CN104756853B - A kind of cross breeding method of new varieties tea tree - Google Patents
A kind of cross breeding method of new varieties tea tree Download PDFInfo
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- CN104756853B CN104756853B CN201510103588.8A CN201510103588A CN104756853B CN 104756853 B CN104756853 B CN 104756853B CN 201510103588 A CN201510103588 A CN 201510103588A CN 104756853 B CN104756853 B CN 104756853B
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Abstract
The invention discloses the cross breeding method of a kind of new varieties tea tree, for plant hybridization breeding field.According to high yield, high-quality, strong stress resistance, the most raw special breeding objective, selecting " golden chrysanthemum " is maternal (♀), and introducing " Anji white tea " is that male parent (♂) carries out field artificial hybridization." golden chrysanthemum " is Jiangxi rare Resources of Tea Plant kind, early non-hibernating eggs, educates bud ability by force, fast growth, well developed root system, and fruiting rate is medium, and yield is high, and winter resistance is strong, and single node cutting survival rate is high；" Anji white tea " is special, different, excellent kind, and amino acid content is high, and quality is unique, the fresh alcohol of flavour, but fruiting rate is low, and yield is medium.Compared by hybridization, Single-plant selection, vegetative propagation, strain, regional testing, select special the most raw, hold that tender property strong, three-dimensional is germinateed substantially, growing way is strong, the tea tree hybrid new breed of strong stress resistance, strong adaptability, high yield and high quality.This kind has the botany excellent characteristic of female parent, combines again the merit of Parent, and hybrid vigour is obvious, meets market and expects have good development potentiality and practical reference value.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to plant hybridization breeding field, be specifically related to " golden chrysanthemum " for cross breeding method that maternal (♀) × " Anji white tea " is male parent (♂).
Background technology
Seed selection and popularization improved tea variety are to improve tea yield, improve cost-effective technical measures of tea leaf quality.Crossbreeding is the main path that tea tree cultivates new varieties, sexual hybridization breeding is to utilize genetic recombination and hybrid vigour principle, cultivating the comprehensive merit with parent, the first generation of hybrid exceedes parents' phenomenon at growth potential, viability, reproductive capacity, resistance, yield and quality.Artificial hybridization breeding is to need Selection parent according to breeding objective, using local germplasm as parent's Cultivars, has strong adaptability and easily promotes feature；Owing to being affected by parental cells cytoplasmic inheritance, characters of progenies more tendency female parent, effective character in order to make cytogene control is obtained by, with there is more merit local varieties as female parent, select different ecological, different geographical source, the kind of different affiliation is male parent simultaneously, parent's hereditary basis difference is big, and filial generation easily selects and surmounts parent and the stronger new varieties of adaptability.
" golden chrysanthemum " is the local rare Tea Germplasm in Jiangxi, within 1987, find in Jiujiang city Xiu Shui tea science research institute, owing to its tender tip bud-leaf is yellow green, like chrysanthemum, therefore it is named golden chrysanthemum, belong to green tea, knob in rear introduction Jiangxi, not changing its characteristic because geographical environment changes, proterties is stable；Tree-shaped is shrub type, tree performance half is opened a business, middle period class, leaf ellipse, blade is presented ramp-like raw, become leaf bottle green, blade is thicker, and young sprout is longer, and spring bud is sprouted for early non-hibernating eggs, having and educate the features such as bud ability is strong, yield is high, fast growth, well developed root system, setting percentage are higher, single node cutting survival rate high, cold hardiness is strong, green tea quality is general." Anji white tea " is special, different, excellent " low-temperature sensitive type " kind, and early spring, children tender shoots raised with temperature in beautiful white, spring tea later stage, and illumination strengthens, and leaf look gradually transfers to grey alternate, and Summer-autumn tea transfers green to, belongs to green tea, early non-hibernating eggs；Tree-shaped shrub type, tree performance uprightly half the first transaction of a day's business, amino acid content is high, and quality is unique, the fresh alcohol of flavour, is weak to bubble, and yield is medium, and fruiting rate is low.
