CN108524945A - 一种庆大霉素改性壳聚糖的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种庆大霉素改性壳聚糖的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN108524945A
CN108524945A CN201810486007.7A CN201810486007A CN108524945A CN 108524945 A CN108524945 A CN 108524945A CN 201810486007 A CN201810486007 A CN 201810486007A CN 108524945 A CN108524945 A CN 108524945A
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chitosan
gentamicin
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李程鹏
颜婷婷
李思东
侯婷婷
欧阳茜茜
李普旺
胡章
孔松芝
程瑜
陈声
钟庆坤
权维燕
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种庆大霉素改性壳聚糖的制备方法。所述方法为氧化壳聚糖与庆大霉素在弱酸性溶液中,加热条件下发生席夫碱反应,从而制备得到由庆大霉素改性后的壳聚糖。本发明所述庆大霉素改性壳聚糖的制备方法操作简单、所用原料成本低廉,不需要复杂的设备,适合工业化批量生产;对于庆大霉素改性壳聚糖在制备抗菌药物中的应用具有重大的意义。

Description

一种庆大霉素改性壳聚糖的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及壳聚糖制备领域,更具体地,涉及一种庆大霉素改性壳聚糖的制备方法。
背景技术
在日常生活中,皮肤容易受到外界伤害和机体自身的原因而形成各种伤口,创伤感染是初期创伤病人致死的首要原因。感染过程中,细菌引起的感染是最普遍的,致病菌或条件致病菌侵入血液循环中生长繁殖,产生毒素和其他代谢产物所引起的急性全身性感染,可引起人类伤口局部化脓感染,也可引起肺炎、伪膜性肠炎、心包炎等,甚至败血症、脓毒症等全身感染等。
壳聚糖(Chitosan,CS),化学名为聚葡萄糖胺(1-4)-2-氨基-B-D葡萄糖,主要从虾蟹壳下脚料中脱乙酰后得到的一种天然碱性多糖。壳聚糖来源丰富,据估计壳聚糖的年产量为100亿吨,在天然高分子中仅次于纤维素的产量。壳聚糖具有优良的生物安全性、止血作用和促伤口愈合等性能,易制备成各种衍生物,已被广泛应用于医药、美妆领域。但是,壳聚糖自身抗菌活性不强,难以抑制高浓度的细菌生长感染,因此在医药敷料方面的应用被限制。近年来,中外许多学者通过对壳聚糖进行改性或者纳米化等处理,赋予壳聚糖其他方面的优秀性能,制备出许多新型的抗菌材料。
庆大霉素(Gentamicin,GT)是一种广谱的氨基糖苷类抗生素,通过抑制细菌蛋白质合成来达到抗菌效果,特别是对革兰氏阴性菌。庆大霉素的主要给药途径为肌注或静脉滴注,但其极易引发不良反应,如耳中毒、肾中毒、血尿,甚至过敏性休克后导致死亡等。由于易引发不良反应,庆大霉素的应用受到了极大的限制。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种庆大霉素改性壳聚糖的制备方法。本发明采用庆大霉素改性壳聚糖,将庆大霉素接枝到壳聚糖大分子链上,除了能够提高壳聚糖的抗菌性能之外,还能够使庆大霉素小分子难以透过细胞膜进入到人体细胞内,从而避免上述不良反应。庆大霉素改性壳聚糖兼具有很好的抗菌作用,又无庆大霉素的不良反应,提供一种简单的庆大霉素改性壳聚糖的制备方法对于庆大霉素改性壳聚糖的抗菌应用具有重要的推动作用。本发明所述制备方法操作简单,所用原料成本低廉,不需要复杂的设备,适合工业化批量生产。
本发明的上述目的是通过以下方案予以实现的:
一种庆大霉素改性壳聚糖的制备方法,所述方法为氧化壳聚糖与庆大霉素在弱酸性溶液中,加热条件下发生席夫碱反应,从而制备得到由庆大霉素改性后的壳聚糖。
所述反应结束后,将反应液用蒸馏水进行透析,透析3天,每天更换3~5次水;然后将产物进行冷冻干燥,即可得到庆大霉素改性壳聚糖。
