CN108518693B - Hazardous solid waste plasma innocuity disposal system and method - Google Patents

Hazardous solid waste plasma innocuity disposal system and method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108518693B
CN108518693B CN201810283476.9A CN201810283476A CN108518693B CN 108518693 B CN108518693 B CN 108518693B CN 201810283476 A CN201810283476 A CN 201810283476A CN 108518693 B CN108518693 B CN 108518693B
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section
plasma
interface
gas
flue gas
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CN108518693A (en
Inventor
关雷
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Beijing Weichang Equipment Technology Co., Ltd.
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Beijing Junji Environmental Science And Technology Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/10—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating electric
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/006—Layout of treatment plant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
    • F23J15/022—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow
    • F23J15/025—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow using filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/06—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of coolers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
    • F23G2201/30—Pyrolysing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2204/00—Supplementary heating arrangements
    • F23G2204/20—Supplementary heating arrangements using electric energy
    • F23G2204/201—Plasma
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
    • F23J2215/30—Halogen; Compounds thereof
    • F23J2215/301—Dioxins; Furans
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2217/00—Intercepting solids
    • F23J2217/10—Intercepting solids by filters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/30—Technologies for a more efficient combustion or heat usage

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of hazardous solid waste plasma innocuity disposal system and methods.Plasma gasification melting furnace of the invention is used for coagulation, obtains molten mass slag and flue gas, reforming combustion room is for further carrying out two stage treatment to flue gas.The present invention can advantageously recycle the poisonous and harmful substances such as heavy metal, Leaching of Heavy Metals concentration leaches standard well below toxicity, it can be used as construction material or roadbed material use, and without flying dust secondary pollution, simultaneously effective control pernicious gas (such as, dioxin, foul smell) generation, and the harmful components in the flue gas enabled to be down to it is lower.

Description

Hazardous solid waste plasma innocuity disposal system and method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of hazardous solid waste innoxious process for treating, in particular to a kind of hazardous waste removal rate is more High plasma innocuity disposal system and method.
Background technique
With the acceleration of process of industrialization, rapid development of economy, living standards of the people are generally improved, cities and towns permanent resident population It increases rapidly, while consuming the energy and resource, also produces a large amount of domestic waste.Since domestic waste produces Rapid development is measured, in addition China starts late to the management control of domestic waste, therefore domestic waste is innoxious Handling rate is also lower, is far from satisfying requirement of the people to good ecological environment.Since a large amount of house refuse is by outdoor heap It puts or simply fills, bring significant damage to the living environment of the mankind.
A variety of methods and approach are formd with practice by long-term research, at the domestic waste being commonly used Reason technology is broadly divided into three categories: resource reclaim processing, Biochemical method (landfill, compost) and heat treatment (are burned, pyrolysis gas Change).
Plasma is defined as the monoid gas of electrification and neutral particle, they show collective behavior.Plasma Can according to the temperature difference between degree of ionization and heavy particle and electronics, by plasma be divided into Athermal plasma and heat it is equal from Daughter.The characteristics of hot plasma be it is approximately equal between heavy particle and electron temperature, have high temperature, high-energy density etc. all More advantages.The hot plasma that electricity generates can achieve 10000 DEG C or more of temperature, can crack any organic matter.Due to this A reason, heat plasma technology have been applied to waste processing.
For example, CN107816720A discloses a kind of dangerous waste object burning and drying integrated processing system comprising danger is useless Object pretreatment system, incineration system and anhydration system；The hazardous waste pretreatment system includes the pretreatment punching being sequentially connected Wash area, analysis and identification area and hazardous waste storage area.But the system still cannot be complete for the harmful components in hazardous waste Full removal.
Summary of the invention
To solve the above-mentioned problems, the further investigation that the present invention is carried out in the harmless treatment of hazardous solid waste, and mention For a kind of new technology of hazardous solid waste plasma harmless treatment, with higher harmful components removal rate.Specifically Ground, the present invention include the following contents.
An aspect of of the present present invention provides hazardous solid waste plasma innocuity disposal system comprising feed system, Plasma gasification melting furnace, reforming combustion room, heat-exchange system, smoke gas treatment system and exhaust system, in which:
The feed system is used to the hazardous solid waste being fed to the plasma gasification melting furnace；It is described etc. Plasma torch is arranged in gas ions melting furnace, for making the hazardous solid waste fusion and gasification, obtain molten mass slag and Flue gas；Plasma torch is arranged in the reforming combustion room, obtains reforming flue gas for handling the flue gas；The heat-exchange system For exchanging the heat of the reforming flue gas to circulation, while obtaining cooled flue gas；The smoke gas treatment system is used Air is purified in purifying the cooled flue gas；The exhaust system is for being discharged the purification air.
In certain embodiments, the smoke gas treatment system includes quenching apparatus.
In certain embodiments, the reforming combustion room include the gas inlet being arranged from top to bottom, the first expansion segment, First equal straight sections, the first contraction section, the second expansion segment, round corner section, ash collection section and lime-ash outlet, in the round corner section Yan Shui Square to being sequentially connected the second equal straight sections, the second contraction section and synthesis gas or exhanst gas outlet outward；And the reforming combustion room It further include the first group interface and the second group interface, first group interface is set to described for connecting plasma torch One expansion segment, second group interface are set to the round corner section for connecting fuel nozzle and/or plasma torch.
