CN106532200B - Reflection type liquid crystal phase-shifting unit based on graphene electrode - Google Patents
Reflection type liquid crystal phase-shifting unit based on graphene electrode Download PDFInfo
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- CN106532200B CN106532200B CN201611164009.1A CN201611164009A CN106532200B CN 106532200 B CN106532200 B CN 106532200B CN 201611164009 A CN201611164009 A CN 201611164009A CN 106532200 B CN106532200 B CN 106532200B
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- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004988 Nematic liquid crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 abstract description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005381 potential energy Methods 0.000 description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 graphite alkene Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
- H01P1/18—Phase-shifters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
- H01P1/18—Phase-shifters
- H01P1/184—Strip line phase-shifters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
- H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
- H01Q3/36—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means with variable phase-shifters
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- Liquid Crystal (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于石墨烯电极的反射式液晶移相单元，包括有上、下两层介质基板，上、下两层介质基板的间隙中注入有液晶层，上层介质基板下表面设有若干通过连接线依次串联的金属贴片，形成一层金属微带结构；所述下层介质基板上表面全覆盖一层石墨烯层，形成石墨烯电极，下层介质基板下表面全覆盖一层金属层，形成金属接地电极。本发明采用电控的方式在宽频带内取得连续的相移特性，其有小型化，易于加工等特点。
The invention discloses a reflective liquid crystal phase-shifting unit based on graphene electrodes, comprising upper and lower dielectric substrates, a liquid crystal layer is injected into the gap between the upper and lower dielectric substrates, and a lower surface of the upper dielectric substrate is provided with a liquid crystal layer. A number of metal patches connected in series by connecting lines form a layer of metal microstrip structure; the upper surface of the lower dielectric substrate is fully covered with a graphene layer to form a graphene electrode, and the lower surface of the lower dielectric substrate is fully covered with a metal layer , forming a metal ground electrode. The invention adopts an electronic control method to obtain continuous phase shift characteristics in a wide frequency band, and has the characteristics of miniaturization and easy processing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of terahertz radar imaging, and particularly relates to a reflection type liquid crystal phase-shifting unit based on a graphene electrode.
Background
The planar reflector antenna has many advantages over conventional microstrip array antennas and parabolic reflector antennas. The planar reflection array antenna has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, low loss and high radiation efficiency. The principle of the reflectarray antenna is to use the phase shift function of the reflection unit to achieve the focusing of the beam. The key of the research of the reflective array antenna is to design the structure and the size of the reflecting unit so as to obtain excellent phase shifting performance. The conventional microstrip reflection unit can obtain a compensation phase by changing the size of the unit patch or loading a phase delay line. After the structure of the antenna is determined, the phase of the reflecting unit cannot be changed, and the wave beam scanning of the phased array antenna cannot be realized. If the phase shift variation of the units is controlled by electric control and the like, a phase shifter needs to be added to each unit. The most commonly used phased array reflective array antennas at present are PIN diodes, varactor diodes, and mems phase shifters. However, these phase shifters are limited by the parasitic effect of the high frequency band and the difficulty in processing, and can only work below the W band, and it is difficult to work in a higher frequency band.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a graphene electrode-based reflective liquid crystal phase-shifting unit capable of working in a terahertz waveband.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme for solving the technical problems:
a reflection type liquid crystal phase shift unit based on a graphene electrode comprises an upper dielectric substrate and a lower dielectric substrate, wherein a liquid crystal layer is injected into a gap between the upper dielectric substrate and the lower dielectric substrate, and the reflection type liquid crystal phase shift unit is characterized in that: the lower surface of the upper-layer dielectric substrate is provided with a plurality of metal patches which are sequentially connected in series through connecting lines to form a metal micro-strip structure; the upper surface of the lower dielectric substrate is fully covered with a graphene layer to form a graphene electrode, and the lower surface of the lower dielectric substrate is fully covered with a metal layer to form a metal grounding electrode.
The reflection type liquid crystal phase shift unit based on the graphene electrode is characterized in that: the liquid crystal layer adopts nematic liquid crystal materials.
The reflection type liquid crystal phase shift unit based on the graphene electrode is characterized in that: the metal patches are three dipole patches.
The reflection type liquid crystal phase shift unit based on the graphene electrode is characterized in that: applying voltage on the metal patch and the graphene electrode through a connecting wire to form a bias electric field in the liquid crystal layer, wherein the bias electric field enables the arrangement direction of liquid crystal molecules to deflect, so that the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal is changed, and the phase of a reflected wave is changed; meanwhile, the chemical potential energy of the graphene can be changed by changing the bias voltage of the graphene electrode, so that the working frequency of the phase-shifting unit is changed.
