CN108503446B - Slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, slow-release nitrogen fertilizer granulating equipment and method - Google Patents
Slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, slow-release nitrogen fertilizer granulating equipment and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108503446B CN108503446B CN201810589167.4A CN201810589167A CN108503446B CN 108503446 B CN108503446 B CN 108503446B CN 201810589167 A CN201810589167 A CN 201810589167A CN 108503446 B CN108503446 B CN 108503446B
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- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 106
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 83
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960000892 attapulgite Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052625 palygorskite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013270 controlled release Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 organic matters Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000746 Structural steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001120 nichrome Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000015816 nutrient absorption Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002464 physical blending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, slow-release nitrogen fertilizer granulating equipment and a slow-release nitrogen fertilizer granulating method, wherein the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer granulating equipment comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1-4 parts of straw powder; 5-8 parts of urea; 0.5-1.5 parts of granulating auxiliary agent. The method combines straw powder with fertilizer, thereby solving the problems of lower straw utilization rate and serious resource waste, simplifying the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer preparation process and reducing the manufacturing and using cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fertilizer production, in particular to slow-release nitrogen fertilizer and slow-release nitrogen fertilizer granulating equipment and method.
Background
The novel slow/controlled release fertilizer can regulate and control the nutrient release rate to be basically synchronous with the nutrient absorption of crops, greatly improve the fertilizer utilization rate, reduce the agricultural non-point source pollution and meet the national sustainable development strategic requirements. The current novel coated slow/controlled release fertilizer is mainly prepared by adopting processes such as fluidized bed coating, rotary drum coating and the like, and mainly comprises the steps of coating traditional compound fertilizer particles by adopting coating materials such as organic matters, sulfur, thermoplastic resin, thermosetting resin and the like, wherein the processes have the factors such as higher cost of the coating materials, complex coating process, larger influence of environmental factors on the release rate of fertilizer nutrients and the like.
Related research at home and abroad shows that the carbonized straw has huge specific surface area and adsorption property, and the straw carbon-based slow release fertilizer prepared by combining the carbonized straw with the fertilizer can effectively avoid the loss of the fertilizer and improve the utilization efficiency of the fertilizer. At present, a method for preparing slow-release nitrogen fertilizer by using biochar (CN 10383445A, CN 102424642A) exists, but most of the methods adopt a process of preparing the biochar by firstly firing straws and then preparing the fertilizer by adopting a physical blending granulation or extrusion granulation method, and the method also has the problems of complex preparation process, poor slow-release performance of the fertilizer and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, slow-release nitrogen fertilizer granulating equipment and a slow-release nitrogen fertilizer granulating method, which combine straw powder with fertilizer, so that the problems of low straw utilization rate and serious resource waste are solved, and meanwhile, the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer preparation process is simplified, and the manufacturing and using costs are reduced.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows:
in one aspect, a slow-release nitrogen fertilizer is provided, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1-4 parts of straw powder; 5-8 parts of urea; 0.5-1.5 parts of granulating auxiliary agent.
Preferably, the grain size of the straw powder is 2-5mm; the granulating auxiliary agent is one or a mixture of more of montmorillonite, kaolin and attapulgite.
In another aspect, there is also provided an apparatus for manufacturing the above slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, comprising:
the bin is used for storing the mixture of the straw powder, urea and granulation auxiliary agent;
the pressure grinding disc is provided with a first through hole at the middle part in the axial direction, and a plurality of first blanking holes are formed around the first through hole;
The heating millstone is positioned below the pressure millstone and is used for heating the particles extruded and granulated through the first blanking hole and falling from the first blanking hole; in the axial direction, a second through hole is formed in the middle of the feeding device, and a plurality of second blanking holes are formed around the second through hole;
One end of the transmission shaft penetrates through the middle through holes of the pressure millstone and the heating millstone and then extends upwards, so that the pressure millstone and the heating millstone are coaxially arranged in the axial direction, and the other end of the transmission shaft is connected with power equipment;
And the compression roller is connected with one end of the transmission shaft extending upwards from the first through hole of the uppermost pressure grinding disc, rotates relative to the uppermost pressure grinding disc by taking the transmission shaft as an axis, and is used for grinding the mixture falling onto the upper surface of the uppermost pressure grinding disc and pressing the mixture into the first blanking hole.