In certain embodiments, the section of first expansion segment is circle, and is gradually expanded from top to bottom, expansion half Angle is 10-30 degree；Described first equal straight sections are cross-section cylinder；The section of first contraction section is circle, and from top to bottom It gradually tapers up, contraction half-angle is 40-60 degree；The section of second expansion segment is circle, and is gradually expanded from top to bottom, is expanded Half-angle is 10-30 degree；The round corner section is equal tee structure, and top is connect with second expansion segment, lower section and the ash The connection of slag collection section, horizontal direction wait one end of straight sections to connect with second；The ash collection section is to shrink cone, shrinks half-angle and is 10-30 degree, for collecting the lime-ash of flue gas generation；The lime-ash outlet is circular section pipeline, for excluding lime-ash；Described second Equal straight sections are cross-section cylinder；The synthesis gas or exhanst gas outlet are contraction section, and contraction half-angle is 30-50 degree.
In certain embodiments, second group interface includes first interface, second interface and third interface, and described The setting substantially symmetrical about its central axis that first interface and third interface wait straight sections along described second, the second interface are equal straight along described second The central axis setting of section, and the first interface connects with the angle of the second interface and the second interface with the third The angle of mouth is respectively 60 degree.
In certain embodiments, the reforming combustion room further comprises air intlet group.
In certain embodiments, first group interface connects multiple plasma torch, the second group interface connection Multiple fuel nozzles and/or plasma torch and the air intlet group include multiple air intlets.
Another aspect of the present invention provides the method for Solid Waste Treatment, for based on danger of the present invention The method of solid waste plasma innocuity disposal system comprising controlling the indoor operating temperature of the reforming combustion is 950 DEG C or more and the flue gas residence time in furnace are 2.0 seconds or more.
In certain embodiments, the temperature for controlling flue gas in the heat-exchange system is 600 DEG C or more.
In certain embodiments, the method for the present invention includes make flue-gas temperature at 1 second in the smoke gas treatment system Inside it is chilled to 200 DEG C or less.
The removal rate of system and method for the invention with harmful components such as higher dioxin in garbage processing procedure, Tail gas safe qualified discharge is to atmosphere.In addition, the chilling slag that plasma gasification melting plant generates, glassy state slag is much Lower than the above hazardous waste Leaching standard, it is truly realized hazardous waste zero-emission.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of schematic diagram of exemplary hazard solid waste plasma innocuity disposal system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a kind of structural schematic diagram of exemplary reforming combustion room of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a kind of arrangement schematic diagram of exemplary first expansion segment plasma torch interface of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a kind of arrangement schematic diagram of exemplary second expansion segment air intlet of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the arrangement schematic diagram of a kind of exemplary round corner section fuel nozzle of the present invention or plasma torch interface.
Description of symbols
100- assay room, the locker room 200-, 300- feed system, 400- plasma gasification melting furnace, 500- weight Whole combustion chamber, 600- heat-exchange system, 700- smoke gas treatment system, 800- exhaust system；
410- plasma torch, the import of 420- gas supply, 430- air supply system, 440- molten mass Slag treatment device, 610- are followed Ring water system, 710- quenching apparatus, 720- deacidifying device, 730- device for recycling sewage, 740- bag filter, 810- air inducing Machine, 820- adsorbent equipment, 830- chimney；
The straight sections such as 510- gas inlet, the first expansion segment of 520-, the first group interface of 521-, 530- first, 540- first are received Contracting section, the second expansion segment of 550-, 551- air intlet group, the round corner section 560-, the second group interface of 561-, 570- ash collection section, Straight sections, the second contraction section of 591-, 592- synthesis gas or the exhanst gas outlets such as the outlet of 580- lime-ash, 590- second.
Specific embodiment
The existing various exemplary embodiment that the present invention will be described in detail, the detailed description are not considered as to limit of the invention System, and it is understood as the more detailed description to certain aspects of the invention, characteristic and embodiment.
It should be understood that it is to describe special embodiment that heretofore described term, which is only, it is not intended to limit this hair It is bright.In addition, for the numberical range in the present invention, it is thus understood that specifically disclose the range upper and lower bound and they it Between each median.Median and any other statement value in any statement value or stated ranges or in the range Lesser range is also included in the present invention each of between interior median.These small range of upper and lower bounds can be independent Ground includes or excludes in range.
Unless otherwise stated, " section " refers to the section of horizontal direction.About "and/or" used herein, Including any of the things or whole combinations.
" solid waste " of the present invention is sometimes referred to simply as " solid waste ", refers in production, life and other active procedures Though solid, the semisolid for losing original utility value or do not lose utility value but be abandoned or abandon of middle generation. Classification by source, solid waste may include industrial solid wastes, municipal refuse, agricultural wastes and solid radiation.By chemistry Compositional classification, solid waste may include debirs and inorganic wastes.Classify by hazard conditions, solid waste may include harmful useless Object and general waste.Preferably, solid waste of the invention is debirs.Debirs refer to using organic matter as main component Waste, but this does not imply that debirs do not include any inorganic constituents.Preferably, debirs of the invention include 20 Weight % is hereinafter, it is preferred that 15 weight % inorganic constituents below, such as inorganic salts and dust etc..It is highly preferred that solid waste For hazardous solid waste, such as the solid waste containing heavy metal and organic murder by poisoning object.It is further preferred that hazardous waste of the invention Including the waste identified by one of following standards: hazardous waste authentication technique specification HJ/T 298-2007, hazardous waste identify Standard general rule GB5085.7-2007, hazardous waste judging standard toxic chemical content identify GB5085.6-2007, hazardous waste Judging standard reactivity identifies GB5085.5-2007, hazardous waste judging standard inflammability identifies GB5085.4-2007, danger Waste judging standard leaching characteristic identification GB5085.3-2007, hazardous waste judging standard acute toxicity primary dcreening operation GB5085.2- 2007, hazardous waste judging standard corrosivity identifies GB5085.1-2007.
