CN111883931A - Circularly polarized four-channel independent abnormal deflection lens based on comprehensive phase regulation and control principle of super-structured surface - Google Patents
Circularly polarized four-channel independent abnormal deflection lens based on comprehensive phase regulation and control principle of super-structured surface Download PDFInfo
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- CN111883931A CN111883931A CN202010767311.6A CN202010767311A CN111883931A CN 111883931 A CN111883931 A CN 111883931A CN 202010767311 A CN202010767311 A CN 202010767311A CN 111883931 A CN111883931 A CN 111883931A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0086—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices having materials with a synthesized negative refractive index, e.g. metamaterials or left-handed materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0013—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective
- H01Q15/0026—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective said selective devices having a stacked geometry or having multiple layers
Abstract
A circularly polarized four-channel independent abnormal deflection lens based on a comprehensive phase regulation and control principle of a super-structured surface relates to the technical field of electromagnetic wave regulation and control. The invention aims to solve the problem that the existing geometric phase-based super-structure surface is limited in geometric phase regulation and control, and the co-polarized component of an emergent wave cannot be utilized, so that the utilization rate of transmission energy is low. The invention comprises N multiplied by N rectangular array arranged ultrastructural units based on miniaturized frequency selection surface; the superstructure unit based on the miniaturized frequency selective surface comprises five metal layers, wherein the five metal layers are three patch layers and two grid layers which are alternately arranged in a stacked mode, a dielectric layer is arranged between the two adjacent metal layers, three rectangular gaps which are parallel to each other are formed in the patch layers, and a circular through hole is formed in the center of each grid layer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electromagnetic wave regulation and control, and particularly relates to an electromagnetic wave regulation and control element.
Background
The fundamental principle of wavefront deflection control of electromagnetic waves based on a metamaterial surface is the generalized refraction law, namely, a layer of metamaterial units with discontinuous phases is introduced in the propagation direction of the electromagnetic waves, and required phase abrupt variables are regularly provided at specific positions. The most common method for wavefront control of circularly polarized electromagnetic waves is the principle of geometric phase control, in which a phase variation amount twice the rotation angle is introduced by rotating the cell structure. The geometrical phase-based super-structure surface has a defect that for orthogonal circularly polarized incident waves, the cross-polarization phase response of emergent waves is in a conjugate state, and the wave front distribution carried by the emergent waves is reversely symmetrical. For example: a certain meta-structure surface based on geometric phase can deflect the cross polarization component of the left-handed circularly polarized wave to the direction which forms an included angle a with the emergent normal. Correspondingly, the metamaterial surface can only deflect the cross-polarized component of a right-hand circularly polarized incident wave to a direction at an angle-a to the exit normal. Meanwhile, the homopolarity component of the emergent wave cannot be utilized, and the utilization rate of the transmitted energy is greatly reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a circularly polarized four-channel independent abnormal deflection lens based on a comprehensive phase regulation principle of a geometrical phase, aiming at solving the problems that the geometrical phase regulation and control of the existing geometrical phase-based super-structured surface is limited, and the co-polarized component of an emergent wave cannot be utilized, so that the utilization rate of transmission energy is low.
The circularly polarized four-channel independent abnormal deflection lens based on the comprehensive phase regulation and control principle of the super-structure surface comprises NxN super-structure units which are arranged in a rectangular array and are based on a miniaturized frequency selection surface, wherein N is a positive integer; the superstructure unit based on the miniaturized frequency selective surface comprises five metal layers, wherein the five metal layers are three patch layers and two grid layers which are alternately arranged in a stacked mode, a dielectric layer is arranged between the two adjacent metal layers, three rectangular gaps which are parallel to each other are formed in the patch layers, and a circular through hole is formed in the center of each grid layer.
The included angles of the main shafts of the two chip mounting layers positioned at the outermost side relative to the main shaft of the chip mounting layer at the middle layer are + M degrees and-M degrees, and M is-180- +180 degrees.
