CN111092294A - Liquid antenna based on OAM single mode and mixed mode - Google Patents
Liquid antenna based on OAM single mode and mixed mode Download PDFInfo
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- CN111092294A CN111092294A CN201911238946.0A CN201911238946A CN111092294A CN 111092294 A CN111092294 A CN 111092294A CN 201911238946 A CN201911238946 A CN 201911238946A CN 111092294 A CN111092294 A CN 111092294A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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Abstract
The invention provides a liquid antenna based on OAM single mode and mixed mode, which comprises a first transparent medium substrate, a second transparent medium substrate, a first liquid medium, a second liquid medium, a metal floor, a first short-circuit metal sheet, a second short-circuit metal sheet, a first radiation metal sheet, a second radiation metal sheet, four same short-circuit pins and a feed network. The medium substrate is internally provided with a first annular groove and a second annular groove, the first liquid medium and the second liquid medium are respectively positioned in the first annular groove and the second annular groove, and the first radiation metal sheet and the second radiation metal sheet are respectively printed at the bottoms of the first annular groove and the second annular groove. According to the invention, by controlling the working states of the PIN1 pipe and the PIN2 pipe, single-mode and mixed-mode vortex electromagnetic waves can be generated, the state switching between the single-mode and mixed-mode vortex electromagnetic waves is convenient, and the purity of the obtained single-mode vortex electromagnetic waves is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, and particularly relates to a liquid antenna based on OAM (orbital Angular momentum) single mode and mixed mode in the field of dielectric resonator antennas.
Background
The vortex electromagnetic waves are gradually applied to wireless communication, infinite channel transmission in a certain fixed frequency band range can be realized by encoding OAM, and the orbital angular momentum vortex electromagnetic waves can effectively improve the communication capacity and the frequency spectrum utilization rate due to the multi-modal orbital angular momentum carried by the orbital angular momentum vortex electromagnetic waves, so that the vortex electromagnetic waves have extremely high scientific research value. Currently, solid-state antennas are commonly used for antennas that generate OAM vortex electromagnetic waves in wireless communication systems. The liquid antenna is an antenna using liquid as a radiation unit, which is formed by replacing a solid material used by a solid antenna radiation unit with liquid. Liquid antennas can be classified into liquid conductor antennas having a conductor characteristic and liquid dielectric resonator antennas having a dielectric characteristic according to the properties of the liquid, and the liquid generally uses an ionic liquid such as water. The pure water has dielectric property and can be made into a liquid dielectric resonator antenna. The seawater has strong conductivity, the conductive property is between metal and medium, and the seawater antenna can be regarded as a special conductor antenna. As a special liquid antenna, the water antenna has the advantages of the liquid antenna, and has the characteristics of high dielectric constant, low cost, easy acquisition, optical transparency, no toxicity and the like, and attracts more and more researchers in recent years. However, the existing water antenna has its own drawbacks, such as the high dielectric constant of water effectively reduces the size of the water antenna, but also causes the problem of narrowing the operating band of the antenna.
For example, in 2015, YUJIAN LI et al published a Water Antenna in a liquid Antenna in the journal of Access in IEEE, the Antenna was composed of a plastic box, a Water medium, and an L-shaped probe, the Antenna gain was 7.1dBi, the radiation efficiency was over 68%, the cross polarization was less than-20 dB, but the Antenna operating bandwidth was from 0.87GHz to 0.94GHz, the relative bandwidth was only 7.6%, the bandwidth was narrow, and the Antenna could not generate OAM vortex electromagnetic waves.
For example, patent document entitled "a directional pattern reconfigurable liquid antenna" is applied by Nanjing aerospace university in 8.2019, the antenna in the patent document comprises a liquid monopole, a liquid reflecting surface, a ground plate and a feeding structure, and the directional pattern reconfiguration of the antenna is realized by selecting a specific position of the liquid reflecting surface and injecting saline water to form different liquid reflecting surfaces. The design can realize the directional diagram reconfigurability of the antenna in the same structure, the antenna has good radiation characteristics, the total efficiency can reach more than 60% in a working frequency band, the working bandwidth of the antenna is 334 MHz-488 MHz, the relative bandwidth is 37.5%, and the liquid antenna cannot generate OAM vortex electromagnetic waves.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a liquid antenna based on OAM single mode and mixed mode, which can generate single-mode vortex electromagnetic waves or mixed-mode vortex electromagnetic waves.
In order to achieve the above purpose, a liquid antenna based on OAM single mode and mixed mode includes a first transparent dielectric substrate, a second transparent dielectric substrate, a first liquid medium and a second liquid medium, a metal floor, a first short circuit metal sheet, a second short circuit metal sheet, a first radiation metal sheet, a second radiation metal sheet, four identical short circuit PINs and a feed network, where the first transparent dielectric substrate is located above the second transparent dielectric substrate, the second transparent dielectric substrate is located on the upper surface of the metal floor, and the feed network is composed of a quartering power division phase shifter, a metal base, and a PIN tube;
a first annular groove and a second annular groove are formed in the second transparent medium substrate, the first liquid medium and the second liquid medium are respectively positioned in the first annular groove and the second annular groove, and the first radiation metal sheet and the second radiation metal sheet are respectively printed at the bottoms of the first annular groove and the second annular groove; the tops of the first short-circuit metal sheet and the second short-circuit metal sheet are respectively positioned on the lower surfaces of the first radiation metal sheet and the second radiation metal sheet, and the bottoms of the first short-circuit metal sheet and the second short-circuit metal sheet are positioned on the upper surface of the metal floor;
in the above claims, the centers of the first and second annular grooves and the center of the transparent dielectric substrate coincide with each other.
In the above claims, one end of each of the four identical shorting pins is located on the upper surface of the output port of the four-in-four power division phase shifter, wherein the other ends of the first shorting pin and the second shorting pin are located on the lower surface of the first radiating metal plate, and the other ends of the third shorting pin and the fourth shorting pin are located on the lower surface of the second radiating metal plate.
