CN108472320A - 抗癌疫苗组合 - Google Patents
抗癌疫苗组合 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种抗癌疫苗组合。特定言之,本发明涉及一种医药组合,其包含PD‑L1/PD‑1表达抑制剂及与病毒抗原相关联的疫苗的组合。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种抗癌疫苗组合。特定言之,本发明涉及一种医药组合,其包含PD-L1/PD-1表达抑制剂及与病毒抗原相关联的疫苗的组合。
背景技术
程式化死亡-1(PD-1)为在T细胞活化中提供抑制信号的共刺激分子。程式死亡配体-1(PD-L1)通过结合至其受体PD-1以建立肿瘤微环境作用为人类T细胞反应的抑制剂。此继而因肿瘤免疫监视导致肿瘤进展。PD-L1蛋白质大量地表达于多种人类癌症(包括非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC))中。PD-L1-阳性肺肿瘤当与PD-L1-阴性肺肿瘤相比时显示明显减低数量的肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞(TIL),此表明肿瘤细胞中PD-L1的表达可造成NSCLC中抗肿瘤免疫反应的负调节的结果。另外,PD-L1的高度表达可通过抑制肿瘤浸润树突细胞成熟而造成不良预后及肿瘤免疫逃逸的结果。
NSCLC的不良预后与上皮-间叶转化(EMT)(驱使癌症转移的重要过程)相关联。EMT与NSCLC的发炎性肿瘤微环境及在多种可标靶的免疫检查点分子诸如PD-L1提高共存的免疫活化高度相关联。另看到与呈现EMT表达型的CD4+Foxp3+调节T细胞增加肿瘤浸润相关联。PD-1/PD-L1轴因此在NSCLC的肿瘤进展、EMT、及不良预后中起重要作用。
人类乳头瘤病毒(HPV)16/18感染与肺癌发展相关联。HPV16/18E6致癌蛋白(oncoprotein)通过减少IL-10、TIMP-3、桩蛋白(paxillin)及FOXM1的表达来促进肿瘤生长及侵袭。由这些分子的E6-介导所诱发的肿瘤侵袭是通过触发EMT发生。因此,吾人推测E6致癌蛋白可诱发PD-L1表达,此将在NSCLC中诱发肿瘤侵袭并赋予不良预后。
US20110177088涉及一种治疗恶性血液病的方法,其包括对有此需要的个体投与治疗上有效量的PD1配体的步骤,其中所述PD1配体是选自由PD-L1或其与PD1结合的片段、PD-L2或其与PD1结合的片段、及抗-PD1抗体或其与PD1结合的片段组成的群,且其中所述恶性血液病是选自由B-细胞起源的慢性淋巴球性白血病(CLL)、B-细胞来源的小淋巴球性淋巴瘤(SLL)、多发性骨髓瘤、急性B细胞白血病及套细胞淋巴瘤组成的群。US 20130149305提供一种可溶性CD80蛋白质,其与程式化死亡配体1(PD-L1)相互作用且通过此抑制PD-L1与经T-细胞表达的程式化死亡1(PD1)受体的相互作用,并因此将由PD-L1介导的免疫抑制最小化。已发现肿瘤浸润T细胞以旁分泌方式上调对肿瘤细胞的免疫抑制路径,诸如PD-L1。特定言之,Vamsidhar Velcheti等人指出PD-L1表达与肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞显著相关联及针对罹患非小细胞肺癌的患者的研究显示,越多的PD-L1蛋白质及mRNA表达与局部淋巴球性浸润物的增多及存活期的延长相关联(Vamsidhar Velcheti等人,Programmed DeathLigand-1Expression in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer,Laboratory Investigation(2014)94,107-116)。