The grid layer and the medium layer are both square and equal in side length, and the patch layer is rectangular and the long side of the patch layer is smaller than the side length of the medium layer.
The sum of squares of the long side and the short side of the patch layer is smaller than the square of the diagonal of the square.
The side length a of the grid layer is 8.8mm, the thickness of the dielectric layer is 1mm, and the thickness of the metal layer is 0.035 mm.
The thickness of the nanostructure element based on the miniaturized frequency selective surface is 0.14 times of the operating wavelength thereof.
The wavelength of operation of the superstructure unit of the surface is selected to be 30mm based on the miniaturized frequency.
The invention designs a super-structure unit based on a miniaturized frequency selection surface, can meet the requirements of different phase regulation and control principles by regulating different structural parameters on the unit, and generates homopolarization and cross-polarization phase responses meeting the requirements under the orthogonal circular polarization incident condition. Meanwhile, aiming at the limitation of the geometric phase regulation and control principle, the invention provides the circular polarization four-channel independent abnormal deflection lens based on the metamaterial surface comprehensive phase regulation and control principle, so that the co-polarization energy in an emergent field is effectively utilized, and the internal coupling property during the regulation and control of orthogonal circular polarization cross polarization components is broken, thereby realizing the independent abnormal deflection regulation and control of emergent electromagnetic waves carrying different polarization states.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a disassembled state of a superstructure unit based on a miniaturized frequency selective surface;
fig. 2 is a plan view of a layer of the patch;
FIG. 3 is a plan view of a mesh layer;
FIG. 4 is a far-field pattern of a co-polarized (left-handed) emergent wave with 0 degree of anomalous deflection under left-handed circularly polarized incident conditions, wherein the solid line represents the simulation results and the dashed line represents the test results;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of the near field electric field distribution of the emergent wave of FIG. 4 as a function of frequency and detection angle;
FIG. 6 is a far-field pattern of a cross-polarized (right-handed) emergent wave at-16 degree anomalous deflection under left-handed circularly polarized incident conditions, wherein the solid line represents simulation results and the dashed line represents test results;
FIG. 7 is a diagram of the near field electric field distribution of the emergent wave of FIG. 6 as a function of frequency and detection angle;
FIG. 8 is a far-field pattern of a cross-polarized (left-handed) emergent wave at-35 degrees of anomalous deflection under right-handed circularly polarized incident conditions, wherein the solid line represents simulation results and the dashed line represents test results;
FIG. 9 is a diagram of the near field electric field distribution of the emergent wave of FIG. 8 as a function of frequency and detection angle;
FIG. 10 is a far field pattern of a homopolarised (right-hand) emergent wave at-58 degrees anomalous deflection under right-hand circularly polarised incident conditions, with the solid line representing simulation results and the dotted line representing test results;
fig. 11 is a diagram showing a near-field electric field distribution of the outgoing wave in fig. 10 according to the frequency and the detection angle.
Detailed Description
The traditional geometric phase regulation and control principle can regulate and control the cross polarization component of the orthogonal circularly polarized wave beam, so that the cross polarization component can generate conjugated phase response.
The first embodiment is as follows: specifically describing the present embodiment with reference to fig. 1 to 3, the circularly polarized four-channel independent anomalous deflection lens based on the integrated phase modulation principle of the metamaterial surface according to the present embodiment includes N × N metamaterial units arranged in a rectangular array and based on a miniaturized frequency selective surface, where N is a positive integer.
The superstructure unit based on miniaturized frequency selective surface includes five metal levels, five metal levels are three-layer paster layer and two-layer net layer that range upon range of alternative setting respectively, promptly: the odd layers are patch layers from top to bottom and the even layers are grid layers. And a dielectric layer is arranged between the two adjacent metal layers. The grid layer and the medium layer are both square and equal in side length, and the patch layer is rectangular and the long side of the patch layer is smaller than the side length of the medium layer. Further, in order to ensure the rotation characteristic of the rectangular patch, the sum of squares of the long side and the short side of the patch layer is smaller than the square of the diagonal line of the square. The geometric centers of the patch layer, the grid layer and the dielectric layer are overlapped. Three mutually parallel rectangular gaps are formed in the patch layer, and miniaturization of the patch layer is achieved. The center of the grid layer is provided with a circular through hole.
