scanning of the phased array antenna cannot be realized. If the phase shift variation of the units is controlled by electric control and the like, a phase shifter needs to be added to each unit. The most commonly used phased array reflective array antennas at present are PIN diodes, varactor diodes, and mems phase shifters. However, these phase shifters are limited by the parasitic effect of the high frequency band and the difficulty in processing, and can only work below the W band, and it is difficult to work in a higher frequency band.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a graphene electrode-based reflective liquid crystal phase-shifting unit capable of working in a terahertz waveband.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme for solving the technical problems:
a reflection type liquid crystal phase shift unit based on a graphene electrode comprises an upper dielectric substrate and a lower dielectric substrate, wherein a liquid crystal layer is injected into a gap between the upper dielectric substrate and the lower dielectric substrate, and the reflection type liquid crystal phase shift unit is characterized in that: the lower surface of the upper-layer dielectric substrate is provided with a plurality of metal patches which are sequentially connected in series through connecting lines to form a metal micro-strip structure; the upper surface of the lower dielectric substrate is fully covered with a graphene layer to form a graphene electrode, and the lower surface of the lower dielectric substrate is fully covered with a metal layer to form a metal grounding electrode.
The reflection type liquid crystal phase shift unit based on the graphene electrode is characterized in that: the liquid crystal layer adopts nematic liquid crystal materials.
The reflection type liquid crystal phase shift unit based on the graphene electrode is characterized in that: the metal patches are three dipole patches.
The reflection type liquid crystal phase shift unit based on the graphene electrode is characterized in that: applying voltage on the metal patch and the graphene electrode through a connecting wire to form a bias electric field in the liquid crystal layer, wherein the bias electric field enables the arrangement direction of liquid crystal molecules to deflect, so that the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal is changed, and the phase of a reflected wave is changed; meanwhile, the chemical potential energy of the graphene can be changed by changing the bias voltage of the graphene electrode, so that the working frequency of the phase-shifting unit is changed.
The invention adopts the structure of three dipole metal patches, so that the liquid crystal phase-shifting unit can obtain the required phase-shifting performance, and meanwhile, the dipole patches have the characteristic of simple structure and are easy to process. A graphene layer is covered on the upper surface of the lower substrate to serve as an electrode, so that the working bandwidth of the unit is effectively expanded.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the phase shift unit of the invention utilizes the characteristic that the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal material can be electrically adjusted to realize the continuous phase shift characteristic of the unit by an electric control method; meanwhile, by changing the bias voltage of the graphene electrode, the chemical potential energy of the graphene can be changed, so that the working bandwidth of the phase-shifting unit is greatly increased; the invention has the characteristics of miniaturization, low processing difficulty, low cost and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a front view of the structure of a liquid crystal phase shift unit according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a metal patch structure on the lower surface of the upper dielectric substrate according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a phase shift curve of the liquid crystal phase shift unit when the chemical potential of graphene is 0.1 eV.
In FIG. 5, the phase shift curve of the liquid crystal phase shift unit is shown when the chemical potential energy of the graphene is 0.5 eV.