由抗体介导的PD-L1阻断可引起罹患NSCLC的患者的肿瘤持久地消退及疾病长期地稳定。初步数据显示一个小型子组的NSCLC患者中HPV16/18 E6致癌蛋白与PD-L1表达正相关。在TC-1动物模型中,致癌蛋白疫苗(Lm-LLO-E7疫苗)抑制肿瘤生长。(Peng X、HussainSF、Paterson Y.The ability of two Listeria monocytogenes vaccines targetinghuman papillomavirus-16 E7 to induce an antitumor response correlates withmyeloid dendritic cell function.Journal of immunology 2004;172:6030-8;GunnGR、Zubair A、Peters C、Pan ZK、Wu TC、Paterson Y.Two Listeria monocytogenesvaccine vectors that express different molecular forms of human papillomavirus-16(HPV-16)E7 induce qualitatively different T cell immunity thatcorrelates with their ability to induce regression of established tumorsimmortalized by HPV-16.Journal of immunology 2001;167:6471-9)。
然而,需要进一步开发在免疫疗法中有效的药物。
发明内容
本发明提供一种医药组合,其包含抗-PD-L1抗体或抗-PD-1抗体及与HPV抗原相关联的疫苗的组合。
在一些实施例中,所述抗-PD-L1抗体为阿特珠单抗(atezolizumab)或MEDI4736。在一些实施例中,所述抗-PD-1抗体为纳武单抗(nivolumab)或帕姆单抗(pembrolizumab)。在一些实施例中,所述与HPV相关联的疫苗为携带Lm-LLO-E6融合蛋白质的载体。优选地,李斯特菌(Listeria)物种为单核细胞增多性李斯特菌(Listeria monocytogenes)。
本发明亦提供一种用于治疗及/或预防罹患与病毒相关联的肿瘤的个体的肿瘤生长、侵袭及/或转移的方法,其包括投与抗-PD-L1抗体或抗-PD-1抗体及与HPV抗原相关联的疫苗。
本发明亦提供一种用于改良个体的PD-1/PD-L1癌症免疫疗法的方法,其包括投与抗-PD-L1抗体或抗-PD-1抗体及与HPV抗原相关联的疫苗的组合。
在一些实施例中,所述抗-PD-L1抗体或抗-PD-1抗体的给药量在约0.1mg/kg至约30mg/kg范围内。在一些实施例中,所述与HPV抗原相关联的疫苗的给药量在约1x 104至约1x 1012CFU/剂范围内。
在一些实施例中,所述与HPV相关联的癌症为肺癌、子宫颈癌、阴道癌、外阴癌、阴茎癌、肛门癌、直肠癌及口咽癌。在一个实施例中,所述与HPV相关联的癌症为受HPV感染的肺癌或子宫颈癌。在一个实施例中,所述与HPV相关联的癌症为PD-L1阳性肺肿瘤。优选地,所述肺癌为非小细胞肺癌。
图式简单说明
图1显示源自NSCLC患者的肿瘤中PD-L1表达的代表性免疫染色结果。
图2A至C显示用于评估HPV16/18 E6表达、PD-L1表达、及两种表达的组合对NSCLC患者总存活期(OS)及无复发存活期(RFS)的影响的卡普兰-迈尔(Kaplan-Meier)存活期分析。
图3A与B显示由HPV16 E6介导的PD-L1表达可造成群落形成及软琼脂生长能力的结果。(A)用E6 shRNA或E7 shRNA转染TL-1及SiHa细胞;用表达E6的质粒转染TL-4及C33A细胞48h。进行西方墨点分析以评估TL-1及TL-4细胞中E6、E7及PD-L1的表达。(B)用表达E6shRNA及PD-L1的质粒转染TL-1及SiHa细胞;用表达E6的质粒及PD-L1 shRNA转染TL-4及C33A细胞48h。7天后评估群落形成能力。14天后判定软琼脂生长能力。