Preferably, a gap exists between the heating millstone and the pressure millstone, and the transmission shaft is used for driving the pressure millstone or the heating millstone to rotate, so that relative rotation occurs between the two.
Preferably, the heated millstone comprises:
The grinding disc main body is provided with a second through hole at the middle part in the axial direction, and a plurality of second blanking holes are formed around the second through hole;
A thermally conductive shell surrounding and coaxially disposed with the abrasive disc body;
an insulating ring disposed around the abrasive disc body and disposed in a heat generating region formed between the thermally conductive shell and the abrasive disc body;
the electric heating wire is electrically connected with the electric equipment, is arranged in the heat generating area, is spirally wound on the insulating ring and extends outwards along the radial direction of the insulating ring to form petal-shaped structures which are symmetrically distributed about the center of the insulating ring;
And the upper cover and the lower cover are used for respectively and correspondingly closing the upper opening and the lower opening of the heat generating area.
Preferably, one end of the petal-shaped structure is abutted with the heat conducting shell, and the other end is abutted with the millstone main body; one end of the upper cover and/or the lower cover, which is close to the millstone main body, is in butt joint with the millstone main body, and one end of the upper cover and/or the lower cover, which is far away from the millstone main body, is in butt joint with the heat conducting shell.
Preferably, the number of the pressure grinding discs is at least two, a heating grinding disc is arranged between two adjacent pressure grinding discs, and one end of the transmission shaft penetrates through the middle through holes of all the pressure grinding discs and the heating grinding discs and then extends upwards from the first through hole of the uppermost pressure grinding disc.
Preferably, a blanking device is arranged below the lowest pressure millstone and is used for receiving slow-release nitrogen fertilizer particles which are extruded and granulated through a first blanking hole of the lowest pressure millstone and fall from the first blanking hole.
On the other hand, the method for preparing the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer by using the equipment comprises the following steps:
s1, drying, crushing and sieving crop straws to prepare straw powder with the particle size of 2-5 mm;
s2, starting power equipment, preheating the heating millstone through the electric heating wire, adding straw powder, urea and a granulating auxiliary agent into the storage bin when the temperature in a second blanking hole of the heating millstone reaches 200-450 ℃, and stirring to form a mixture;
S3, opening the bin, so that the mixture in the bin falls onto the upper surface of the uppermost pressure millstone, starting a power device to drive the transmission shaft to drive the press roller to rotate, grinding the mixture through relative rotation between the press roller and the uppermost pressure millstone, and pressing the mixture into the first blanking hole;
S4, receiving slow-release nitrogen fertilizer particles formed by extrusion granulation through all the first blanking holes, gaps between the pressure millstone and the heating millstone and the second blanking holes, and cutting, cooling, screening and bagging and packaging the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer particles.
Preferably, in step S3, the transmission shaft drives the pressure grinding disc or the heating grinding disc to rotate at the same time.
The technical scheme of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
The slow-release nitrogen fertilizer disclosed by the invention takes crop straw powder and urea as main raw material materials, firstly, raw materials are extruded to prepare strip-shaped particles, then, the straw and urea in the strip-shaped particles are carbonized and melted by utilizing the heating millstone under a high-temperature and airtight anaerobic environment, so that the straw carbonization and fertilizer granulation can be synchronously completed, and then, the melted urea and carbonized straw are tightly combined and adsorbed under the action of external force extrusion, so that the slow-release performance of the biological carbon-based slow-release nitrogen fertilizer is fully exerted, and the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer has the advantages of reasonable design, simple structure, low preparation cost, strong practicability, no dust in the manufacturing process, simple process and high production efficiency; meanwhile, the biochar (namely carbonized straw) has higher adsorption performance, so the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer is beneficial to reducing soil nutrient loss, improving the utilization efficiency of the nitrogen fertilizer and the crop yield, and effectively reducing agricultural non-point source pollution.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which:
Figure 1 is an elevation view of a slow-release nitrogen fertilizer granulation apparatus in accordance with a fourth embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an assembly of a pressure grinding disc and a heated grinding disc in accordance with a fourth embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a pressure disc in accordance with a fourth embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a heated abrasive disc in accordance with a fourth embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a top view of a heated abrasive disc in accordance with a fourth embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a top view of a heated abrasive disc (without upper cover) in a fourth embodiment of the invention;
fig. 7 is a front view of a slow-release nitrogen fertilizer granulating apparatus according to a fifth embodiment of the invention;
Figure 8 is an elevation view of a slow release nitrogen fertilizer granulation apparatus in accordance with a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Embodiment one:
the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer in the embodiment comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1 part of straw powder and 5 parts of urea; and 0.5 part of granulating auxiliary agent, wherein the grain size of the straw powder is 2-5mm (preferably 3 mm), and the granulating auxiliary agent is one or a mixture of more of montmorillonite, kaolin and attapulgite.