Jiangxi is the big province of Tea Production, local characteristic Tea Germplasm is abundanter, colony's variety and quality is with conspicuous characteristics, but famous-particular-excellent tea tree good variety selection is the most relatively backward, there is evening of germinateing in colony's kind, the restraining factors such as yield poorly, the excellent proterties of creative utilization characteristic group germplasm resource, seed selection amino acid content is high, the fragrance of a flower shows, strong adaptability, resistance is excellent, the most different special new tea cultivar, Devoting Major Efforts To Developing place Famous High-quality Tea kind, actively create brand, well-known tea is promoted to come into the market early to create the important topic that preferable economic benefit is Tea Breeding, will be favored by Tea Production.
Summary of the invention
Present invention solves the technical problem that it is to overcome the deficiency in the presence of female parent " golden chrysanthemum " and male parent " Anji white tea " existing feature, the cross breeding method of a kind of new varieties tea tree is provided, selected by this method " well tender tea leaves 1 " new varieties have special the most raw, hold that tender property strong, three-dimensional is germinateed substantially, growing way is strong, strong stress resistance, strong adaptability, high yield and high quality, profitable feature, more meet market and expect have good development potentiality and practical reference value.
The present invention realizes foregoing invention purpose and is adopted the technical scheme that:
In order to select the comprehensive merit of parent, the present invention have selected with golden chrysanthemum for maternal (♀), Anji white tea is that male parent (♂) carries out artificial hybridization breeding, by hybridization, Single-plant selection, vegetative propagation, strain compares, regional testing, select new varieties tea tree, this kind is hereditary, and pistillate parent learns excellent characteristic, bud-leaf yellow green, tree-shaped shrub type, tree performance half is opened a business, middle period class, blade is thicker, young sprout is longer, biological character and quality have surmounted Parent, amino acid content increases, Tea Polyphenols, caffeine content is between Parent, improve the soaking resistance of tealeaves, color and luster is fresh and alive, flavour is salubrious, have special the most raw, hold tender property strong, three-dimensional germination is substantially, growing way is strong, strong stress resistance, yield is high, superior quality feature.
A kind of cross breeding method of new varieties tea tree, it is characterized in that according to high yield, high-quality, strong stress resistance, the most raw special breeding objective, selecting place, Jiangxi Tea Germplasm " golden chrysanthemum " is maternal (♀), introducing special, different, excellent " Anji white tea " is that male parent (♂) carries out field artificial hybridization, form through preliminary election in early days, qualification and systematic breeding, comprise the steps:
(1) with Jiangxi, local rare Tea Germplasm " golden chrysanthemum " is maternal (♀), with the spy introduced, different, excellent " Anji white tea " (♂) carries out field artificial hybridization as male parent, the Parent florescence is close, and hybridization time is the full-bloom stage 10-11 month；
(2) carry out gathering after Second Year 10-11 month tea fruit maturation and species test, storage；
Seed at nursery monoseeding, is carried out protecting field covered rearing with plastic film nursery by (3) the 3rd year early spring；
Band soil Plant colonization during (4) the 4th years tea shoot one full ages, Plant colonization offspring 80 strain；
(5) again through 3-4 viewing test, 5 the most raw special individual plants, 2 individual plants the most raw, raw individual plant in 1 are selected；
(6) selecting and remain and give birth to individual plants 5 special morning, number consecutively is C1, C2, C3, C4, C5；
(7) 5 the most raw special individual plants are carried out asexual cottage propagation, stability observing, variety test of lines, proterties germination stable, three-dimensional is obvious, growing way is strong, advantage bud head is stout and strong, holds that tender property is good, strong stress resistance, yield high, quality is excellent for C1 strain, is crossbreeding target；
(8) C1 strain is carried out asexual cottage propagation and regional testing, and carry out Quality Detection, Resistance Identification etc.；In March, (9) 2014 Jiangxi Province's Crop breed audit committee Office organization expert's situ appraisal, eight the second meeting identifications of in December, 2014 Jiangxi Province's Crop breed audit committee are passed through, assert numbered " green tea 2014001 is recognized in Jiangxi ", variety name is " well tender tea leaves 1 ", it is proposed that plant in green tea producing region, Jiangxi Province.
