CN112997797B - Method for breeding improved variety of seed-leaf dual-purpose tea tree and method for breeding seed-leaf dual-purpose tea tree - Google Patents
Method for breeding improved variety of seed-leaf dual-purpose tea tree and method for breeding seed-leaf dual-purpose tea tree Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for breeding improved varieties of dual-purpose tea trees with seeds and leaves and a method for breeding improved varieties of dual-purpose tea trees with seeds and leaves, and aims to solve the problem of the existing method for breeding the improved varieties of dual-purpose tea trees with few seeds and leaves. The method for breeding improved seed of seed-leaf dual-purpose tea trees comprises the following steps: screening out tea trees with a hundred bud weight index as a middle section and a pistil-stamen height ratio index as a pistil height higher than or equal to a stamen height for culturing; after the screened tea trees are bred, screening out tea trees of which at least one index of the middle section is a high section, and the rest indexes are all middle sections, wherein the index of the middle section is a strength index, a tea seed diameter index, a hundred-grain weight index, a kernel-shell ratio index and an oil content index; and hybridizing the tea trees screened for the second time as male parents and female parents to obtain hybridized tea seeds. The method for breeding the tea tree with dual purposes of seeds and leaves also comprises the steps of cultivating tea trees from the tea seeds obtained after hybridization, and screening the tea trees which accord with the dual purposes of seeds and leaves. Through twice screening and comprehensive screening of multiple characters, the improved variety of the dual-purpose tea seeds with seeds and leaves can be cultivated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of cultivation of dual-purpose tea trees with seeds and leaves, and particularly relates to a method for breeding improved varieties of dual-purpose tea trees with seeds and leaves and a method for breeding dual-purpose tea trees with seeds and leaves.
Background
The tea trees are perennial woody plants of the Theaceae, the Camellia and the tea group, are widely distributed, breed abundant tea tree germplasm resources due to the unique ecological environment, have the characteristics of species diversity, ecological diversity and morphological characteristic diversity, and lay a good foundation for breeding new varieties of the tea trees. At present, tea tree resources are classified mainly according to the related agronomic characters of tea flowers and leaves and main biochemical components of leaves, and objective basis is provided for tea tree variety breeding materials taking fresh leaf picking as main economic benefits.
In recent years, it has been found that tea seed oil squeezed from tea seeds mainly contains monounsaturated fatty acids, the ratio of linoleic acid to oleic acid is 1. At present, a small amount of seed of partial improved varieties in the prior art is still used as a raw material in the production of the tea seed oil, so that the industrialization road of the tea seed oil is limited. Based on the existing rich tea plant germplasm resources, the problem of how to effectively utilize high-quality and specific resources to breed seed and leaf dual-purpose tea plant improved varieties is urgently to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for breeding improved varieties of dual-purpose tea trees with seeds and leaves and a method for breeding improved varieties of dual-purpose tea trees with seeds and leaves, and aims to solve the problems that the prior method for breeding tea trees mainly picks fresh leaves and has low fruiting amount, the method for breeding tea tree resources mainly breeds tea trees with excellent fresh leaf properties and the method for breeding improved varieties of dual-purpose tea trees with few seeds and leaves is adopted.
In order to solve the technical problem, the technical scheme adopted by the disclosure is as follows:
in a first aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for breeding improved varieties of seed-leaf dual-purpose tea trees, comprising the following steps:
s100, primary screening: screening out tea trees with a bud weight index of middle section and a pistil-pistil height ratio index of pistil-pistil height higher than or equal to pistil height for culturing;
s200, after the tea tree to be screened out for the first time is bred, screening for the second time: screening out tea trees of which at least one of the middle section indexes, namely a firmness index, a tea seed diameter index, a hundred-grain weight index, a kernel-shell ratio index and an oil content index, is a high section, and the rest indexes are all middle sections;
and S300, hybridizing the secondarily screened tea trees serving as male parents and female parents to obtain hybridized tea seeds.
In a further improved scheme, in step S100, when the first screening is performed, tea trees whose leaf color is dark green, purple green or purple red are screened out from the screened tea trees and cultured.
Based on the technical scheme, because the tea tree is dark green, purple green or purple red in leaf color, the tea seeds produced by the tea tree have good related agronomic characters such as oil content, strength, diameter, hundred-grain weight, kernel-shell ratio and the like. Therefore, the probability of obtaining tea tree parents with better agronomic characters of tea seeds can be improved through further screening of leaf colors.
In a further improved mode, in step S100, in the first screening, tea trees whose flower column division parts are located at the middle and upper parts are screened out from the screened tea trees and cultured.