Embodiment two:
the embodiment differs from the first embodiment only in that the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer in the embodiment comprises the following components in parts by weight: 4 parts of straw powder and 8 parts of urea; 1.5 parts of granulating auxiliary agent.
Embodiment III:
the embodiment differs from the first embodiment only in that the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer in the embodiment comprises the following components in parts by weight: 3 parts of straw powder and 6 parts of urea; 1 part of granulating auxiliary agent.
Embodiment four:
this example provides a granulation apparatus for manufacturing the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer of one of examples one to three, as shown in fig. 1, comprising:
A conical silo 1 for storing a mixture of the straw powder, urea and granulation aid in the proportions described in one to three of the examples, and which mixture can fall by gravity itself after opening the bottom opening of the silo 1;
an outer casing 2 made of hard material (such as stainless steel, aluminum alloy, etc.) which communicates with the lower end surface of the bin 1 and encloses a granulating space S;
As shown in fig. 2-3, in the axial direction (i.e. Y direction in fig. 1), the pressure grinding disc 3 is provided with a first through hole 31 penetrating axially in the middle, and a plurality of first blanking holes 32 penetrating axially are formed around the first through hole 31;
a heating millstone 4, which is located below one pressure millstone 3 and has a gap with the adjacent pressure millstone 3, and is used for heating and re-granulating the particles extruded and granulated by the first blanking hole 32 and falling from the first blanking hole; similarly, as shown in fig. 2 and 4, in the axial direction, a second through hole 41 is formed in the middle of the first through hole, and a plurality of second blanking holes 42 are formed around the second through hole 41; the aperture of the first blanking hole 32 and/or the second blanking hole 42 is 1.5-5mm (preferably 3 mm); the pressure millstone 3 and/or the heating millstone 4 are cast by carbon structural steel;
A transmission shaft 5, one end of which passes through the first through hole 31 of the pressure grinding disc 3 and the second through hole 41 of the heating grinding disc 4 and then extends upwards, so that the pressure grinding disc 3 and the heating grinding disc 4 are coaxially arranged in the axial direction, and the other end of the transmission shaft is connected with a power device 6 (such as a motor and the like);
And a pressing roller 7 connected to one end of the transmission shaft 5 protruding upward from the first through hole 31 of the uppermost pressure grinding disc 3, and rotating relative to the uppermost pressure grinding disc 3 with the transmission shaft 5 as an axis, for grinding the mixture falling onto the upper surface of the uppermost pressure grinding disc 3 and pressing the mixture into the first blanking hole 32.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, at least two pressure grinding discs 3 are provided, and a heating grinding disc 4 is disposed between two adjacent pressure grinding discs 3, and one end of the transmission shaft 5 passes through the first through holes 31 of all the pressure grinding discs 3 and the second through holes 41 of the heating grinding disc 4, and then protrudes upwards from the first through hole 31 of the uppermost pressure grinding disc 3; all the pressure grinding discs 3 are connected with the transmission shaft 5 through splines, the heating grinding disc 4 is fixed on the inner wall of the outer shell 2 through a fixing piece 8 (such as a fastening bolt and the like) so as to fix the relative position between the heating grinding disc 4 and the pressure grinding disc 3, at the moment, the transmission shaft 5 only passes through the second through hole 41 of the heating grinding disc 4 but does not drive the heating grinding disc 4 to rotate, and the transmission shaft 5 only can drive the pressure grinding disc 3 to synchronously rotate, so that the pressure grinding disc 3 and the heating grinding disc 4 relatively rotate, and the mixture entering a gap between the pressure grinding disc 3 and the heating grinding disc 4 is milled through extrusion and extruded into the first blanking hole 31/the second blanking hole 41 below to granulate; on the basis, the transmission shaft 5 and the press roller 7 can be connected through a speed change device such as a speed change gear, so that the rotation speed of the press roller 7 around the transmission shaft 5 is higher than/lower than the synchronous rotation speed of the transmission shaft 5 and the uppermost pressure grinding disc 3, the press roller 7 rotates relative to the uppermost pressure grinding disc 3 by taking the transmission shaft 5 as an axis, the mixture on the upper surface of the pressure grinding disc 3 is ground, and the ground mixture is pressed into the first blanking hole 32 for extrusion granulation through continuous grinding of the mixture which continuously falls from the bin 1, so that strip-shaped slow-release nitrogen fertilizer particles are formed.