(10) this mixing breed seed selection worked from the beginning of 1997, successively experienced by for 18 years.
The new varieties tea tree educated by the present invention has a following distinguishing feature:
1, Agronomic trait: tree-shaped shrub type, tree performance is partly carried out, and blade one-tenth gives birth to shape sideling, becomes leaf bottle green, and blade is thicker, glossy, leaf ellipse, vein 8-9 pair, and leaf-teeth are the most shallow, the pure point of blade tip, becomes a width of 3-4 of leaf, a diameter of 7-10；The long 2.5-3 of internode, new-tip length 25-28；
2, special early natural disposition and three-dimensional germination: spring bud is sprouted at early and middle ten days in March, than female parent Zao 8-10 days, than male parent Zao 5-7 days；Germinateing neat, substantially, bud-leaf is stout and strong, neat, holds tender property good in three-dimensional germination；
3, high yield and high quality: spring bud one bud three leaf hundred-bud weight 65g, summer tea one bud one leaf hundred-bud weight 17.06g, polyphenol content is medium, and amino acid content is higher, and color and taste is salubrious, resistance to bubble；
4, growth potential is strong, strong adaptability: one age plant root flourishing, side radical more than 20, side root length more than 20 reach more than 10, overhead more than stem rugosity diameter 0.5cm at 3；4 years tree fabric widths of field planting reach 80, and plant height reaches 100, shows fast growth, strong adaptability, is suitable for single-strain planting；
5, resistance: by regional testing, has the advantages such as winter resistance, strong drought resistance, resistance to lean waterlogging tolerance, disease and insect resistance, and ecological benefits are obvious；
6, nursery stock cuttage survival rate is up to more than 95%；
7, economic benefit: the special early natural disposition that spring bud is sprouted, is advanced by spring tea Time To Market, improves bright front tea yield；The most three-dimensional germination substantially, holds tender property by force, and suitable hand getting combines with mechanical picking, saves labor cost, and economic benefit is obvious；
8, development prospect: special early natural disposition that spring bud is sprouted, three-dimensional, the good quality and high output of germinateing meet market and expect, it is contemplated that have good development potentiality and practical reference value.
Detailed description of the invention
The detailed description of the invention of the present invention be described below:
One, parental source and characteristic thereof
Crossbreeding original material is that " Anji white tea " is male parent (♂) with place, Jiangxi Breeds resources " golden chrysanthemum " for maternal (♀).
" golden chrysanthemum " maternal (♀) is the local rare Tea Germplasm in Jiangxi, within 1987, find in Jiujiang city Xiu Shui tea science research institute, owing to its tender tip bud-leaf is yellow green, like chrysanthemum, therefore it is named golden chrysanthemum, belong to green tea, knob in rear introduction Jiangxi, do not change its characteristic because geographical environment changes；This kind is shrub type, tree performance half is opened a business, middle period class, leaf ellipse, blade is presented ramp-like raw, become leaf bottle green, blade is thicker, and young sprout is longer, and spring bud is sprouted for early non-hibernating eggs, having and educate the features such as bud ability is strong, yield is high, fast growth, well developed root system, setting percentage are higher, single node cutting survival rate high, cold hardiness is strong, green tea quality is general.Zhejiang " Anji white tea " male parent (♂) is special, different, excellent " low-temperature sensitive type " kind, and early spring, children tender shoots raised with temperature in beautiful white, spring tea later stage, illumination strengthens, and leaf look gradually transfers to grey alternate, and Summer-autumn tea transfers green to, belong to green tea, early non-hibernating eggs；Tree-shaped shrub type, tree performance uprightly half the first transaction of a day's business, amino acid content is high, and quality is unique, and the fresh alcohol of flavour, yield is medium, and fruiting rate is low.