The invention adopts the structure of three dipole metal patches, so that the liquid crystal phase-shifting unit can obtain the required phase-shifting performance, and meanwhile, the dipole patches have the characteristic of simple structure and are easy to process. A graphene layer is covered on the upper surface of the lower substrate to serve as an electrode, so that the working bandwidth of the unit is effectively expanded.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the phase shift unit of the invention utilizes the characteristic that the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal material can be electrically adjusted to realize the continuous phase shift characteristic of the unit by an electric control method; meanwhile, by changing the bias voltage of the graphene electrode, the chemical potential energy of the graphene can be changed, so that the working bandwidth of the phase-shifting unit is greatly increased; the invention has the characteristics of miniaturization, low processing difficulty, low cost and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a front view of the structure of a liquid crystal phase shift unit according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a metal patch structure on the lower surface of the upper dielectric substrate according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a phase shift curve of the liquid crystal phase shift unit when the chemical potential of graphene is 0.1 eV.
In FIG. 5, the phase shift curve of the liquid crystal phase shift unit is shown when the chemical potential energy of the graphene is 0.5 eV.
Reference numbers in the figures: 1 upper dielectric substrate, 2 lower floor's dielectric substrates, 3 liquid crystal layer, 4 graphite alkene layer, 5 metal paster, 6 connecting wires, 7 metal levels.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1-3, a graphene electrode-based reflective liquid crystal phase shift unit includes an upper dielectric substrate 1 and a lower dielectric substrate 2, a liquid crystal layer 3 is injected into a gap between the upper dielectric substrate 1 and the lower dielectric substrate 2, and a plurality of metal patches 5 sequentially connected in series through a connecting line 6 are disposed on a lower surface of the upper dielectric substrate 1 to form a metal microstrip structure; the upper surface of the lower dielectric substrate 2 is fully covered with a graphene layer 4 to form a graphene electrode, and the lower surface of the lower dielectric substrate 2 is fully covered with a metal layer 7 to form a metal grounding electrode.
The liquid crystal layer 3 uses a nematic liquid crystal material. The metal patches 5 are three dipole patches.
Applying voltage on the metal patch 5 and the graphene electrode through a connecting wire 6 to form a bias electric field in the liquid crystal layer 3, wherein the bias electric field enables the arrangement direction of liquid crystal molecules to deflect, so that the dielectric constant of liquid crystal is changed, and the phase of a reflected wave is changed; meanwhile, the chemical potential energy of the graphene can be changed by changing the bias voltage of the graphene electrode, so that the working frequency of the phase-shifting unit is changed.
In the specific implementation process, the corresponding structural arrangement comprises:
the upper dielectric substrate 1 has a side length of L and a thickness of Hq1The lower dielectric substrate 2 has a side length of L and a thickness of Hq2The cube structure of (1).
Three dipole patches on the upper dielectric substrate 1 are symmetrically arranged about an x axis and have lengths Ly1、Ly2、Ly3Each width is Lx1、Lx2、Lx3Wherein L isx1＝Lx2＝Lx3(ii) a The distances from the three dipole patches to the edges of the unit are respectively D1、D2、D3And a connecting line with the width w and the length L is cross-etched with the three dipole patches in a cross shape. The thickness of the metal microstrip structure is t.
The upper surface of the lower dielectric substrate 2 is fully covered with a single graphene layer 4 as a graphene electrode, and the lower surface of the lower dielectric substrate 2 is fully covered with a metal layer 7 with the thickness of t as a grounding electrode.
Voltage is applied to the metal patch 5 and the graphene electrode through the connecting wire 6, a bias electric field is formed in the liquid crystal layer, and the bias electric field enables the arrangement direction of liquid crystal molecules to deflect, so that the dielectric constant of liquid crystal is changed, the phase of reflected waves is changed, and the phase shifting function is achieved. By changing the bias voltage of the graphene electrode, the chemical potential energy of the graphene can be changed, so that the working frequency of the phase-shifting unit is changed.
In one embodiment the liquid crystal layer has a thickness HlcAfter filling the liquid crystal material into the gap between the dielectric substrates, sealing with epoxy resin, and aligning the upper and lower surfaces of the liquid crystal layer with polyimide films.
