CN108506110A - 一种冷热电联供系统 - Google Patents
一种冷热电联供系统 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108506110A CN108506110A CN201810168997.XA CN201810168997A CN108506110A CN 108506110 A CN108506110 A CN 108506110A CN 201810168997 A CN201810168997 A CN 201810168997A CN 108506110 A CN108506110 A CN 108506110A
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- enters
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- condenser
- gas
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 235000011089 carbon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000004087 circulation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010025 steaming Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 210000000582 semen Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02G5/00—Profiting from waste heat of combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
- F02G5/02—Profiting from waste heat of exhaust gases
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
- F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
- F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
- F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
- F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
- F01K23/08—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with working fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
- F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
- F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
- F01K23/10—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
- F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
- F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
- F01K23/10—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
- F01K23/103—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with afterburner in exhaust boiler
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
- F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
- F01K25/103—Carbon dioxide
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
- F01K25/14—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours using industrial or other waste gases
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
- F01K7/32—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines using steam of critical or overcritical pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K9/00—Plants characterised by condensers arranged or modified to co-operate with the engines
- F01K9/003—Plants characterised by condensers arranged or modified to co-operate with the engines condenser cooling circuits
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K9/00—Plants characterised by condensers arranged or modified to co-operate with the engines
- F01K9/04—Plants characterised by condensers arranged or modified to co-operate with the engines with dump valves to by-pass stages
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C1/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of hot gases or unheated pressurised gases, as the working fluid
- F02C1/007—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of hot gases or unheated pressurised gases, as the working fluid combination of cycles
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/22—Fuel supply systems
- F02C7/224—Heating fuel before feeding to the burner
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B3/00—Other methods of steam generation; Steam boilers not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- F22B3/08—Other methods of steam generation; Steam boilers not provided for in other groups of this subclass at critical or supercritical pressure values
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
- F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
- F01K23/04—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled condensation heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
- F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
- F01N2570/10—Carbon or carbon oxides
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C1/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of hot gases or unheated pressurised gases, as the working fluid
- F02C1/04—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of hot gases or unheated pressurised gases, as the working fluid the working fluid being heated indirectly
- F02C1/05—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of hot gases or unheated pressurised gases, as the working fluid the working fluid being heated indirectly characterised by the type or source of heat, e.g. using nuclear or solar energy
- F02C1/06—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of hot gases or unheated pressurised gases, as the working fluid the working fluid being heated indirectly characterised by the type or source of heat, e.g. using nuclear or solar energy using reheated exhaust gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
