CN108496856A - 一种草鱼的养殖方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及水产养殖技术领域,具体涉及一种草鱼的养殖方法,在投放鱼苗前对池塘进行消毒处理,同时对鱼苗进行消毒,降低了鱼苗病变的可能性;本发明对鱼苗采用分级饲养,可以进行捕获2次,充分利用了池塘资源,且养殖草鱼中混有其他鱼类,避免了饲料的浪费,在养殖期间采用生石灰水调节水质,有效防止水质恶化引发草鱼的病变,且防治病虫害时采用外泼和内服相结合的方法,有效控制草鱼病变,提高鱼苗的成活率,降低养殖风险,提高经济效益,在投喂饲料时采用配合饲料和青饲料相结合的投喂方式,可以有效改善草鱼的肉质,改善口感,满足了人们的生活需求。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及水产养殖技术领域,具体涉及一种草鱼的养殖方法。
背景技术
草鱼也称鲩,是我国特有的“四大家鱼”之一,为典型的草食性鱼类,其营养丰富,蛋白质含量高,并且具有生长速度较快,适应性强,产量高的特点,是人们的主要食用蛋白。2009年全国草鱼养殖产量为408万吨,占到“四大家鱼”总产的40%以上,产业地位十分重要。普通草鱼养殖方法已基本成熟完善,有网箱、池塘、水库等精养技术,其放养模式、投喂技术、饲料配方也是多种多样,产量不断刷新,养殖技术不断提高,但均以提高产量为目的。而人工养殖中为了提高淡水鱼的生产性能和预防细菌性疫病,早期所采取的方法是在淡水鱼饲料中添加一些抗生素,例如喹乙醇、硝基呋喃类、杆菌肽锌等。这种方法简单并能达到预期效果,但是其负面影响则是:①未被代谢掉的抗生素蓄积于鱼肉中,造成鱼肉中抗生素超标,甚至严重超标,危害消费者的健康;②长期使用抗生素饲料添加剂,淡水鱼免疫机能下降,导致病菌产生耐药性,增加了疫病暴发风险和疫病控制难度。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题,本发明提供了一种草鱼的养殖方法,具体技术方案如下:
一种草鱼的养殖方法包括以下步骤:
(1)选择池塘:池塘面积以12-15亩为宜,水深2-2.5米,淤泥厚度为15-20厘米,每3-5亩池塘配套功率为3千瓦的增氧机1台;
(2)池塘清整:将池塘排干水,晾晒20-25天以上,鱼种放养前10-15天注水30-40厘米,每亩用生石灰120-150公斤清塘消毒;
(3)鱼种放养:每亩放规格为50-150克/尾的草鱼苗400-500尾,规格为150-350克/尾的草鱼苗200-300尾,规格为350-500克/尾的草鱼苗100-200尾,规格为50-70克/尾的鲫鱼苗100-200尾,规格为150-200克/尾的鲢鱼苗50-100尾,规格为150-200克/尾的鳙鱼苗10-50尾;鱼种放养前用质量分数为1-3%食盐水浸泡消毒5-10分钟;
(4)饲料投喂:投喂青饲料5-7天后投喂配合饲料3-5天,如此交替;每天投喂2次,上午8-9点投喂一次和晚上8-9点投喂1次;早上投喂的饲料量为晚上投喂的饲料量的80%-90%;
(5)水质管理:6-10月每天下午1-3时开增氧机增氧2-3小时,凌晨适时增氧1-2小时;连续阴天应提早增氧;每隔10-15天给池塘换水10-15厘米;6-9月,每隔3-5天加注新水1次,每次加水10-15厘米,每隔15-20天每平方米水面用生石灰粉80-90克喷洒1次;
(6)病害防治:采取内服外泼相结合的防治方法,外泼具体为:采用漂白粉或二氧化氯溶液消毒2-3天;内服具体为:每50公斤鱼体重用0.3-0.4公斤药粉与面粉糊混合后制成颗粒状,然后拌入饲料中投喂3-5天;
(7)适时捕捞:待池塘中40%-50%数量的草鱼成熟时即可在清晨水温较低时起捕一次。
进一步,所述池塘设置入水口和出水口,在入水口和出水口处设置细度为80-90目的铁丝网,以防止池塘内的鱼苗逃逸或者池塘外的鱼苗窜入池塘中。