Based on the technical scheme, as the flower column splitting parts are positioned at the middle part and the upper part, the tea seeds produced by the tea trees have good relevant agronomic characters such as oil content, strength, diameter, hundred-grain weight, kernel-shell ratio and the like. Therefore, the probability of obtaining tea plant parents with better agronomic characters can be improved by further screening the flower column splitting parts.
In a further improved scheme, in step S300, indexes of the female parent and the male parent which are hybridized and present as high segments do not overlap.
Based on the technical scheme, the indexes of the female parent and the male parent presenting high sections are not overlapped, so that seeds (tea seeds) integrating the indexes of the female parent and the male parent presenting high sections are more favorably hybridized, and a better seed-leaf dual-purpose tea tree variety is cultivated.
In step S300, a further improved scheme is to select a female parent and a male parent with a distant relationship to perform hybridization.
Based on the technical scheme, the female parent and the male parent which are far away from each other in genetic relationship are adopted for hybridization, so that the hybrid advantage can be further improved.
In a further improved scheme, the judgment standards of the middle section and the high section of each index are as follows: sampling the corresponding indexes, and dividing the corresponding index data obtained by sampling from a low section to a high section into a low section, a middle section and a high section.
Based on the technical scheme, the indexes corresponding to the agronomic characters of the tea trees are segmented from the low section, the middle section and the high section, so that the screening of tea tree parents is facilitated.
In a second aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for breeding a seed-leaf tea tree, comprising the steps of:
s100, primary screening: screening out tea trees with a hundred bud weight index as a middle section and a pistil-stamen height ratio index as a pistil height higher than a stamen height for culturing;
s200, after the tea tree to be screened out for the first time is bred, screening for the second time: screening out tea trees of which at least one index of the middle section is a high section, and the rest indexes are all middle sections, wherein the index of the strength, the diameter index of tea seeds, the hundred grain weight index, the kernel-shell ratio index and the oil content index are high sections;
s300, hybridizing the tea tree screened for the second time serving as a male parent and a female parent to obtain hybridized tea seeds;
s400, cultivating tea trees from the tea seeds obtained after hybridization, and screening out the tea trees meeting the requirements of dual purposes of seeds and leaves.
According to a further improved scheme, the screened tea trees which meet the dual purposes of seeds and leaves are subjected to cuttage, and the propagation scale is enlarged.
Based on the technical scheme, the agronomic characters which meet the requirement of seed and leaf dual-purpose tea trees can be reserved and screened out by cutting and enlarging the propagation scale.
In a further improved scheme, in step S100, during the first screening, tea trees with dark green, purple green or purple red leaf color are screened out from the screened tea trees and cultured.
In a further improved scheme, in step S300, indexes of the female parent and the male parent which are hybridized and present as high segments do not overlap.
In a further improved scheme, the judgment standard of the middle section and the high section of each index is as follows: sampling the corresponding indexes, and dividing the corresponding index data obtained by sampling from a low section to a high section into a low section, a middle section and a high section.
In a third aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for breeding a seed-leaf dual-purpose tea plant,
s100, screening out tea trees with a hundred bud weight index as a middle section and a pistil-stamen height ratio index as a pistil height higher than or equal to a stamen height for culturing.
And S200, hybridizing the screened tea trees serving as male parents and female parents to obtain hybridized tea seeds.
The beneficial effect of this disclosure does:
1. the bud weight index is in obvious positive correlation with leaf related agronomic traits such as leaf width, bud leaf color, leaf length, leaf size and the like; the index of the weight of the hundred buds is extremely obviously and negatively related to the related agronomic traits of the tea seeds, such as the strength, the diameter of the tea seeds, the oil content, the weight of the hundred grains, the kernel-shell ratio and the like. The method screens seed and leaf dual-purpose tea tree varieties, and the weight of the hundred buds reaches the medium. If the selection of the hundred bud weight index is low, the property requirement of the leaves cannot be met; if the bud weight index is selected to be high, the requirement of the tea seeds on the related agronomic characters cannot be met; in the method, the selection of the weight of the buds is medium, the tea trees can simultaneously meet the property requirements of leaves and tea seeds, and the tea seeds can be used as breeding parents to be beneficial to cultivating the tea seeds which simultaneously meet the property requirements of the leaves and the tea seeds.