Reference numbers in the figures: 1 upper dielectric substrate, 2 lower floor's dielectric substrates, 3 liquid crystal layer, 4 graphite alkene layer, 5 metal paster, 6 connecting wires, 7 metal levels.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1-3, a graphene electrode-based reflective liquid crystal phase shift unit includes an upper dielectric substrate 1 and a lower dielectric substrate 2, a liquid crystal layer 3 is injected into a gap between the upper dielectric substrate 1 and the lower dielectric substrate 2, and a plurality of metal patches 5 sequentially connected in series through a connecting line 6 are disposed on a lower surface of the upper dielectric substrate 1 to form a metal microstrip structure; the upper surface of the lower dielectric substrate 2 is fully covered with a graphene layer 4 to form a graphene electrode, and the lower surface of the lower dielectric substrate 2 is fully covered with a metal layer 7 to form a metal grounding electrode.
The liquid crystal layer 3 uses a nematic liquid crystal material. The metal patches 5 are three dipole patches.
Applying voltage on the metal patch 5 and the graphene electrode through a connecting wire 6 to form a bias electric field in the liquid crystal layer 3, wherein the bias electric field enables the arrangement direction of liquid crystal molecules to deflect, so that the dielectric constant of liquid crystal is changed, and the phase of a reflected wave is changed; meanwhile, the chemical potential energy of the graphene can be changed by changing the bias voltage of the graphene electrode, so that the working frequency of the phase-shifting unit is changed.
In the specific implementation process, the corresponding structural arrangement comprises:
the upper dielectric substrate 1 has a side length of L and a thickness of Hq1The lower dielectric substrate 2 has a side length of L and a thickness of Hq2The cube structure of (1).
Three dipole patches on the upper dielectric substrate 1 are symmetrically arranged about an x axis and have lengths Ly1、Ly2、Ly3Each width is Lx1、Lx2、Lx3Wherein L isx1＝Lx2＝Lx3(ii) a The distances from the three dipole patches to the edges of the unit are respectively D1、D2、D3And a connecting line with the width w and the length L is cross-etched with the three dipole patches in a cross shape. The thickness of the metal microstrip structure is t.
The upper surface of the lower dielectric substrate 2 is fully covered with a single graphene layer 4 as a graphene electrode, and the lower surface of the lower dielectric substrate 2 is fully covered with a metal layer 7 with the thickness of t as a grounding electrode.
Voltage is applied to the metal patch 5 and the graphene electrode through the connecting wire 6, a bias electric field is formed in the liquid crystal layer, and the bias electric field enables the arrangement direction of liquid crystal molecules to deflect, so that the dielectric constant of liquid crystal is changed, the phase of reflected waves is changed, and the phase shifting function is achieved. By changing the bias voltage of the graphene electrode, the chemical potential energy of the graphene can be changed, so that the working frequency of the phase-shifting unit is changed.
In one embodiment the liquid crystal layer has a thickness HlcAfter filling the liquid crystal material into the gap between the dielectric substrates, sealing with epoxy resin, and aligning the upper and lower surfaces of the liquid crystal layer with polyimide films.
In a specific application, the following are set:
unit size L405 μm, patch size: l isx1＝Lx2＝Lx3＝36μm，Ly1＝187μm，Ly2＝200μm，Ly3＝215μm，D1＝49μm，D2＝D 3100 μm. The thickness of the liquid crystal layer is 45 micrometers, the thickness of the upper dielectric substrate is 200 micrometers, the thickness of the lower dielectric substrate is 20 micrometers, the thicknesses of the metal microstrip structure and the metal grounding electrode are both 2 micrometers, and the width of the connecting line is 5 micrometers. GT3-23001 is selected as liquid crystal material in the liquid crystal layer, and the metal grounding electrode, the metal patch and the connecting wire are all made of copper. The dielectric substrate is made of quartz material, the dielectric constant is 3.78, and the loss tangent is 0.002.
The phase shift curves of the liquid crystal phase shift unit obtained by software simulation are shown in fig. 4 and 5, and the reflection phase of the phase shift unit changes along with the change of the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal. It can be seen that the liquid crystal phase shift unit of the present invention has excellent phase shift performance. Meanwhile, the working frequency band of the phase-shifting unit is greatly widened by changing the chemical potential energy of the graphene electrode.