Furthermore, the included angle of the main shafts of the two chip mounting layers positioned at the outermost side relative to the main shaft of the chip mounting layer at the middle layer is + M degrees and-M degrees, wherein M is-180- +180 degrees. Because two outermost patch layers generate relative included angles, a chiral factor is introduced in the structural design process, and chiral response is generated on orthogonal circularly polarized beams. In other words, the cell can generate decoupled frequency responses for left-hand and right-hand circularly polarized incident waves, namely: amplitude response and phase response. Without this angle, the cell will produce a perfectly uniform frequency response (amplitude response and phase response) when illuminated with left-and right-hand circularly polarized incident waves.
In practice, the cell size can be referred to as: the side length a of the grid layer is 8.8mm, the thickness of the dielectric layer is 1mm, and the thickness of the metal layer is 0.035 mm. Alternatively, the nanostructure elements based on the miniaturized frequency selective surface have an operating wavelength of 30mm and a thickness of 0.14 times their operating wavelength. The length and the width of the patch layer are Px and Py respectively, for miniaturization design, three parallel rectangular gaps are formed in the patch layer, the length and the width of each rectangular gap are Wx and Wy respectively, and the distance between the two gaps is g.
During specific operation, the transmission phase response introduced by the super-structure unit can be changed by changing and adjusting the size of the rectangular patch layer. In the design process of the super-structure unit, the chiral characteristics of the structure are introduced by changing the rotation angles of the two outermost patch layers, so that the chiral phase regulation and control principle is realized. And finally, introducing geometric phase response by simultaneously rotating the three layers of metal patches. Each super-structure unit can meet the requirements of different phase regulation and control principles by regulating different structural parameters on the unit, and can generate homopolar and cross-polar phase responses meeting the requirements under the orthogonal circular polarization incident condition.
Based on the generalized refraction law, the circularly polarized four-channel independent abnormal deflection lens based on the metamaterial surface comprehensive phase control principle deflects the outgoing waves of the circularly polarized four channels to 0 degree, -16 degrees, 35 degrees and 58 degrees respectively. By changing the circular polarization states of the transmitting end and the receiving end, emergent waves with different deflection angles can be obtained. As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the far-field pattern of the transmission beam is abnormally deflected by the same polarization (left-handed) under the left-handed circularly polarized wave incident condition, and the near-field electric field distribution result in the 9GHz-11GHz band. As shown in fig. 6 and 7, the cross-polarized (dextrorotatory) anomalous deflection of the far-field pattern of the transmitted beam under the condition of levorotatory circularly polarized wave incidence, and the near-field electric field distribution result in the 9GHz-11GHz band. As shown in fig. 8 and 9, under the right-hand circularly polarized wave incidence condition, the far-field pattern of the transmitted beam is abnormally deflected by cross polarization (left-hand), and the near-field electric field distribution results in the 9GHz-11GHz band. As shown in fig. 10 and 11, under the right-hand circularly polarized wave incidence condition, the far-field pattern of the transmitted beam is abnormally deflected by the same polarization (right-hand), and the near-field electric field distribution result in the 9GHz-11GHz band.
In summary, in the present embodiment, the transmission phase regulation principle and the geometric phase regulation principle are combined, the decoupling operation is performed on the conjugate geometric phase response, and the symmetric center of the geometric phase for regulating the orthogonal circularly polarized beam is changed, so that two cross polarization components generate different phase responses. Meanwhile, the co-polarization can be regulated by the transmission phase, and the co-polarization component of the orthogonal circularly polarized emergent wave generates a phase response completely independent of the cross-polarization component by regulating the unit size. Furthermore, the embodiment introduces chiral phase regulation, and introduces chiral features into the unit structure to enable the superstructure unit to generate different chiral phase responses to the same polarization components of the orthogonal circularly polarized beam, thereby realizing the decoupling operation of two same polarization phases. Based on the comprehensive regulation and control principle of the geometric phase, the transmission phase and the chiral phase, the circularly polarized four channels can be independently regulated and controlled.
