CN108522116A - A kind of breeding method of new varieties tea tree - Google Patents
A kind of breeding method of new varieties tea tree Download PDFInfo
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- CN108522116A CN108522116A CN201810261738.1A CN201810261738A CN108522116A CN 108522116 A CN108522116 A CN 108522116A CN 201810261738 A CN201810261738 A CN 201810261738A CN 108522116 A CN108522116 A CN 108522116A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of breeding method of new varieties tea tree, and with Chunan County local germplasm for parent's Cultivars, according to high yield, high-quality, resistance is strong, unique, a height of breeding objective of Whitened degree selects parent.The wild turtledove hole kind albino tea of final choice and group's kind albino tea carry out artificial field miscegenation as parent, and breeding is carried out by early stage pre-chosen authentication and systematic breeding.It is influenced by this double cytogenetics, the characters of progenies that miscegenation breeding obtains is inclined to wild turtledove hole kind albino tea, in order to which the effective character for making cytogene control is utilized, with the merit with more wild varieties, select simultaneously with it is ecological, with region source, the parent of different affiliation, because parent's hereditary basis difference is different, and obtained new varieties are more easy to select and surmount parent and adaptable new varieties.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to tea tree miscegenation breeding technical fields, more particularly to a kind of to cheat kind of albino tea and group's kind with wild turtledove
The method that turtledove hole kind albino tea carries out miscegenation breeding as parent.
Background technology
" wild albino tea " the tender slightly bud-leaf in turtledove hole kind is white, like platinum, is named wild albino tea, rare discovery, tree
Type shrub type, branch open entirely, and middle period class, at leaf bottle green, blade is thicker, and young sprout is longer, and spring bud germination is stronger, tealeaves product
Matter spy is good, and the fresh refreshing degree of tender shoots leaf is special good, and turtledove hole kind albino tea is special excellent kind, and early spring children tender shoots is in white jade color, after spring tea
Phase gets higher with temperature, the gradual greening of leaf color, and spring bud germinates in late March, tree-shaped shrub type, full branch opens, yield is high, blooms
Fruiting rate is high, and tea polyphenols are high, is special good green tea kind.But yield is not high, the speed of growth is slow, and fruiting rate is not high, and root system is not
Prosperity, fruiting rate is low, and single node cutting survival rate is not high.
Group kind turtledove hole tea kind is the father of tea tree breed, and it is turtledove hole kind that, which there is the tea place more than 60% in the whole world, and its albefaction bitter edible plant
It is whitening variation kind, belongs to green tea, tree-shaped shrub type, tree performance is uprightly opened a business, and quality is excellent, and yield is high, rate of yielding positive results height.But
Whitened degree is impure, and physiological property is unstable, larger to the dependence such as temperature, environment, can be multiple green with factors such as temperature.
Selection and breeding and promote improved tea variety be improve tea yield, improve tea leaf quality a cost-effective technology arrange
It applies.Kind breeding is to cultivate a kind of approach of new variety of plant, and sexual miscegenation breeding is to utilize genetic recombination and miscegenation principle of domination,
Cultivating has this double synthesis merits, and a miscegenation variation generation is super in growth potential, reproductive capacity, resistance, yield and quality
This double phenomenon are crossed, artificial miscegenation breeding is to need Selection parent according to breeding objective, is selected for parent in conjunction with local germplasm
Kind is educated, it is adaptable strong, and it is easy popularization feature.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of breeding methods of new varieties tea tree, solve the wild albefaction bitter edible plant production in turtledove hole kind
Measure that the low, speed of growth is slow, fruiting rate is not high, root system is undeveloped, cuttage survival rate is low, but group of a tea place area kind turtledove hole kind albino tea
The technical problem that Whitened degree is impure, physiological property is unstable.
To solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a kind of breeding methods of new varieties tea tree, according to ecological, same
Region source, different affiliations select wild turtledove hole kind albino tea and group's kind turtledove hole kind albino tea to be carried out as parent respectively
Artificial field miscegenation, forms, which is characterized in that include the following steps by early stage pre-chosen authentication and systematic breeding：
(1) it the First Year 10-11 months selects two kinds of parents to carry out single variety and cuts each 50 of fringe, carry out artificial cuttage and seedling culture；
(2) the tea seedling artificial cultivation miscegenation that the next autumn obtains step (1), two kinds of tea seedlings intersect plantation；
(3) third is grown naturally to N, the tea seedling of miscegenation, and spontaneous pollination during the florescence, N is more than 3；
(4) N+1 spring, the germination degree and strain of tea tree in observation of steps (3), the single plant for selecting Whitened degree best
It marks, and secondary 200 plants of selection and breeding cuttage and seedling culture is carried out to the single plant to make marks in month current year 10-11；
(5) N+2 select 50 plants of the tea seedling that growth potential is strong, whiteness is best in step (4), and independent kind in a piece of field
Other tea trees are avoided in face；
(6) N+3 to M, the stability of tea seedling carries out strain comparison in observation of steps (5), selects that growing way is strong, hair
Seed selection original strain of the single plant that bud rate is high, tender shoots Whitened degree is stable, tender shoots cauline leaf is pure white, advantage bud head is stout and strong as new varieties,
M is more than N+3；
Preferably, above-mentioned new varieties Tea Breeding method further includes：
(7) the former strain obtained in selection step (6) carries out cuttage breeding experiment three times, and to carry out Quality Detection, resistance is reflected
It is fixed.
Preferably, the adjacent tea seedling distance 45cm in step (2).
Preferably, in step (3), 2-3 is observed to the tea seedling of miscegenation, it is not trimmed during observation.
Preferably, in step (5), the plantation distance between rows and hills of tea seedling is 140 × 40cm, 100 plants of Plant colonization.
Preferably, in step (6), former strain of choosing seeds is carried out after observing tea seedling 3-4.
Preferably, in step (6), select the tea seedling of every batch of tender shoots Whitened degree equilibrium as former strain.
Preferably, according to high yield, high-quality, resistance is strong, unique, a height of breeding objective of Whitened degree selects parent.
Preferably, parent selects the Tea Germplasm of Chunan County.
Compared with prior art, there are following technique effects by the present invention：
The present invention provides a kind of breeding method of new varieties tea tree, using the method for miscegenation breeding, selects wild turtledove hole kind
Albino tea and group's kind turtledove hole kind of albino tea are as parent progress breeding, and obtained new varieties are in growth potential, reproductive capacity, degeneration-resistant
Property, yield and quality etc. has is more than this double phenomenon, to obtain more good new varieties tea tree.
The present invention with Chunan County local germplasm for parent's Cultivars, it is adaptable strong, and be easy to promote special
Point.It is influenced by this double cytogenetics, the characters of progenies that miscegenation breeding obtains is inclined to wild turtledove hole kind albino tea, in order to make cell
The effective character of matter gene control is utilized, and with the merit with more wild varieties, while being selected with ecological, same
Region source, different affiliation parent because parent's hereditary basis difference is different, and obtained new varieties are more easy to select
Surmount parent and adaptable new varieties.
Specific implementation mode
It is described in detail below by way of specific embodiment.
The present invention provides a kind of breeding method of new varieties tea tree, with Chunan County local germplasm for parent's selection and breeding product
Kind, according to high yield, high-quality, resistance is strong, unique, a height of breeding objective of Whitened degree selects parent.The wild turtledove hole of final choice
Kind albino tea and group's kind turtledove hole kind albino tea of tea place area plantation are preselected as the artificial field miscegenation of parent progress by early stage
Identification and systematic breeding carry out breeding.It is influenced by this double cytogenetics, the characters of progenies that miscegenation breeding obtains is inclined to wild turtledove
Hole kind albino tea, in order to which the effective character for making cytogene control is utilized, with the Optimality with more wild varieties
Shape, at the same select with it is ecological, with region source, the parent of different affiliation because parent's hereditary basis difference is different, and
Obtained new varieties, which are more easy to select, surmounts parent and adaptable new varieties.
The breeding method of above-mentioned new varieties tea tree includes the following steps：
(1) it First Year 10-11 months selects two kinds of parents to carry out single variety and cuts each 50 of fringe, carry out artificial cuttage and seedling culture.
(2) the tea seedling artificial cultivation miscegenation that the next autumn obtains step (1), two kinds of tea seedlings intersect plantation, phase
Adjacent tea seedling distance 45cm.Intersect plantation convenient for two kinds of mutual spontaneous pollinations of parent during the florescence.