图4A及B显示Lm-LLO-E6疫苗+抗-PD-L1 mAb的组合导致较强地抑制裸小鼠中皮下肿瘤生长。裸小鼠在皮下注射表达E6及E7致癌蛋白的受HPV16感染的TL-1细胞。7天后,用抗-PD-L1 mAb(25μg/小鼠)、Lm-LLO-E6(E6)疫苗(5×106CFU/小鼠)、Lm-LLO-E7(E7)疫苗(5×106CFU/小鼠)或抗体加上一种或两种疫苗的组合经腹腔注射来处理这些小鼠。绘示7个组的代表性肿瘤负荷(图4A)。以7天的时间间隔自第0天至第70天测量每组裸小鼠的肿瘤体积(图4B)。由每组五只裸小鼠的肿瘤体积计算得平均值±S.E.M.值(cm3)。
图5A及B显示裸小鼠中由TL-1及SiHa细胞诱导的转移性肺肿瘤结节可通过组合的抗-PD-L1mAb+Lm-LLO-E6疫苗疗法得以有效地抑制。用受HPV16感染的(A)TL-1细胞或(B)SiHa细胞经静脉内注射这些裸小鼠。14天后,用抗-PD-L1 mAb(25μg/小鼠)、Lm-LLO-E6(E6)疫苗(5×106CFU/小鼠)、Lm-LLO-E7(E7)疫苗(5×106CFU/小鼠)或抗体与疫苗的组合经腹腔注射来处理这些小鼠。每组小鼠的肺肿瘤结节显示代表性H&E染色。亦显示每组小鼠中肺肿瘤结节的数量。数据表示为平均值±SD。通过司图登特t-检定来统计学确定P值。*与对照相比,P<0.05;**与对照相比,P<0.001;#与抗-PD-L1 mAb+Lm-LLO-E6疫苗相比,P<0.05。
图6显示用于评估PD-L1 mAb、Lm-LLO-E6(E6)疫苗、Lm-LLO-E7(E7)疫苗、PD-L1mAb+Lm-LLO-E6疫苗的组合及PD-L1 mAb+Lm-LLO-E7疫苗的组合对注射TL-1或SiHa细胞的小鼠的存活期影响的卡普兰-迈尔分析。实验的最后一天为第77天。
具体实施方式
本文中所定义的术语具有为本发明相关领域中的一般技术者所普遍了解的含意。术语诸如“一”、“一个”及“所述”非旨在仅指单数,而是包括其中一特定实例可用于说明的一般类别。本文中的术语用于描述本发明的特定实施例,但除非如于专利申请范围中所列出,否则其使用并不限制本发明。例如,术语“细胞”包括多数个细胞,包括其混合物。
如本文中所使用,术语“肿瘤”及“癌症”可互换使用且是指不具有生理功能且起因于不受控制的通常快速的细胞增殖产生的组织的恶性新生长。
如本文中所使用,“癌细胞”或“肿瘤细胞”是指在活体内、离体及在组织培养中具有不一定涉及吸收新遗传物质的自发或诱导的表型变化的癌、癌前或转化细胞。虽然转化可起因于感染转化病毒且并入新的基因组核酸、或吸收外源核酸发生,但其亦可自发地或在暴露于致癌物后,通过此使得内源基因突变而发生。转化/癌症的实例是,例如,在适宜的动物宿主诸如裸小鼠中的形态变化、细胞永生化、异常生长的控制、病灶形成、增生、恶性病、肿瘤特异性标志物水平、侵袭、肿瘤生长或抑制、及类似(活体外、活体内及离体)。
如本文中所使用,术语“医药上可接受的载剂”是指包括任何标准医药载剂,例如,磷酸盐缓冲盐水溶液、水及乳液(诸如油/水或水/油乳液)、及各种类型的润湿剂。这些组合物亦可包括稳定剂及防腐剂及任何上述载剂,但额外的限制条件为其等在活体内使用是可接受的。关于载剂、稳定剂及佐剂的实例,参见Martin的REMINGTON'S PHARM.SCI.,第18版,Mack Publ.Co.,Easton,Pa.(1995)及“PHYSICIAN'S DESK REFERENCE”,第58版,MedicalEconomics,Montvale,N.J.(2004)。
如本文中所使用,术语“个体”在本文中定义为包括动物,诸如哺乳动物,包括(但不限于)灵长类动物(例如人类)、牛、绵羊、山羊、马、狗、猫、兔、大鼠、小鼠及类似者。在特定实施例中,所述个体为人类。术语“个体”及“患者”在本文中可互换用于指例如哺乳动物个体,诸如人类。