In a specific application, the following are set:
unit size L405 μm, patch size: l isx1＝Lx2＝Lx3＝36μm，Ly1＝187μm，Ly2＝200μm，Ly3＝215μm，D1＝49μm，D2＝D 3100 μm. The thickness of the liquid crystal layer is 45 micrometers, the thickness of the upper dielectric substrate is 200 micrometers, the thickness of the lower dielectric substrate is 20 micrometers, the thicknesses of the metal microstrip structure and the metal grounding electrode are both 2 micrometers, and the width of the connecting line is 5 micrometers. GT3-23001 is selected as liquid crystal material in the liquid crystal layer, and the metal grounding electrode, the metal patch and the connecting wire are all made of copper. The dielectric substrate is made of quartz material, the dielectric constant is 3.78, and the loss tangent is 0.002.
The phase shift curves of the liquid crystal phase shift unit obtained by software simulation are shown in fig. 4 and 5, and the reflection phase of the phase shift unit changes along with the change of the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal. It can be seen that the liquid crystal phase shift unit of the present invention has excellent phase shift performance. Meanwhile, the working frequency band of the phase-shifting unit is greatly widened by changing the chemical potential energy of the graphene electrode.
Claims (3)
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201611164009.1A CN106532200B (en) | 2016-12-16 | 2016-12-16 | Reflection type liquid crystal phase-shifting unit based on graphene electrode |
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| CN201611164009.1A CN106532200B (en) | 2016-12-16 | 2016-12-16 | Reflection type liquid crystal phase-shifting unit based on graphene electrode |
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| CN106532200A CN106532200A (en) | 2017-03-22 |
| CN106532200B true CN106532200B (en) | 2021-11-23 |
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Families Citing this family (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110011038B (en) | 2018-01-05 | 2020-05-05 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | Phased array antenna, display panel and display device |
| CN108598631B (en) * | 2018-04-19 | 2020-10-23 | 合肥工业大学 | Reflective double-layer liquid crystal phase-shifting unit based on patterned graphene electrode |
| CN108563050B (en) | 2018-05-31 | 2020-10-30 | 成都天马微电子有限公司 | Liquid crystal phase shifter and antenna |
| CN108828811B (en) | 2018-07-02 | 2021-01-26 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | Microwave amplitude and phase controller and control method of microwave amplitude and/or phase |
| CN108615962B (en) | 2018-07-18 | 2020-06-30 | 成都天马微电子有限公司 | Liquid crystal phase shifter and antenna |
| CN108808181B (en) | 2018-07-20 | 2020-05-29 | 成都天马微电子有限公司 | Liquid crystal phase shifter and antenna |
| CN109066021B (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2020-10-23 | 合肥工业大学 | A reflective liquid crystal phase shift unit |
| CN110824734B (en) | 2018-08-10 | 2025-03-11 | 北京京东方传感技术有限公司 | Liquid crystal phase shifter and liquid crystal antenna |
| CN109193162B (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2020-11-20 | 合肥工业大学 | A terahertz reflective phase-shifting unit and a rapid control method for its internal liquid crystal |
| CN109449580B (en) * | 2018-10-26 | 2023-12-05 | 集美大学 | A coplanar feed liquid crystal package |
| CN109494462B (en) * | 2018-11-09 | 2020-06-09 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Liquid crystal-based terahertz two-dimensional electronically steered beam scanning array antenna |
| EP3664215B1 (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2022-09-21 | ALCAN Systems GmbH | Radio frequency phase shifting device |
| CN110197939B (en) * | 2019-06-03 | 2024-04-19 | 北京华镁钛科技有限公司 | Metamaterial adjustable capacitor structure |
| CN110707397B (en) * | 2019-10-17 | 2023-02-17 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | Liquid crystal phase shifter and antenna |
| CN110957585B (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2021-04-13 | 清华大学 | A Planar Reflective Array Antenna Based on Liquid Crystal Materials |
| CN113745788A (en) * | 2021-09-06 | 2021-12-03 | 合肥工业大学 | Dynamic inductance microstrip delay line and preparation method thereof |
| CN114122647A (en) * | 2021-11-24 | 2022-03-01 | 合肥工业大学 | A liquid crystal phase shift unit, a reflective all-electrically controlled phase shifter and an antenna |
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| US9716220B2 (en) * | 2013-08-21 | 2017-07-25 | National University Of Singapore | Graphene-based terahertz devices |
| CN106025452A (en) * | 2016-06-08 | 2016-10-12 | 合肥工业大学 | Phase shift unit and terahertz reflection-type liquid crystal phase shifter formed by phase shift unit |
| CN106154603B (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2019-12-06 | 合肥工业大学 | Liquid crystal phase-shifting unit and phase-controlled antenna formed by same |
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