In the embodiment, the generalized refraction law is combined, the emergent wavefront of the electromagnetic wave is changed by introducing the required phase jump in the electromagnetic wave propagation direction, and the required phase jump can be obtained by the following formula:
where Φ (x, y) represents the amount of phase-abrupt introduced by the superstructure unit at coordinates (x, y), λ0At the operating wavelength, θinAnd thetaoutRespectively the included angles between the incident beam and the emergent beam and the normal line. Based on the formula, the phase abrupt change amount required by designing the super-structure unit can be calculated according to the required abnormal deflection angle, so that the circularly polarized four-channel independent abnormal deflection emergent wave front is designed by utilizing a comprehensive modulation scheme of a transmission phase, a chiral phase and a geometric phase.
The implementation mode can simultaneously utilize four transmission channels of orthogonal circular polarization and carry out independent wave front regulation and control on the transmission channels. Four transmission channels refer to: a co-polarized (left-handed) exit channel during left-handed incidence, a cross-polarized (right-handed) exit channel during left-handed incidence, a cross-polarized (left-handed) exit channel during right-handed incidence, and a co-polarized (right-handed) exit channel during right-handed incidence. By changing the circular polarization states of the transmitting end and the receiving end, the transmission electromagnetic waves deflected to different directions can be obtained.
Claims (7)
1. The circularly polarized four-channel independent abnormal deflection lens based on the comprehensive phase regulation and control principle of the super-structure surface is characterized by comprising N multiplied by N super-structure units which are arranged in a rectangular array and are based on a miniaturized frequency selection surface, wherein N is a positive integer;
the superstructure unit based on the miniaturized frequency selective surface comprises five metal layers, wherein the five metal layers are three patch layers and two grid layers which are alternately arranged in a stacked mode, a dielectric layer is arranged between the two adjacent metal layers, three rectangular gaps which are parallel to each other are formed in the patch layers, and a circular through hole is formed in the center of each grid layer.
2. The circularly polarized four-channel independent abnormal deflection lens based on the integrated phase regulation and control principle of the ultrastructural surface according to claim 1, wherein the included angles of the main axes of the two chip layers positioned at the outermost side with respect to the main axis of the chip layer at the middle layer are + M ° and-M °, and M is-180 to + 180.
3. The circularly polarized four-channel independent abnormal deflection lens based on the integrated phase regulation and control principle of the nanostructured surface as claimed in claim 1, wherein the grid layer and the dielectric layer are both square and have equal side length, and the patch layer is rectangular and has a longer side smaller than the side length of the dielectric layer.
4. The circularly polarized four-channel independent anomalous deflection lens based on the integrated phase modulation principle of the nanostructured surface as claimed in claim 3, wherein the sum of the squares of the long side and the short side of the patch layer is smaller than the square of the diagonal of the square.
5. The circularly polarized four-channel independent abnormal deflection lens based on the integrated phase regulation principle of the nanostructured surface as claimed in claim 3, wherein the side length a of the mesh layer is 8.8mm, the thickness of the dielectric layer is 1mm, and the thickness of the metal layer is 0.035 mm.
6. The circularly polarized four-channel independent anomalous deflection lens based on the principle of integrated phase modulation of unstructured surfaces as defined in claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the thickness of the unstructured units based on the miniaturized frequency selective surface is 0.14 times of their operating wavelength.
7. The circularly polarized four-channel independent anomalous deflection lens based on the integrated phase modulation principle of the nanostructured surface as claimed in claim 6, wherein the operating wavelength of the nanostructured elements based on the miniaturized frequency selective surface is 30 mm.
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