CN108498700A - 一种治疗咳嗽的中药组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种治疗咳嗽的中药组合物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种治疗咳嗽的中药组合物及其制备方法。所述组合物包括如下重量份数的原料:地椒5‑20份,桑叶5‑15份,北沙参20‑40份,麦冬20‑30份和玉竹10‑30份。方中沙参、麦冬为君,沙参性味甘寒,养阴清肺,益胃生津;麦冬甘寒,养阴生津,润肺清心;玉竹为臣,玉竹甘寒,养阴润燥,生津止渴,助君药养肺胃阴,润肺生津;桑叶、地椒为佐,桑叶甘寒,疏散风热,清肺润燥,以散燥热;地椒辛而微寒,行气健脾,温中止痛,有培土生金之妙。诸药合用,君臣协力,佐使共辅,甘寒滋阴,清宣燥热,清补同施,培土生金,共治燥伤肺胃阴分,主治肺胃阴虚咳嗽。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及中药加工技术领域,尤其涉及一种治疗咳嗽的中药组合物及其制备方法。
背景技术
咳嗽是呼吸系统疾病的主要症状之一,持久剧烈的咳嗽不但影响休息,还易消耗体力,并可引起肺泡壁弹性组织的破坏,诱发肺气肿、支气管扩张及肺原性心脏病等。化药治疗咳嗽只能治标和缓解症状,长期服用副作用较大,相比之下,中医中药具有巨大优势。中医认为咳嗽是由六淫外邪侵袭肺系,或脏腑功能失调,内伤及肺,肺气不清,失于宣肃所成。故分证论治将咳嗽分为外感咳嗽和内伤咳嗽两大类,按临床症状不同还将外感咳嗽细分为风寒袭肺、风热犯肺、风燥伤肺3类,内伤咳嗽细分为痰湿蕴肺、痰热郁肺、肝火犯肺、肺阴亏耗4类。统计发现,肺阴亏虚类在慢性咳嗽中占22.5%,但补阴药却在治疗咳嗽的常用方药中只占6%,然而,目前市售的止咳中成药主要集中在伤风犯肺类以镇咳、祛痰居多,清养肺胃、生津润燥的中成药较少。且现有对肺阴亏虚类咳嗽有效的多为传统汤药,存在质量不易控制,安全、疗效得不到保证,不易贮存、服用剂量大,患者用药顺应性差等缺点,因此,开发新的治疗肺阴亏虚类干咳的中成药对满足临床用药显得尤为重要。
发明内容
针对现有治疗肺阴亏虚类咳嗽的中成药较少,以及现有治疗肺阴虚咳嗽药物质量不易控制,安全,疗效得不到保证的问题,本发明提供一种治疗咳嗽的中药组合物。
以及,本发明还提供上述治疗咳嗽的组合物在制备止咳中药制剂中的应用。
以及,本发明还提供一种止咳颗粒。
以及,本发明还提供一种止咳颗粒的制备方法。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提供的技术方案是:
一种治疗咳嗽的中药组合物,所述组合物包括如下重量份数的原料:地椒5-20份,桑叶5-15份,北沙参20-40份,麦冬20-30份和玉竹10-30份。
肺阴亏耗类咳嗽以肺阴亏耗为里证,因阴虚肺燥,故证见干咳、咳声短促、痰少痰中带血丝、低热、盗汗、口干、舌红、少苔、脉细数,应采用滋阴润肺、润燥止咳的治法。方中沙参、麦冬为君,沙参性味甘寒,养阴清肺,益胃生津;麦冬甘寒,养阴生津,润肺清心;玉竹为臣,玉竹甘寒,养阴润燥,生津止渴,助君药养肺胃阴,润肺生津;桑叶、地椒为佐,桑叶甘寒,疏散风热,清肺润燥,以散燥热;地椒辛而微寒,行气健脾,温中止痛,有培土生金之妙。诸药合用,君臣协力,佐使共辅,甘寒滋阴,清宣燥热,清补同施,培土生金,共治燥伤肺胃阴分,主治肺胃阴虚咳嗽。
