CN1085116C - 二氧化碳选择性氧化甲烷制乙烷和乙烯催化剂 - Google Patents

二氧化碳选择性氧化甲烷制乙烷和乙烯催化剂 Download PDF

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CN1085116C
CN1085116C CN96119470A CN96119470A CN1085116C CN 1085116 C CN1085116 C CN 1085116C CN 96119470 A CN96119470 A CN 96119470A CN 96119470 A CN96119470 A CN 96119470A CN 1085116 C CN1085116 C CN 1085116C
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methane
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CN1178719A (zh
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徐奕德
陈长林
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Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics of CAS
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Abstract

一种用于CO2选择性氧化甲烷制C2烃的稀土氧化物/氧化锌催化剂,其载体ZnO为粒度5~100nm的纳米级微粒,活性组分稀土氧化物最好为La2O3,且活性组分含量占催化剂1~50%。该催化剂于800~850℃下可使CO2与CH4反应高选择性(>90%)的转化为C2烃,甲烷转化率可>3%。该方法为利用甲烷资源提供一条可实现工业化的新途径。

Description

二氧化碳选择性氧化甲烷制乙烷和乙烯催化剂
本发明提供一种可用于CO2选择性氧化甲烷制乙烷和乙烯的稀土氧化物/ZnO催化剂及该合成反应。
甲烷直接转化为C2烃,尤其是乙烯,是天然气利用的有效途径之一。以氧气为氧化剂的甲烷直接氧化转化为C2烃,由于氧气在反应温度下的高反应活性致使C2烃的进一步的深度氧化不可避免,而使C2烃的选择性不高。最近,Kryliv等人[Newdevelopments in Selective Oxidation II,159(1994)]发现CO2可以作为一种有效的选择性氧化剂氧化烃类物质,但用于甲烷与CO2经催化转化选择性地获得合成气(CO+H2)。Asami等人[Appl.catal.A,126,245(1995)]发现在一些单组分稀土氧化物催化剂上,甲烷与CO2的反应转化为C2烃的选择性在30%左右,C2烃的收率低于1.5%。
本发明的目的是提供一种用于CO2选择性氧化甲烷制乙烷和乙烯的催化剂,利用这种催化剂,甲烷与CO2在高温下反应可高选择性的转化为C2烃,甲烷转化率可大于3%,C2烃的选择性大于90%。
本发明的用于CO2选择性氧化甲烷制C2烃的催化剂是以ZnO为载体担载稀土氧化物作为活性组分,其特征在于载体ZnO为超细的纳米级微粒,平均粒度为5~100nm。所用的稀土氧化物为La、Ce、Sm、Pr或Yb稀土元素中的一种或几种混氧化物,其中以La2O3的催化活性最高。稀土氧化物的重量含量为1~50%,其较佳为5~30%。
本发明催化剂的制备可采用浸渍法,用纳米级微粒ZnO浸渍稀土硝酸盐水溶液,并按常规技术进行干燥和焙烧处理即可制得成品催化剂。上述焙烧可在700~850℃下进行1~5小时,以获得较高的活性和稳定性。
使用本发明的催化剂进行CH4与CO2反应前还应在800~850℃下用惰性气体,例如He或N2氧吹扫0.5~3小时,然后即可在该温度下通反应气(CH4+CO2)进行反应。
下面通过实例对本发明的技术给予进一步地说明。
实施例1
用5~100nm的ZnO浸渍硝酸镧水溶液方法制备,并于800C空气中处理3~5小时,制得催化剂。甲烷与CO2的催化转化反应在连续进料固定床石英反应器(内径6~8mm)中进行。催化剂在850℃用He气吹扫0.5~1.5小时,然后通反应气(CH4+CO2)开始反应。反应产物经在线气相色谱分析计算时假定CO2中的碳仅转变为CO,甲烷中的碳转变为C2烃和CO。其不同La2O3含量的催化剂上反应结果列于表1。
表1不同La2O3含量的La2O3/ZnO上CH4-CO2反应结果
催化剂        转化率(%)   C2烃选择性(%) 乙烯/乙烷(La2O3含重量%)CH4   CO21%               2.0    3.1         96.0          0.510%              2.1    3.7         96.9          0.520%              3.1    5.4         90.6          0.730%              2.9    5.5         91.2          0.750%              2.5    5.3         90.7          0.6
GHSV=1800ml/gh,850℃,大气压,CH4/CO2=2(摩尔比),4小时反应结果。
实施例2
利用实例1所述方法制备出含20%La2O3的催化剂,并利用实例1的反应装置进行CH4+CO2反应,其反应压力和进料气的摩尔比对在20%La2O3/ZnO上CH4-CO2反应影响的结果列于表2。
表2反应压力和进料气摩尔比的反应结果
  转化率(%)  C2烃选择性(%)  乙烯/乙烷
  CH4  CO2a     3.1    5.4     90.6             0.7b     3.2    9.0     97.0             2.2c     3.0    2.4     92.5             0.7d     3.8    5.0     90.8             1.9GHSV=1800ml/gh,850℃,4小时反应结果a:CH4/CO2=2(mol/mol),大气压b:CH4/CO2=2(mol/mol),0.1MPac:CH4/CO2=1(mol/mol),大气压d:CH4/CO2=1(mol/mol),0.1MPa
实施例3
利用实例1所述方法制备出不同稀土氧化物/ZnO催化剂,其CH4-CO2反应结果列于表3。
表3 ZnO担载的不同稀土氧化物上CH4-CO2反应结果比较催化剂             转化率(%) C2烃选择性(%)
              CH4  CO220%Al2O3/ZnO  3.1    5.4    90.620%Yb2O3/ZnO  5.6    6.8    62.920%Sm2O3/ZmO  5.3    6.0    73.6
GHSV=1800ml/gh,850℃,大气压,CH4/CO2=2(摩尔比),4小时反应结果
比较例1
按实例1所述反应方法和装置,CH4/CO2在单组分La2O3、普通ZnO担载20%La2O3、本发明的ZnO担载20%La2O3及不同氧化物担载20%La2O3上的反应结果的比较示于表4。
表4 CH4+CO2在不同氧化物担载的20%La2O3催化剂上反应结果比较催化剂           转化率(%)  C2烃选择性(%)乙烯/乙烷
              CH4  CO2La2O3          1.4    4.4      40.5         0.3La2O3/ZnO(a)   2.5    7.8      59.6         0.6La2O3/ZnO(b)   3.1    5.4      90.6         0.7La2O3/SnO2    4.5    12.7     10.4         0.3La2O3/Cr2O3  12.5   47.7     0.0          ---La2O3/TiO2    8.0    32.5     1.4          ---La2O3/CaO      2.4    6.8      42.0         0.4
反应条件:GHSV=1800ml/gh;850℃;大气压。
(a)普通ZnO担载20%La2O3;(b)本发明的ZnO担载20%La2O3
由上述实例和比较例的结果可以看到,本发明ZnO担载的稀土特别是La2O3催化剂上利用CO2可高选择性地将甲烷转化为C2烃。这对于利用甲烷资源开发出可行的工业化过程具有重要意义。