如本文中所使用,术语“治疗(treat/treating/treatment)”是指根除或改善疾病或病症、或一或多种与所述疾病或病症相关联的症状。在某些实施例中,这些术语是指通过对罹患此种疾病或病症的个体投与一或多种预防性或治疗性药剂使得所述疾病或病症的扩散或恶化最小化。在一些实施例中,这些术语是指在诊断出特定疾病或特定疾病的症状发作后投与本文中所提供的化合物或抗体或剂型(含或不含一或多种额外活性剂)。
如本文中所使用,术语“抗体”意欲包括完整分子以及其包含抗原结合位点的片段二者。这些包括(但不限于)不含完整抗体的Fc片段的Fab及F(ab')2片段、及双特异性抗体。
如本文中所使用,术语“预防(prevent/preventing/prevention)”是指防止疾病或病症或其一或多种症状的发作、复发或扩散。在某些实施例中,这些术语是指在症状发作前尤其对处在本文中所提供的疾病或病症风险中的患者用本文中所提供的化合物或抗体或剂型(含或不含一或多种其他额外活性剂)治疗或投与其。这些术语包涵抑制或减轻所述特定疾病的症状。就此而言,术语“预防”可与术语“预防性治疗”互换使用。
如本文中所使用,术语“复发”是指治疗后癌症已有所缓解的个体再度具有癌细胞的情况。
如本文中所使用,术语“难治愈”或“抗性”是指个体甚至在强化治疗后体内具有残留癌细胞的情形。
如本文中所使用,术语“耐药性”是指当疾病对一或多种药物的治疗无应答时的状况。耐药性可是内因性的,此意指疾病从未应答过所述一或多种药物,或其可是后天性的,此意指疾病停止对所述疾病先前已有应答的所述一或多种药物的应答。
如本文中所使用,术语“抗癌药物”或“癌症治疗剂”意欲包括抗增生药物及化疗剂。
如本文中所使用,术语“共同投与”及“与···组合”包括除非另有指示,否则在未指定的时间限制内同时、合并、分开或连续地投与两种或更多种治疗剂。在一个实施例中,这些治疗剂是在相同组合物或单位剂型中。在其他实施例中,这些治疗剂是在分开组合物或单位剂型中。
如本文中所使用,术语“分开”治疗使用是指在相同时间或在实质上相同时间通过不同途径投与至少两种活性成分。
如本文中所使用,术语“连续”治疗使用是指在不同时间投与至少两种活性成分,投药途径是相同或不同的。更特定言之,连续使用是指在开始投与另一种或其他活性成分前完全地投与一种活性成分。因此,可在投与另一种或其他活性成分前历时几分钟、几小时或几天投与一种活性成分。
如本文中所使用,术语“同时”治疗使用是指依相同途径且在相同时间或在实质上相同时间投与至少两种活性成分。
在一个态样中,本发明提供一种医药组合,其包含抗-PD-L1抗体或抗-PD-1抗体及与HPV抗原相关联的疫苗的组合。在一个实施例中,所述组合包含约5至约50mg/mL的抗-PD-L1抗体或抗-PD-1抗体及约1 x 104至约1 x 1012CFU/剂的与HPV抗原相关联的疫苗。
在一些实施例中,组合中的所述抗-PD-L1抗体或抗-PD-1抗体的量为约5mg至约45mg、约5mg至约40mg、约5mg至约35mg、约5mg至约30mg、约10mg至约45mg、约10mg至约40mg、约10mg至约35mg、约10mg至约30mg、约15mg至约45mg、约15mg至约40mg、约15mg至约35mg、约15mg至约30mg、约20mg至约45mg、约20mg至约40mg、约20mg至约35mg或约20mg至约30mg。
在一些实施例中,组合中的所述与HPV抗原相关联的疫苗的量为约1 x 105至约1x 1012CFU/剂、约1 x 106至约1 x 1012CFU/剂、约1 x 107至约1 x 1012CFU/剂、约1 x 108至约1 x 1012CFU/剂、约1 x 106至约1 x 1011CFU/剂、约1 x 106至约1 x1010CFU/剂、约1 x107至约1 x 1011CFU/剂、约1 x 107至约1 x 1010CFU/剂、约1x 108至约1 x 1011CFU/剂或约1 x 108至约1 x 1010CFU/剂。