进一步,所述青饲料为水草、旱草、黑麦草和苏丹草中的至少1种。
进一步,所述配合饲料包括以下重量份的组分:玉米粉10-15份、鱼粉15-20份、精草10-15份、麦麸6-8份、次粉8-10份、豆粕10-15份、蛋氨酸0.1-0.5份、赖氨酸0.1-0.5份、谷氨酸0.1-0.5份、维生素1-5份。
进一步,所述药粉包括以下重量份的组分:大黄10-15份、黄柏3-5份、黄岑2-3份;制作方法为:将大黄、黄柏、黄岑碾磨至细度为100-120目。
进一步,所述面粉糊的制作方法为:取30-50份面粉加水20-40份混合而成;所述药粉与面粉糊的混合比例为1-2:2-3。
进一步,所述漂白粉的泼撒规格为:每平方米水面施撒2-5毫克。
进一步,所述二氧化氯溶液的泼洒规格为:每平方米水面倒入质量分数为10%-15%的二氧化氯溶液0.5-1升。
本发明的有益效果为:本发明提供了一种草鱼的养殖方法,在投放鱼苗前对池塘进行消毒处理,同时对鱼苗进行消毒,降低了鱼苗病变的可能性;本发明对鱼苗采用分级饲养,可以进行捕获2次,充分利用了池塘资源,且养殖草鱼中混有其他鱼类,避免了饲料的浪费,在养殖期间采用生石灰水调节水质,有效防止水质恶化引发草鱼的病变,且防治病虫害时采用外泼和内服相结合的方法,有效控制草鱼病变,提高鱼苗的成活率,降低养殖风险,提高经济效益,在投喂饲料时采用配合饲料和青饲料相结合的投喂方式,可以有效改善草鱼的肉质,改善口感,满足了人们的生活需求。
具体实施方式
为了更好的理解本发明,下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明:
实施例1:
一种草鱼的养殖方法包括以下步骤:
(1)选择池塘:池塘面积以12亩为宜,水深2米,淤泥厚度为15厘米,每3亩池塘配套功率为3千瓦的增氧机1台。池塘设置入水口和出水口,在入水口和出水口处设置细度为80目的铁丝网,以防止池塘内的鱼苗逃逸或者池塘外的鱼苗窜入池塘中。
(2)池塘清整:将池塘排干水,晾晒20天以上,鱼种放养前10天注水30厘米,每亩用生石灰120公斤清塘消毒。
(3)鱼种放养:每亩放规格为50克/尾的草鱼苗500尾,规格为150克/尾的草鱼苗300尾,规格为350克/尾的草鱼苗200尾,规格为50克/尾的鲫鱼苗200尾,规格为150克/尾的鲢鱼苗100尾,规格为150克/尾的鳙鱼苗50尾;鱼种放养前用质量分数为1%食盐水浸泡消毒10分钟。
(4)饲料投喂:投喂青饲料5天后投喂配合饲料3天,如此交替;每天投喂2次,上午8点投喂一次和晚上8点投喂1次;早上投喂的饲料量为晚上投喂的饲料量的80%%;青饲料为水草、和苏丹草。配合饲料包括以下重量份的组分:玉米粉10份、鱼粉15份、精草10份、麦麸6份、次粉8份、豆粕10份、蛋氨酸0.1份、赖氨酸0.1份、谷氨酸0.1份、维生素1份。
(5)水质管理:6-10月每天下午1时开增氧机增氧2小时,凌晨适时增氧1小时;连续阴天应提早增氧;每隔10天给池塘换水10厘米;6-9月,每隔3天加注新水1次,每次加水10厘米,每隔15天每平方米水面用生石灰粉80克喷洒1次;
(6)病害防治:采取内服外泼相结合的防治方法,外泼具体为:采用漂白粉消毒2天;漂白粉的泼撒规格为:每平方米水面施撒2毫克。内服具体为:每50公斤鱼体重用0.3公斤药粉与面粉糊混合后制成颗粒状,然后拌入饲料中投喂3天;药粉包括以下重量份的组分:大黄10份、黄柏3份、黄岑2份;制作方法为:将大黄、黄柏、黄岑碾磨至细度为100目。面粉糊的制作方法为:取30份面粉加水200份混合而成;药粉与面粉糊的混合比例为1:2。
(7)适时捕捞:待池塘中40%数量的草鱼成熟时即可在清晨水温较低时起捕一次。
实施例2:
一种草鱼的养殖方法包括以下步骤:
(1)选择池塘:池塘面积以15亩为宜,水深2.5米,淤泥厚度为20厘米,每5亩池塘配套功率为3千瓦的增氧机1台。池塘设置入水口和出水口,在入水口和出水口处设置细度为90目的铁丝网,以防止池塘内的鱼苗逃逸或者池塘外的鱼苗窜入池塘中。
(2)池塘清整:将池塘排干水,晾晒25天以上,鱼种放养前15天注水40厘米,每亩用生石灰150公斤清塘消毒。
(3)鱼种放养:每亩放规格为150克/尾的草鱼苗400尾,规格为350克/尾的草鱼苗200尾,规格为500克/尾的草鱼苗100尾,规格为70克/尾的鲫鱼苗100尾,规格为200克/尾的鲢鱼苗50尾,规格为200克/尾的鳙鱼苗10尾;鱼种放养前用质量分数为3%食盐水浸泡消毒5分钟。
(4)饲料投喂:投喂青饲料7天后投喂配合饲料5天,如此交替;每天投喂2次,上午9点投喂一次和晚上9点投喂1次;早上投喂的饲料量为晚上投喂的饲料量的90%;青饲料为旱草、黑麦草。配合饲料包括以下重量份的组分:玉米粉15份、鱼粉20份、精草15份、麦麸8份、次粉10份、豆粕15份、蛋氨酸0.5份、赖氨酸0.5份、谷氨酸0.5份、维生素5份。
(5)水质管理:6-10月每天下午3时开增氧机增氧3小时,凌晨适时增氧2小时;连续阴天应提早增氧;每隔15天给池塘换水15厘米;6-9月,每隔5天加注新水1次,每次加水15厘米,每隔20天每平方米水面用生石灰粉90克喷洒1次;
(6)病害防治:采取内服外泼相结合的防治方法,外泼具体为:采用二氧化氯溶液消毒3天;二氧化氯溶液的泼洒规格为:每平方米水面倒入质量分数为10%的二氧化氯溶液0.5。内服具体为:每50公斤鱼体重用0.4公斤药粉与面粉糊混合后制成颗粒状,然后拌入饲料中投喂5天;药粉包括以下重量份的组分:大黄15份、黄柏5份、黄岑3份;制作方法为:将大黄、黄柏、黄岑碾磨至细度为120目。面粉糊的制作方法为:取50份面粉加水40份混合而成;药粉与面粉糊的混合比例为2:3。
(7)适时捕捞:待池塘中40%-50%数量的草鱼成熟时即可在清晨水温较低时起捕一次。
本发明不局限于以上所述的具体实施方式,以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施案例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (8)
1.一种草鱼的养殖方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
(1)选择池塘:池塘面积以12-15亩为宜,水深2-2.5米,淤泥厚度为15-20厘米,每3-5亩池塘配套功率为3千瓦的增氧机1台;
(2)池塘清整:将池塘排干水,晾晒20-25天以上,鱼种放养前10-15天注水30-40厘米,每亩用生石灰120-150公斤清塘消毒;
(3)鱼种放养:每亩放规格为50-150克/尾的草鱼苗400-500尾,规格为150-350克/尾的草鱼苗200-300尾,规格为350-500克/尾的草鱼苗100-200尾,规格为50-70克/尾的鲫鱼苗100-200尾,规格为150-200克/尾的鲢鱼苗50-100尾,规格为150-200克/尾的鳙鱼苗10-50尾;鱼种放养前用质量分数为1-3%食盐水浸泡消毒5-10分钟;
(4)饲料投喂:投喂青饲料5-7天后投喂配合饲料3-5天,如此交替;每天投喂2次,上午8-9点投喂一次和晚上8-9点投喂1次;早上投喂的饲料量为晚上投喂的饲料量的80%-90%;
(5)水质管理:6-10月每天下午1-3时开增氧机增氧2-3小时,凌晨适时增氧1-2小时;连续阴天应提早增氧;每隔10-15天给池塘换水10-15厘米;6-9月,每隔3-5天加注新水1次,每次加水10-15厘米,每隔15-20天每平方米水面用生石灰粉80-90克喷洒1次;
(6)病害防治:采取内服外泼相结合的防治方法,外泼具体为:采用漂白粉或二氧化氯溶液消毒2-3天;内服具体为:每50公斤鱼体重用0.3-0.4公斤药粉与面粉糊混合后制成颗粒状,然后拌入饲料中投喂3-5天;