The slow-release nitrogen fertilizer granulating apparatus further comprises a discharging device 9 (e.g., a vibration feeding device, etc.) for receiving the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer granules extruded and granulated through the first discharging hole 32 of the lowermost pressure grinding disc 3 and dropped therefrom and transporting them to a predetermined position (e.g., in the storage container 10).
Further, as shown in fig. 4-6, the heated grinding disc 4 includes:
the grinding disc main body 43, the second through hole 41 and the second blanking hole 42 which are communicated in the axial direction are arranged on the grinding disc main body 43;
A thermally conductive shell 44 surrounding the abrasive disc body 43 and coaxially disposed with the abrasive disc body 43; in this embodiment, the heat conductive shell 44 is preferably made of stainless steel;
An insulating ring 45 (preferably made of mica) disposed in a heat generating region S' formed between the heat conductive shell 44 and the grinding disc main body 43 and disposed around the grinding disc main body 43; meanwhile, in order to facilitate the fixing of the position of the insulating ring 45, the insulating ring 45 may be further fixed to the outer wall surface of the grinding disc main body 43 by a fastener 46;
A heating wire 47 (preferably made of nichrome) electrically connected to the electric power device, disposed in the heat generating region S', for generating heat, spirally wound around the insulating ring 45, and extending outward in a radial direction of the insulating ring 45 to form a petal-shaped structure symmetrically distributed about a center of the insulating ring 45;
An upper cover 48 and a lower cover (not shown) for respectively closing the upper opening and the lower opening of the heat generating region S', preferably, the upper cover 48 and/or the lower cover are made of a stainless steel material. Preferably, in order to enhance the heat conducting effect, the temperature in the second blanking hole 42 of the grinding disc main body 43 is quickly increased, one end P1 of the petal-shaped structure is abutted with the heat conducting shell 44, and the other end P2 is abutted with the grinding disc main body 43; the end of the upper cover 48 and/or the lower cover, which is close to the millstone body 43, is in butt joint with the millstone body 43, and the end of the upper cover 48 and/or the lower cover, which is far away from the millstone body 43, is in butt joint with the heat conducting shell.
Fifth embodiment:
The difference between this embodiment and the fourth embodiment is that, as shown in fig. 7, the heating mill 4 and the driving shaft 5 may be connected by a spline, the pressure mill 3 is fixed to the inner wall of the outer casing 2 by a fixing member 8' (such as a fastening bolt, etc.) so as to fix the relative position between the heating mill 4 and the pressure mill 3, at this time, the driving shaft 5 only passes through the first through hole 31 of the pressure mill 3, but does not drive the pressure mill 3 to rotate, and the driving shaft 5 only can drive the heating mill 4 and the pressing roller 7 to rotate synchronously, so that relative rotation occurs between the pressure mill 3 and the heating mill 4, and between the uppermost pressure mill 3 and the pressing roller 7.