地椒为唇形科植物地椒(Thymus quinquecostatus Celak)的干燥地上部分,其味辛,微寒,具有健脾消食,温中散寒,利湿通淋等功效,药理研究表明,地椒具有祛风止咳、平喘、杀菌消炎等作用,具有用量低,作用明显等优点,具有药食两用的价值。体外实验证明,地椒还具有广谱抗菌作用,相当于西药上的抗生素,但是与西药相比,不会产生耐药性,毒副作用较小。咳嗽会导致机体的抵抗力变弱,容易导致细菌感染,地椒在祛风止咳的同时,还能为人体提供有效的保护屏障,防止咳嗽期间细菌感染的发生。
桑叶,性味:甘、苦,寒,归肺、肝经。用于风热感冒,肺热燥咳,头晕头痛,目赤昏花。桑叶善于散风热而泄肺热,肝肺与经络相通,肝气升发,肺气肃降,若肝气郁结,失其升发疏泄之能,则会影响肺气的肃降而导致咳嗽,桑叶可以清肝肺之热,火热得清,则肺气得以肃清而咳嗽自平。桑叶、地椒同为轻疏之品,同入肺经,两者合用,可协同增加桑叶疏散风热、润肺止咳之功。
北沙参,性味:甘、微苦、微寒,归肺、肾经,具有养阴清肺、益胃生津的功效,用于肺热燥咳、劳嗽痰血、热病津伤口渴。肺阴与肾阴相互资生,肾阴下亏,不能上滋肺金,肺苦于燥,肺燥则痒,痒则咳不能止,北沙参可滋养肺肾之阴,是金水相生,则烦热止。研究显示:北沙参不仅有解热镇痛的作用,还可以增强人体免疫力,与地椒协同可防止在机体免疫力下降时肺部感染细菌,预防肺炎并发症的出现,固表护卫。
麦冬,性味:甘、微苦、微寒。归心、肺、胃经。功效:益胃生津、润肺养阴、清心除烦。麦冬可以养阴清心,除烦安神。《素问·咳论》指出“此皆聚于胃,关于肺,使人多涕唾而面浮肿气逆也”,指出咳嗽原因虽多,五脏六腑皆令人咳,但尤与肺胃关系最为密切,胃为咳嗽的病变之源,肺是咳嗽的表现器官,胃感外邪,而导致胃寒、胃热、饮食积滞等病理变化,并由胃入肺而咳,治疗上必须肺胃同治,才能事半功倍。麦冬主肺胃经,在润肺养阴的同时,还可以与地椒、玉竹协同作用,强健脾胃,减少咳嗽的发生。
玉竹,性味:甘,微寒,归肺、胃经。用于肺胃阴伤,燥热咳嗽,咽干口渴,内热消渴。本品味甘,多脂,柔润可食,长于养阴,主要作用于脾胃,故久服不伤脾胃,主治肺阴虚所致的干咳少痰,咽舌燥和温热病后期,或因高烧耗伤津液而出现的津少口渴,食欲不振,胃部不适等症。属滋阴养气补血之品,古人称玉竹平补而润,兼有除风热之功,故能驻颜润肤,祛病延年。玉竹补而不腻,不寒不燥,故有"补益五脏,滋养气血,平补而润,兼除风热"之功效。
中医理论认为,气和津液均是构成人体和维持生命活动的基本物质,气和津液之间相互依存,相互转化,相互制约,密不可分,气能生津,行津,摄津,津能载气。本发明配方中地椒辛香走窜,善开解气,行气健脾,可推动玉竹、麦冬所养的阴津,使津液得脾胃化生,上输于肺,濡润肺阴,咳嗽可止。
优选的,所述治疗咳嗽的组合物包括如下重量份数的原料:地椒8-15份,桑叶7-13份,北沙参25-35份,麦冬15-30份和玉竹15-25份。
优选的,所述治疗咳嗽的组合物包括如下重量份数的原料:地椒10份,桑叶10份,北沙参30份,麦冬20份和玉竹20份。
进一步地,本发明还提供上述治疗咳嗽的中药组合物在制备止咳中药制剂中的应用。
将上述组合物制备成中药制剂,如颗粒剂、片剂、胶囊剂等常见的剂型,克服了传统中药汤剂煎熬费时、服用不便、工艺粗放、缺乏质量控制等弊端,适应了现代社会发展的需求,对确保和稳定临床疗效有明显的优势。
进一步地,本发明还提供一种止咳颗粒,包括上述治疗咳嗽的中药组合物。
进一步地,本发明还提供一种止咳颗粒的制备方法,所述止咳颗粒的制备方法包括以下步骤:
步骤1,按照上述的原料配比称取各组分,向称取的地椒中加水蒸馏提取挥发油;