" hazardous waste plasma innocuity disposal system " of the invention referred to as " system " or " big system ", refers to sometimes The combination being made of different device, equipment or subsystem.Unless otherwise stated, constituting the device of system in the present invention, setting Standby or subsystem be it is known in the art, can by conventional methods, such as purchase obtain." subsystem " refers to structure in the present invention At a part of " big system " of the present invention.In the present invention, the physics modes such as pipeline, circuit can be passed through between each " subsystem " Connection, can also connect by other means.
System of the invention has the function of two-stage treatment.Heretofore described " processing " refers to high temperature (for example, 950 DEG C More than) under to treatment of wastes produced.Optionally, meaning of the processing comprising gasification and melting.Plasma gasification melting of the invention Furnace is used for coagulation, obtains molten mass slag and flue gas, reforming combustion room is for further carrying out two stage treatment to flue gas.This hair Bright system can advantageously poisonous and harmful substances such as curing heavy metal, simultaneously effective control hypertoxic gas (for example, dioxin) Generation, and the harmful components in the flue gas enabled to be down to it is lower.The present invention by using plasma high-temperature technology, And pass through the composition and structure of rational design system, so that the removal rate of residual harmful ingredient in flue gas is improved, it is especially thorough The poisonous and harmful substances such as furans and dioxin are destroyed at bottom.
An aspect of of the present present invention provides hazardous solid waste plasma innocuity disposal system comprising feed system, Plasma gasification melting furnace, reforming combustion room, heat-exchange system, smoke gas treatment system and exhaust system.Optionally, of the invention System further include molten mass Slag treatment device, locker room, assay room, air supply system, control system, data acquisition and point Analysis system, safety supervision system and power supply system etc..The following detailed description of each subsystem or device.
[feed system]
Feed system in the present invention is used to hazardous solid waste being fed to plasma gasification melting furnace.Preferably, Feed system may include reception and the caching function of dangerous solid waste.In certain embodiments, mainly by temporary, crushing compatibility It is formed with equipment such as feedings.Any feed system known in the art can be used.
[plasma gasification melting furnace]
Plasma torch is arranged in plasma gasification melting furnace of the invention, for making hazardous solid waste fusion and gasification, Molten mass slag and flue gas are obtained, is the capital equipment of ash melting technique.The setting position of plasma torch and quantity is not special It does not limit, can adjust as needed.Preferably, the quantity of plasma torch is even number.Preferably, plasma gasification melts Furnace is lining refractories in steel plate cylinder body.Plasma gasification melting furnace can effectively destroy the nocuousness such as the dioxin in lime-ash Ingredient, while the toxic heavy metal element in lime-ash can be cured as glassy state slag by plasma gasification melting furnace.Solidification Glass tower slag afterwards can be used as building and paveio(u)r uses.Flue gas obtained in plasma gasification melting furnace is (herein Sometimes referred to as " gas ") enter reforming combustion room.
[reforming combustion room]
Reforming combustion room of the invention is provided with plasma torch, for reforming to obtained flue gas, is reformed Flue gas.Preferably, reforming combustion room includes the straight sections such as the gas inlet being arranged from top to bottom, the first expansion segment, first, the first receipts Contracting section, the second expansion segment, round corner section, ash collection section and lime-ash outlet are sequentially connected the in round corner section outward in the horizontal direction Second-class straight section, the second contraction section and synthesis gas or exhanst gas outlet.Wherein reforming combustion room further includes the first group interface and second Group interface, the first group interface are set to the first expansion segment, the second group interface is for connecting fuel for connecting plasma torch Nozzle and/or plasma torch, are set to round corner section.
Gas inlet of the invention is used to connect one end of smoke pipeline, and the other end of smoke pipeline can connect a combustion room, thus The flue gas that one combustion room generates is imported into reforming combustion room.The shape of gas inlet is not particularly limited.Preferably, gas inlet is circle Cross section pipe.The connection type of gas inlet and smoke pipeline is not particularly limited, for example, can pass through flanged joint etc..
The section of first expansion segment of the invention can be any shape, for example, triangle, circle, ellipse, polygon Deng preferably circular.First expansion segment gradually expands from top to bottom, and expansion half-angle is 10-30 degree, preferred 15-25 degree, more preferably 16-24 degree, most preferably 20 degree.Expansion half-angle it is too small or it is excessive for flue gas enter flow direction have an adverse effect, be unfavorable for cigarette The mixing of gas.First expansion segment has smallest cross-sectional and maximum cross-section, and the area of maximum cross-section is the 2:5 of the area of smallest cross-sectional Times, preferably 3 times, to be more advantageous to the mixing of flue gas.