In the above claims, the distance between the axis of the first shorting pin and the axis of the second shorting pin from the axis of the second transparent dielectric substrate is denoted as d1，d1Is 0.172 x lambda0≤d1≤0.188×λ0(ii) a The distance between the axial lines of the third short-circuit pin and the fourth short-circuit pin and the axial line of the second transparent medium substrate is d2，d2Is 0.392 x lambda0≤d2≤0.408×λ0，λ0Free space wavelength, λ, corresponding to the central operating frequency0＝122.45mm。
In the above claims, the included angle between the first short-circuit pin and the second short-circuit pin and the center of the second transparent dielectric substrate is represented as θ1The included angle between the third short-circuit pin and the center of the second transparent medium substrate and the included angle between the fourth short-circuit pin and the center of the second transparent medium substrate are represented as theta2Wherein, theta1Theta is more than or equal to 42 degrees1≤48°，θ2Theta is not less than 147 degrees2≤153°。
In the above claims, the first transparent dielectric substrate has a cylindrical shape, wherein the radius of the cylinder is K, and the height of the cylinder is H1，λ0Free space wavelength, λ, corresponding to the central operating frequency0122.45mm, K0.637 x lambda0≤K≤0.653×λ0，H1＝1mm。
In the above claims, the second transparent dielectric substrate is cylindrical, wherein the radius of the cylinder is K and the height of the cylinder is H2，λ0Free space wavelength, λ, corresponding to the central operating frequency0122.45mm, K0.637 x lambda0≤K≤0.653×λ0，H2Is 0.0776 x lambda0≤H2≤0.086×λ0。
In the preceding claims, the internal diameter of the first annular groove is denoted a1，a1Is 0.045 multiplied by lambda0≤a1≤0.053×λ0The outer diameter of the first annular groove is denoted b1，b1Is 0.237 x lambda0≤b1≤0.253×λ0The height of the first annular groove is denoted by H3，H3Is 0.023 multiplied by lambda0≤H3≤0.026×λ0(ii) a The inner diameter of the second annular groove is denoted as a2，a2Is 0.331 × λ0≤a2≤0.339×λ0The outer diameter of the second annular groove is denoted b2，b2Is 0.457X lambda0≤b2≤0.474×λ0The height of the second annular groove is denoted by H3，H3Is 0.023 multiplied by lambda0≤H3≤0.026×λ0，λ0Free space wavelength, λ, corresponding to the central operating frequency0＝122.45mm。
In the preceding claims, the inner diameter of the first radiating metal sheet is denoted a1，a1Is 0.045 multiplied by lambda0≤a1≤0.053×λ0The outer diameter of the first radiating metal sheet is denoted by b1，b1Is 0.237 x lambda0≤b1≤0.253×λ0(ii) a The second radiating metal sheet has an inner diameter denoted by a2，a2Is 0.331 × λ0≤a2≤0.339×λ0The outer diameter of the second radiating metal sheet is denoted by b2，b2Is 0.457X lambda0≤b2≤0.474×λ0，λ0Free space wavelength, λ, corresponding to the central operating frequency0＝122.45mm。
In the above claims, the first shorting metal piece has an inner diameter denoted a1，a1Is 0.045 multiplied by lambda0≤a1≤0.053×λ0The outer diameter of the first short-circuit metal sheet is denoted by c1，c1Is 0.057 x lambda0≤c1≤0.065×λ0The height of the first short-circuit metal sheet is represented as H4Wherein H is4＝H2-H3(ii) a The inner diameter of the second shorting metal piece is denoted as a2，a2Is 0.331 × λ0≤a2≤0.339×λ0And the outer diameter of the second short-circuit metal piece is denoted by c2，c2Is 0.343 × λ0≤c2≤0.347×λ0And the height of the second short-circuit metal sheet is represented as H4Wherein H is4＝H2-H3,λ0Free space wavelength, λ, corresponding to the central operating frequency0＝122.45mm。
In the above claims, the first and second liquid media may be water, liquid metal, glycerol.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. according to the invention, a first annular groove and a second annular groove are formed in a medium substrate, a first liquid medium and a second liquid medium are respectively positioned in the first annular groove and the second annular groove, a first radiation metal sheet and a second radiation metal sheet are respectively printed at the bottoms of the first annular groove and the second annular groove and are connected with a feed network through four same short-circuit pins; in the feed network, a PIN1 tube is controlled to be conducted, a PIN2 is not conducted, and single-mode vortex electromagnetic waves with the L being-1 are generated; by controlling the conduction of a PIN2 tube, PIN1 is not conducted, and single-mode vortex electromagnetic waves with L being 2 are generated; the PIN1 pipe and the PIN2 pipe are controlled to be conducted simultaneously, vortex electromagnetic waves of a mixed mode are generated, the technical problem that OAM vortex electromagnetic waves are generated without a liquid antenna in the prior art is solved, and state conversion switching between a single mode and the mixed mode is convenient.
2. The whole structure of the liquid antenna adopted by the invention is in a transparent state, the impedance bandwidth of the generated-1-mode single-mode vortex electromagnetic wave is 2-2.7GHz, and the relative bandwidth is 29.8%; the impedance bandwidth of the generated 2-modal single-modal vortex electromagnetic wave is 2-3GHz, and the relative bandwidth is 40%; the impedance bandwidth of the generated mixed mode vortex electromagnetic wave is 2-3GHz, the relative bandwidth is 40%, the technical problem that OAM vortex electromagnetic waves are generated without a liquid antenna in the prior art is solved, and meanwhile, the bandwidth is widened.