2. The high ratio of the female stamen and the male stamen is in extremely obvious positive correlation with the related agronomic characters of the tea seeds such as oil content, diameter of the tea seeds, hundred grain weight, kernel-shell ratio and the like, and the varieties with higher ratio of the female stamen and the male stamen generally have better related agronomic characters of the tea seeds such as strength and the like; the tea trees with the related agronomic characters of the tea seeds which are also excellent can be screened out through the ratio of the male and female stamens to the height of the tea seeds. In addition, because the ratio of the weight of the bud to the height of the stamens and the stamens can be obtained in the previous period (before fructification), the tea trees with excellent related agronomic characters of the tea seeds can be screened out through the ratio of the height of the stamens and the stamens before the fructification. Tea trees with the characteristics of seeds and leaves meeting the conditions can be preliminarily screened out through the ratio of the weight of the buds to the height of the stamens and the pistils as parents to be cultivated, so that the cultivation is more accurate, the cultivation scale is reduced, and the cost is reduced.
3. After the tea plant is fruited, the related agronomic characters of the tea seeds can be directly obtained, and secondary more accurate screening can be carried out through the characters of the tea seeds. At present, no tea tree with high-stage bearing capacity index, tea seed diameter index, hundred grain weight index, kernel-shell ratio index and oil content index exists, so that when parent is screened, at least one index is high-stage, and the rest indexes are middle-stage tea trees, and the hybridization is favorable for obtaining more seed-leaf dual-purpose tea trees with high-stage indexes of tea seed related agronomic characters.
4. Through twice screening and comprehensive screening of multiple characters, tea tree parents with up-to-standard leaf and tea seed agronomic characters and good stability can be obtained, and the probability of cultivating dual-purpose tea seeds with seeds and leaves can be improved.
5. In the scheme of the third aspect, the bud weight index and the stamen-to-pistil height ratio index belong to leaf and flower indexes, the tea seed character of a parent can be deduced within about 1 year, compared with the observation of the related agronomic character of tea seeds, the screening time can be shortened by about 2 years, the screening time is shortened, and the efficiency is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present disclosure, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present disclosure and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings may be obtained from the drawings without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a systematic cluster analysis diagram of main agronomic traits and oil content of seed and leaf dual-purpose tea tree germplasm.
FIG. 2 is a phylogenetic tree diagram of a dual-purpose tea tree resource from seeds and leaves.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present disclosure. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the disclosure and are not intended to limit the disclosure. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the disclosure without inventive step, are within the scope of the disclosure.
The present disclosure aims to cultivate a variety of tea tree that can produce high economic value from both seeds and leaves of tea tree.
In a first aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for breeding improved varieties of dual-purpose tea trees with seeds and leaves, comprising the following steps:
s100, primary screening: and screening out tea trees with a bud weight index of middle section and a pistil-pistil height ratio index of pistil-pistil height higher than or equal to pistil height for culturing.
Wherein the weight of the hundred buds is the total weight of 100 fresh shoots of picked tea trees, and the unit is gram.
Wherein the aspect ratio of pistil to stamen is the aspect ratio of pistil to stamen.
As the bud weight index is in obvious positive correlation with leaf related agronomic traits such as leaf width, bud leaf color, leaf length, leaf size and the like; the bud weight index is extremely obviously negatively related to the related agronomic traits of the tea seeds such as strength, diameter of the tea seeds, oil content, grain weight and kernel-shell ratio; therefore, the seed and leaf dual-purpose tea tree variety is screened, and the weight of the hundred buds reaches the medium weight. If the selection of the bud weight index is low, the property requirement of the leaves cannot be met; if the bud weight index is selected to be high, the requirement of the tea seeds on the related agronomic characters cannot be met; therefore, the middle selection of the bud weight can simultaneously meet the property requirements of the leaves and the tea seeds; the tea seeds which can meet the requirements of leaves and tea seeds can be cultivated by using the strain as a breeding parent.
Wherein, the fruit setting capability refers to the capability of the tea plant for bearing the fruit, and the higher the fruit setting capability is, the stronger the fruit setting capability is.
The high ratio of the pistil to the stamen is in extremely obvious positive correlation with the relevant agronomic characteristics of the tea seeds such as the oil content, the diameter of the tea seeds, the hundred-grain weight, the kernel-shell ratio and the like, and the varieties with higher ratio of the pistil to the stamen generally have better relevant agronomic characteristics of the tea seeds such as the strength and the like; the tea trees with the related agronomic characters of the tea seeds which are also excellent can be screened out through the height ratio of the male and female stamens.