Example six:
The difference between this embodiment and the fourth-fifth embodiments is that, as shown in fig. 2-4 and 8, in the axial direction, a second through hole 41 is formed in the middle of the heating grinding disc 4, and is communicated with the first through hole 31, and a plurality of second blanking holes 42 are formed around the second through hole 41, and each of the second blanking holes 42 is communicated with one of the first blanking holes 32; no gap exists between the heating millstone 4 and the pressure millstone 3;
A transmission shaft 5, one end of which passes through the first through hole 31 of the pressure grinding disc 3 and the second through hole 41 of the heating grinding disc 4 and then extends upwards, so that the pressure grinding disc 3 and the heating grinding disc 4 are coaxially arranged in the axial direction, and the other end of the transmission shaft is connected with a power device 6 (such as a motor and the like);
And a pressing roller 7 connected to one end of the transmission shaft 5 protruding upward from the first through hole 31 of the uppermost pressure grinding disc 3, and rotating relative to the uppermost pressure grinding disc 3 with the transmission shaft 5 as an axis, for grinding the mixture falling onto the upper surface of the uppermost pressure grinding disc 3 and pressing the mixture into the first blanking hole 32.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 8, all the pressure grinding discs 3 and the heating grinding discs 4 are fixed on the inner wall of the outer casing 2 through fixing members 8 (such as fastening bolts, etc.) so as to fix the relative positions between the heating grinding discs 4 and the pressure grinding discs 3, at this time, the transmission shaft 5 only passes through the first through holes 31 of the pressure grinding discs 3 and the second through holes 41 of the heating grinding discs 4, but does not drive the pressure grinding discs 3 and the heating grinding discs 4 to rotate, and the transmission shaft 5 only can drive the compression roller 7 to rotate, so that the compression roller 7 rotates around the transmission shaft 5, and thus the milled mixture is pressed into the first blanking holes 42 for extrusion granulation through continuous grinding of the mixture continuously falling from the storage bin 1, thereby forming strip-shaped slow-release nitrogen fertilizer particles.
Embodiment seven:
This example provides a method of making the slow release nitrogen fertilizer of example one using the apparatus of example four, comprising the steps of:
s1, drying, crushing and sieving crop straws to prepare straw powder with the particle size of 5 mm;
s2, starting power equipment, wherein the electric heating wire generates heat in the heat generating area, and transmits the heat to a millstone main body of the heating millstone through air, a heat conducting shell, an upper cover and/or a lower cover in the heat generating area so as to preheat the heating millstone, and when the temperature in a second blanking hole of the heating millstone reaches 250 ℃, adding straw powder, urea and a granulating auxiliary agent into the bin according to the proportion in the first embodiment, and stirring to form a mixture; wherein the apertures of the first blanking hole of the heating millstone and the second blanking hole of the pressure millstone are 1.5mm;
S3, opening the bin, so that the mixture in the bin falls onto the upper surface of the uppermost pressure millstone, starting the power equipment to drive the transmission shaft to drive the compression roller, the pressure millstone or the heating millstone to rotate, enabling the pressure millstone and the heating millstone to rotate relatively, grinding the mixture through the relative rotation between the compression roller and the uppermost pressure millstone, pressing the mixture into a first blanking hole of the uppermost pressure millstone, and extruding and granulating the mixture through the first blanking hole; further, the particles formed by extrusion through the first blanking hole of the uppermost pressure millstone fall into a gap between the pressure millstone and the heating millstone, are further milled through relative rotation between the pressure millstone and the heating millstone, are pressed into the second blanking hole of the heating millstone, and fall from the second blanking hole after being extruded and granulated through the second blanking hole to form particles, in the process, the gap between the pressure millstone and the heating millstone and the second blanking hole are in a closed anaerobic high-temperature environment, straw powder in the particles falling through the first blanking hole is fully carbonized, urea is melted, and urea in a molten state fully permeates and extrudes into carbonized straw powder under the extrusion force of the gap between the pressure millstone and the heating millstone and the second blanking hole, so that the slow release performance of the biological carbon-based slow release nitrogen fertilizer is fully exerted; further, the particles formed after extrusion granulation through the second blanking hole fall into a gap between the next pressure grinding disc and the heating grinding disc through the second blanking hole, are further ground through relative rotation between the two, and are pressed into the first blanking hole of the next pressure grinding disc for further granulation; repeating the above processes until the final strip-shaped slow-release fertilizer particles are formed by extrusion through the first blanking hole of the lowest pressure grinding disc;
S4, carrying out extrusion granulation on the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer particles formed by the first blanking hole, the gap between the pressure millstone and the heating millstone and the second blanking hole through the blanking device, and cutting, cooling, screening and bagging packaging the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer particles to form the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer.