3. According to the liquid antenna adopted by the invention, the liquid medium adopts water, the purity of the generated-1 mode vortex electromagnetic wave is 95.3%, and the purity of the generated 2 mode vortex electromagnetic wave is 94.3%, so that the purity of the obtained single mode vortex electromagnetic wave is high.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic side view of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a top view of the feed network of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of S parameters of the liquid antenna of the present invention in the-1 mode;
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the far field phase distribution of the electric field in the-1 mode of the liquid antenna according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a partial diagram of the far field amplitude of the electric field in the-1 mode of the liquid antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating the far field complex amplitude subdivision of the electric field when the liquid antenna of the present invention generates the-1 mode;
FIG. 9 is a three-dimensional gain pattern of the liquid antenna of the present invention in the-1 mode;
FIG. 10 is a two-dimensional gain pattern of the liquid antenna of the present invention in the-1 mode;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the purity distribution of the vortex electromagnetic wave in the-1 mode of the liquid antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a S parameter plot for the 2 mode of the liquid antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating the far field phase distribution of the electric field when the liquid antenna of the present invention generates the 2-mode;
FIG. 14 is a partial diagram of the far field amplitude of the electric field when the liquid antenna of the present invention generates the 2-mode;
FIG. 15 is a partial diagram of the far field complex amplitude of the electric field when the liquid antenna of the present invention generates the 2-mode;
FIG. 16 is a three-dimensional gain pattern of the liquid antenna of the present invention when it produces the 2-mode;
FIG. 17 is a two-dimensional gain pattern of the liquid antenna of the present invention when it produces the 2 mode;
FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of the purity distribution of the vortex electromagnetic wave when the liquid antenna of the present invention generates 2-mode;
FIG. 19 is a graph of S parameters for a hybrid mode of the liquid antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram of the purity distribution of the vortex electromagnetic wave when the liquid antenna of the present invention generates a hybrid mode;
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
example 1:
with reference to fig. 1, 2, 3 and 4
A liquid antenna based on OAM single mode and mixed mode comprises a first transparent medium substrate 1, a second transparent medium substrate 2, a first liquid medium 3, a second liquid medium 4, a metal floor 5, a first short-circuit metal sheet 6, a second short-circuit metal sheet 7, a first radiation metal sheet 8, a second radiation metal sheet 9, four identical short-circuit PINs 10 and a feed network 11, wherein the first transparent medium substrate 1 is positioned above the second transparent medium substrate 2, the second transparent medium substrate 2 is positioned on the upper surface of the metal floor 5, and the feed network 11 consists of a one-to-four power division phase shifter 111, a metal base 112 and a PIN tube 113;
a first annular groove 21 and a second annular groove 22 are formed in the second transparent medium substrate 2, the first liquid medium 3 and the second liquid medium 4 are respectively located in the first annular groove 21 and the second annular groove 22, and the first radiation metal sheet 8 and the second radiation metal sheet 9 are respectively printed at the bottoms of the first annular groove 21 and the second annular groove 22; the tops of the first short circuit metal sheet 6 and the second short circuit metal sheet 7 are respectively positioned on the lower surfaces of the first radiation metal sheet 8 and the second radiation metal sheet 9, and the bottoms of the first short circuit metal sheet 6 and the second short circuit metal sheet 7 are positioned on the upper surface of the metal floor 5;
the centers of the first annular groove 21 and the second annular groove 22 and the center of the transparent medium substrate 2 are coincident with each other.
One end of each of the four identical shorting pins 10 is located on the upper surface of the output port of the four-in-four power division phase shifter 111, wherein the other ends of the first shorting pin 101 and the second shorting pin 102 are located on the lower surface of the first radiating metal sheet 8, and the other ends of the third shorting pin 103 and the fourth shorting pin 104 are located on the lower surface of the second radiating metal sheet 9.
The working process of the invention is as follows: an input signal is input from one end of a feed network, and after passing through a power division phase shifter 111 with four divisions, two paths of signals with the same amplitude and 90-degree phase difference can be respectively output. In the feed network 11, by controlling the conduction of a PIN1 tube and the non-conduction of a PIN2 tube, an input signal outputs two paths of signals with the same amplitude and 90-degree phase difference from a right path port of a one-to-four power division phase shifter 111, the two paths of signals excite a first radiation metal sheet 8 through a first short circuit PIN 101 and a second short circuit PIN 102, a TM21 mode is generated on the first radiation metal sheet 8, and a vortex electromagnetic wave with the mode of 1 is generated through the action of devices such as a first liquid medium 3 and a first short circuit metal sheet 6; in a feed network, through controlling the conduction of a PIN2 tube and the non-conduction of a PIN1 tube, an input signal outputs two paths of signals with the same amplitude and 90-degree phase difference from a left path port of a one-to-four power division phase shifter 111, the two paths of signals excite a second radiation metal sheet 9 through a third short circuit PIN 103 and a fourth short circuit PIN 104, a TM31 mode can be generated on the second radiation metal sheet 9, and vortex electromagnetic waves with the mode of 2 can be generated through the action of devices such as a second liquid medium 4 and a second short circuit metal sheet 7; in a feed network, through controlling the conduction of PIN1 and the simultaneous conduction of PIN2, an input signal respectively outputs two paths of signals with the same amplitude and 90-degree phase difference from a left path port and a right path port of a power division phase shifter 111 with four-in-one division, two signals of the left path port excite a second radiation metal sheet 9 through a third short circuit PIN 103 and a fourth short circuit PIN 104, two signals of the right path port excite a first radiation metal sheet 8 through a first short circuit PIN 101 and a second short circuit PIN 102, and vortex electromagnetic waves of a mixed mode can be generated under the action of devices such as the first short circuit metal sheet 6 and the second short circuit metal sheet 7.
The axes of the first short-circuit needle 101 and the second short-circuit needle 102 are far away from the second transparent mediumThe axial distance of the base plate 2 is denoted d1，d1Is 0.172 x lambda0≤d1≤0.188×λ0(ii) a The distance between the axial line of the third short-circuit pin 103 and the axial line of the fourth short-circuit pin 104 and the axial line of the second transparent medium substrate 2 is d2，d2Is 0.392 x lambda0≤d2≤0.408×λ0，λ0Free space wavelength, λ, corresponding to the central operating frequency0122.45 mm. The distance d between the axes of the first shorting pin 101 and the second shorting pin 102 of the present invention and the axis of the second transparent dielectric substrate 21Preferably 22mm, and the distance d between the axial lines of the third shorting pin 103 and the fourth shorting pin 104 of the present invention and the axial line of the second transparent dielectric substrate 22Preferably 49 mm.
The included angle between the first short circuit pin 101 and the second short circuit pin 102 and the center of the second transparent medium substrate 2 is represented as theta1The included angle between the third shorting pin 103 and the fourth shorting pin 104 and the center of the second transparent dielectric substrate 2 is represented as θ2Wherein, theta1Theta is more than or equal to 42 degrees1≤48°，θ2Theta is not less than 147 degrees2Less than or equal to 153 degrees. The first short circuit pin 101 and the second short circuit pin 102 of the invention form an included angle theta with the center of the second transparent medium substrate 21Preferably 45 degrees, and the included angle theta between the third short-circuit pin 103 and the fourth short-circuit pin 104 of the invention and the center of the second transparent dielectric substrate 22Preferably 150.
The first transparent medium substrate 1 is a cylinder, wherein the radius of the cylinder is K, and the height of the cylinder is H1，λ0Free space wavelength, λ, corresponding to the central operating frequency0122.45mm, K0.637 x lambda0≤K≤0.653×λ0，H 11 mm. The radius K of the first transparent dielectric substrate 1 of the present invention is preferably 79mm, the material selected for the first transparent dielectric substrate 1 is acrylic, and the dielectric constant is 2.56.