在另一个态样中,本发明提供一种用于治疗及/或预防罹患与HPV相关联的肿瘤的个体中肿瘤生长、侵袭及/或转移的方法,其包括投与抗-PD-L1抗体或抗-PD-1抗体及与HPV抗原相关联的疫苗。在一个实施例中,所述抗-PD-L1抗体或抗-PD-1抗体及与HPV抗原相关联的疫苗可同时、合并、分开或连续地投与。在一个实施例中,这些肿瘤是与HPV相关联的肿瘤。
在另一个态样中,本发明提供一种用于改良个体中的PD-1/PD-L1癌症免疫疗法的方法,其包括投与抗-PD-L1抗体或抗-PD-1抗体及与HPV抗原相关联的疫苗的组合。在一个实施例中,所述抗-PD-L1抗体或抗-PD-1抗体及与HPV抗原相关联的疫苗可同时、合并、分开或连续地投与。
在一个实施例中,所述方法可改良癌症的预后。
在一些实施例中,所述与HPV相关联的肿瘤为肺肿瘤、子宫颈肿瘤、阴道肿瘤、外阴肿瘤、阴茎肿瘤、肛门肿瘤、直肠肿瘤、黑色素瘤、非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)、头部及颈部鳞状细胞癌(HNSCC)及口咽肿瘤。在一个实施例中,所述与HPV相关联的肿瘤为受HPV感染的肺或子宫颈肿瘤。在一个实施例中,所述与HPV相关联的肿瘤是PD-L1-阳性肺肿瘤。优选地,所述肺肿瘤为非小细胞肺肿瘤。
在一个实施例中,所述抗-PD-L1抗体为阿特珠单抗或MEDI4736。在一个实施例中,所述抗-PD-1抗体为纳武单抗或帕姆单抗。
在一个实施例中,所述与HPV相关联的疫苗为治疗性与HPV相关联的疫苗。在一个实施例中,所述与HPV相关联的疫苗为携带Lm-LLO-E6融合蛋白质的载体。优选地,所述携带Lm-LLO-E6融合蛋白质的载体为携带表达Lm-LLO-E6融合蛋白质的质粒的李斯特菌。优选地,所述李斯特菌物种为单核细胞增多性李斯特菌。
如下为Lm-LLO-E6融合蛋白质的核酸序列及氨基酸序列。
DNA(1803 bp)
ATGAAAAAAATAATGCTAGTTTTTATTACACTTATATTAGTTAGTCTACCAATTGCGCAACAAACTGAAGCAAAGGATGCATCTGCATTCAATAAAGAAAATTCAATTTCATCCATGGCACCACCAGCATCTCCGCCTGCAAGTCCTAAGACGCCAATCGAAAAGAAACACGCGGATGAAATCGATAAGTATATACAAGGATTGGATTACAATAAAAACAATGTATTAGTATACCACGGAGATGCAGTGACAAATGTGCCGCCAAGAAAAGGTTACAAAGATGGAAATGAATATATTGTTGTGGAGAAAAAGAAGAAATCCATCAATCAAAATAATGCAGACATTCAAGTTGTGAATGCAATTTCGAGCCTAACCTATCCAGGTGCTCTCGTAAAAGCGAATTCGGAATTAGTAGAAAATCAACCAGATGTTCTCCCTGTAAAACGTGATTCATTAACACTCAGCATTGATTTGCCAGGTATGACTAATCAAGACAATAAAATAGTTGTAAAAAATGCCACTAAATCAAACGTTAACAACGCAGTAAATACATTAGTGGAAAGATGGAATGAAAAATATGCTCAAGCTTATCCAAATGTAAGTGCAAAAATTGATTATGATGACGAAATGGCTTACAGTGAATCACAATTAATTGCGAAATTTGGTACAGCATTTAAAGCTGTAAATAATAGCTTGAATGTAAACTTCGGCGCAATCAGTGAAGGGAAAATGCAAGAAGAAGTCATTAGTTTTAAACAAATTTACTATAACGTGAATGTTAATGAACCTACAAGACCTTCCAGATTTTTCGGCAAAGCTGTTACTAAAGAGCAGTTGCAAGCGCTTGGAGTGAATGCAGAAAATCCTCCTGCATATATCTCAAGTGTGGCGTATGGCCGTCAAGTTTATTTGAAATTATCAACTAATTCCCATAGTACTAAAGTAAAAGCTGCTTTTGATGCTGCCGTAAGCGGAAAATCTGTCTCAGGTGATGTAGAACTAACAAATATCATCAAAAATTCTTCCTTCAAAGCCGTAATTTACGGAGGTTCCGCAAAAGATGAAGTTCAAATCATCGACGGCAACCTCGGAGACTTACGCGATATTTTGAAAAAAGGCGCTACTTTTAATCGAGAAACACCAGGAGTTCCCATTGCTTATACAACAAACTTCCTAAAAGACAATGAATTAGCTGTTATTAAAAACAACTCAGAATATATTGAAACAACTTCAAAAGCTTATACAGATGGAAAAATTAACATCGATCACTCTGGAGGATACGTTGCTCAATTCAACATTTCTTGGGATGAAGTAAATTATGATCTCGAGCACCAAAAGAGAACTGCAATGTTTCAGGACCCACAGGAGCGACCCAGAAAGTTACCACAGTTATGCACAGAGCTGCAAACAACTATACATGATATAATATTAGAATGTGTGTACTGCAAGCAACAGTTACTGCGACGTGAGGTATATGACTTTGCTTTTCGGGATTTATGCATAGTATATAGAGATGGGAATCCATATGCTGTATGTGATAAATGTTTAAAGTTTTATTCTAAAATTAGTGAGTATAGACATTATTGTTATAGTTTGTATGGAACAACATTAGAACAGCAATACAACAAACCGTTGTGTGATTTGTTAATTAGGTGTATTAACTGTCAAAAGCCACTGTGTCCTGAAGAAAAGCAAAGACATCTGGACAAAAAGCAAAGATTCCATAATATAAGGGGTCGGTGGACCGGTCGATGTATGTCTTGTTGCAGATCATCAAGAACACGTAGAGAAACCCAGCTGTAA(SEQ ID NO:1)
蛋白质(601 aa)
MKKIMLVFITLILVSLPIAQQTEAKDASAFNKENSISSMAPPASPPASPKTPIEKKHADEIDKYIQGLDYNKNNVLVYHGDAVTNVPPRKGYKDGNEYIVVEKKKKSINQNNADIQVVNAISSLTYPGALVKANSELVENQPDVLPVKRDSLTLSIDLPGMTNQDNKIVVKNATKSNVNNAVNTLVERWNEKYAQAYPNVSAKIDYDDEMAYSESQLIAKFGTAFKAVNNSLNVNFGAISEGKMQEEVISFKQIYYNVNVNEPTRPSRFFGKAVTKEQLQALGVNAENPPAYISSVAYGRQVYLKLSTNSHSTKVKAAFDAAVSGKSVSGDVELTNIIKNSSFKAVIYGGSAKDEVQIIDGNLGDLRDILKKGATFNRETPGVPIAYTTNFLKDNELAVIKNNSEYIETTSKAYTDGKINIDHSGGYVAQFNISWDEVNYDLEHQKRTAMFQDPQERPRKLPQLCTELQTTIHDIILECVYCKQQLLRREVYDFAFRDLCIVYRDGNPYAVCDKCLKFYSKISEYRHYCYSLYGTTLEQQYNKPLCDLLIRCINCQKPLCPEEKQRHLDKKQRFHNIRGRWTGRCMSCCRSSRTRRETQL*(SEQ ID NO:2)
在一个实施例中,所述个体为已复发性或难治愈个体。在一个实施例中,所述个体为哺乳动物。优选地,所述个体为灵长类(例如人类)、牛、绵羊、山羊、马、狗、猫、兔、大鼠或小鼠。