Example eight:
the difference between the embodiment and the seventh embodiment is that in the step S1, the diameters of the first blanking hole of the heating millstone and the second blanking hole of the pressure millstone are 2.5mm, and the particle diameter of the straw powder is 2 mm; in step S2, when the temperature in the second discharging hole of the heating mill reaches 450 ℃, adding straw powder, urea and a granulating auxiliary agent into the bin according to the proportion in the second embodiment, and stirring to form a mixture.
Example nine:
The difference between the embodiment and the seventh embodiment is that in the step S1, the particle size of the straw powder is 3mm, and the apertures of the first blanking hole of the heating millstone and the second blanking hole of the pressure millstone are 3.0mm; in step S2, when the temperature in the second discharging hole of the heating mill reaches 400 ℃, adding straw powder, urea and a granulating auxiliary agent into the bin according to the proportion in the third embodiment, and stirring to form a mixture.
Example ten:
The difference between the embodiment and the seventh embodiment is that in the step S1, the particle size of the straw powder is 5mm, and the apertures of the first blanking hole of the heating millstone and the second blanking hole of the pressure millstone are both 5.0mm; in step S2, when the temperature in the second discharging hole of the heating mill reaches 250 ℃, adding straw powder, urea and a granulating auxiliary agent into the bin according to the proportion in the third embodiment, and stirring to form a mixture.
Example eleven:
The difference between the present embodiment and the seventh embodiment is that in the step S1, the particle size of the straw powder is 2mm; in the step S2, a composite millstone with the aperture of 5.0mm is selected, and when the temperature in the second blanking hole of the heating millstone reaches 450 ℃, straw powder, urea and a granulating auxiliary agent are added into the bin according to the proportion in the third embodiment, and a mixture is formed by stirring.
Embodiment twelve:
S1, drying, crushing and sieving crop straws to prepare straw powder with the particle size of 3 mm;
s2, starting power equipment, wherein the electric heating wire generates heat in the heat generating area, and transmits the heat to a millstone main body of the heating millstone through air, a heat conducting shell, an upper cover and/or a lower cover in the heat generating area so as to preheat the heating millstone, and when the temperature in a second blanking hole of the heating millstone reaches 400 ℃, adding straw powder, urea and a granulating auxiliary agent into the bin according to the proportion in the first embodiment, and stirring to form a mixture; wherein the apertures of the first blanking hole of the heating millstone and the second blanking hole of the pressure millstone are 3.0mm;
S3, opening a feed bin to enable a mixture in the feed bin to fall onto the upper surface of an uppermost pressure grinding disc, starting a power device to drive a transmission shaft to drive a compression roller to rotate, grinding the mixture through relative rotation between the compression roller and the uppermost pressure grinding disc, pressing the mixture into a first blanking hole of the uppermost pressure grinding disc and a second blanking hole of a heating grinding disc communicated with the first blanking hole to extrude and granulate, extruding and granulating through the second blanking hole to form granules, and then falling from the second blanking hole, wherein in the process, the second blanking hole of the heating grinding disc is in a closed anaerobic high-temperature environment, straw powder in the granules falling through the first blanking hole is fully carbonized, urea is melted, and urea in a molten state fully permeates and extrudes into carbonized powder under extrusion force of the second blanking hole, so that slow release performance of biological carbon-based nitrogen fertilizer is fully exerted; further, the granules formed after extrusion granulation through the second blanking hole fall into the first blanking hole of the next pressure millstone through the second blanking hole for further granulation; repeating the above processes until the final strip-shaped slow-release fertilizer particles are formed by extrusion through the first blanking hole of the lowest pressure grinding disc;
S4, carrying out extrusion granulation on the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer particles formed by the first blanking hole, the gap between the pressure millstone and the heating millstone and the second blanking hole through the blanking device, and cutting, cooling, screening and bagging packaging the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer particles to form the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer.
Furthermore, in order to verify the difference of the slow release effect of the slow release nitrogen fertilizer obtained by the invention and the slow release effect of the nitrogen fertilizer in the prior art, the invention carries out the following comparative experiment, and the specific process is as follows.