The second transparent medium substrate 2 is cylindrical, wherein the radius of the cylinder is K, and the height of the cylinder is H2，λ0Free space wavelength, λ, corresponding to the central operating frequency0122.45mm, K0.637 x lambda0≤K≤0.653×λ0，H2Is 0.0776 x lambda0≤H2≤0.086×λ0. The radius K of the second transparent dielectric substrate 2 of the present invention is preferably 79mm, and the height H of the second transparent dielectric substrate 22Preferably 10mm, the material selected for the second transparent dielectric substrate 2 is acrylic, and the dielectric constant is 2.56.
The inner diameter of the first annular groove 21 is denoted by a1，a1Is 0.045 multiplied by lambda0≤a1≤0.053×λ0The outer diameter of the first annular groove 21 is denoted b1，b1Is 0.237 x lambda0≤b1≤0.253×λ0The height of the first annular groove 21 is indicated by H3，H3Is 0.023 multiplied by lambda0≤H3≤0.026×λ0(ii) a The inner diameter of the second annular groove 22 is denoted by a2，a2Is 0.331 × λ0≤a2≤0.339×λ0The outer diameter of the second annular groove 22 is denoted b2，b2Is 0.457X lambda0≤b2≤0.474×λ0The height of the second annular groove 22 is denoted by H3，H3Is 0.023 multiplied by lambda0≤H3≤0.026×λ0，λ0Free space wavelength, λ, corresponding to the central operating frequency0122.45 mm. Inner diameter a of first annular groove 21 of the present invention1Preferably 6mm, the outer diameter b of the first annular groove 211Preferably 30mm, height H of the first annular groove 213Preferably 3 mm; inner diameter a of the second annular groove 22 of the present invention2Preferably 41mm, the outer diameter b of the second annular groove 222Preferably 57mm, the height H of the second annular groove 223Preferably 3 mm.
The inner diameter of the first radiating metal sheet 8 is denoted a1，a1Is 0.045 multiplied by lambda0≤a1≤0.053×λ0The outer diameter of the first radiating metal sheet 8 is denoted b1，b1Is 0.237 x lambda0≤b1≤0.253×λ0(ii) a The inner diameter of the second radiating metal sheet 9 is denoted a2，a2Is 0.331 × λ0≤a2≤0.339×λ0The outer diameter of the second radiating metal sheet 9Is denoted by b2，b2Is 0.457X lambda0≤b2≤0.474×λ0，λ0Free space wavelength, λ, corresponding to the central operating frequency0122.45 mm. Inner diameter a of first radiating metal piece 8 of the present invention1Preferably 6mm, the outer diameter b of the first radiating metal sheet 81Preferably 30 mm; inner diameter a of the second radiating metal sheet 9 of the present invention2Preferably 41mm, the outer diameter b of the second radiating metal sheet 92Preferably 57 mm.
The first shorting metal piece 6 has an inner diameter denoted as a1，a1Is 0.045 multiplied by lambda0≤a1≤0.053×λ0The outer diameter of the first shorting metal piece 6 is denoted by c1，c1Is 0.057 x lambda0≤c1≤0.065×λ0The height of the first shorting metal piece 6 is denoted by H4Wherein H is4＝H2-H3(ii) a The inner diameter of the second shorting metal sheet 7 is denoted by a2，a2Is 0.331 × λ0≤a2≤0.339×λ0And the outer diameter of the second shorting metal piece 7 is denoted by c2，c2Is 0.343 × λ0≤c2≤0.347×λ0The height of the second shorting metal piece 7 is denoted by H4Wherein H is4＝H2-H3,λ0Free space wavelength, λ, corresponding to the central operating frequency0122.45 mm. The inner diameter a of the first shorting metal piece 6 of the present invention1Preferably 6mm, the outer diameter c of the first short-circuit metal sheet 61Preferably 7mm, height H of the first short-circuit metal sheet 64Preferably 7 mm; inner diameter a of the second shorting metal piece 7 of the present invention2Preferably 41mm, the outer diameter c of the second short-circuit metal sheet 72Preferably 42mm, height H of the second shorting metal 74Preferably 7 mm.
The first liquid medium 3 and the second liquid medium 4 may be water, liquid metal, glycerol. The first liquid medium 3 and the second liquid medium 4 of the present invention are preferably water, and have a dielectric constant of 81.
Example 2:
the first shorting pin101 and the distance d between the axis of the second shorting pin 102 and the axis of the second transparent dielectric substrate 21，d1Is 0.172 x lambda0≤d1≤0.188×λ0(ii) a The distance between the axial line of the third short-circuit pin 103 and the axial line of the fourth short-circuit pin 104 and the axial line of the second transparent medium substrate 2 is d2，d2Is 0.392 x lambda0≤d2≤0.408×λ0,λ0Free space wavelength, λ, corresponding to the central operating frequency0122.45 mm. The distance d between the axes of the first shorting pin 101 and the second shorting pin 102 of the present invention and the axis of the second transparent dielectric substrate 21Preferably 21mm, the distance d between the axis of the third shorting pin 103 and the axis of the fourth shorting pin 104 of the present invention and the axis of the second transparent dielectric substrate 22Preferably 48 mm.
The included angle between the first short circuit pin 101 and the second short circuit pin 102 and the center of the second transparent medium substrate 2 is represented as theta1The included angle between the third shorting pin 103 and the fourth shorting pin 104 and the center of the second transparent dielectric substrate 2 is represented as θ2Wherein, theta1Theta is more than or equal to 42 degrees1≤48°，θ2Theta is not less than 147 degrees2Less than or equal to 153 degrees. The first short circuit pin 101 and the second short circuit pin 102 of the invention form an included angle theta with the center of the second transparent medium substrate 21Preferably 42 degrees, and the included angle theta between the third short-circuit pin 103 and the fourth short-circuit pin 104 of the invention and the center of the second transparent medium substrate 22Preferably 147.
The first transparent medium substrate 1 is a cylinder, wherein the radius of the cylinder is K, and the height of the cylinder is H1，λ0Free space wavelength, λ, corresponding to the central operating frequency0122.45mm, K0.637 x lambda0≤K≤0.653×λ0，H 11 mm. The radius K of the first transparent dielectric substrate 1 of the present invention is preferably 78mm, the material selected for the first transparent dielectric substrate 1 is acrylic, and the dielectric constant is 2.56.