- F02C6/18—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use using the waste heat of gas-turbine plants outside the plants themselves, e.g. gas-turbine power heat plants
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2220/00—Application
- F05D2220/70—Application in combination with
- F05D2220/76—Application in combination with an electrical generator
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2270/00—Control
- F05D2270/01—Purpose of the control system
- F05D2270/08—Purpose of the control system to produce clean exhaust gases
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
- F23J2215/50—Carbon dioxide
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J2900/00—Special arrangements for conducting or purifying combustion fumes; Treatment of fumes or ashes
- F23J2900/15061—Deep cooling or freezing of flue gas rich of CO2 to deliver CO2-free emissions, or to deliver liquid CO2
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/14—Combined heat and power generation [CHP]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/32—Direct CO2 mitigation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P80/00—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
- Y02P80/10—Efficient use of energy, e.g. using compressed air or pressurized fluid as energy carrier
- Y02P80/15—On-site combined power, heat or cool generation or distribution, e.g. combined heat and power [CHP] supply
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
Abstract
本发明以SOFC/GT混合发电系统为基准系统,通过引入CO2循环、ORC循环和LNG冷能利用系统而构成一种冷热电联供系统,该冷热电联供系统可以实现能量的高效梯级利用和低碳排放。本发明以SOFC/GT为原动机,分别通过CO2循环和ORC循环回收系统的高温余热、中温余热和低温余热,以LNG为CO2循环和ORC循环的冷源,可对外供冷(空调和冷冻)、供热、供电、供天然气及提供冰和干冰,并通过对烟气中的CO2冷凝分离实现系统的低碳排放,可有效减少联供系统的可用能损失,实现能量的梯级高效利用,具有良好的节能和减排效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种冷热电联供系统。
背景技术
固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)是一种高效的能量转换装置,它利用电化学反应将存储在燃料中的化学能直接转化为电能。因其能量转换过程不受卡诺循环的限制,发电效率高,同时还具有模块化结构、污染物排放低、燃料适应性强等优点。由SOFC和燃气轮机(GT)组成的混合发电系统(SOFC/GT)被认为是实现“可燃多种燃料、联产多种产品、转换效率高、污染物排放低”目标的关键技术。SOFC/GT混合发电系统的工作温度高,通过构建联供系统回收利用其排气中的高品位余热,可实现能量的梯级有效利用。已有研究表明,与有机朗肯循环(ORC)和空气布雷顿循环相比,CO2循环具有更高的发电功率,在余热利用、太阳能利用和核反应堆等领域前景广阔。目前,在国内外关于SOFC/GT与CO2联合循环发电系统中,配有常规冷源的CO2循环系统的发电效率仍有提高的余地;在已有的以液化天然气(LNG)为冷源的CO2循环系统中,虽然可有效提高系统的发电效率,但是其损很大,有待改进以减小系统的可用能损失。因此,由SOFC/GT/CO2和ORC联合循环及LNG冷源利用系统集成的冷热电联供系统,可以实现能量的梯级有效利用和碳减排。
发明内容
针对上述现有技术中存在的问题,本发明的一个目的是提供一种基于SOFC/GT/CO2和 ORC联合循环发电及LNG冷能利用的冷热电联供系统。以SOFC/GT混合发电系统为基准系统,通过引入CO2循环、ORC循环和LNG冷源而构成一个分布式冷热电联供系统,该系统可对外供冷、供热、供电,并提供天然气、冰和干冰,可减少系统的可用能损失和CO2排放量,实现能量的梯级有效利用。