The equal straight sections of of the invention first are set to the lower section of the first expansion segment, are preferably arranged in vertical.It is preferably One section of cross-section cylinder.In vertical direction, it is 2.5-1.5 that the length of the first expansion segment, which waits the length ratio of straight sections with first: 1, preferably 2:1.
First contraction section of the invention is set to below the first equal straight sections, and the section of horizontal direction is circle, and from upper It being gradually tapered up under and, contraction half-angle is 40-60 degree, preferred 43-55 degree, more preferable 45 degree.The section of first contraction section is not special It limits, it can be preferably circular for triangle, circle, ellipse, polygon etc..First contraction section is with maximum secting area and most Small cross-sectional area, and the area of maximum cross-section is 1.5:2.5 times of area of smallest cross-sectional, preferably 1.8 times, to be more advantageous to cigarette The mixing of gas.
In reforming combustion room of the invention, in vertical direction, the length of the first equal straight sections and the length of the first contraction section The ratio between be 2.5-1.5:1, preferably 2:1.
Second expansion segment of the invention is set to below the first contraction section.Second expansion segment gradually expands from top to bottom, expands Opening half-angle is 10-30 degree, preferably 15-25 degree, preferably 20 degree.The section of second expansion segment horizontal direction is not particularly limited, and can be Triangle, circle, ellipse, polygon etc., it is preferably circular.Second expansion segment has maximum secting area and minimum sectional area, And the area of maximum cross-section is 1.5:2.5 times of area of smallest cross-sectional, and preferably 1.8 times, to be more advantageous to the mixing of flue gas.
In reforming combustion room of the invention, in vertical direction, the length of the length of the first contraction section and the second expansion segment The ratio between be 1:2.5-3.5, preferably 1:3.
In the present invention, the straight sections such as the first expansion segment, first, the first contraction section and the second expansion segment constitute expansion-receipts converging/diverging The structure opened, can effectively inhibit the generation of big separation vortex, avoid excessive air from contacting with plasma torch high-temperature region, drop significantly The generation probability of low NOx.
Round corner section of the invention is preferably equal tee, and the second expansion segment is arranged in top, and ash collection section is arranged in lower section, The straight sections such as side setting second.
Ash collection section of the invention is preferably contraction section, for collecting the solid lime-ash generated in reforming combustion room to ash Slag outlet.It waits straight sections to be discharged by synthesis gas or exhanst gas outlet via second through the purified smart synthesis gas in reforming combustion room, enters Subsequent purification equipment.
The equal straight sections of of the invention second are preferably cross-section cylinder, and length is not particularly limited.Synthesis gas or exhanst gas outlet For contraction section, contraction half-angle is 30-50 degree, preferably 45 degree.Preferably, synthesis gas or exhanst gas outlet and flue gas purification system pipe Road connection.
Reforming combustion room of the invention includes the first group interface and the second group interface, and the first group interface is for connecting plasma Body torch is set to the first expansion segment.In certain embodiments, the first group interface includes even number interface, such as 2,4 A, 6,8,10,12,14,16,18 or 20 interfaces.These interfaces are uniformly arranged on the first expansion segment, and Each interface is vertical with the expansion conical surface.In certain embodiments, each interface in the first group interface can all connect plasma Body torch, or only part of interface connects plasma torch.In certain embodiments, each interface in the first group interface is whole Connect plasma torch, and by part or all of plasma torch can it is pent in a manner of be arranged.
In the present invention, the second group interface is set to round corner section for connecting fuel nozzle and/or plasma torch.? In certain embodiments, the second group interface includes multiple interfaces, for example including first interface, second interface and third interface.It is excellent The setting substantially symmetrical about its central axis that selection of land, first interface and third interface wait straight sections along second, second interface is along the second equal straight sections Mandrel setting, and the angle of the angle and second interface of first interface and second interface and third interface is respectively 60 degree.That is, 3 interfaces are arranged in second group interface, and fan-shaped arrangement arranges 60 degree of angle.In certain embodiments, in the second group interface Multiple interfaces are all connected with fuel nozzle.In certain embodiments, multiple interfaces in the second group interface are all connected with plasma Torch.In certain embodiments, a part connection plasma torch in multiple interfaces of the second group interface, a part connection combustion Expect nozzle.In certain embodiments, a part in multiple interfaces of the second group interface is not connected with any fuel nozzle or waits Gas ions torch.
In the present invention, it is preferable that reforming combustion room further comprises air intlet group.Preferably, it is set to the second expansion Open section.Preferably, air intlet group includes even number air intlet, for example, 4,6,8,10,12,14,16 A, 18,20 air intlets.Preferably, these interfaces are uniformly distributed in the second expansion segment, and each interface and the expansion conical surface hang down Directly.
The selection of the length ratio of reforming combustion room entire length of the invention, bore and each composition part is conducive to really Protect the time that flue gas stops 2s or more in reforming combustion room.The cooperation of first contraction section and the second expansion segment, can be oxygen-enriched Under conditions of burning, the air being passed through is made not generate big whirlpool, contact excessive air with plasma torch, generated additional harmful Nitrogen oxides.