The second transparent medium substrate 2 is cylindrical, wherein the radius of the cylinder is K, and the height of the cylinder is H2，λ0Free space wavelength, λ, corresponding to the central operating frequency0＝122.45mm, K is 0.637 x lambda0≤K≤0.653×λ0，H2Is 0.0776 x lambda0≤H2≤0.086×λ0. The radius K of the second transparent dielectric substrate 2 of the present invention is preferably 78mm, and the height H of the second transparent dielectric substrate 2 is preferably 78mm2Preferably 9.5mm, the material selected for the second transparent dielectric substrate 2 is acrylic, and the dielectric constant is 2.56.
The inner diameter of the first annular groove 21 is denoted by a1，a1Is 0.045 multiplied by lambda0≤a1≤0.053×λ0The outer diameter of the first annular groove 21 is denoted b1，b1Is 0.237 x lambda0≤b1≤0.253×λ0The height of the first annular groove 21 is indicated by H3，H3Is 0.023 multiplied by lambda0≤H3≤0.026×λ0(ii) a The inner diameter of the second annular groove 22 is denoted by a2，a2Is 0.331 × λ0≤a2≤0.339×λ0The outer diameter of the second annular groove 22 is denoted b2，b2Is 0.457X lambda0≤b2≤0.474×λ0The height of the second annular groove 22 is denoted by H3，H3Is 0.023 multiplied by lambda0≤H3≤0.026×λ0，λ0Free space wavelength, λ, corresponding to the central operating frequency0122.45 mm. Inner diameter a of first annular groove 21 of the present invention1Preferably 5.5mm, the outer diameter b of the first annular groove 211Preferably 29mm, height H of first annular groove 213Preferably 2.8 mm; inner diameter a of the second annular groove 22 of the present invention2Preferably 40.5mm, the outer diameter b of the second annular groove 222Preferably 56mm, the height H of the second annular groove 223Preferably 2.8 mm.
The inner diameter of the first radiating metal sheet 8 is denoted a1，a1Is 0.045 multiplied by lambda0≤a1≤0.053×λ0The outer diameter of the first radiating metal sheet 8 is denoted b1，b1Is 0.237 x lambda0≤b1≤0.253×λ0(ii) a The inner diameter of the second radiating metal sheet 9 is denoted a2，a2Is 0.331 × λ0≤a2≤0.339×λ0The outer diameter of the second radiating metal sheet 9 is denoted b2，b2Is 0.457X lambda0≤b2≤0.474×λ0，λ0Free space wavelength, λ, corresponding to the central operating frequency0122.45 mm. Inner diameter a of first radiating metal piece 8 of the present invention1Preferably 5.5mm, the outer diameter b of the first radiating metal sheet 81Preferably 29 mm; inner diameter a of the second radiating metal sheet 9 of the present invention2Preferably 40.5mm, the outer diameter b of the second radiating metal sheet 92Preferably 56 mm.
The first shorting metal piece 6 has an inner diameter denoted as a1，a1Is 0.045 multiplied by lambda0≤a1≤0.053×λ0The outer diameter of the first shorting metal piece 6 is denoted by c1，c1Is 0.057 x lambda0≤c1≤0.065×λ0The height of the first shorting metal piece 6 is denoted by H4Wherein H is4＝H2-H3(ii) a The inner diameter of the second shorting metal sheet 7 is denoted by a2，a2Is 0.331 × λ0≤a2≤0.339×λ0And the outer diameter of the second shorting metal piece 7 is denoted by c2，c2Is 0.343 × λ0≤c2≤0.347×λ0The height of the second shorting metal piece 7 is denoted by H4Wherein H is4＝H2-H3,λ0Free space wavelength, λ, corresponding to the central operating frequency0122.45 mm. The inner diameter a of the first shorting metal piece 6 of the present invention1Preferably 5.5mm, the outer diameter c of the first short-circuit metal sheet 61Preferably 7mm, height H of the first short-circuit metal sheet 64Preferably 6.7 mm; inner diameter a of the second shorting metal piece 7 of the present invention2Preferably 40.5mm, the outer diameter c of the second short-circuit metal sheet 72Preferably 42mm, height H of the second shorting metal 74Preferably 6.7 mm.
The first liquid medium 3 and the second liquid medium 4 may be water, liquid metal, glycerol. The first liquid medium 3 and the second liquid medium 4 of the present invention are preferably water, which has a dielectric constant of 81.
Example 3:
the distance between the axial line of the first short-circuit needle 101 and the axial line of the second short-circuit needle 102 and the axial line of the second transparent medium substrate 2 is denoted as d1，d1Is 0.172 x lambda0≤d1≤0.188×λ0(ii) a The distance between the axial line of the third short-circuit pin 103 and the axial line of the fourth short-circuit pin 104 and the axial line of the second transparent medium substrate 2 is d2，d2Is 0.392 x lambda0≤d2≤0.408×λ0,λ0Free space wavelength, λ, corresponding to the central operating frequency0122.45 mm. The distance d between the axes of the first shorting pin 101 and the second shorting pin 102 of the present invention and the axis of the second transparent dielectric substrate 21Preferably 23mm, and the distance d between the axial lines of the third shorting pin 103 and the fourth shorting pin 104 of the present invention and the axial line of the second transparent dielectric substrate 22Preferably 50 mm.
The included angle between the first short circuit pin 101 and the second short circuit pin 102 and the center of the second transparent medium substrate 2 is represented as theta1The included angle between the third shorting pin 103 and the fourth shorting pin 104 and the center of the second transparent dielectric substrate 2 is represented as θ2Wherein, theta1Theta is more than or equal to 42 degrees1≤48°，θ2Theta is not less than 147 degrees2Less than or equal to 153 degrees. The first short circuit pin 101 and the second short circuit pin 102 of the invention form an included angle theta with the center of the second transparent medium substrate 21Preferably 48 degrees, and the included angle theta between the third short-circuit pin 103 and the fourth short-circuit pin 104 of the invention and the center of the second transparent medium substrate 22Preferably 153.
The first transparent medium substrate 1 is a cylinder, wherein the radius of the cylinder is K, and the height of the cylinder is H1，λ0Free space wavelength, λ, corresponding to the central operating frequency0122.45mm, K0.637 x lambda0≤K≤0.653×λ0，H 11 mm. The radius K of the first transparent dielectric substrate 1 of the present invention is preferably 80mm, the material of the first transparent dielectric substrate 1 is acrylic, and the dielectric constant is 2.56.