为了解决以上技术问题,本发明的技术方案为:
一种基于SOFC/GT/CO2和ORC联合循环发电及LNG冷能利用的冷热电联供系统,包括:SOFC/GT混合发电子系统、CO2循环子系统、ORC循环子系统、LNG冷源子系统、对外供热子系统、CO2捕集与空调供冷子系统。
所述SOFC和GT组成的混合发电子系统由空气压缩机、第一预热器、SOFC、第二预热器、水泵、第三预热器、混合器、逆变器、后燃室和燃气轮机组成。
空气压缩机和第一预热器串联后与SOFC的阴极相连;水泵和第三预热器相连,第二预热器和第三预热器接入混合器,混合器与SOFC的阳极相连;SOFC电池堆与逆变器相连,将直流电转变为交流电;SOFC的阴极排气和阳极排气进入后燃室;燃烧室的高温排气进入燃气轮机中做功,带动发电机发电;燃气轮机排气依次进入第一预热器、第二预热器和第三预热器,分别对空气、燃料和水进行预热;
所述CO2循环子系统分为超临界CO2循环(SCO2循环)和跨临界CO2循环(TCO2循环);
所述SCO2循环由余热锅炉、发电机、SCO2透平、气体冷却器、SCO2压缩机组成。
第三预热器的排气进入余热锅炉加热CO2工质;被加热的CO2工质进入超临界CO2循环(SCO2循环)的SCO2透平中做功,带动发电机发电;SCO2透平排气进入气体冷却器中加热跨临界CO2循环(TCO2循环)的CO2工质;SCO2循环的气体冷却器排气进入SCO2压缩机压缩后送入余热锅炉再次加热,完成一个超临界CO2循环。
所述TCO2循环由气体冷却器、TCO2透平、发电机、第一冷凝器、第二冷凝器、第三冷凝器、CO2工质泵和预冷器组成。
TCO2循环的CO2工质在气体冷却器中加热后进入TCO2透平中做功,带动发电机发电; TCO2透平排气在第一冷凝器、第二冷凝器和第三冷凝器中冷凝;第一冷凝器、第二冷凝器和第三冷凝器与CO2工质泵相连,CO2工质泵出口的CO2工质进入预冷器,对低温冷库供冷;预冷器出口的CO2工质进入气体冷却器,被SCO2循环中的CO2工质加热,完成一个跨临界CO2循环。
所述对外供热子系统包括第一换热器,余热锅炉出口的烟气进入第一换热器,对外供热。
所述ORC循环子系统的工质为R1150;ORC循环子系统由第一换热器、蒸发器、R1150透平、发电机、R1150冷凝器、R1150工质泵和第二换热器组成。
第一换热器出口的烟气进入蒸发器,加热ORC循环的R1150工质;蒸发器出口的R1150 工质进入R1150透平中做功,带动发电机发电;R1150透平排气在R1150冷凝器中冷凝; R1150冷凝器与R1150工质泵相连,R1150工质泵出口的R1150工质进入第二换热器中加热;第二换热器排出的R1150工质进入蒸发器,吸热蒸发,完成一个R1150工质循环。
所述CO2捕集与空调供冷子系统由蒸发器、第一分离器、第一空调供冷器、第二换热器、第二分离器、干冰贮存器、第三冷凝器、第三换热器、第二空调供冷器和第一冰贮存器组成,蒸发器出口的烟气进入第一分离器,在第一分离器中烟气与水分离,水进入第一空调供冷器对外供冷,烟气进入第二换热器中被R1150工质冷却,CO2气体凝华为干冰;
第二换热器出口的烟气进入第二分离器,在第二分离器中烟气与干冰分离,干冰保存在干冰贮存器中,烟气进入第三冷凝器中冷凝CO2工质;
第三冷凝器出口的烟气进入第三换热器中对水进行冷凝,生成的冰保存在第一冰贮存器中;第三换热器出口的烟气进入第二空调供冷器对外供冷后排入大气。
所述LNG冷源子系统由LNG罐、LNG泵、R1150冷凝器、第一冷凝器、第二冷凝器、第四换热器、第二冰贮存器和第三空调供冷器组成;
LNG罐与LNG泵相连,LNG泵出口的LNG分成两路,一路依次进入R1150冷凝器和第一冷凝器,另一路进入第二冷凝器,第一冷凝器和第二冷凝器出口的天然气汇合,进入第四换热器中对水进行冷凝,生成的冰保存在第二冰贮存器中;第四换热器出口的天然气进入第三空调供冷器对外供冷;第三空调供冷器出口的一部分天然气作为燃料送入第二预热器中预热,多余的天然气供给燃气管网。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明以SOFC为原动机,分别通过燃气轮机、CO2循环和ORC循环回收高温余热、中温余热和低温余热,以LNG为CO2循环和ORC循环的冷源,在减少了可用能损失的同时实现了能量的梯级高效利用,实现对外供冷(空调供冷和低温冷库供冷)、供热、供电、供天然气以及提供冰和干冰,并通过对烟气中的CO2分离实现了系统的低碳排放。
附图说明
构成本申请的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本申请的进一步理解,本申请的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本申请,并不构成对本申请的不当限定。
图1是SOFC/GT/CO2和ORC联合循环发电及LNG冷能利用的冷热电联供系统构成示意图;
其中:1、空气压缩机;2、SOFC;3、后燃室;4、燃气轮机;5、第一预热器;6、第二预热器;7、水泵;8、第三预热器;9、混合器;10、余热锅炉;11、SCO2透平;12、气体冷却器;13、SCO2压缩机;14、TCO2透平;15、第一冷凝器;16、第二冷凝器;17、第三冷凝器;18、CO2工质泵;19、预冷器;20、第一换热器;21、蒸发器;22、R1150 透平;23、R1150冷凝器;24、R1150工质泵;25、第二换热器;26、第一分离器;27、第一空调供冷器;28、第二分离器;29、干冰贮存器;30、LNG罐;31、LNG泵;32、第四换热器;33、第三空调供冷器;34、第二冰贮存器;35、第三换热器;36、第二空调供冷器;37、第一冰贮存器;38、逆变器。
具体实施方式