Because the ratio of the weight of the hundred buds to the height of the stamens and the stamens can be obtained in the previous period (before fructification), the tea trees with excellent related agronomic characters of the tea seeds can be screened out through the ratio of the height of the stamens and the stamens before fructification. Tea trees with the seed-leaf characteristics meeting the conditions can be preliminarily screened out through the ratio of the bud weight to the stamen height of the male and the female as parents for cultivation, so that the cultivation is more accurate, the cultivation scale is reduced, and the cost is reduced.
S200, after the tea tree screened for the first time is bred, screening for the second time: and screening out tea trees with at least one of the middle section of the strength index, the diameter index of tea seeds, the hundred grain weight index, the kernel-shell ratio index and the oil content index as a high section, and the rest indexes as the middle section.
After the tea trees are fruited, the related agronomic characters of the tea seeds can be directly obtained, and after the tea trees which are screened for the first time are bred, the tea seeds are screened for the second time more accurately through the characters of the tea seeds. At present, no tea tree with high-stage fruit setting strength index, tea seed diameter index, hundred-grain weight index, kernel-shell ratio index and oil content index exists, so that when parents are screened, as long as at least one index is presented as the high-stage tea tree and other indexes are presented as the middle-stage tea tree, the requirements are met, and more seed-leaf dual-purpose tea trees with high-stage indexes related to tea seeds and agronomic characters can be obtained through hybridization.
And S300, hybridizing the secondarily screened tea trees serving as male parents and female parents to obtain hybridized tea seeds.
Through twice screening and comprehensive screening of multiple characters, tea tree parents with up-to-standard leaf and tea seed agronomic characters and good stability can be obtained, and the probability of cultivating dual-purpose tea seeds with seeds and leaves can be improved.
On the basis of the above-described scheme, in step S100, in the first screening, tea trees whose leaf color is dark green, purple green, or purple red are screened out from the screened tea trees and cultured.
The leaf color comprises light green, yellow green, dark green, purple green or purple red in sequence from light to dark; the color of the tea leaves is positively correlated with the related agronomic traits of the tea seeds, i.e. the darker the color of the tea leaves, the better the related agronomic traits of the tea seeds.
Because the tea tree with dark green, purple green or purple red leaf color appears, the tea seeds produced by the tea tree have good related agronomic characters such as oil content, strength, diameter, hundred grain weight, kernel-shell ratio and the like. Because the tea tree is light green and yellow green in leaf color, the tea seeds produced by the tea tree have poor related agronomic characters such as oil content, diameter, hundred-grain weight, kernel-shell ratio and the like. Therefore, the probability of obtaining tea tree parents with better agronomic characters can be improved by further screening the leaf color.
In addition to any of the above embodiments, in step S100, in the first screening, tea trees whose flower column division parts are located at the middle and upper parts are screened out from the screened tea trees and cultured.
The flower column splitting part comprises a base part, a middle part and an upper part. The division part of the style is extremely obviously and negatively correlated with the related agronomic characters of the tea seeds formed by the tea trees. When the column split parts are positioned at the middle part and the upper part, the related agronomic characters of the tea seeds formed by the tea trees are good. When the flower column splitting part is positioned at the base part, the related agronomic characters of the tea seeds formed by the tea trees are poor.
Based on the technical scheme, as the flower column splitting parts are positioned at the middle part and the upper part, the tea seeds produced by the tea tree have good related agronomic characters such as oil content, strength, diameter, hundred-grain weight, kernel-shell ratio and the like. Therefore, the probability of obtaining tea plant parents with better agronomic characters can be improved by further screening the flower column splitting parts.
In a further improved scheme, in step S300, indexes of the female parent and the male parent which are hybridized and present as high segments do not overlap.
Based on the technical scheme, the indexes of the female parent and the male parent presenting high sections are not overlapped, so that seeds (tea seeds) integrating the indexes of the female parent and the male parent presenting high sections are more favorably hybridized, and a better seed-leaf dual-purpose tea tree variety is cultivated.
In step S300, a further improved scheme is to select a female parent and a male parent with a distant relationship to perform hybridization.
Based on the technical scheme, the female parent and the male parent which are far away from each other in genetic relationship are adopted for hybridization, so that the hybrid advantage can be further improved.
On the basis of any of the above schemes, in step S300, the indexes of the female parent and the male parent that perform hybridization appearing as high segments do not overlap.
Indexes of the female parent and the male parent which are presented as high sections are not overlapped, so that the hybrid production is more beneficial to integrating the indexes of the female parent and the male parent which are presented as high sections, and a better seed and leaf dual-purpose tea tree variety is obtained.