The second transparent medium substrate 2 is cylindrical, wherein the radius of the cylinder is K, and the height of the cylinder is H2，λ0Is composed ofFree space wavelength, λ, corresponding to the heart working frequency0122.45mm, K0.637 x lambda0≤K≤0.653×λ0，H2Is 0.0776 x lambda0≤H2≤0.086×λ0. The radius K of the second transparent dielectric substrate 2 of the present invention is preferably 80mm, and the height H of the second transparent dielectric substrate 22Preferably 10.5mm, the material of the second transparent dielectric substrate 1 is acrylic, and the dielectric constant is 2.56.
The inner diameter of the first annular groove 21 is denoted by a1，a1Is 0.045 multiplied by lambda0≤a1≤0.053×λ0The outer diameter of the first annular groove 21 is denoted b1，b1Is 0.237 x lambda0≤b1≤0.253×λ0The height of the first annular groove 21 is indicated by H3，H3Is 0.023 multiplied by lambda0≤H3≤0.026×λ0(ii) a The inner diameter of the second annular groove 22 is denoted by a2，a2Is 0.331 × λ0≤a2≤0.339×λ0The outer diameter of the second annular groove 22 is denoted b2，b2Is 0.457X lambda0≤b2≤0.474×λ0The height of the second annular groove 22 is denoted by H3，H3Is 0.023 multiplied by lambda0≤H3≤0.026×λ0，λ0Free space wavelength, λ, corresponding to the central operating frequency0122.45 mm. Inner diameter a of first annular groove 21 of the present invention1Preferably 6.5mm, the outer diameter b of the first annular groove 211Preferably 31mm, height H of the first annular groove 213Preferably 3.2 mm; inner diameter a of the second annular groove 22 of the present invention2Preferably 41.5mm, the outer diameter b of the second annular groove 222Preferably 58mm, the height H of the second annular groove 223Preferably 3.2 mm.
The inner diameter of the first radiating metal sheet 8 is denoted a1，a1Is 0.045 multiplied by lambda0≤a1≤0.053×λ0The outer diameter of the first radiating metal sheet 8 is denoted b1，b1Is 0.237 x lambda0≤b1≤0.253×λ0(ii) a The inner diameter of the second radiating metal sheet 9 is denoted a2，a2Is 0.331 × λ0≤a2≤0.339×λ0The outer diameter of the second radiating metal sheet 9 is denoted b2，b2Is 0.457X lambda0≤b2≤0.474×λ0，λ0Free space wavelength, λ, corresponding to the central operating frequency0122.45 mm. Inner diameter a of first radiating metal piece 8 of the present invention1Preferably 6.5mm, the outer diameter b of the first radiating metal sheet 81Preferably 31 mm; inner diameter a of the second radiating metal sheet 9 of the present invention2Preferably 41.5mm, the outer diameter b of the second radiating metal sheet 92Preferably 58 mm.
The first shorting metal piece 6 has an inner diameter denoted as a1，a1Is 0.045 multiplied by lambda0≤a1≤0.053×λ0The outer diameter of the first shorting metal piece 6 is denoted by c1，c1Is 0.057 x lambda0≤c1≤0.065×λ0The height of the first shorting metal piece 6 is denoted by H4Wherein H is4＝H2-H3(ii) a The inner diameter of the second shorting metal sheet 7 is denoted by a2，a2Is 0.331 × λ0≤a2≤0.339×λ0And the outer diameter of the second shorting metal piece 7 is denoted by c2，c2Is 0.343 × λ0≤c2≤0.347×λ0The height of the second shorting metal piece 7 is denoted by H4Wherein H is4＝H2-H3,λ0Free space wavelength, λ, corresponding to the central operating frequency0122.45 mm. The inner diameter a of the first shorting metal piece 6 of the present invention1Preferably 6.5mm, the outer diameter c of the first short-circuit metal sheet 61Preferably 8mm, height H of the first short-circuit metal sheet 64Preferably 7.3 mm; inner diameter a of the second shorting metal piece 7 of the present invention2Preferably 41.5mm, the outer diameter c of the second short-circuit metal sheet 72Preferably 42.5mm, height H of the second shorting metal strip 74Preferably 7.3 mm.
The first liquid medium 3 and the second liquid medium 4 may be water, liquid metal, glycerol. The first liquid medium 3 and the second liquid medium 4 of the present invention are preferably water, which has a dielectric constant of 81.
The technical effects of the invention are further explained by combining simulation experiments as follows:
1. simulation conditions and contents:
1.1 referring to fig. 5, the antenna of example 1 was simulated using commercial simulation software ANSYS19.2, with the simulated center frequency set to 2.45GHz and a viewing surface set at 1200mm from the antenna, with the size of the viewing surface set to 1700 x 1700 mm. Controlling the conduction of a PIN1 tube and the non-conduction of a PIN2 tube in the feed network to obtain an S parameter distribution diagram of the antenna; referring to fig. 6, PIN1 tube in the feed network is controlled to be conducted, and PIN2 tube is controlled to be not conducted, so that a far field phase distribution diagram of an antenna electric field is obtained; referring to fig. 7, controlling the conduction of a PIN1 tube and the non-conduction of a PIN2 tube in the feed network to obtain a far field amplitude distribution diagram of an antenna electric field; referring to fig. 8, a PIN1 tube in the feed network is controlled to be conducted, and a PIN2 tube is controlled to be not conducted, so that a far field complex amplitude distribution diagram of an antenna electric field is obtained; referring to fig. 9, a PIN1 tube in the feed network is controlled to be conducted, and a PIN2 tube is controlled to be not conducted, so that an antenna three-dimensional gain distribution diagram is obtained; referring to fig. 10, a PIN1 tube in the feed network is controlled to be conducted, and a PIN2 tube is controlled to be not conducted, so that a two-dimensional gain distribution diagram of the antenna is obtained;
1.2 referring to fig. 12, controlling the conduction of a PIN2 tube and the non-conduction of a PIN1 tube in a feed network to obtain an S parameter distribution diagram of the antenna; referring to fig. 13, PIN2 tube in the feed network is controlled to be conducted, and PIN1 tube is controlled to be not conducted, so that a far field phase distribution diagram of an antenna electric field is obtained; referring to fig. 14, PIN2 tube in the feed network is controlled to be conducted, and PIN1 tube is controlled to be not conducted, so that a far field amplitude distribution diagram of an antenna electric field is obtained; referring to fig. 15, a PIN2 tube in the feed network is controlled to be conducted, and a PIN1 tube is controlled to be not conducted, so that a far field complex amplitude distribution diagram of an antenna electric field is obtained; referring to fig. 16, a PIN2 tube in the feed network is controlled to be conducted, and a PIN1 tube is controlled to be not conducted, so that an antenna three-dimensional gain distribution diagram is obtained; referring to fig. 17, a PIN2 tube in the feed network is controlled to be conducted, and a PIN1 tube is controlled to be not conducted, so that a two-dimensional gain distribution diagram of the antenna is obtained;
1.3 referring to fig. 19, controlling the conduction of a PIN1 tube and a PIN2 tube in a feed network at the same time to obtain an S parameter distribution diagram of the antenna;
1.4 referring to fig. 11, controlling the conduction of a PIN1 tube and the non-conduction of a PIN2 tube in a feed network to obtain the electric field distribution of an antenna far field, deriving the result, and performing simulation calculation on the derived result by using commercial simulation software MATLAB R2018b to obtain the purity distribution of vortex electromagnetic waves; referring to fig. 18, a PIN2 tube in the feed network is controlled to be conducted, a PIN1 tube is controlled to be not conducted, electric field distribution of an antenna far field is obtained, the result is derived, and commercial simulation software MATLAB R2018b is used for carrying out simulation calculation on the derived result to obtain purity distribution of vortex electromagnetic waves; referring to fig. 20, a PIN1 tube and a PIN2 tube in a feed network are controlled to be conducted simultaneously to obtain electric field distribution of an antenna far field, the result is derived, and commercial simulation software MATLAB R2018b is used for carrying out simulation calculation on the derived result to obtain purity distribution of vortex electromagnetic waves;
2. and (3) simulation result analysis:
referring to fig. 5, the abscissa represents frequency, the ordinate represents reflection coefficient, and with the reflection coefficient smaller than-10 dB as a standard, in this embodiment 1, when the PIN1 tube is conductive and the PIN2 tube is non-conductive, the bandwidth is 2-2.7GHz, and the relative bandwidth is 29.8%.