Reforming combustion room of the invention is for handling flue gas.Have the function of second-time burning and purification two kinds, first layer etc. from Daughter high-efficient purification harmful components, oxygen-enriched combusting synthesis gas, the few then blowing air of synthesis Gas content, refuelling, synthesis gas do not contain Amount is high, then needs blowing air, (synthesis Gas content height is then needed through more air refuelling, and large quantity of air can make flue-gas temperature It reduces, therefore wants refuelling burning additional heat).
Although as described above, each composition part of reforming combustion room is described, it is known to those skilled in the art that above-mentioned each Composition part can it is integrally formed or it is prefabricated be independent part, be then connected as one by connection means.The reality of connection means Example includes welding, threaded connection etc..
The settable fire-resistant heat insulating material of reforming combustion chamber interior of the invention, shell can be the steel construction shell of 20G production.
[heat-exchange system]
Heat-exchange system of the invention obtains cooling cigarette for exchanging the heat of reforming flue gas to circulation Gas.Heat-exchange system includes heat exchanger tube.The outlet high-temperature flue gas of reforming combustion room pass through heat exchanger, with heat exchanger tube into Row heat exchange, flue-gas temperature are reduced to 500 DEG C or more, preferably 600 DEG C or more, and recirculated water after heat exchanger cooling by being recycled. It should be noted that it is important that the temperature of flue gas, which is 500 DEG C or more, especially 600 DEG C or more, in control heat-exchange system.If Temperature is too low at this time, then is unfavorable for the reduction of harmful components, especially dioxin in final gained gas.
[smoke gas treatment system]
Smoke gas treatment system of the invention is purified air for purifying the cooled flue gas.Preferably, smoke gas treatment System includes selecting quenching apparatus, deacidifying device, bag filter and adsorbent equipment.
Present invention discover that the setting of quenching apparatus not only makes flue gas be quickly cooled to low temperature, it is even more important that chilling dress The setting set avoids the generation again of dioxin-like chemical.Preferably, quenching apparatus is set as making in the chilling period of < 1s The temperature of flue gas be down to 200 DEG C hereinafter, it is preferred that 180 DEG C hereinafter, more preferable 170 DEG C hereinafter, further preferably 160 DEG C or less.More preferably Ground, quenching apparatus are chilling spraying device.At this point, being used for the rapid cooling of flue gas, and water mist mixes whereabouts together with flue gas In the process, vaporization is completed, bottom does not have sewage generation.It is further preferred that quenching apparatus is directly cooling using atomizer Mode, flow through the flue gas in device and directly contacted with the liquid sprayed into after atomization, mass transfer velocity and heat transfer rate are very fast, spray into Liquid rapid vaporization take away a large amount of heat, flue-gas temperature is able to be rapidly decreased to 200 DEG C hereinafter, to can avoid dioxin The generation again of substance.Preferably, quenching apparatus is set as the temperature that controllable flue gas enters deduster, by controlling chilling The spouting liquid of device guarantees the cloth bag input gas temperature at 200 DEG C hereinafter, preventing into flue gas is excessively high or too low influence cloth bag The operation of deduster.
In the present invention, deacidifying device is used to remove most of acidic materials and the ultrafine dust in flue gas.Preferably, depickling Device wet scrubbing deacidification purification device.This is because the content in view of sour gas is higher, to ensure that environment protection emission is up to standard, This design can be used to improve tail gas clean-up efficiency.
In the present invention, bag filter is used to remove the dust particles in flue gas.Bag filter is preferably capable removing Dust size at 0.05 μm or more, efficiency of dust collection up to 99% or more bag filter.More preferably by PTFE+PTFE overlay film material Bag filter made of expecting.This is because deduster made from this material has high temperature resistant, resistance to acid and alkali, hydrolytic resistance, resists The advantages of oxidisability.In cleaner, sack cleaner has more advantage compared to other cleaners, especially using dry method or In person's semidry method deacidifying process, sack cleaner serves not only as cleaner, and in removal flue gas other harmful substances matter it is anti- Device is answered, is the key equipment of vent gas treatment.Reasonably select and design filtration velocity, filter pocket material, the deashing of sack cleaner Mode and control technology all will affect gas cleaning effect.
Adsorbent equipment is for adsorbing remaining dioxin-like chemical and mercury in flue gas.Preferably, after sack cleaner Flue gas pipeline be equipped with adsorbent equipment.Adsorbent equipment is activated carbon adsorption device.
[exhaust system]
Exhaust system preferably includes air-introduced machine and chimney in the present invention.Any exhaust system known in the art can be used.
Air-introduced machine includes impeller, casing, air inlet, adjusting door, rotating group etc..For the economy for considering blower.Air-introduced machine Chain with negative-pressure detector, adjust automatically revolving speed is to ensure negative pressure in furnace.It is made of high temp anti-corrosion material, frequency control can Rotation speed of fan is adjusted as needed, it can energy saving 35%.The air quantity and wind pressure of air-introduced machine press exhaust gas volumn and system equipment resistance Type selecting is dropped, and is furnished with 20% allowance.