Two, artificial hybridization Breeding Process
In order to select the comprehensive merit of parent and heterotic new varieties, the present invention have selected with " golden chrysanthemum " for maternal (♀), " Anji white tea " is that male parent (♂) carries out artificial hybridization breeding, compared by hybridization, Single-plant selection, vegetative propagation, strain, regional testing, select new varieties tea tree, and by named for this new varieties tea tree " well tender tea leaves 1 ".
(1) maternal flower bagging isolation: tea tree is cross-pollinatd plant, for preventing Natural cross pollinatio, selects raw well-developed bud bagging isolation on brachyplast at 10-11 month female parent full-bloom stage, and remaining bud is extractd；
(2) emasculation: maternal plant bloom before 1-2 days, with tweezers, petal is pushed aside gently, pincers remove stamen flower pesticide, thoroughly remove stamen and do not injure gynoecium；
(3) pollination: after emasculation 1-2 days, or flowering same day, the 8-10 hour morning pistil stigma secreting mucus carry out, open isolation pocket writing brush to dip in pollen and be coated in gently on column cap, having flavous pollen to column cap seen from naked eyes is that pollination terminates, and puts isolation pocket, hangs up label；
(4) managing after pollination: after pollination about 6-7 days, petal is wilting to come off, column cap brown drying shrinkage shape, now can remove isolation pocket, in order to the ovary of after fertilization is grown under field conditions (factors)；
(5) fruit picking: after fertilization strengthens technical management, promotes young fruit to be formed and grows；Carry out gathering after Second Year 10-11 month tea fruit maturation and species test, storage；
(6) sowing and nursery: seed at nursery monoseeding, is carried out protecting field covered rearing with plastic film nursery, distance between rows and hills 20 × 10cm by the 3rd year early spring；
(7) Plant colonization: band soil Plant colonization during the 4th year tea shoot one full age, distance between rows and hills 150 × 75cm, Plant colonization offspring 80 strain；
(8) individual plant selection: again through 3-4 viewing test, selects 5 the most raw special individual plants, 2 individual plants the most raw, raw individual plant in 1；Selecting and remain and give birth to individual plants 5 special morning, number consecutively is C1, C2, C3, C4, C5；
(9) vegetative propagation, strain compare: 5 the most raw special individual plants are carried out asexual cottage propagation, stability observing, variety test of lines, proterties early life stable, special, solid are germinateed substantially, growing way is strong, advantage bud head is stout and strong, hold that tender property is the best, strong stress resistance, yield high, quality excellent for C1 strain, be crossbreeding target；
(10) regional testing, new tea cultivar are identified and assert: C1 strain continues asexual cottage propagation and regional testing, and carry out Quality Detection, Resistance Identification, in March, 2014 Jiangxi Province's Crop breed audit committee Office organization expert's situ appraisal, eight the second meeting identifications of in December, 2014 Jiangxi Province's Crop breed audit committee are passed through, assert numbered " green tea 2014001 is recognized in Jiangxi ", variety name is " well tender tea leaves 1 ", it is proposed that plant in green tea producing region, Jiangxi Province.
(11) this mixing breed seed selection worked from the beginning of 1997, successively experienced by for 18 years.
Three, principal character characteristic
(1) 2014 year July 21, main biochemical composition was detected by tea quality supervision and inspection center of the Nikkei Ministry of Agriculture, spring tea polyphenol content 20.5, amino acid content 3.7, caffeine content 3.55, water extraction 47.4；Summer tea polyphenol content 25.6, amino acid content 2.6, caffeine content 3.01, Vc content 0.39.
Subordinate list 1, " well tender tea leaves 1 " and male parent, maternal main biochemical composition measurement contrast
(2) expanding numerous experimental cultivation by asexual cuttage, it is high that " well tender tea leaves 1 " appear as motility rate, growth potential strong (plant height, tree fabric width), strong stress resistance (cold-resistant, drought resisting, barren-resistant property), causes harm without obvious disease pest.
Subordinate list 2, growing way appearance condition survey table (on October 13rd, 2014)
(3) the special early natural disposition that spring bud is sprouted is at early and middle ten days in March, than female parent Zao 8-10 days, than male parent Zao 5-7 days；Germinateing neat, substantially, bud-leaf is stout and strong, neat, holds tender property good in three-dimensional germination.