应该指出,以下详细说明都是例示性的,旨在对本申请提供进一步的说明。除非另有指明,本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本申请所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。
需要注意的是,这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式,而非意图限制根据本申请的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的,除非上下文另外明确指出,否则单数形式也意图包括复数形式,此外,还应当理解的是,当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时,其指明存在特征、步骤、操作、器件、组件和/或它们的组合。
如图1所示,空气压缩机1和第一预热器5串联后与SOFC 2的阴极相连;
水泵7和第三预热器8相连,第二预热器6和第三预热器8接入混合器9,混合器9与SOFC 2的阳极相连;
SOFC 2电池堆与逆变器38相连,将直流电转变为交流电;SOFC 2的阴极排气和阳极排气进入后燃室3;
燃烧室3的高温排气进入燃气轮机4中做功,带动发电机发电;
燃气轮机4排气依次进入第一预热器5、第二预热器6和第三预热器8,分别对空气、燃料和水进行预热;
第三预热器8的排气进入余热锅炉10加热CO2工质;被加热的CO2工质进入超临界CO2循环(SCO2循环)的SCO2透平11中做功,带动发电机发电;SCO2透平11排气进入气体冷却器12中加热跨临界CO2循环(TCO2循环)的CO2工质;SCO2循环的气体冷却器 12排气进入SCO2压缩机13压缩后送入余热锅炉10再次加热,完成一个超临界CO2循环。
TCO2循环的CO2工质在气体冷却器12中加热后进入TCO2透平14中做功,带动发电机发电;TCO2透平14排气在第一冷凝器15、第二冷凝器16和第三冷凝器17中冷凝;第一冷凝器15、第二冷凝器16和第三冷凝器17与CO2工质泵18相连,CO2工质泵18出口的CO2工质进入预冷器19,对低温冷库供冷;预冷器19出口的CO2工质进入气体冷却器 12,被SCO2循环中的CO2工质加热,完成一个跨临界CO2循环。
余热锅炉10出口的烟气进入第一换热器20,对外供热;
第一换热器20出口的烟气进入蒸发器21,加热ORC循环的R1150工质;蒸发器21 出口的R1150工质进入R1150透平22中做功,带动发电机发电;R1150透平22排气在R1150 冷凝器23中冷凝;R1150冷凝器23与R1150工质泵24相连,R1150工质泵24出口的R1150 工质进入第二换热器25中加热;第二换热器25排出的R1150工质进入蒸发器21,吸热蒸发,完成一个R1150工质循环。
蒸发器21出口的烟气进入第一分离器26,在第一分离器26中烟气与水分离,水进入第一空调供冷器27对外供冷,烟气进入第二换热器25中被R1150工质冷却,CO2气体凝华为干冰;
第二换热器25出口的烟气进入第二分离器28,在第二分离器28中烟气与干冰分离,干冰保存在干冰贮存器29中,烟气进入第三冷凝器17中冷凝CO2工质;
第三冷凝器17出口的烟气进入第三换热器35中对水进行冷凝,生成的冰保存在第一冰贮存器37中;第三换热器35出口的烟气进入第二空调供冷器36对外供冷后排入大气。
LNG罐30与LNG泵31相连,LNG泵31出口的LNG分成两路,一路依次进入R1150 冷凝器23和第一冷凝器15,另一路进入第二冷凝器16,第一冷凝器15和第二冷凝器16 出口的天然气汇合,进入第四换热器32中对水进行冷凝,生成的冰保存在第二冰贮存器34 中;第四换热器32出口的天然气进入第三空调供冷器33对外供冷;第三空调供冷器33出口的一部分天然气作为燃料送入第二预热器6中预热,多余的天然气供给燃气管网。
一种基于SOFC/GT/CO2和ORC联合循环发电及LNG冷能利用的冷热电联供系统模拟的初始条件和系统模拟结果分别如表1和表2所示。
表1系统初始条件
项目 | 取值 | 项目 | 取值 |
空气流率 | 6.618mol/s | SCO2透平入口压力 | 20MPa |
燃料流率 | 0.514mol/s | SCO2透平出口压力 | 7.4MPa |
环境压力 | 0.101325MPa | TCO2透平入口压力 | 20MPa |
环境温度 | 298.15K | TCO2透平出口压力 | 1.4MPa |
水泵压比 | 9 | TCO2冷凝器出口温度 | 225.15K |
空气压缩机压比 | 9 | LNG温度 | 111.68K |
空气压缩机绝热内效率 | 0.75 | LNG压力 | 0.16968MPa |
蒸汽碳比 | 2 | SCO2透平等熵效率 | 0.9 |
燃料利用率 | 0.85 | TCO2透平等熵效率 | 0.85 |
SOFC入口温度 | 700K | SCO2压缩机等熵效率 | 0.89 |
SOFC单电池面积 | 0.027m2 | TCO2泵绝热内效率 | 0.8 |
SOFC单电池数量 | 5000 | R1150透平出口压力 | 0.11MPa |
逆变器效率 | 0.98 | R1150冷凝器出口温度 | 170.15K |
余热锅炉传热温差 | 10K | R1150透平等熵效率 | 0.89 |
SCO2压缩机入口温度 | 295.15K | R1150泵绝热内效率 | 0.8 |
表2系统模拟结果