优选地,所述氧化壳聚糖和庆大霉素的质量比为3:0.1~3:1。
优选地,所述氧化壳聚糖和庆大霉素的质量比为1:1。
优选地,所述弱酸性溶液的pH值为4.5-6.0。
优选地,所述弱酸性溶液的pH值为5.5;所述弱酸溶液为醋酸、乙二酸、乳酸、柠檬酸等。
优选地,所述加热温度为50℃~70℃。
优选地,所述加热温度为60℃。
优选地,所述反应时间为1~8h。
优选地,所述氧化壳聚糖由以下方法制备得到:
S1. 壳聚糖和高碘酸盐在弱酸性、无光条件下反应;
S2. 向步骤S1的反应液中添加乙二醇继续反应,带反应结束后加入沉淀剂,分离并干燥得到氧化壳聚糖。
优选地,步骤S1中壳聚糖的分子量为600kD~1000kD,脱乙酰度为85%~95%;壳聚糖与髙碘酸盐的质量比为1:0.05~1:4。
优选地,所述沉淀剂为丙酮、异丙醇、无水乙醇等。
优选地,所述氧化壳聚糖由以下方法制备得到:
S11. 首先将壳聚糖溶解于醋酸溶液中,搅拌得到壳聚糖醋酸溶液;
S12. 向上述所得的壳聚糖醋酸溶液中加入高碘酸盐溶液,在无光条件下进行反应;
S21. 将乙二醇加入到上述混合溶液中继续避光反应;
S22. 在上述反应混合溶液中加入沉淀剂,收集沉淀,常温晾干除去丙酮,再进行冷冻干燥,即可得到双醛壳聚糖粉末。
优选地,所采用的醋酸溶液的质量体积分数为1%。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
本发明所述庆大霉素改性壳聚糖的制备方法操作简单、所用原料成本低廉,不需要复杂的设备,适合工业化批量生产;对于庆大霉素改性壳聚糖在制备抗菌药物中的应用具有重大的作用。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作出进一步地详细阐述,所述实施例只用于解释本发明,并非用于限定本发明的范围。下述实施例中所使用的试验方法如无特殊说明,均为常规方法;所使用的材料、试剂等,如无特殊说明,为可从商业途径得到的试剂和材料。
实施例1
一种庆大霉素改性壳聚糖的制备方法,具体过程包括:
(1)3g壳聚糖加入到1%醋酸溶液中,搅拌过夜。配制200mL 0.3mol/L高碘酸钠溶液,将髙碘酸钠溶液慢慢滴加到壳聚糖醋酸溶液中,在30℃且避光条件下反应6小时。加入20mL乙二醇到上述混合溶液中继续避光反应2小时,加入400 mL丙酮,得到的溶液过滤,收集沉淀晾干,进行冷冻干燥,得到双醛壳聚糖粉末。
(2)双醛壳聚糖溶解在1%醋酸溶液中,调节pH为5.5,加入硫酸庆大霉素溶液,60℃下搅拌1小时;双醛壳聚糖与硫酸庆大霉素的质量比为1:1;待反应结束后,反应液用蒸馏水透析3天,每天换3次水。所得样品放入-20°C冰箱预冻,再进行冷冻干燥48小时。
图1所示为原料壳聚糖、硫酸庆大霉素和经庆大霉素改性的壳聚糖的红外谱图。其中a为可壳聚糖、b为硫酸庆大霉素、c为庆大霉素改性后的壳聚糖;通过对比三条普线可以看出小分子庆大霉素已经成功接枝到大分子壳聚糖上。
实施例2
一种庆大霉素改性壳聚糖的制备方法,具体过程包括:
(1)6g壳聚糖溶解于1%醋酸溶液,配制200mL 0.6mol/L为高碘酸钠溶液,将这2种溶液混合,在30℃且避光条件下反应4小时,再将乙二醇加入到上述混合反应中,加入500 mL丙酮,得到的溶液过滤,收集沉淀晾干,进行冷冻干燥,得到双醛壳聚糖粉末。
(2)双醛壳聚糖溶解在1%醋酸溶液中,调节PH为5.5,加入硫酸庆大霉素溶液,60°C下搅拌1小时。双醛壳聚糖与硫酸庆大霉素的质量比为1:2。反应液用蒸馏水透析3天,每天换3次水。所得溶液放入-20°C冰箱预冻,再进行冷冻干燥48小时。
实施例3
一种庆大霉素改性壳聚糖的制备方法,具体过程包括:
(1)3g壳聚糖溶解于1%醋酸溶液,配制200mL 0.6mol/L为高碘酸钠溶液,将这2种溶液混合,在30℃且避光条件下反应4小时,再将0.1mol/L乙二醇加入到上述混合溶液中继续避光反应,加入400 mL丙酮,得到的溶液过滤,收集沉淀晾干,进行冷冻干燥,得到双醛壳聚糖粉末。
(2)双醛壳聚糖溶解在1%醋酸溶液中,调节PH为5.5,加入硫酸庆大霉素溶液,60°C下搅拌1小时。双醛壳聚糖与硫酸庆大霉素的质量比为1:1。反应液用蒸馏水透析3天,每天换3次水。所得溶液放入-20°C冰箱预冻,再进行冷冻干燥48小时。
实施例4
测试实施例1~3制备的庆大霉素改性壳聚糖的抑菌效果。
(1)抑菌圈试验法:
①平板培养基制备:
将固体培养高压灭菌,冷却至70℃左右时,注入到直径为90mm的无菌玻璃培养皿内,制成约4mm厚的平板,置于4℃冰箱中待用。
②试验接种:
将试验菌种接种到液体培养基中37℃培养18h,取1mL细菌液体培养液,用无菌PBS稀释至 5×105~5×106CFU/mL,得到细菌悬浮液。取100μL细菌悬浮液滴在平板培养基上,用涂布棒饶平板均匀涂抹一周,盖好,5min后,取待测样品10μL滴加到滤纸片上,盖好培养皿,在37℃的培养箱中培养24h后,观察结果。其中壳聚糖和庆大霉素为对比例。结果如表1所示。
表1 庆大霉素改性后的壳聚糖对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌抑菌性能测试结果
从表1中可知,壳聚糖对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌具有一定的抑制作用,但是抑制作用较弱;而庆大霉素在低浓度条件下就具有很好的抑制作用,但随着浓度的增大,抑制作用也会增强,但增强的效果并不明显,且当庆大霉素的浓度越高时,其产生不良反应的概率越大。而庆大霉素改性后的壳聚糖,在相同浓度条件下,其对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑制作用与壳聚糖相比具有显著的提升,虽然抑制作用仍然弱于庆大霉素,但随着浓度的增大,庆大霉素改性后的壳聚糖的抑制作用得到明显的增强,在高浓度条件下,其抑制作用接近于庆大霉素,且不易产生不良反应。
最后所应当说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对本发明保护范围的限制,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在上述说明及思路的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动,这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明权利要求的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种庆大霉素改性壳聚糖的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法为:氧化壳聚糖与庆大霉素在弱酸性溶液中,加热条件下发生席夫碱反应,从而制备得到由庆大霉素改性后的壳聚糖。
2.根据权利要求1所述庆大霉素改性壳聚糖的制备方法,其特征在于,所述氧化壳聚糖和庆大霉素的质量比为3:0.1~1:1。
3.根据权利要求2所述庆大霉素改性壳聚糖的制备方法,其特征在于,所述氧化壳聚糖和庆大霉素的质量比为1:1。
4.根据权利要求1所述庆大霉素改性壳聚糖的制备方法,其特征在于,所述弱酸性溶液的pH值为4.5~6.0。
5.根据权利要求4所述庆大霉素改性壳聚糖的制备方法,其特征在于,所述弱酸性溶液的pH值为5.5;所述弱酸溶液为醋酸、乙二酸、乳酸、柠檬酸等。
6.根据权利要求1所述庆大霉素改性壳聚糖的制备方法,其特征在于,所述加热温度为50℃~70℃。
7.根据权利要求6所述庆大霉素改性壳聚糖的制备方法,其特征在于,所述加热温度为60℃。
8.根据权利要求1~7任一所述庆大霉素改性壳聚糖的制备方法,其特征在于,所述氧化壳聚糖由以下方法制备得到:
S1. 壳聚糖和高碘酸盐在弱酸性、无光条件下反应;
S2. 向步骤S1的反应液中添加乙二醇继续反应,待反应结束后加入沉淀剂,分离并干燥得到氧化壳聚糖。
9.根据权利要求8所述庆大霉素改性壳聚糖的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S1中壳聚糖的分子量为600kD~1000kD,脱乙酰度为85%~95%;壳聚糖与髙碘酸盐的质量比为1:0.05~1:4。
10.根据权利要求8所述庆大霉素改性壳聚糖的制备方法,其特征在于,所述沉淀剂为丙酮、异丙醇、无水乙醇等。
CN201810486007.7A 2018-05-21 2018-05-21 一种庆大霉素改性壳聚糖的制备方法 Active CN108524945B (zh)

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