Table 3, No. 1 bud one leaf of well tender tea leaves, a bud application form in tri-leaf period
It is to be noted; though the word that the present invention is contrasted detailed by examples detailed above describes; but these words describe and simply of the present invention mentality of designing are briefly described; rather than the restriction to thinking of the present invention; any combination less than mentality of designing of the present invention, increase or revise, each falling within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. the cross breeding method of a new varieties tea tree, it is characterized in that according to high yield, high-quality, strong stress resistance, the most raw special breeding objective, selecting place, Jiangxi Tea Germplasm " golden chrysanthemum " is maternal (♀), introducing special, different, excellent " Anji white tea " is that male parent (♂) carries out field artificial hybridization, form through preliminary election in early days, qualification and systematic breeding, comprise the steps:
(1) with " golden chrysanthemum " for maternal (♀), with " Anji white tea ", as male parent, (♂) carries out field artificial hybridization, and the Parent florescence is close, and hybridization time is the full-bloom stage 10-11 month；
(2) carry out gathering after Second Year 10-11 month tea fruit maturation and species test, storage；
Seed at nursery monoseeding, is carried out protecting field covered rearing with plastic film nursery by (3) the 3rd year early spring；During seeding and seedling raising, the distance between rows and hills of tea shoot is 20 × 10cm；During Plant colonization, the distance between rows and hills of tea shoot is 150 × 75cm；
Band soil Plant colonization during (4) the 4th years tea shoot one full ages, Plant colonization offspring 80 strain；
(5) again through 3-4 viewing test, 5 the most raw special individual plants, 2 individual plants the most raw, raw individual plant in 1 are selected；
(6) selecting and remain and give birth to individual plants 5 special morning, number consecutively is C1, C2, C3, C4, C5；
(7) 5 the most raw special individual plants are carried out asexual cottage propagation, stability observing, variety test of lines, proterties germination stable, three-dimensional is obvious, growing way is strong, advantage bud head is stout and strong, holds that tender property is good, strong stress resistance, yield high, quality is excellent for C1 strain, is crossbreeding target.
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| CN104957034B (en) * | 2015-07-15 | 2016-06-08 | 福建农林大学 | A kind of selection of anti-tumor function improved tea variety |
| CN108522116A (en) * | 2018-03-28 | 2018-09-14 | 魏旭红 | A kind of breeding method of new varieties tea tree |
| CN109122300A (en) * | 2018-10-17 | 2019-01-04 | 云南省农业科学院茶叶研究所 | A kind of tea tree hybridization breeding method |
| CN110885893B (en) * | 2019-09-04 | 2020-09-18 | 广东省农业科学院茶叶研究所 | Molecular marker locus located on WD-repetitive protein gene and linked with tea tree epicatechin content and application thereof |
| CN110663540A (en) * | 2019-09-27 | 2020-01-10 | 金华市农业科学研究院 | Breeding method of high-yield tea seed variety |
| CN112997797B (en) * | 2021-03-10 | 2022-10-21 | 金华市农业科学研究院(浙江省农业机械研究院) | Method for breeding improved variety of seed-leaf dual-purpose tea tree and method for breeding seed-leaf dual-purpose tea tree |
| CN113080052A (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2021-07-09 | 云南省农业科学院茶叶研究所 | Crossbreeding method of new tea tree variety |
| CN115039629A (en) * | 2022-07-19 | 2022-09-13 | 安徽省农业科学院棉花研究所 | High-quality salix integra breeding method |
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| CN101438675B (en) * | 2007-11-19 | 2012-01-04 | 常德市林业科学研究所 | Method for breeding hybrid variety of Camellia oleifera |
| US20100115651A1 (en) * | 2008-11-04 | 2010-05-06 | B&W Quality Growers, Inc. | Mutant Allele of Watercress |
| CN103891601B (en) * | 2014-03-27 | 2016-04-06 | 中国农业科学院茶叶研究所 | Tea tree artificial hybridization petal pollination method |
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