On the basis of any scheme, the judgment standard of the middle section and the high section of each index is as follows: sampling the corresponding indexes, and dividing the corresponding index data obtained by sampling from low to high into a low section, a middle section and a high section.
The specific low-section, middle-section and high-section distribution basis can adopt a mode of quantity average distribution; the indexes of the low section, the middle section and the high section can be adjusted according to the quantity.
In a second aspect, the present disclosure also provides a method for breeding seed-leaf tea trees, comprising the following steps:
s100, primary screening: screening out tea trees with a bud weight index of middle section and a pistil-stamen height ratio index of pistil-stamen height higher than pistil height for culturing;
s200, after the tea tree to be screened out for the first time is bred, screening for the second time: screening out tea trees of which at least one index of the middle section is a high section, and the rest indexes are all middle sections, wherein the index of the strength, the diameter index of tea seeds, the hundred grain weight index, the kernel-shell ratio index and the oil content index are high sections;
s300, hybridizing the tea tree screened for the second time serving as a male parent and a female parent to obtain hybridized tea seeds;
s400, cultivating tea trees from the tea seeds obtained after hybridization, and screening out the tea trees meeting the dual purposes of seeds and leaves.
On the basis of the scheme, the screened tea trees meeting the dual purposes of seeds and leaves are propagated in an enlarged scale through cuttage.
The tea tree is suitable for both seeds and leaves, and a worker can set corresponding indexes according to actual requirements; the agronomic characters which accord with the seed-leaf dual-purpose tea trees can be reserved and screened out by cutting and enlarging the propagation scale.
In addition to any of the above embodiments, in step S100, in the first screening, tea trees whose leaf color is dark green, purple green, or purple red are screened out from the screened tea trees and cultured.
On the basis of any of the above schemes, in step S300, the indexes of the female parent and the male parent that are subjected to hybridization appearing as high segments do not overlap.
On the basis of any scheme, the judgment standard of the middle section and the high section of each index is as follows: sampling the corresponding indexes, and dividing the corresponding index data obtained by sampling from low to high into a low section, a middle section and a high section.
In a third aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for breeding a seed-leaf dual-purpose tea plant,
s100, screening out tea trees with a hundred bud weight index as a middle section and a pistil-stamen height ratio index as a pistil height higher than or equal to a stamen height for culturing.
And S200, hybridizing the screened tea trees serving as male parents and female parents to obtain hybridized tea seeds.
The bud weight index and the stamen-pistil height ratio index belong to leaf and flower indexes, the tea seed character of a parent can be deduced within about 1 year, compared with the observation of the related agronomic characters of tea seeds, the method can shorten the screening time by about 2 years, shorten the screening time and improve the efficiency.
The method mainly aims at analyzing and screening the tea tree characters; the method for analyzing the relevance of the tea trees comprises the following steps:
1 materials and methods
1.1 materials
The tested materials are taken from a seed and leaf dual-purpose tea tree germplasm resource garden of agricultural science research institute, jinhua City, zhejiang province, the row spacing is 1.5m, the plant spacing is 1.5m, the single plant is planted, 15 plants are planted on each material, the tree age is 4 years, and the materials are managed conventionally and are shown in Table 1 in detail. Collecting fresh tender leaves, rapidly cooling with liquid nitrogen, taking back to laboratory, and placing in-85 deg.C refrigerator for use.
TABLE 1 seed and leaf two-purpose tea plant germplasm resources related information
1.2 selection and coding of Classification traits
The agronomic trait observation method refers to the description of tea plant germplasm resource traits, jiangchang Jun, tea plant breeding science [ M ]. Beijing: chinese agricultural press, 2005:37-42.
The method mainly observes and records the length of leaves, the width of leaves, the size of leaves, the shape of leaves, the color of leaves, the leaf margin, the leaf apex, the length of one bud and one leaf, the weight of one bud and one leaf and hundred buds, the color of the bud and the leaves, the hairy bud and leaf, the number of sepals, the villus of sepals, the diameter of corolla, the number of petals, the length of flower pillar, the hairy ovary, the number of flower pillar splits, the flower pillar split part, the height ratio of male and female pistils, the size of tea seeds, the shape of tea seeds, the weight of the grains and the fertility of tea plant germplasm resources. The quality character of each resource is observed repeatedly for 10 times, and the numerical character is observed repeatedly for 5 times. The detailed encoding process is shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 morphological trait selection and coding
1.3DNA extraction and quality control
Extracting genome DNA of tea trees by using an E.Z.N.A. kit, and detecting the DNA quality of an extracted sample by using 2% agarose electrophoresis and a spectrophotometer to ensure that the light absorption value OD260/OD280=1.80-2.00 of the extracted DNA, the sample concentration is more than 30 mu g/mu l, and the total amount of a single sample is more than 3 mu g.