由表2可知,在额定工况下,本发明的系统净发电效率为80.45%,系统综合能源利用率为82.79%,系统总效率为63.21%,系统净发电量为331.280KW,低温冷库供冷量为20.360KW,空调供冷量为11.066KW,供热量为58.563KW,干冰冷量产量为14.987KW,冰冷量产量为14.692KW,对外天然气供应量为8.594mol/s,CO2减排量为0.514mol/s,实现了能量的梯级高效利用和低碳排放的目标。如果按照每年运行5000小时,则每年可减排 407.088吨的CO2。
以上所述仅为本申请的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本申请,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种基于SOFC/GT/CO2和ORC联合循环发电及LNG冷能利用的冷热电联供系统,其特征在于,由SOFC/GT混合发电子系统、CO2循环子系统、ORC循环子系统、LNG冷源子系统、对外供热子系统、CO2捕集与空调供冷子系统;
所述CO2循环子系统包括SCO2循环和TCO2循环;
所述SCO2循环由余热锅炉、发电机、SCO2透平、气体冷却器、SCO2压缩机组成;第三预热器的排气进入余热锅炉加热CO2工质;被加热的CO2工质进入SCO2循环的SCO2透平中做功,带动发电机发电;SCO2透平排气进入气体冷却器中加热TCO2循环的CO2工质;SCO2循环的气体冷却器排气进入SCO2压缩机压缩后送入余热锅炉再次加热,完成一个超临界CO2循环。
2.如权利要求1所述冷热电联供系统,其特征在于,所述SOFC和GT组成的混合发电子系统由空气压缩机、第一预热器、SOFC、第二预热器、水泵、第三预热器、混合器、逆变器、后燃室、燃气轮机组成;空气压缩机和第一预热器串联后与SOFC的阴极相连;水泵和第三预热器相连,第二预热器和第三预热器接入混合器,混合器与SOFC的阳极相连;SOFC电池堆与逆变器相连,将直流电转变为交流电;SOFC的阴极排气和阳极排气进入后燃室;燃烧室的高温排气进入燃气轮机中做功,带动发电机发电;燃气轮机排气依次进入第一预热器、第二预热器和第三预热器,分别对空气、燃料和水进行预热。
3.如权利要求1所述冷热电联供系统,其特征在于,所述TCO2循环由气体冷却器、TCO2透平、发电机、第一冷凝器、第二冷凝器、第三冷凝器、CO2工质泵和预冷器组成;TCO2循环的CO2工质在气体冷却器中加热后进入TCO2透平中做功,带动发电机发电;TCO2透平排气在第一冷凝器、第二冷凝器和第三冷凝器中冷凝;第一冷凝器、第二冷凝器和第三冷凝器与CO2工质泵相连,CO2工质泵出口的CO2工质进入预冷器,对低温冷库供冷;预冷器出口的CO2工质进入气体冷却器,被SCO2循环中的CO2工质加热,完成一个跨临界CO2循环。
4.如权利要求1所述冷热电联供系统,其特征在于,所述对外供热子系统包括第一换热器;余热锅炉出口的烟气进入第一换热器,对外供热。
5.如权利要求1所述冷热电联供系统,其特征在于,所述ORC循环子系统的工质为R1150;ORC循环子系统由第一换热器、蒸发器、R1150透平、发电机、R1150冷凝器、R1150工质泵和第二换热器组成;第一换热器出口的烟气进入蒸发器,加热ORC循环的R1150工质;蒸发器出口的R1150工质进入R1150透平中做功,带动发电机发电;R1150透平排气在R1150冷凝器中冷凝;R1150冷凝器与R1150工质泵相连,R1150工质泵出口的R1150工质进入第二换热器中加热;第二换热器排出的R1150工质进入蒸发器,吸热蒸发,完成一个R1150工质循环。
6.如权利要求1所述冷热电联供系统,其特征在于,所述CO2捕集与空调供冷子系统由蒸发器、第一分离器、第一空调供冷器、第二换热器、第二分离器、干冰贮存器、第三冷凝器、第三换热器、第二空调供冷器和第一冰贮存器组成,蒸发器出口的烟气进入第一分离器,在第一分离器中烟气与水分离,水进入第一空调供冷器对外供冷,烟气进入第二换热器中被R1150工质冷却,CO2气体凝华为干冰。
7.如权利要求6所述冷热电联供系统,其特征在于,第二换热器出口的烟气进入第二分离器,在第二分离器中烟气与干冰分离,干冰保存在干冰贮存器中,烟气进入第三冷凝器中冷凝CO2工质。
8.如权利要求7所述冷热电联供系统,其特征在于,第三冷凝器出口的烟气进入第三换热器中对水进行冷凝,生成的冰保存在第一冰贮存器中;第三换热器出口的烟气进入第二空调供冷器对外供冷后排入大气。
9.如权利要求1所述冷热电联供系统,其特征在于,所述LNG冷源子系统由LNG罐、LNG泵、R1150冷凝器、第一冷凝器、第二冷凝器、第四换热器、第二冰贮存器和第三空调供冷器组成;LNG罐与LNG泵相连,LNG泵出口的LNG分成两路,一路依次进入R1150冷凝器和第一冷凝器,另一路进入第二冷凝器,第一冷凝器和第二冷凝器出口的天然气汇合,进入第四换热器中对水进行冷凝,生成的冰保存在第二冰贮存器中;第四换热器出口的天然气进入第三空调供冷器对外供冷;第三空调供冷器出口的一部分天然气作为燃料送入第二预热器中预热,多余的天然气供给燃气管网。
10.如权利要求1所述的冷热电联供系统,其特征在于,所述干冰贮存器可对外提供干冰,第三换热器和第四换热器通过制冰蓄冷,制成的冰储存在第一冰贮存器和第二冰贮存器中,可对外提供冰。
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CN113482736A (zh) * | 2021-06-30 | 2021-10-08 | 山东大学 | 一种低能耗捕集二氧化碳的多联供系统和方法 |
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US20210087949A1 (en) | 2021-03-25 |
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