CN108484790A - 一种分子量可控的水溶性氨基多糖的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种分子量可控的水溶性氨基多糖的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B37/00—Preparation of polysaccharides not provided for in groups C08B1/00 - C08B35/00; Derivatives thereof
- C08B37/0006—Homoglycans, i.e. polysaccharides having a main chain consisting of one single sugar, e.g. colominic acid
- C08B37/0024—Homoglycans, i.e. polysaccharides having a main chain consisting of one single sugar, e.g. colominic acid beta-D-Glucans; (beta-1,3)-D-Glucans, e.g. paramylon, coriolan, sclerotan, pachyman, callose, scleroglucan, schizophyllan, laminaran, lentinan or curdlan; (beta-1,6)-D-Glucans, e.g. pustulan; (beta-1,4)-D-Glucans; (beta-1,3)(beta-1,4)-D-Glucans, e.g. lichenan; Derivatives thereof
- C08B37/0027—2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-glucans; Derivatives thereof
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种分子量可控的水溶性氨基多糖的制备方法:向烘干至恒重的氨基多糖中加水混合均匀,在搅拌条件下向其中加入负载型杂多酸催化剂,负载型杂多酸催化剂的加入量为氨基多糖质量的1‑12%,控制反应温度5‑80℃,再加入浓度30%H2O2,H2O2与氨基多糖的摩尔比是(0.5‑5):1,以1000‑20000rpm转速搅拌0.5‑10h,进行水解反应,待温度下降至10‑30℃,调节pH值至6‑12,反应终止。本发明以负载型杂多酸作为催化剂,以双氧水作为氧化剂,通过控制反应温度、体系酸碱度、搅拌速度和反应时间,实现分子量可控、分布范围可控、性能更加稳定,该方法反应速度快,整个反应过程在水溶液中进行,负载型杂多酸催化剂可回收重复利用,对环境友好,符合“绿色化学”的理念。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于药用生物材料技术领域,具体涉及一种分子量可控的水溶性氨基多糖的制备方法。
背景技术
氨基多糖(chitosan,CS)是从昆虫、甲壳类动物骨骼和真菌细胞壁及一些绿藻中提取的甲壳质脱乙酰基衍生物,是由2-氨基-2-脱氧-β-D-葡萄糖通过β-1,4糖苷键连接的,分子量通常从数十万到数百万不等。氨基多糖已经成为海洋生化产业的主要品种,广泛应用于食品工业、功能材料、医药工业、环境保护、轻纺工业、日用化工等领域。由于其来源丰富、对人体无毒、优良的生物相溶性和可降解性等优点,倍受世界各国药学研究人员的瞩目。
研究表明氨基多糖分子量不同,其理化性质和生物学功能不同。当氨基多糖在一定条件下降解成不同分子量的低聚糖或称寡糖后,其溶解性大大提高,易于被吸收,且具有抗菌,抗肿瘤和提高动、植物免疫力和防御能力的作用,因而比几丁质和大分子氨基多糖具有更高价值。但是,氨基多糖有效的降解技术,特别是降解控制技术,一直没有被攻克。目前,氨基多糖的降解技术主要有酸降解法、酶解法、氧化降解和超声波降解等。酸降解法如:乙酸水解、Horowitz法降解、盐酸(或乙酸)-亚硝酸盐法等降解时间较长,需要用离子柱分离,过程困难,特别是不易得到高级的低聚糖。酶解法具有特异性,可选择性的切断氨基多糖分子中特定的β-1,4糖苷键,从而制得特定分子量的氨基多糖或寡糖,目前,采用的氨基多糖水解酶主要有几丁聚糖酶(chitosanase,ec3.2.1.99)、溶菌酶(lysozyme,c3.2.1.17)和n-乙酰葡萄糖氨酶等。除了这些专一性的水解酶外,还发现包括糖酶、蛋白酶、脂肪酶等在内的三十多种水解酶对氨基多糖有非专一性水解作用。由于生物酶本身来源昂贵,再加上酶对氨基多糖的水解的产量非常有限,而且生产工艺中分离纯化工程繁杂,造成酶解氨基多糖技术在产业化方面的困难,目前尚没有产业化。过氧化氢法和超声波降解,这两种方法可以提高氨基多糖降解的生产量并缩短生产时间,但明显的不足是产品呈黄褐色,易吸潮、不稳定等。因此,研究氨基多糖理想的降解技术仍是国内外科技界研究的热点之一。
发明内容
针对目前缺乏有效的氨基多糖降解控制技术的上述问题,本发明提供一种分子量可控的水溶性氨基多糖的制备方法,以负载型杂多酸作为催化剂,以双氧水作为氧化剂,通过控制反应温度、体系酸碱度、搅拌速度和反应时间,实现分子量可控、分布范围可控、性能更加稳定;该方法反应速度快,整个反应过程在水溶液中进行,负载型杂多酸催化剂可回收重复利用,对环境友好,符合“绿色化学”的理念。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种分子量可控的水溶性氨基多糖的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
向烘干至恒重的氨基多糖中加水混合均匀,在搅拌条件下向其中加入负载型杂多酸催化剂,负载型杂多酸催化剂的加入量为氨基多糖质量的1-12%,控制反应温度5-80℃,再加入浓度30%H2O2,H2O2与氨基多糖的摩尔比是(0.5-5):1,以1000-20000rpm转速搅拌0.5-10h,进行水解反应,待温度下降至10-30℃,调节pH值至6-12,反应终止,得到一定分子量的水溶性氨基多糖。