Claims (3)

1. A reflection type liquid crystal phase shift unit based on a graphene electrode comprises an upper dielectric substrate and a lower dielectric substrate, wherein a liquid crystal layer is injected into a gap between the upper dielectric substrate and the lower dielectric substrate, and the reflection type liquid crystal phase shift unit is characterized in that: the lower surface of the upper-layer dielectric substrate is provided with a plurality of metal patches which are sequentially connected in series through connecting lines to form a metal micro-strip structure; the upper surface of the lower dielectric substrate is fully covered with a graphene layer to form a graphene electrode, and the lower surface of the lower dielectric substrate is fully covered with a metal layer to form a metal grounding electrode;
the metal patches are three dipole patches;
the three dipole patches on the lower surface of the upper dielectric substrate are symmetrically arranged around an x axis, and the lengths of the three dipole patches are Ly1、Ly2、Ly3Each width is Lx1、Lx2、Lx3Wherein L isx1＝Lx2＝Lx3(ii) a The distances from the three dipole patches to the edges of the unit are respectively D1、D2、D3And a connecting line with the width w and the length L is crossed and etched with the three dipole patches in a cross shape.
2. The graphene electrode-based reflective liquid crystal phase shift unit according to claim 1, wherein: the liquid crystal layer adopts nematic liquid crystal materials.
3. The graphene electrode-based reflective liquid crystal phase shift unit according to claim 1, wherein: and applying voltage on the metal patch and the graphene electrode through a connecting wire to form a bias electric field in the liquid crystal layer.
CN201611164009.1A 2016-12-16 2016-12-16 Reflection type liquid crystal phase-shifting unit based on graphene electrode Active CN106532200B (en)

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CN108598631B (en) * 2018-04-19 2020-10-23 合肥工业大学 Reflective double-layer liquid crystal phase-shifting unit based on patterned graphene electrode
CN108563050B (en) 2018-05-31 2020-10-30 成都天马微电子有限公司 Liquid crystal phase shifter and antenna
CN108828811B (en) 2018-07-02 2021-01-26 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 Microwave amplitude and phase controller and control method of microwave amplitude and/or phase
CN108615962B (en) * 2018-07-18 2020-06-30 成都天马微电子有限公司 Liquid crystal phase shifter and antenna
CN108808181B (en) * 2018-07-20 2020-05-29 成都天马微电子有限公司 Liquid crystal phase shifter and antenna
CN109066021B (en) * 2018-07-27 2020-10-23 合肥工业大学 Reflective liquid crystal phase-shifting unit
CN110824734A (en) 2018-08-10 2020-02-21 北京京东方传感技术有限公司 Liquid crystal phase shifter and liquid crystal antenna
CN109193162B (en) * 2018-09-20 2020-11-20 合肥工业大学 Terahertz reflection type phase-shifting unit and rapid regulation and control method of liquid crystal inside terahertz reflection type phase-shifting unit
CN109449580B (en) * 2018-10-26 2023-12-05 集美大学 Coplanar feed liquid crystal package
CN109494462B (en) * 2018-11-09 2020-06-09 哈尔滨工业大学 Terahertz two-dimensional electronic control beam scanning array antenna based on liquid crystal
EP3664215B1 (en) * 2018-12-07 2022-09-21 ALCAN Systems GmbH Radio frequency phase shifting device
CN110197939B (en) * 2019-06-03 2024-04-19 北京华镁钛科技有限公司 Metamaterial adjustable capacitor structure
CN110707397B (en) * 2019-10-17 2023-02-17 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 Liquid crystal phase shifter and antenna
CN110957585B (en) * 2019-12-24 2021-04-13 清华大学 Planar reflective array antenna based on liquid crystal material
CN113745788A (en) * 2021-09-06 2021-12-03 合肥工业大学 Dynamic inductance microstrip delay line and preparation method thereof
CN114122647A (en) * 2021-11-24 2022-03-01 合肥工业大学 Liquid crystal phase-shifting unit, reflective full-electrically-controlled phase shifter and antenna

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CN106025452A (en) * 2016-06-08 2016-10-12 合肥工业大学 Phase shift unit and terahertz reflection-type liquid crystal phase shifter formed by phase shift unit
CN106154603B (en) * 2016-07-29 2019-12-06 合肥工业大学 Liquid crystal phase-shifting unit and phase-controlled antenna formed by same

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