1.4 library construction
The library was prepared starting with 1. Mu.g of DNA, purified genomic DNA was disrupted to approximately 450bp using Covarism220 sonication, and blunt ends were generated using T4-DNA polymerase. After adding an ' A ' base to the 3' end of the blunt phosphorylated DNA fragment, the adapter is ligated to the end of the DNA fragment. The desired fragment was purified by gel electrophoresis, then selectively enriched and amplified by PCR, the PCR product was subjected to recovery of the desired band using 2% agarose gel, and quantified using TBS380, bridge PCR amplification was performed, and library preparation was completed. Finally the Illumina Hiseq platform was sequenced 2 x 150bp.
1.5 quality control and Filtering of raw data
And converting the original image data obtained by sequencing into sequence data through Base Calling to obtain an original sequencing data file. And then using Trimmomatic software to perform quality control on the original sequencing data, and filtering data of the connector sequence, the low-quality reading segment, the sequence with higher N rate and the sequence with too short length to obtain high-quality data.
1.6SNP identification and annotation
After the effective sequence data are compared back to the tea tree genome through BWA software, the Bayesian model is used for screening and filtering the polymorphic sites existing in the reference sequence, and then the ANNOVAR software tool is used for annotation.
1.7 population evolutionary Tree construction
And analyzing by using Fast Tree software, and constructing an evolutionary Tree by an adjacency method.
1.8 statistical analysis
And performing basic data processing, agronomic character variation analysis, association analysis and cluster analysis by using Excel2016 and SPSS 25 software.
2 results and analysis
Variation analysis of agronomic characters and oil content of 2.128 parts of tea tree resource
The analysis result of 25 main agronomic characters of 28 tea tree resources shows that the difference among varieties is large, and different characters show diversity of different degrees among different varieties. In the investigated resources, the coefficient of variation of the number of sepals is the smallest, and the coefficient of variation of the downy trichomes of the sepals is the largest. Wherein 6 personality with variation coefficient more than 50% is sepal hair, tea seed shape, fruit bearing ability, bud leaf color, hundred grain weight and kernel-shell ratio from large to small, and 2 personality with variation coefficient less than 10% is the number of flower column divisions and sepal numbers respectively (Table 3).
TABLE 3 statistics of dual-purpose tea tree resource trait data for seeds and leaves
2.2 Correlation analysis of agricultural characters and oil content of 28 parts of tea tree resource
Correlation analysis showed that: the related characteristics of tea plant buds and leaves and tea seeds are related to other agronomic traits.
The length of one bud and one leaf is in positive correlation with the weight of the bud, the length of the leaf and the diameter of the corolla in a very obvious way.
The weight of the bud is in very obvious positive correlation with the leaf width and the diameter of a corolla, and the weight of the bud is in obvious positive correlation with the color of the bud and the leaf, the leaf length and the leaf size; the weight of the bud is obviously and negatively related to the fertility, the diameter of the tea seed and the oil content, and the weight of the bud is obviously and negatively related to the leaf color, the weight of the tea seed and the kernel-shell ratio.
The fertility is in positive correlation with the leaf color, the diameter of tea seeds, the hundred grain weight, the shape of the tea seeds, the kernel-shell ratio and the oil content, in positive correlation with the height ratio of male and female pistils, and in negative correlation with the hundred bud weight and the column division part.
The related traits of the tea seeds are in extremely obvious positive correlation, and except for the shapes of the tea seeds, the related traits of the tea seeds are in extremely obvious negative correlation or obvious negative correlation with the weight of the hundred buds, and the specific results are shown in a table 4.
TABLE 4 correlation analysis of main agronomic characters and oil content of seed-leaf dual-purpose tea tree germplasm
2.3 Agricultural character and oil content main component analysis of 28 parts of tea tree resource
In table 5, the main component analysis is performed on 26 tea tree traits, the main component is extracted by taking the characteristic root of more than 1 as a standard, the cumulative contribution rate of the first 8 main components reaches 81.771%, and the extracted first 8 main components can represent most information of the examined traits. Of the first 8 main components, the 1 st main component is the oil content; the 2 nd main component is leaf length; the 3 rd main component is the number of petals; the 4 th main component is the length of the flower column; 5, the main component is sprout fuzz; the 6 th main component is leaf margin; the 7 th main component is the color of bud leaves; the 8 th main component is ovary fuzz.