(3) third was to the 5th year, and the tea seedling of miscegenation grows naturally, is not trimmed to it, spontaneous pollination during the florescence,
Using genetic recombination and miscegenation principle of domination, cultivate with this double synthesis merits.
(4) the 6th year spring, the germination degree and strain of tea tree in observation of steps (3), the single plant for selecting Whitened degree best
It marks, and secondary 200 plants of selection and breeding cuttage and seedling culture is carried out to the single plant to make marks in month current year 10-11；
(5) the 7th years, 50 plants of the tea seedling that growth potential is strong, whiteness is best in step (4) is selected, independent kind in a piece of field
Other tea trees are avoided in face, to ensure the independence of breeding, avoid the interference of other tea trees.The plantation distance between rows and hills of tea seedling is 140
× 40cm, 100 plants of Plant colonization.
(6) the 8th to the 11st years, the stability of tea seedling carried out strain comparison in observation of steps (5), select growing way it is strong,
Germination percentage is high, three-dimensional germination is apparent, tender shoots Whitened degree is stable, tender shoots cauline leaf is pure white, every batch of tender shoots Whitened degree is balanced, advantage bud
Seed selection original strain of the stout and strong single plant as new varieties,
(7) the former strain obtained in selection step (6) carries out cuttage breeding experiment three times, and to carry out Quality Detection, resistance is reflected
It is fixed.
The present invention cheats kind of an albino tea with wild turtledove, group's kind albino tea carries out single variety and cuts miscegenation after fringe cuttage, by flower
The white flower degree of phase mutual spontaneous pollination, single plant further increases, and secondary cuttage is then preferentially carried out, by stringent in the observation period
Standard carry out strain comparison, select former strain of the single plant as new varieties for meeting breeding objective.
Through regional experiment, new varieties tea tree is identified and is assert, and continues vegetative propagation to carry out Quality Detection and resistance
Identification, the results show that the new varieties tea tree that the present invention cultivates has following distinguishing feature：
(1) Agronomic trait：Tree-shaped shrub type, tree performance standard-sized sheet exhibition, dark green leaf, blade is thicker, glossy, vein 7-
9 pairs, leaf-teeth are deeper, the ellipse gold of blade tip, at leaf width 3-4.5cm, a diameter of 7-10cm, internode 2-5cm, new-tip length 15-30cm.
(2) three-dimensional germination：Spring bud germinates in late March, and bud fertilizer is tender, and bud-leaf stem is pure white, white as a jade bright, and it is good to hold tender property,
First bud extra white throughout the year, the spring two, germination Whitened degree spy is good three times, and the delicate degree of bud at the beginning of summer is high, and autumn bud is delicate stout and strong.
(3) growth potential strong adaptability is strong, some plant roots are flourishing, lateral root 15 or more, the long 23cm or more of lateral root up to 8
More than item, the outer stem thickness degree of 4cm reaches 0.4cm or more from the ground, is colonized 3 years tree breadth and reaches 60cm, plant height reaches 75cm, performance growth speed
Degree is fast, adaptable, is suitable for single plant and cultivates.
(4) nursery stock cuttage survival rate is up to 97% or more.
From economic benefit, since its tea, leaf, stem are pure white, for amino acid in 6-12 or more, tealeaves is unique in taste, fragrance
Persistently, millet paste fresh characteristics, the economic benefit such as refreshing is apparent.
From the angle of development prospect, the bud whiteness time in spring is long, and germination is three-dimensional, the complete white high-quality characteristic of tender shoots base of leaf, symbol
The demand of market medium and high level client is closed, market is expected, it is contemplated that has good economic benefit and development potentiality, there is practical promotion price
Value.
Therefore, the breeding method provided through the invention, obtained new varieties are in growth potential, reproductive capacity, resistance, yield
It is more than this double phenomenon to have with quality etc., is more good tea tree.