步骤2,将提取挥发油后的物料过滤,得水提取液和药渣,将所述药渣与桑叶、北沙参、麦冬、玉竹混合,得混合料,加水煎煮2次,每次1-2h,合并煎液,过滤,得滤液;
步骤3,将所述滤液与所述水提取液合并,蒸发浓缩,冷却至室温,加入乙醇,静置,过滤,得醇提液;
步骤4,将所述醇提液浓缩回收乙醇至无醇味,得浸膏,将所述浸膏减压干燥,粉碎为细粉,得干膏粉;
步骤5,向所述干膏粉中加入糊精,混匀,加入乙醇,制成颗粒,干燥,过筛,喷入挥发油,得止咳颗粒。
相对于现有技术,本发明提供的止咳颗粒的制备方法通过两次水提和醇沉,控制蒸发浓缩的温度、低温干燥制备止咳颗粒,更有效地将原料中的有效成分提取出来,最大限度地将原料中无效成分如多糖和蛋白质以及有副作用的成分除去,有利于提高药物的疗效,降低长期服用的副作用;通过将挥发油直接喷淋于颗粒表面可使制备的地椒颗粒具有气味芳香的优点,能提高饮用口感,且与传统煎剂相比,本发明制备的地椒颗粒具有服用剂量小,使用方便、安全有效的优点,提高了患者服药顺应性。且颗粒剂相对于汤剂,有利于控制药品质量,便于贮存和携带。
优选的,步骤1中,所述提取挥发油的过程为:向称取的地椒中加入地椒质量20-25倍的水蒸馏提取4-5h。
通过优选的提取挥发油的方法,可以实现对挥发油的定量提取,挥发油的收集量相当于煎剂中挥发油的利用量,既充分保证药效,又避免挥发油加入量过大可能会引发的不良反应。
优选的,步骤2中,加水量为所述混合料质量的15-20倍。
通过优选的加水量,可以实现对原料中有效成分的充分提取。
优选的,步骤3中,加入乙醇使溶液中乙醇的体积浓度为67%。
将醇沉浓度控制在67%,可以尽量多的除去原料中的无效成分及有副作用的成分,提高浸膏中有效成分的含量。
优选的,步骤3中,蒸发浓缩的过程为:100℃下浓缩至2-3倍量药材体积时,70℃继续浓缩至相对密度1.05-1.08。
通过优选的蒸发浓缩过程,将清高的相对密度控制在1.05-1.08,可以尽量多的除去原料中的无效成分及有副作用的成分,提高浸膏中有效成分的含量。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
实施例1
一种止咳颗粒,所述止咳颗粒包括如下重量份数的原料:
地椒5份,桑叶15份,北沙参20份,麦冬25份和玉竹30份。
上述止咳颗粒的制备步骤如下:
步骤1,按照上述原料配比称取各组分,向称取的地椒中加20倍的水蒸馏提取4h,收集挥发油;
步骤2,将提取挥发油后的物料过100目筛滤过,得水提取液和药渣,将所述药渣与桑叶、北沙参、麦冬、玉竹混合,得混合料,加20倍的水煎煮2次,每次1h,合并煎液,过滤,得滤液;
步骤3,将所述滤液与水提取液合并,100℃下蒸发浓缩至2倍药材量体积时,改用70℃继续浓缩至相对密度1.05的清膏,冷却至室温,将所述清膏中加入95%的乙醇,使乙醇的体积浓度为67%,静置8h,过滤,得醇提液;
步骤4,将所述醇提液在60℃的条件下浓缩回收乙醇至无醇味,得浸膏,将所述浸膏在60℃,0.05MPa的条件下减压干燥,粉碎为50-60目细粉,得干膏粉;
步骤5,向所述干膏粉中加入干膏粉2.5倍重量的糊精,混匀,用相当于干膏粉0.5%倍重量的乙醇做润湿剂,10目筛制成颗粒,80℃干燥2h,24目筛整粒,喷入挥发油,得止咳颗粒。
实施例2
一种止咳颗粒,所述止咳颗粒包括如下重量分数的原料:
地椒10份,桑叶10份,北沙参30份,麦冬20份和玉竹20份。
上述止咳颗粒的制备步骤如下:
步骤1,按照上述原料配比称取各组分,向称取的地椒中加23倍的水蒸馏提取4.5h,收集挥发油;