Taking common urea with 46% of nitrogen content as blank example 1, taking straw powder, urea and granulating auxiliary agent in the same proportion as in the third embodiment, and granulating by adopting an extrusion granulator with the application number of 201520794666.9, wherein the obtained slow-release nitrogen fertilizer is taken as blank example 2;
Comparing blank 1 and blank 2 with the nitrogen loss of the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer prepared in the seventh-twelfth embodiment, the specific process comprises: the nutrient release rate of the slow-release fertilizer is detected by adopting a water dissolution rate method specified by national standard GB/T23148-2009, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: 10g of the non-crushed fertilizer particles are weighed and put into a small bag made of nylon gauze with the aperture of 150 mu m (100 meshes), after sealing, the small bag is put into a 250ml glass bottle or a plastic bottle, 200ml of water is added, the small bag is capped and sealed, and is placed into a biochemical constant temperature incubator with the temperature of 25 ℃ for culture, and the sample is taken to measure the nitrogen release amount. Sampling time is 1d,3d,5d,7d,14d,28d,42d,56d and 70d, the accumulated nutrient release rate is more than 80%, the nitrogen content of the leaching solution is measured by adopting a Kjeldahl nitrogen determination method, the slow release capacity of the slow release nitrogen fertilizer is represented by the prepared slow release nitrogen fertilizer in the capacity of controlling the loss of nitrogen in the fertilizer, and the result is shown in table 1.
Table 1: cumulative nitrogen release rate (%)
From table 1, it can be seen that the nitrogen slow release capability of the granulated grinding tool prepared by using the granulated grinding tool according to the embodiment seven-twelve of the invention is obviously better than that of blank 1 and blank 2, and the nitrogen cumulative release rate is obviously lower than that of the control during all sampling periods. In blank 1 and blank 2, the cumulative release rate of nitrogen over the first 28 days is greater than 89%, which is much higher than 35.2-52.3% in examples seventy-two; in blank example 2, the release rate of the fertilizer prepared by the extrusion granulator with the application number 201520794666.9 is highest, and compared with one of the seventh to the twelfth of examples, the fertilizer has almost no slow release effect; the accumulated released nitrogen of the biochar-based slow-release nitrogen fertilizer prepared in the seventh-twelfth embodiment accounts for more than 37% of the total nitrogen of the fertilizer within 28-70d, which shows that the biochar-based slow-release nitrogen fertilizer prepared in the seventh-twelfth embodiment has good slow-release effect and can greatly improve the release of nitrogen in the peak period of crop nitrogen demand.
In summary, the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer crop straw powder and urea are taken as main raw materials, the raw materials are extruded into strip-shaped particles, the straw and urea in the strip-shaped particles are carbonized and melted by using the heating millstone under a high-temperature and airtight anaerobic environment, so that the straw carbonization and fertilizer granulation can be synchronously completed, and the melted urea and carbonized straw are tightly combined and adsorbed under the action of external force extrusion, thereby being beneficial to fully playing the slow-release performance of the biological carbon-based slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, and the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer production device has the advantages of reasonable design, simple structure, low preparation cost, strong practicability, no dust in the manufacturing process, simple process and high production efficiency; meanwhile, the biochar (namely carbonized straw) has higher adsorption performance, so the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer is beneficial to reducing soil nutrient loss, improving the utilization efficiency of the nitrogen fertilizer and the crop yield, and effectively reducing agricultural non-point source pollution.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and any such modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A granulating apparatus for slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, comprising:
the feed bin is used for storing a mixture of straw powder, urea and a granulating auxiliary agent; wherein, the weight portion of the straw powder is 1 to 4 portions, the weight portion of the urea is 5 to 8 portions, and the weight portion of the granulating auxiliary agent is 0.5 to 1.5 portions;
the pressure grinding disc is provided with a first through hole at the middle part in the axial direction, and a plurality of first blanking holes are formed around the first through hole;
A heating millstone for heating the particulate matters extruded and granulated through the first blanking hole and falling from the first blanking hole; in the axial direction, a second through hole is formed in the middle of the feeding device, and a plurality of second blanking holes are formed around the second through hole;
One end of the transmission shaft penetrates through the middle through holes of the pressure millstone and the heating millstone and then extends upwards, so that the pressure millstone and the heating millstone are coaxially arranged in the axial direction, and the other end of the transmission shaft is connected with power equipment;