Referring to fig. 6, fig. 6 shows the electric field phase component of the antenna far field, which exhibits the spiral characteristic and the number of spirals is 1, and in the present embodiment 1, a vortex electromagnetic wave with the mode number L of-1 is generated when PIN1 is on and PIN2 is off.
Referring to fig. 7, fig. 7 shows the electric field amplitude distribution of the antenna far field, which is concave at the center and is characteristic of OAM vortex electromagnetic waves.
Referring to fig. 8, fig. 8 shows the electric field complex amplitude distribution of the antenna far field, wherein the electric field amplitude center is concave and is characterized by OAM vortex electromagnetic waves.
Referring to fig. 9, fig. 9 shows a three-dimensional gain pattern of the antenna, which is concave at the center and is characteristic of OAM vortex electromagnetic waves.
Referring to fig. 10, the abscissa represents angle and the ordinate represents antenna gain, and the antenna two-dimensional gain pattern is concave at the center and is characteristic of OAM vortex electromagnetic waves.
Referring to fig. 12, the abscissa represents frequency, the ordinate represents reflection coefficient, and with the reflection coefficient smaller than-10 dB as a standard, in this embodiment 1, when the PIN2 tube is turned on and the PIN1 tube is not turned on, the bandwidth is 2-3GHz, and the relative bandwidth is 40%.
Referring to fig. 13, which shows the electric field phase component in the far field of the antenna, the phase component exhibits a spiral characteristic, and the number of spirals is 2, and in the present example 1, a vortex electromagnetic wave having a mode number L of 2 is generated when the PIN2 pipe is conductive and the PIN1 pipe is nonconductive.
Referring to fig. 14, fig. 14 shows the electric field amplitude distribution of the antenna far field, which is concave at the center and is characteristic of OAM vortex electromagnetic waves.
Referring to fig. 15, fig. 15 shows the electric field complex amplitude distribution of the antenna far field, which is a concave center of the electric field amplitude and is characteristic of OAM vortex electromagnetic waves.
Referring to fig. 16, fig. 16 shows a three-dimensional gain pattern of the antenna, which is concave at the center and is characteristic of OAM vortex electromagnetic waves.
Referring to fig. 17, the abscissa represents an angle, and the ordinate represents an antenna gain, and the two-dimensional gain pattern of the antenna is recessed in the center and conforms to the characteristics of the OAM eddy electromagnetic wave.
Referring to fig. 19, the abscissa represents frequency, the ordinate represents reflection coefficient, and the reflection coefficient is smaller than-10 dB as a standard, in this embodiment 1, when the PIN1 tube and the PIN2 tube are simultaneously conducted, the bandwidth is 2-3GHz, and the relative bandwidth is 40%.
Referring to fig. 11, the abscissa is the number of modes of the vortex wave, and the ordinate is the percentage of each mode in the total mode, that is, the purity fraction of each mode, as can be seen from the figure, L ═ 1 mode purity is 95.3%, which indicates that a single-mode vortex electromagnetic wave is generated, and mode-1 is the main mode and has high purity.
Referring to fig. 18, the abscissa is the number of modes of the vortex wave, and the ordinate is the percentage of each mode in the total mode, that is, the purity fraction of each mode, as can be seen from the figure, L ═ 2 mode purity is 94.3%, which indicates that a single-mode vortex electromagnetic wave is generated, and mode 2 is the main mode and has higher purity.
Referring to fig. 20, the abscissa is the number of modes of the vortex wave, and the ordinate is the percentage of each mode in the total mode, i.e., the purity fraction of each mode, and it can be seen from the figure that the purity of L ═ 1 mode is 55.3%, the purity of L ═ 2 mode is 38.9%, 55.3% + 38.9% + 94.2%, and approaches 100%, which indicates that a mixed mode is generated, and the mixed mode is a mixture of L ═ 1 mode and L ═ 2 mode.
Therefore, in the simulation, by controlling the conduction of the PIN1 tube and the non-conduction of the PIN2 tube, a single-mode vortex electromagnetic wave with L-1 is generated; by controlling the conduction of a PIN2 tube, PIN1 is not conducted, and single-mode vortex electromagnetic waves with L being 2 are generated; by controlling the simultaneous conduction of the PIN1 pipe and the PIN2 pipe, vortex electromagnetic waves of a mixed mode are generated. Because the single-mode vortex electromagnetic wave can only load a single signal in practical application, and the mixed-mode vortex electromagnetic wave can load a plurality of signals in practical application, the mixed-mode vortex electromagnetic wave equivalently widens the spectrum range, and is more widely applied in practice.