进一步的,所述向烘干至恒重的氨基多糖中加水,氨基多糖与水的质量比是(0.04-0.12): 1。
进一步的,所述杂多酸催化剂选自钨硅酸、磷钼酸和磷钨酸中的至少一种。
进一步的,调节pH值的试剂选自10%碳酸氢铵、氢氧化钠、氨水、氢氧化钾、盐酸和醋酸中的一种或多种。
进一步的,搅拌转速为8000-20000rpm,搅拌时间1-4h,反应温度45-80℃。
进一步的,反应终止后抽滤,回收负载型杂多酸催化剂,滤液减压蒸馏浓缩,加入小分子有机溶剂,静置过夜,过滤或离心,干燥得到水溶性氨基多糖固体制品。
进一步的,所述有机溶剂选自无水乙醇、丙二醇、乙醚、丙酮中的至少一种。
进一步的,水溶性氨基多糖的干燥温度为20-45℃。
有益效果:
本发明采用负载型杂多酸催化制备了一种分子量可控水溶性氨基多糖,本发明深入揭示氨基多糖在负载型杂多酸催化下的降解规律,建立可控制其降解度的制备技术,为生产在分子量和脱乙酰度基本单一的低分子量氨基多糖产品提供新的制造技术,具有巨大的社会效益及经济效益。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步详细说明。
实施例1
将适量水加入到烘干至恒重的氨基多糖中混合均匀,氨基多糖与水的质量比为0.04:1,在搅拌条件下向其中加入负载型磷钼酸催化剂,负载型磷钼酸催化剂的加入量为氨基多糖质量的1%,升温至45℃,再加入浓度30%H2O2,H2O2与氨基多糖的摩尔比是0.5:1,以7000rpm 高速搅拌3h,待温度下降至30℃,调节pH值至12,终止反应,抽滤,回收负载型磷钼酸催化剂,滤液减压蒸馏浓缩,加入6倍体积的无水乙醇,放置过夜,抽滤,45℃干燥即得到水溶性氨基多糖产品。
经过测定,得到的水溶性氨基多糖的数均分子量为8000Da;原料氨基多糖和降解产物水溶性氨基多糖的脱乙酰度经测定没有明显变化,表明整个降解过程对氨基多糖的脱乙酰度几乎不产生影响,产品的性能比较稳定。
实施例2
将适量水加入到烘干至恒重的氨基多糖中混合均匀,氨基多糖与水的质量比为0.08:1,在搅拌条件下向其中加入负载型钨硅酸催化剂,负载型钨硅酸催化剂的加入量为氨基多糖质量的5%,升温至60℃,再加入浓度30%H2O2,H2O2与氨基多糖的摩尔比是2.5:1,以6000rpm 高速搅拌2h,待温度下降至20℃,调节pH值至10,终止反应,抽滤,回收负载型钨硅酸催化剂,滤液减压蒸馏浓缩,加入4倍体积的丙二醇,放置过夜,抽滤,30℃干燥即得到水溶性氨基多糖产品。
经过测定,得到的水溶性氨基多糖的数均分子量为5000Da;原料氨基多糖和降解产物水溶性氨基多糖的脱乙酰度经测定没有明显变化,表明整个降解过程对氨基多糖的脱乙酰度几乎不产生影响,产品的性能比较稳定。
实施例3
将适量水加入到烘干至恒重的氨基多糖中混合均匀,氨基多糖与水的质量比为0.12:1,在搅拌条件下向其中加入负载型磷钨酸催化剂,负载型磷钨酸催化剂的加入量为氨基多糖质量的5%,升温至75℃,再加入浓度30%H2O2,H2O2与氨基多糖的摩尔比是5:1,以5000rpm 高速搅拌1h,待温度下降至10℃,调节pH值至8,终止反应,抽滤,回收负载型磷钨酸催化剂,滤液减压蒸馏浓缩,加入2倍体积的丙酮,放置过夜,抽滤,20℃干燥即得到水溶性氨基多糖产品。
经过测定,得到的水溶性氨基多糖的数均分子量为1500Da;原料氨基多糖和降解产物水溶性氨基多糖的脱乙酰度经测定没有明显变化,表明整个降解过程对氨基多糖的脱乙酰度几乎不产生影响,产品的性能比较稳定。
以上所述的实施例仅是对本发明的优选实施方式进行描述,并非对本发明的范围进行限定,在不脱离本发明设计精神的前提下,本领域普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案作出的各种变形和改进,均应落入本发明权利要求书确定的保护范围内。
Claims (8)
1.一种分子量可控的水溶性氨基多糖的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
向烘干至恒重的氨基多糖中加水混合均匀,在搅拌条件下向其中加入负载型杂多酸催化剂,负载型杂多酸催化剂的加入量为氨基多糖质量的1-12%,控制反应温度5-80℃,再加入浓度30%H2O2,H2O2与氨基多糖的摩尔比是(0.5-5):1,以1000-20000rpm转速搅拌0.5-10h,进行水解反应,待温度下降至10-30℃,调节pH值至6-12,反应终止,得到一定分子量的水溶性氨基多糖。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述向烘干至恒重的氨基多糖中加水,氨基多糖与水的质量比是(0.04-0.12):1。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述杂多酸催化剂选自钨硅酸、磷钼酸和磷钨酸中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,调节pH值的试剂选自10%碳酸氢铵、氢氧化钠、氨水、氢氧化钾、盐酸和醋酸中的一种或多种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,搅拌转速为5000-7000rpm,搅拌时间1-3h,反应温度45-75℃。
6.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,反应终止后抽滤,回收负载型杂多酸催化剂,滤液减压蒸馏浓缩,加入小分子有机溶剂,静置过夜,过滤或离心,干燥得到水溶性氨基多糖固体制品。
7.根据权利要求6所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述有机溶剂选自无水乙醇、丙二醇、乙醚、丙酮中的至少一种。
8.根据权利要求6所述的制备方法,其特征在于,水溶性氨基多糖的干燥温度为20-45℃。
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