The compression roller is connected with one end of the transmission shaft, which extends upwards from the first through hole of the uppermost pressure grinding disc, rotates relative to the uppermost pressure grinding disc by taking the transmission shaft as an axis, and is used for grinding the mixture falling onto the upper surface of the uppermost pressure grinding disc and pressing the mixture into the first blanking hole;
a gap exists between the heating millstone and the pressure millstone, and the transmission shaft is used for driving the pressure millstone or the heating millstone to rotate so as to enable the two to rotate relatively;
The pressure grinding discs are at least two, a heating grinding disc is arranged between every two adjacent pressure grinding discs, and one end of the transmission shaft penetrates through the middle through holes of all the pressure grinding discs and the heating grinding discs and then extends upwards from the first through hole of the uppermost pressure grinding disc;
The heated abrasive disc comprises:
The grinding disc main body is provided with a second through hole at the middle part in the axial direction, and a plurality of second blanking holes are formed around the second through hole;
A thermally conductive shell surrounding and coaxially disposed with the abrasive disc body;
an insulating ring disposed around the abrasive disc body and disposed in a heat generating region formed between the thermally conductive shell and the abrasive disc body;
the electric heating wire is electrically connected with the electric equipment, is arranged in the heat generating area, is spirally wound on the insulating ring and extends outwards along the radial direction of the insulating ring to form petal-shaped structures which are symmetrically distributed about the center of the insulating ring;
And the upper cover and the lower cover are used for respectively and correspondingly closing the upper opening and the lower opening of the heat generating area.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein one end of the petal-like structure abuts the thermally conductive shell and the other end abuts the abrasive disc body; one end of the upper cover and/or the lower cover, which is close to the millstone main body, is in butt joint with the millstone main body, and one end of the upper cover and/or the lower cover, which is far away from the millstone main body, is in butt joint with the heat conducting shell.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein a blanking device is disposed below the lowermost pressure mill for receiving slow-release nitrogen fertilizer granules extruded through and falling from the first blanking aperture of the lowermost pressure mill.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the straw powder has a particle size of 2-5mm; the granulating auxiliary agent is one or a mixture of more of montmorillonite, kaolin and attapulgite.
5. A method for preparing a slow release nitrogen fertilizer using the apparatus of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
s1, drying, crushing and sieving crop straws to prepare straw powder with the particle size of 2-5 mm;
s2, starting power equipment, preheating the heating millstone through the electric heating wire, adding straw powder, urea and a granulating auxiliary agent into the storage bin when the temperature in a second blanking hole of the heating millstone reaches 200-450 ℃, and stirring to form a mixture;
S3, opening a bin, enabling a mixture in the bin to fall onto the upper surface of the uppermost pressure millstone, starting a power device to drive the transmission shaft to drive the compression roller, the pressure millstone or the heating millstone to rotate, enabling the compression roller, the pressure millstone or the heating millstone to rotate relatively, grinding the mixture through the relative rotation between the compression roller and the uppermost pressure millstone, pressing the mixture into a first blanking hole of the uppermost pressure millstone, extruding and granulating the mixture through the first blanking hole, enabling particles extruded through the first blanking hole of the uppermost pressure millstone to fall into a gap between the pressure millstone and the heating millstone, further grinding through the relative rotation between the two, pressing the particles into a second blanking hole of the heating millstone, and extruding and granulating the particles through the second blanking hole to form the particles and then falling from the second blanking hole;
The particles formed after extrusion granulation through the second blanking hole fall into a gap between the next pressure grinding disc and the heating grinding disc through the second blanking hole, are further ground through relative rotation between the two, and are pressed into the first blanking hole of the next pressure grinding disc for further granulation;
Repeating the above process until the final strip-shaped slow-release fertilizer particles are formed by extrusion through the first blanking hole of the lowest pressure grinding disc;
s4, receiving slow-release nitrogen fertilizer particles formed by extrusion granulation through all the first blanking holes, gaps between the pressure millstone and the heating millstone and the second blanking holes through the blanking device, and cutting, cooling, screening and bagging and packaging the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer particles.
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