Disclosed above is only the specific embodiment of the application, and however, this application is not limited to this, any this field
Technical staff can think variation, should all fall in the protection domain of the application.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of breeding method of new varieties tea tree, which is characterized in that according to it is ecological, close with region source, different relationship
System selects wild turtledove hole kind albino tea and group's kind turtledove hole kind albino tea to carry out artificial field miscegenation as parent respectively, through too early
Phase pre-chosen authentication and systematic breeding form, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
(1) it the First Year 10-11 months selects two kinds of parents to carry out single variety and cuts each 50 of fringe, carry out artificial cuttage and seedling culture；
(2) the tea seedling artificial cultivation miscegenation that the next autumn obtains step (1), two kinds of tea seedlings intersect plantation；
(3) third is grown naturally to N, the tea seedling of miscegenation, and spontaneous pollination during the florescence, N is more than 3；
(4) N+1 spring, the germination degree and strain of tea tree in observation of steps (3), the single plant for selecting Whitened degree best are carried out
Label, and secondary 200 plants of selection and breeding cuttage and seedling culture is carried out to the single plant to make marks in month current year 10-11；
(5) N+2, select 200 plants of the tea seedling that growth potential is strong, whiteness is best in step (4), independent kind in a piece of field face,
Avoid other tea trees；
(6) N+3 to M, the stability of tea seedling carries out strain comparison in observation of steps (5), selects that growing way is strong, germination percentage
Seed selection original strain of the single plant high, tender shoots Whitened degree is stable, tender shoots cauline leaf is pure white, advantage bud head is stout and strong as new varieties,
M is more than N+3.
2. the breeding method of new varieties tea tree as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that further include,
(7) the former strain obtained in selection step (6) carries out cuttage breeding experiment three times, to carry out Quality Detection, Resistance Identification.
3. the breeding method of new varieties tea tree as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (2) adjacent tea seedling away from
From 45cm.
4. the breeding method of new varieties tea tree as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (3), to the tea tree of miscegenation
Seedling observes 2-3, is not trimmed to it during observation.
5. the breeding method of new varieties tea tree as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (5), the plantation of tea seedling
Distance between rows and hills is 140 × 40cm, 100 plants of Plant colonization.
6. the breeding method of new varieties tea tree as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (6), observe tea seedling 3-
Former strain of choosing seeds is carried out after 4 years.
7. the breeding method of new varieties tea tree as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (6), select every batch of tender
The tea seedling of bud Whitened degree equilibrium is as former strain.
8. as claim 1-7 any one of them new varieties tea trees breeding method, which is characterized in that according to high yield, it is high-quality,
Resistance is strong, unique, a height of breeding objective of Whitened degree selects parent.
9. such as the breeding method of claim 1-7 any one of them new varieties tea trees, which is characterized in that parent selects Chunan County
Tea Germplasm.
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| CN201810261738.1A CN108522116A (en) | 2018-03-28 | 2018-03-28 | A kind of breeding method of new varieties tea tree |
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| CN201810261738.1A CN108522116A (en) | 2018-03-28 | 2018-03-28 | A kind of breeding method of new varieties tea tree |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112293129A (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2021-02-02 | 西双版纳绿景农业开发有限公司 | Blended Pu 'er tea planting method, blended Pu' er tea and preparation method thereof |
| CN115039629A (en) * | 2022-07-19 | 2022-09-13 | 安徽省农业科学院棉花研究所 | High-quality salix integra breeding method |
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| CN104756853A (en) * | 2015-03-10 | 2015-07-08 | 井冈山农业科技园管理委员会 | A hybridize breeding method for a new variety of tea tree |
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2018
- 2018-03-28 CN CN201810261738.1A patent/CN108522116A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104756853A (en) * | 2015-03-10 | 2015-07-08 | 井冈山农业科技园管理委员会 | A hybridize breeding method for a new variety of tea tree |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
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| 倪伯荣: "茶树杂交育种研究总结", 《茶业通报》 * |
| 潘根生: "《茶业大全》", 30 September 2001 * |
| 陈宗懋等: "《中国茶经》", 31 December 2011 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112293129A (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2021-02-02 | 西双版纳绿景农业开发有限公司 | Blended Pu 'er tea planting method, blended Pu' er tea and preparation method thereof |
| CN115039629A (en) * | 2022-07-19 | 2022-09-13 | 安徽省农业科学院棉花研究所 | High-quality salix integra breeding method |
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Application publication date: 20180914 |