(7)适时捕捞:待池塘中40%-50%数量的草鱼成熟时即可在清晨水温较低时起捕一次。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种草鱼的养殖方法,其特征在于:所述池塘设置入水口和出水口,在入水口和出水口处设置细度为80-90目的铁丝网,以防止池塘内的鱼苗逃逸或者池塘外的鱼苗窜入池塘中。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种草鱼的养殖方法,其特征在于:所述青饲料为水草、旱草、黑麦草和苏丹草中的至少1种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种草鱼的养殖方法,其特征在于:所述配合饲料包括以下重量份的组分:玉米粉10-15份、鱼粉15-20份、精草10-15份、麦麸6-8份、次粉8-10份、豆粕10-15份、蛋氨酸0.1-0.5份、赖氨酸0.1-0.5份、谷氨酸0.1-0.5份、维生素1-5份。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种草鱼的养殖方法,其特征在于:所述药粉包括以下重量份的组分:大黄10-15份、黄柏3-5份、黄岑2-3份;制作方法为:将大黄、黄柏、黄岑碾磨至细度为100-120目。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种草鱼的养殖方法,其特征在于:所述面粉糊的制作方法为:取30-50份面粉加水20-40份混合而成;所述药粉与面粉糊的混合比例为1-2:2-3。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种草鱼的养殖方法,其特征在于:所述漂白粉的泼撒规格为:每平方米水面施撒2-5毫克。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种草鱼的养殖方法,其特征在于:所述二氧化氯溶液的泼洒规格为:每平方米水面倒入质量分数为10%-15%的二氧化氯溶液0.5-1升。
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CN111642428A (zh) * | 2020-06-19 | 2020-09-11 | 西藏自治区农牧科学院水产科学研究所 | 一种尖裸鲤的室内水泥池高密度养殖方法及其系统 |
CN113439691A (zh) * | 2021-07-08 | 2021-09-28 | 马鞍山市徽农农业科技发展有限公司 | 一种小麦香草鱼的饲喂及养殖方法 |
CN116686755A (zh) * | 2023-06-21 | 2023-09-05 | 广州市诚一水产养殖有限公司 | 一种提升草鱼品质的咸淡水三级养殖方法 |
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CN111642428A (zh) * | 2020-06-19 | 2020-09-11 | 西藏自治区农牧科学院水产科学研究所 | 一种尖裸鲤的室内水泥池高密度养殖方法及其系统 |
CN113439691A (zh) * | 2021-07-08 | 2021-09-28 | 马鞍山市徽农农业科技发展有限公司 | 一种小麦香草鱼的饲喂及养殖方法 |
CN116686755A (zh) * | 2023-06-21 | 2023-09-05 | 广州市诚一水产养殖有限公司 | 一种提升草鱼品质的咸淡水三级养殖方法 |
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