Any chimney known in the art can be used in chimney, it is preferred to use according to " dangerous waste incineration contamination control mark It is quasi- " chimney of (GB18484-2001) design.Preferably, chimney material includes Q235-B and inner lining glass fiber reinforced plastic, it is ensured that chimney Service life.The design of chimney meets complete equipment applying working condition.By " particulate matter measurement and gaseous state are dirty in the exhaust of solid pollution source Contaminate the object method of sampling " requirement of (GB/T16157-1996), permanent thieff hatch is set, and installs and set for what is sampled and measure It applies.Lightning rod is arranged in chimney top, is connected with ground lightning arrester, ground resistance is less than 4 Ω.
[molten mass Slag treatment device]
Molten mass Slag treatment device of the invention be can screening device, be used to receive recycling molten mass slag.Preferably, it melts Body Slag treatment device is set to below plasma gasification melting furnace.The molten mass slag that system of the invention obtains has heavy metal Good fixed effect, Leaching of Heavy Metals concentration leach standard well below toxicity, can be used as construction material or roadbed material Material uses.The compactness of slag greatly improves after melt process, reaches volume reduction effect, mitigates the land occupation burden of landfill stabilization.
[locker room]
Locker room of the invention be can screening device for storing hazardous solid waste be set to the front end of feed system. Preferably, it is designed as that locker room's opening can be automatically turned on according to the charging situation of feed system.Ability can be used in the present invention Any locker room known to domain.
[assay room]
Assay room of the invention be can screening device, for analyzing hazardous solid waste.It is set as can be from locker room Or feed system sampling, and carry out assay.Known any assay room can be used in the present invention.
[air supply system]
Air supply system of the invention be can screening device, for plasma gasification melting furnace supply.Preferably, gas supply system System includes air air-supply and compressed air system.Air supply air system is conveyed into combustion chamber by low noise high pressure blower, and air is logical It crosses special air blast beak multistage and feeds reforming combustion room, burning required air quantity is provided.Supply air system includes being passed through by air blower Pipeline introduces reforming combustion room.Blower uses variable-frequency motor, and air quantity is adjustable, chain with fire box temperature, air quantity automatic adjustment.Compression The confession that air system is mainly used for instrument, instrument, flame detector, atomization compressed air gives control.
[sewage disposal system]
It may also include sewage disposal system in system of the invention.For the supply and waste water outlet for guaranteeing full station-service wetting system Qualified discharge, water treatment unit is separately provided.The high concentration that waste water is mainly generated by wet process deacidifying device in process route NaCl solution.The impurity that depickling waste water contains is mainly solid suspension, chloride and micro heavy, wherein many substances For the first pollutant for requiring strict control in national environmental standard, waste water, which has to pass through processing, just can be carried out discharge.Technique 1 set of complete chemical water treatment system is arranged in route alternative, removes waste water by the methods of oxidation, neutralization, precipitating, cohesion In pollutant.
[power supply system]
In the present invention, any system known in the art is can be used in power supply system.Preferably, the electric part of power supply system It is designed as being calculated according to actual power consumption amount by the 80% of general power.
[control system]
In the present invention, any kind of control system can be used.It is system known in the art.Preferably, it controls System is robot control system(RCS) comprising gasification and melting equipment operation control system (including feeding control system, vaporized state are controlled automatically System, flue-gas-cooling system automatic control, gas cleaning automatic control, supplementary controlled system and dump control), alarm system System, emergency safety anti-explosive system and ancillary works control system etc..
It should be noted that in order to further control the content of gained harmful substances in flue gas, it is preferable that of the invention It may also include in system and the flying dust from reformation combustion chamber, heat-exchange system, deduster be recycled to locker room, thus further It is recycled to plasma gasification melting furnace.
Another aspect of the present invention provides the method for Solid Waste Treatment, sometimes referred to simply as " method of the invention ", It is the method based on hazardous solid waste plasma innocuity disposal system of the present invention.The method of the present invention includes Control the indoor operating temperature of the reforming combustion be 950 DEG C or more, preferably 1000 DEG C or more, for example, 1100 DEG C, 1200 DEG C, 1300 DEG C and the flue gas residence time in furnace are 2.0 seconds or more.
In certain embodiments of the present invention, the temperature for controlling flue gas in heat-exchange system is 500 DEG C or more, preferably 600 DEG C or more.The temperature of flue gas is higher for keeping low harmful components to be advantageous in heat-exchange system, but if excessively high, It then will affect heat exchange influence.Preferably, the temperature of flue gas is 1200 DEG C hereinafter, it is preferred that 1000 DEG C or less in heat-exchange system.
In certain embodiments of the present invention, the method for the present invention includes make flue-gas temperature 1 in smoke gas treatment system Second in be chilled to 200 DEG C hereinafter, it is preferred that 190 DEG C hereinafter, more preferable 180 DEG C hereinafter, further preferably 170 DEG C or less.The means of chilling Quenching apparatus as described above can be used, be chilled to the temperature or less in 1 second as long as can be realized.It is no longer superfluous herein It states.
Embodiment 1- hazardous solid waste plasma innocuity disposal system 1
Fig. 1 is a kind of schematic diagram of exemplary hazard solid waste plasma innocuity disposal system.As shown in Figure 1, The system of the present embodiment include assay room 100, locker room 200, feed system 300, plasma gasification melting furnace 400, Reforming combustion room 500, heat-exchange system 600, smoke gas treatment system 700 and exhaust system 800.