步骤2,将提取挥发油后的物料过100目筛滤过,得水提取液和药渣,将所述药渣与桑叶、北沙参、麦冬、玉竹混合,得混合料,加18倍的水煎煮2次,每次1.5h,合并煎液,过滤,得滤液;
步骤3,将所述滤液与水提取液合并,100℃下蒸发浓缩至2.5倍药材量体积时,改用70℃继续浓缩至相对密度1.07的清膏,冷却至室温,将所述清膏中加入95%的乙醇,是乙醇的体积浓度为67%,静置8h,过滤,得醇提液;
步骤4,将所述醇提液在60℃的条件下浓缩回收乙醇至无醇味,得浸膏,将所述浸膏在60℃,0.05MPa的条件下减压干燥,粉碎为50-60目细粉,得干膏粉;
步骤5,向所述干膏粉中加入干膏粉2.5倍重量的糊精,混匀,用相当于干膏粉0.8%倍重量的乙醇做润湿剂,10目筛制成颗粒,80℃干燥2h,24目筛整粒,喷入挥发油,得止咳颗粒。
实施例3
一种止咳颗粒,所述止咳颗粒包括如下重量分数的原料:
地椒20份,桑叶5份,北沙参40份,麦冬10份和玉竹10份。
上述止咳颗粒的制备步骤如下:
步骤1,按照上述原料配比称取各组分,向称取的地椒中加25倍的水蒸馏提取5h,收集挥发油;
步骤2,将提取挥发油后的物料过100目筛滤过,得水提取液和药渣,将所述药渣与桑叶、北沙参、麦冬、玉竹混合,得混合料,加15倍的水煎煮2次,每次2h,合并煎液,过滤,得滤液;
步骤3,将所述滤液与水提取液合并,100℃下蒸发浓缩至3倍药材量体积时,改用70℃继续浓缩至相对密度1.08的清膏,冷却至室温,将所述清膏中加入95%的乙醇,是乙醇的体积浓度为67%,静置8h,过滤,得醇提液;
步骤4,将所述醇提液在60℃的条件下浓缩回收乙醇至无醇味,得浸膏,将所述浸膏在60℃,0.05MPa的条件下减压干燥,粉碎为50-60目细粉,得干膏粉;
步骤5,向所述干膏粉中加入干膏粉2.5倍重量的糊精,混匀,用相当于干膏粉1%倍重量的乙醇做润湿剂,10目筛制成颗粒,80℃干燥2h,24目筛整粒,喷入挥发油,得止咳颗粒。
对比例1
本对比例提供一种止咳颗粒,所述止咳颗粒包括如下重量份数的原料:
甘草10份,桑叶10份,北沙参30份,麦冬20份和玉竹20份。
上述止咳颗粒的制备方法与实施例2相同,此处不再赘述。
对比例2
本对比例提供一种止咳颗粒,所述止咳颗粒包括如下重量份数的原料:
地椒10份,桑叶10份,天冬30份,麦冬20份和玉竹20份。
上述止咳颗粒的制备方法与实施例2相同,此处不再赘述。
试验例1止咳作用研究
试验方法:
取小鼠50只,按性别、体重随机分成4组,依次为对照组(急支颗粒)、实施例组、对比例1组、对比例2组、空白组。空白组灌胃等量的生理盐水。适应性饲养3d后,灌胃给药1次/d,连续7d,给药体积均为0.02ml/g体重,末次给药1h,将小鼠逐一放入2.0L密闭干燥容器内,恒压喷入25%浓氨水气雾,喷雾5s引咳,观察并记录其咳嗽潜伏期及2min内咳嗽次数。以咳嗽潜伏期及2min内咳嗽次数作为评价药物镇咳的指标,比较止咳效果,结果见表1。
表1
注:与空白组相比,*P<0.05。
由上表可以看出,实施例组比空白组平均咳嗽潜伏期均延长45秒以上,平均咳嗽次数明显减少,实施例组与对比例组、对照组相比平均咳嗽潜伏期均延长20秒以上、平均咳嗽次数较少,表明本发明药物样品有明显镇咳作用,优于市售急支颗粒。
试验例2抗炎试验
取小鼠50只,按性别、体重随机分成5组,依次为对照组(阿司匹林)、实施例组、对比例1组、对比例2组、空白组。连续给药3d,每日1次,末次给药2h后,在小鼠左耳表面滴涂二甲苯0.05ml致炎,致炎15min后,并两耳根剪下左右二耳,将二耳重叠一起,用直径7mm的打孔器打圆形片,称其左右二耳片重量,并以左右耳片重量差值表示小鼠耳部炎症的肿胀程度。