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, so that variations based on the shape and principle of the present invention should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A liquid antenna based on OAM single mode and mixed mode comprises a first transparent medium substrate (1), a second transparent medium substrate (2), a first liquid medium (3), a second liquid medium (4), a metal floor (5), a first short-circuit metal sheet (6), a second short-circuit metal sheet (7), a first radiation metal sheet (8), a second radiation metal sheet (9), four identical short-circuit PINs (10) and a feed network (11), wherein the first transparent medium substrate (1) is positioned above the second transparent medium substrate (2), the second transparent medium substrate (2) is positioned on the upper surface of the metal floor (5), and the feed network (11) is composed of a four-in-one power division phase shifter (111), a metal base (112) and a PIN (113);
the method is characterized in that: a first annular groove (21) and a second annular groove (22) are formed in the second transparent medium substrate (2), the first liquid medium (3) and the second liquid medium (4) are respectively positioned in the first annular groove (21) and the second annular groove (22), and the first radiation metal sheet (8) and the second radiation metal sheet (9) are respectively printed at the bottoms of the first annular groove (21) and the second annular groove (22); the tops of the first short circuit metal sheet (6) and the second short circuit metal sheet (7) are respectively positioned on the lower surfaces of the first radiation metal sheet (8) and the second radiation metal sheet (9), and the bottoms of the first short circuit metal sheet (6) and the second short circuit metal sheet (7) are positioned on the upper surface of the metal floor (5);
the centers of the first annular groove (21) and the second annular groove (22) are coincident with the center of the transparent medium substrate (2).
2. The OAM single-mode and hybrid-mode based liquid antenna of claim 1, wherein: one end of each of the four identical short-circuit pins (10) is located on the upper surface of an output port of the four-in-four power division phase shifter (111), wherein the other ends of the first short-circuit pin (101) and the second short-circuit pin (102) are located on the lower surface of the first radiation metal sheet (8), and the other ends of the third short-circuit pin (103) and the fourth short-circuit pin (104) are located on the lower surface of the second radiation metal sheet (9).
3. The OAM single-mode and hybrid-mode based liquid antenna of claim 2, wherein: the distance between the axial lines of the first short-circuit pin (101) and the second short-circuit pin (102) and the axial line of the second transparent medium substrate (2) is represented as d1，d1Is 0.172 x lambda0≤d1≤0.188×λ0(ii) a The distance between the axial lines of the third short-circuit pin (103) and the fourth short-circuit pin (104) and the axial line of the second transparent medium substrate (2) is d2，d2Is 0.392 x lambda0≤d2≤0.408×λ0，λ0Free space wavelength, λ, corresponding to the central operating frequency0＝122.45mm。
4. The OAM single-mode and hybrid-mode based liquid antenna of claim 2, wherein: the included angle between the first short circuit pin (101) and the second short circuit pin (102) and the center of the second transparent medium substrate (2) is represented as theta1The included angle between the third short-circuit pin (103) and the fourth short-circuit pin (104) and the center of the second transparent medium substrate (2) is represented as theta2Wherein, theta1Theta is more than or equal to 42 degrees1≤48°，θ2Theta is not less than 147 degrees2≤153°。
5. The OAM single-mode and hybrid-mode based liquid antenna of claim 1, wherein: the first transparent medium substrate (1) is a cylinder, wherein the radius of the cylinder is K, and the height of the cylinder is H1，λ0Free space wavelength, λ, corresponding to the central operating frequency0122.45mm, K0.637 x lambda0≤K≤0.653×λ0，H1＝1mm。
6. The OAM single-mode and hybrid-mode based liquid antenna of claim 1, wherein: the second transparent medium substrate (2) is cylindrical, wherein the radius of the cylinder is K, and the height of the cylinder is H2，λ0Free space wavelength, λ, corresponding to the central operating frequency0122.45mm, K0.637 x lambda0≤K≤0.653×λ0，H2Is 0.0776 x lambda0≤H2≤0.086×λ0。
7. The OAM single-mode and hybrid-mode based liquid antenna of claim 1, wherein: the inner diameter of the first groove (21) is denoted as a1，a1Is 0.045 multiplied by lambda0≤a1≤0.053×λ0The outer diameter of the first groove (21) is represented by b1，b1Is 0.237 x lambda0≤b1≤0.253×λ0The height of the first groove (21) is represented by H3，H3Is 0.023 multiplied by lambda0≤H3≤0.026×λ0(ii) a The inner diameter of the second groove (22) is denoted as a2，a2Is 0.331 × λ0≤a2≤0.339×λ0The outer diameter of the second groove (22) is represented by b2，b2Is 0.457X lambda0≤b2≤0.474×λ0The height of the second groove (22) is represented by H3，H3Is 0.023 multiplied by lambda0≤H3≤0.026×λ0，λ0Free space wavelength, λ, corresponding to the central operating frequency0＝122.45mm。
8. The OAM single-mode and hybrid-mode based liquid antenna of claim 1, wherein: the first radiating metal sheet (8) has an inner diameter denoted by a1，a1Is 0.045 multiplied by lambda0≤a1≤0.053×λ0The outer diameter of the first radiating metal sheet (8) is denoted b1，b1Is 0.237 x lambda0≤b1≤0.253×λ0(ii) a The inner diameter of the second radiating metal sheet (9) is denoted by a2，a2Is 0.331 × λ0≤a2≤0.339×λ0The outer diameter of the second radiating metal sheet (9) is denoted b2，b2Is 0.457X lambda0≤b2≤0.474×λ0，λ0Free space wavelength, λ, corresponding to the central operating frequency0＝122.45mm。
9. The OAM single-mode and hybrid-mode based liquid antenna of claim 1, wherein: the first short-circuit metal sheet (6) has an inner diameter denoted by a1，a1Is 0.045 multiplied by lambda0≤a1≤0.053×λ0The outer diameter of the first short-circuit metal sheet (6) is denoted by c1，c1Is 0.057 x lambda0≤c1≤0.065×λ0The height of the first short-circuit metal sheet (6) is represented by H4Wherein H is4＝H2-H3(ii) a The inner diameter of the second shorting metal piece (7) is denoted as a2，a2Is 0.331 × λ0≤a2≤0.339×λ0And the outer diameter of the second short-circuit metal sheet (7) is denoted by c2，c2Is 0.343 × λ0≤c2≤0.347×λ0The height of the second shorting metal piece (7) is represented as H4Wherein H is4＝H2-H3,λ0Free space wavelength, λ, corresponding to the central operating frequency0＝122.45mm。
10. The OAM single-mode and hybrid-mode based liquid antenna of claim 1, wherein: the first liquid medium (3) and the second liquid medium (4) can be water, liquid metal, glycerol.
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