The contribution rate of the oil content of the 1 st main component is 24.221%, the characters with the characteristic vector being more than 0.6 are 7, and the oil content, the diameter of the tea seeds, the strength, the kernel-shell ratio, the hundred-grain weight, the shape of the tea seeds and the height ratio of male and female cores sequentially show that the 1 st main component is comprehensively determined by the 7 characters. The high ratio of the female stamen and the male stamen is in very obvious positive correlation with the oil content, the diameter, the hundred-grain weight and the kernel-shell ratio of the tea seeds, and is in obvious positive correlation with the fertility and the shape of the tea seeds, so that the variety with the female stamen higher than the male stamen is generally stronger in fertility and better in properties of the tea seeds.
The contribution rate of the 2 nd principal component leaf length is 16.575%, the leaf length contribution of the characteristic vector factor is the largest, and the leaf width, the bud weight, the leaf size, the one-bud one-leaf length and the flower crown diameter are sequentially arranged. The weight of the bud is in extremely obvious positive correlation with the characteristics of one bud, one leaf length and the like, and is in extremely obvious negative correlation with the bearing capacity, the diameter of the tea seeds and the oil content, and the method shows that the increase of the weight of the bud is usually accompanied with the decrease of the bearing capacity and the oil content.
The contribution rates of the 3 rd, 4 th, 5 th, 6 th, 7 th and 8 th main components are respectively 10.167%, 8.66%, 6.639%, 5.819%, 5.205% and 4.485%, and the contribution rates of the characteristic vector factors are respectively the largest according to the number of petals, the length of a flower column, the hair of bud leaves, the leaf margin, the color of the bud leaves and the hair of ovary. Wherein the 3 rd, 4 th and 8 th main components mainly reflect the flower characteristics of the tea tree, and the 5 th, 6 th and 7 th main components mainly reflect the bud and leaf characteristics of the tea tree.
As the main components which have great contribution to the variation need to be comprehensively considered, the genotype difference and the classification characteristics among breeding materials can be fully realized. The cumulative contribution rate of the No. 1 and No. 2 main components is 40.797%, and the strength of the tea tree and the bud weight in the characteristic vector factor are in extremely obvious negative correlation and have certain relevance. The method comprehensively considers a plurality of characters in the 1 st and 2 nd main components, better distinguishes germplasm resources, and determines key evaluation factors and key breeding characters.
TABLE 5 principal component analysis of dual-purpose tea plant germplasm resources
2.3 Cluster analysis based on main agronomic characters and oil content of tea tree resources
Systematic cluster analysis of the major agronomic traits and oil content in tea plant resources showed that 28 tea plant resources were divided into four broad groups at euclidean distance D =10 (figure 1). The difference in the weight of the bud, color of the bud and leaf, leaf shape, leaf color, leaf tip, diameter of the corolla, ovary hair, height ratio of male and female stamens, fertility, seed diameter, weight of the hundred grains, seed shape, seed-to-shell ratio and oil content of tea trees between different groups was significant (table 6).
Group I has 5 parts of resources, with a weight average of 14.904g of the buds but a strength of 0, and yellow green or green color of the buds and leaves. The cluster bud leaves have the advantages of reasonable properties and no fruit setting, and can be used as parents of tea tree varieties for leaves.
The II group has 6 parts of resources, the oil content is the highest, and the average value is 31.98%; the mean value of the weight of the hundred buds is 10.78g, the mean value of the fruit setting power is 1.83, the mean value of the seed diameter is 13.72mm, the mean value of the weight of the hundred grains is 53.55g, and the mean value of the kernel-shell ratio is 1.02, which are all in a medium level, but the variation coefficients of the fruit setting power and the weight of the hundred grains are the largest compared with other groups, so that the fruit setting power and the weight of the hundred grains can be used as parents of seed-leaf dual-purpose tea trees, but careful screening is needed.
Group III has 15 parts of resources, the highest strength and the highest ratio of kernel to shell, and the average values are 2.6 and 1.5 respectively; the weight of the bud is the lowest, the average value is 10.35g, but the obvious difference is not achieved; the average weight of hundred grains is 91.74g, the average diameter of the seeds is 13.63mm, the average oil content is 30.98%, the average oil content is in a medium level, and the oil content can be fully utilized as a high-quality parent of a dual-purpose tea tree with seeds and leaves.