Assay room 100 is designed as sampling from locker room 200, and carries out assay.It is dangerous solid built in locker room 200 Body waste, and be designed as that the desired amount of hazardous solid waste is supplied to feed system 300 as needed.Feed system 300 will endanger Dangerous solid waste is supplied to plasma gasification melting furnace 400.Plasma gasification melting furnace 400 is provided with plasma torch 410 connect air supply system 430 with gas supply import 420, gas supply import.The molten mass slag that plasma gasification melting furnace 400 obtains It is melt melt body Slag treatment device 440.
The flue gas that plasma gasification melting furnace 400 obtains enters reforming combustion room 500 by pipeline.Flue gas is carried out herein It reforms.It reforms obtained flying dust and locker room 200 is recycled back to by pipeline, and travel further into plasma gasification melting furnace 400 It is handled.
It reforms obtained flue gas and heat-exchange system 600 is entered by pipeline, and transfer heat to circulation herein 610, while controlling the flue-gas temperature in heat-exchange system 600 is 500 DEG C or more.The flying dust that heat-exchange system 600 obtains passes through Pipeline is recycled back to locker room 200, and travels further into plasma gasification melting furnace 400 and handled.
Cooling flue gas in heat-exchange system 600 enters smoke gas treatment system 700.Smoke gas treatment system 700 includes chilling Device 710, deacidifying device 720, device for recycling sewage 730 and bag filter 740.Quenching apparatus 710 is anxious in the present embodiment Cold spray device can make the temperature of flue gas be down to 200 DEG C or less in < 1s.Water mist mixes whereabouts together with flue gas simultaneously In the process, vaporization is completed, bottom hardly has sewage generation.
Flue gas is purified through smoke gas treatment system 700 and enters exhaust system 800.Exhaust system 800 includes air-introduced machine 810, adsorbent equipment 820 and chimney 830.
Embodiment 2- hazardous solid waste plasma innocuity disposal system 2
Other than not including assay room 100, locker room 200 and adsorbent equipment 820, remaining composition and embodiment 1 It is identical.
The structure of embodiment 3- reforming combustion room
Fig. 2 is a kind of structure of exemplary reforming combustion room of the present invention.As shown in Fig. 2, the reforming combustion room of the present embodiment Including straight sections 530, the first contraction section 540, second such as the gas inlet 510, the first expansion segments 520, first that are arranged from top to bottom Expansion segment 550, round corner section 560, ash collection section 570, lime-ash outlet 580, further include round corner section in the horizontal direction outward according to Secondary connection second waits straight sections 590, the second contraction section 591 and synthesis gas or exhanst gas outlet 592.The reforming combustion room of the present embodiment It further include the first group interface 521 setting up and down, the second group interface 561 and air intlet group 551.
In the reforming combustion room of the present embodiment, gas inlet 510 is circular section pipeline, (not by flange and smoke-intake pipe road Show) connection.First expansion segment, 520 section is circle, is gradually expanded from top to bottom, and expansion half-angle is 20 °.First equal straight sections 530 be one section of cross-section cylinder.First contraction section, 540 section is circle, is gradually tapered up from top to bottom, and shrinking half-angle is 40 °.The Two expansion segments, 550 section is circle, is gradually expanded from top to bottom, and expansion half-angle is 20 °.Round corner section 560 is equal tee.Lime-ash Collection section 570 is a contraction cone, and shrinking half-angle is 20 ° or so, for collecting the lime-ash of flue gas generation.Lime-ash outlet 580 is circle Cross section pipe, for excluding lime-ash.Second equal straight sections 590 are one section of cross-section cylinder.Synthesis gas or exhanst gas outlet 591 are to shrink Section, shrinking half-angle is 45 °.Outlet 592 is connect with flue gas purification system pipeline (not shown).
Fig. 3 is a kind of arrangement schematic diagram of exemplary first expansion segment, 520 plasma torch interface of the present invention.Such as Fig. 3 institute Show, 6 interfaces are arranged altogether, are evenly arranged at 520 middle part of the first expansion segment for the setting of the first group interface 520, interface and the expansion conical surface Vertically.
Fig. 4 is a kind of arrangement schematic diagram of exemplary second expansion segment, 550 air intlet of the present invention.As shown in figure 4, air 12 interfaces are arranged altogether, are evenly arranged, interface is vertical with the expansion conical surface at 550 middle part of the second expansion segment for the setting of import group 551.
Fig. 5 is the arrangement schematic diagram of a kind of exemplary round corner section fuel nozzle of the present invention or plasma torch interface.Such as Fig. 5 Shown, 3 interfaces are arranged at 560 middle part of round corner section in the setting of the second group interface 561 (fuel nozzle or plasma interface) altogether, Fan-shaped arrangement arranges 60 ° of angle.
Fire-resistant heat insulating material is arranged in the reforming combustion chamber interior of the present embodiment, and shell is the steel construction shell of 20G production.
Embodiment 4- hazardous solid waste plasma method for innocent treatment
By taking the system of embodiment 2 as an example, illustrate hazardous solid waste plasma method for innocent treatment of the invention.Tool Body is as follows:
(1) air-introduced machine 810 is opened first, residual gas and other flammable explosive gas in furnace is absorbed, after preventing igniting Explosion.
(2) plasma torch 410 slowly increases in-furnace temperature.
(3) solid waste send feeding device to enter and carries out fusion and gasification in melting furnace 400 by screw(-type) feeder through hydraulic thrust Pyrolysis.