Claims (5)

1.一种用于CO2选择性氧化甲烷制C2烃的稀土金属氧化物催化剂,其特征在于载体为纳米级ZnO微粒,活性组分为稀土氧化物,且稀土氧化物的重量含量为1~50%。
2.按照权利要求1所述的稀土氧化物催化剂,其特征在于ZnO为粒度为5~100nm的微粒。
3.按照权利要求1所述的稀土金属氧化物催化剂,其特征在于活性组分为La2O3
4.按照权利要求1,2,3所述的稀土金属氧化物催化剂,其特征在于活性组分稀土氧化物的含量为5~30%。
5.一种权利要求1所述的稀土金属氧化物催化剂在CO2与CH4反应制C2烃中的使用方法,其特征在于催化剂在使用前于800~850℃下用惰性气体吹扫0.5~3小时后,再通入反应气进行反应。
CN96119470A 1996-10-09 1996-10-09 二氧化碳选择性氧化甲烷制乙烷和乙烯催化剂 Expired - Fee Related CN1085116C (zh)

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU1353768A1 (ru) * 1985-11-18 1987-11-23 Томский государственный университет им.В.В.Куйбышева Способ получени этилена
DE3826552A1 (de) * 1987-08-05 1989-02-16 Inst Francais Du Petrole Verfahren zur umwandlung von methan in hoehere kohlenwasserstoffe
EP0582004A1 (en) * 1992-07-29 1994-02-09 Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Novel composite catalysts and their use in a process for the oxidative conversion of methane or natural gas to synthesis gas
EP0595425A1 (en) * 1992-10-30 1994-05-04 ENIRICERCHE S.p.A. Process and catalyst for converting methane into higher hydrocarbon products
CN1087291A (zh) * 1992-11-20 1994-06-01 中国石油化工总公司 甲烷氧化偶合用低温催化剂

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU1353768A1 (ru) * 1985-11-18 1987-11-23 Томский государственный университет им.В.В.Куйбышева Способ получени этилена
DE3826552A1 (de) * 1987-08-05 1989-02-16 Inst Francais Du Petrole Verfahren zur umwandlung von methan in hoehere kohlenwasserstoffe
EP0582004A1 (en) * 1992-07-29 1994-02-09 Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Novel composite catalysts and their use in a process for the oxidative conversion of methane or natural gas to synthesis gas
EP0595425A1 (en) * 1992-10-30 1994-05-04 ENIRICERCHE S.p.A. Process and catalyst for converting methane into higher hydrocarbon products
CN1087291A (zh) * 1992-11-20 1994-06-01 中国石油化工总公司 甲烷氧化偶合用低温催化剂

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