The IV group has 1 part of resources, the diameter and the hundred weight of the seeds are the highest, and the average values are 16.30mm and 148g respectively; the weight of the bud is 11.83g, the mean value of the fructification is 1, the mean value of the kernel-shell ratio is 1.18, and the mean value of the oil content is 31.01 percent, which are all in a medium level. The tea seeds have large and full grains, can be used as parents of dual-purpose tea trees of seeds and leaves, and need to be carefully screened.
TABLE 6 statistics of main agronomic characters and oil contents of various clustering groups of seed and leaf dual-purpose tea tree germplasm
2.4 division standard of main agronomic characters and oil content of tea tree resources
According to the analysis results of the agronomic characters and the oil content of the tea tree resources, the corresponding classification standards of the agronomic characters and the oil content related to the seeds and leaves are obtained, and are shown in the table 6.
TABLE 7 division standard of main agronomic characters and oil content of seed and leaf dual-purpose tea tree germplasm resources
Because the weight of the bud is extremely obviously and negatively related to the related agronomic characters of the tea seeds, the seed and leaf dual-purpose tea tree variety is screened, and the weight of the bud is moderate.
2.5 population genetic analysis
Referring to fig. 2, evolution analysis of 28 tea tree resources was performed based on the developed SNP sites, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed. As can be seen from the evolutionary tree, 28 tea plant resources are divided into 2 groups. The I category comprises 6 varieties which account for 21.43 percent, and No. 13, no. 17 and No. 26 in the screened excellent resources belong to the category group; class ii includes 22 varieties, accounting for 78.57%, and elite resource nos. 16, 24 and 28 belong to this group. According to the hybridization advantages of female parent and male parent which are far from genetic relationship, 18 hybridization combinations are made, and the variety with dual-purpose seeds and leaves and excellent comprehensive properties is created.
The present disclosure is not limited to the above alternative embodiments, and any other various forms of products may be obtained by anyone in the light of the present disclosure, but any changes in shape or structure thereof fall within the scope of the present disclosure, which is defined by the claims of the present disclosure.
Claims (8)
1. A method for breeding improved variety of seed-leaf dual-purpose tea trees is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s100, primary screening: screening out tea trees with a hundred bud weight index as a middle section and a pistil-stamen height ratio index as a pistil height higher than or equal to a stamen height for culturing;
s200, after the tea tree to be screened out for the first time is bred, screening for the second time: screening out tea trees with at least one index of a strength index, a tea seed diameter index, a hundred grain weight index, a kernel-shell ratio index and an oil content index as a high section, and all the other indexes as a middle section;
s300, hybridizing the secondarily screened tea trees serving as male parents and female parents to obtain hybridized tea seeds;
the judgment standards of the middle section and the high section of each index are as follows: and sampling the corresponding indexes, and dividing the corresponding index data obtained by sampling from a low section to a high section into a low section, a middle section and a high section.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in the first screening step S100, tea trees having dark green, purple green or purple red leaves are screened and cultured.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein in the first selection in step S100, tea trees having flower column division parts located at the middle and upper parts of the selected tea trees are selected and cultured.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S300, the indexes of the high-stage of the female parent and the high-stage of the male parent for hybridization do not overlap.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the female parent and the male parent are selected to be hybridized with each other in step S300.
6. A method for breeding seed and leaf dual-purpose tea trees is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s100, primary screening: screening out tea trees with a hundred bud weight index as a middle section and a pistil-stamen height ratio index as a pistil height higher than a stamen height for culturing;
s200, after the tea tree to be screened out for the first time is bred, screening for the second time: screening out tea trees of which at least one of the middle section indexes, namely a firmness index, a tea seed diameter index, a hundred-grain weight index, a kernel-shell ratio index and an oil content index, is a high section, and the rest indexes are all middle sections;
s300, hybridizing the tea tree screened for the second time serving as a male parent and a female parent to obtain hybridized tea seeds;
s400, cultivating tea trees from the tea seeds obtained after hybridization, and screening out the tea trees meeting the dual purposes of seeds and leaves;
the judgment standards of the middle section and the high section of each index are as follows: and sampling the corresponding indexes, and dividing the corresponding index data obtained by sampling from a low section to a high section into a low section, a middle section and a high section.
7. The method for breeding the seed-leaf tea tree according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (5) for the screened tea trees meeting the dual purposes of seeds and leaves, expanding the propagation scale through cuttage.
8. A method of selectively breeding tea plant with both seed and leaf according to claim 6, wherein in the first screening in step S100, tea plants having dark green, purple green or purple red leaf color are screened out from the screened tea plants and cultured.
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