(4) synthesis gas burns in reforming combustion room 500, on the one hand makes micro-content organism and not pyrolysis completely in synthesis gas Dioxin sufficiently decomposed, decomposition efficiency is more than 99.99%, the H in another aspect synthesis gas2It is generated with CO full combustion H2O and CO2。
(5) flue gas that reforming combustion room comes out enters heat-exchange system 600, exchanges heat with heat exchanger tube, flue gas temperature Degree is reduced to 500 DEG C or more, and recirculated water after heat exchanger cooling by being recycled.
(6) 600 exiting flue gas of heat-exchange system enters smoke gas treatment system 700, removes remaining a small amount of two evil in flue gas English, acidic materials and flue dust.
(7) final clean gas is discharged into atmosphere by air-introduced machine 810, adsorbent equipment 820 and chimney 830.
(8) particle that reforming combustion room 500, heat-exchange system 600 and 740 generate is sent into locker room 200 by blower, Grain is further recycled to plasma gasification melting furnace 400, and the molten mass of melting furnace bottom is entered after heating plasma melts Slag treatment device 440 (water quenching machine), the glass dregs that water quenching machine generates are recycled.
Without departing substantially from the scope or spirit of the invention, the specific embodiment of description of the invention can be done more Kind improvements and changes, this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Other realities obtained by specification of the invention Applying mode for technical personnel is apparent obtain.Present specification and embodiment are merely exemplary.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of hazardous solid waste plasma innocuity disposal system, which is characterized in that including feed system, plasma Melting furnace, reforming combustion room, heat-exchange system, smoke gas treatment system and exhaust system, in which:
The feed system is used to the hazardous solid waste being fed to the plasma gasification melting furnace；
The plasma gasification melting furnace is made of lining refractories in steel plate cylinder body, and plasma torch is arranged, for making The hazardous solid waste fusion and gasification, obtains molten mass slag and flue gas；
Plasma torch is arranged in the reforming combustion room, obtains reforming flue gas, the reforming combustion room for handling the flue gas Including the gas inlet, the first expansion segment, straight sections, the first contraction section, second expansion segment, turning such as first being arranged from top to bottom Section, ash collection section and lime-ash outlet are sequentially connected second in the round corner section outward in the horizontal direction and straight sections, second are waited to shrink Section and synthesis gas or exhanst gas outlet；
The heat-exchange system obtains cooled flue gas for exchanging the heat of the reforming flue gas to circulation；
The smoke gas treatment system is purified air for purifying the cooled flue gas；
The exhaust system is for being discharged the purification air.
2. hazardous solid waste plasma innocuity disposal system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the cigarette Gas governing system includes quenching apparatus.
3. hazardous solid waste plasma innocuity disposal system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described heavy Whole combustion chamber further includes the first group interface and the second group interface, and first group interface is arranged for connecting plasma torch In first expansion segment, second group interface is set to described turn for connecting fuel nozzle and/or plasma torch Angle section.
4. hazardous solid waste plasma innocuity disposal system according to claim 3, which is characterized in that described The section of one expansion segment is circle, and is gradually expanded from top to bottom, and expansion half-angle is 10-30 degree；First equal straight sections are etc. Section cylinder；The section of first contraction section is circle, and is gradually tapered up from top to bottom, and contraction half-angle is 40-60 degree；It is described The section of second expansion segment is circle, and is gradually expanded from top to bottom, and expansion half-angle is 10-30 degree；The round corner section is isometrical Three-port structure, top are connect with second expansion segment, and lower section is connect with the ash collection section, and horizontal direction waits straight with second One end connection of section；The ash collection section is to shrink cone, and contraction half-angle is 10-30 degree, for collecting the lime-ash of flue gas generation； The lime-ash outlet is circular section pipeline, for excluding lime-ash；Described second equal straight sections are cross-section cylinder；The synthesis gas or Exhanst gas outlet is contraction section, and contraction half-angle is 30-50 degree.
5. hazardous solid waste plasma innocuity disposal system according to claim 3, which is characterized in that described Two group interfaces include first interface, second interface and third interface, and the first interface and third interface are along described second etc. The setting substantially symmetrical about its central axis of straight section, the second interface is arranged along the central axis of the described second equal straight sections, and the first interface Angle with the angle of the second interface and the second interface and the third interface is respectively 60 degree.
6. hazardous solid waste plasma innocuity disposal system according to claim 3, which is characterized in that described heavy Whole combustion chamber further comprises air intlet group.
7. hazardous solid waste plasma innocuity disposal system according to claim 4, which is characterized in that described One group interface connects multiple plasma torch, and second group interface connects multiple fuel nozzles and/or plasma torch and institute Stating air intlet group includes multiple air intlets.
8. a kind of method for Solid Waste Treatment, for based on dangerous solid according to claim 1-7 The method of waste plasma innocuity disposal system comprising controlling the indoor operating temperature of the reforming combustion is 950 DEG C More than and flue gas in furnace residence time be 2.0 seconds or more.
9. according to the method described in claim 8, the temperature for wherein controlling flue gas in the heat-exchange system is 600 DEG C or more.
10. method according to claim 8 or claim 9 makes flue-gas temperature at 1 second including in the smoke gas treatment system Inside it is chilled to 200 DEG C or less.
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