组别 | 给药剂量(g/Kg) | 耳廓肿胀度(mg) |
空白组 | 15.8±1.6 | |
对照组 | 0.1 | 5.6±2.4* |
对比例1组 | 2.31 | 11.5±1.5* |
对比例2组 | 2.31 | 13.5±3.2* |
实施例组 | 2.31 | 7.2±1.2* |
注:与空白组相比,*P<0.05。
由上表可以看出,本发明实施例制备的止咳颗粒具有较好的抗炎作用。
综上所述,本发明提供的止咳颗粒中各组分相互作用,使其具有显著的止咳功效,且配方中的组分被具有相似功效的其他中药代替,止咳、抗炎效果均明显下降。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换或改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种治疗咳嗽的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述组合物包括如下重量份数的原料:地椒5-20份,桑叶5-15份,北沙参20-40份,麦冬10-25份和玉竹10-30份。
2.如权利要求1所述的治疗咳嗽的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述组合物包括如下重量份数的原料:地椒8-15份,桑叶7-13份,北沙参25-35份,麦冬15-23份和玉竹15-25份。
3.如权利要求1所述的治疗咳嗽的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述组合物包括如下重量份数的原料:地椒10份,桑叶10份,北沙参30份,麦冬20份和玉竹20份。
4.如权利要求1-3任一项所述治疗咳嗽的中药组合物在制备止咳中药制剂中的应用。
5.一种止咳颗粒,其特征在于,包含如权利要求1-3任一项所述的治疗咳嗽的组合物。
6.如权利要求5所述的止咳颗粒,其特征在于,所述止咳颗粒的制备方法包括以下步骤:
步骤1,按照如权利要求1-3任一项所述的原料配比称取各组分,向称取的地椒中加水蒸馏提取挥发油;
步骤2,将提取挥发油后的物料过滤,得水提取液和药渣,将所述药渣与桑叶、北沙参、麦冬、玉竹混合,得混合料,加水煎煮2次,每次1-2h,合并煎液,过滤,得滤液;
步骤3,将所述滤液与所述水提取液合并,蒸发浓缩,冷却至室温,加入乙醇,静置,过滤,得醇提液;
步骤4,将所述醇提液浓缩回收乙醇至无醇味,得浸膏,将所述浸膏减压干燥,粉碎为细粉,得干膏粉;
步骤5,向所述干膏粉中加入糊精,混匀,加入乙醇,制成颗粒,干燥,过筛,喷入挥发油,得止咳颗粒。
7.如权利要求6所述的止咳颗粒,其特征在于,步骤1中,所述提取挥发油的过程为:向称取的地椒中加入地椒质量20-25倍的水蒸馏提取4-5h。
8.如权利要求6所述的止咳颗粒,其特征在于,步骤2中,加水量为所述混合料质量的15-20倍。
9.如权利要求6所述的止咳颗粒,其特征在于,步骤3中,加入乙醇使溶液中乙醇的体积浓度为67%。
10.如权利要求6所述的止咳颗粒,其特征在于,步骤3中,蒸发浓缩的过程为:100℃下浓缩至2-3倍量药材体积时,70℃继续浓缩至相对密度1.05-1.08。
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