在一个实施例中,所述抗-PD-L1抗体或抗-PD-1抗体的给药量在约0.01mg/kg至约20mg/kg范围内。优选地,所述抗-PD-L1抗体或抗-PD-1抗体的含量为约0.01mg/kg至约15mg/kg、约0.01mg/kg至约10mg/kg、约0.01mg/kg至约5mg/kg、约0.01mg/kg至约1mg/kg、约0.05mg/kg至约20mg/kg、约0.05mg/kg至约15mg/kg、约0.05mg/kg至约10mg/kg、约0.05mg/kg至约5mg/kg、约0.1mg/kg至约20mg/kg、约0.1mg/kg至约15mg/kg、约0.1mg/kg至约10mg/kg、约0.1mg/kg至约5mg/kg、约0.5mg/kg至约20mg/kg、约0.5mg/kg至约15mg/kg、约0.5mg/kg至约10mg/kg、约0.5mg/kg至约5mg/kg、约1mg/kg至约20mg/kg、约1mg/kg至约15mg/kg、约1mg/kg至约10mg/kg、约1mg/kg至约5mg/kg、约5mg/kg至约20mg/kg、约5mg/kg至约15mg/kg、约5mg/kg至约10mg/kg、约5mg/kg至约5mg/kg、约5mg/kg至约10mg/kg、约10mg/kg至约20mg/kg、或约10mg/kg至约15mg/kg。
在一个实施例中,所述与HPV抗原相关联的疫苗的给药量在约1 x 104至约1x1012CFU/剂、约1 x 105至约1 x 1012CFU/剂、约1 x 106至约1 x 1012CFU/剂、约1x 107至约1 x 1012CFU/剂、约1 x 108至约1 x 1012CFU/剂、约1 x 106至约1 x 1011CFU/剂、约1 x 106至约1 x 1010CFU/剂、约1 x 107至约1 x 1011CFU/剂、约1 x107至约1 x 1010CFU/剂、约1 x108至约1 x 1011CFU/剂或约1 x 108至约1 x 1010CFU/剂范围内。
本发明的医药组合可进一步包含一或多种医药上可接受的载剂、赋形剂及其他的经并入调配物中以提供改良的转移、递送、耐受及类似的药剂(本文中统称为“医药上可接受的载剂或稀释剂”)。许多适宜的调配物可在为所有药物化学家已知的处方集中发现:Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences,Mack Publishing Company,Easton,Pa。这些调配物包括(例如)粉剂、膏剂、软膏、胶冻、蜡、油、脂质、含脂质(阳离子或阴离子)微脂粒、DNA共轭物、无水吸收膏、水包油型及油包水型乳液、乳液碳蜡(各种分子量的聚乙二醇)、半固态凝胶及半固态含碳蜡混合物。亦可参见Powell等人,“Compendium of excipients forparenteral formulations”PDA,1998,J Pharm Sci Technol 52:238-311。
因此,设计用于口服、舌、舌下、口颊及口腔外投药的组合/组合物可在不需要过度实验下由相关技术中熟知的方法,例如,用惰性稀释剂或用可食载剂进行制造。这些组合物可密封于明胶胶囊中或压缩成锭剂。为口服治疗投药的目的,本发明的医药组合物可并入赋形剂并呈锭剂、片剂、胶囊、酏剂、悬浮液、糖浆、糯米纸囊剂(wafer)、口嚼锭及类似形式使用。
锭剂、丸剂、胶囊、片剂及类似物亦可包含黏合剂、受体、崩解剂、润滑剂、甜味剂及矫味剂。黏合剂的一些实例包括微晶纤维素、黄蓍胶或明胶。赋形剂的实例包括淀粉或乳糖。崩解剂的一些实例包括海藻酸、玉米淀粉及类似物。润滑剂的实例包括硬脂酸镁或硬脂酸钾。滑动剂的一个实例为胶态二氧化硅。甜味剂的一些实例包括蔗糖、醣精及类似物。矫味剂的实例包括薄荷、水杨酸甲酯、柳橙香精及类似物。
优选地,本发明的组合/组合物是以非经肠式,诸如(例如)通过静脉内、肌肉内、鞘内或皮下注射、经鼻内、经阴道、经直肠、经舌、经舌下、经颊、经颊内及经皮投与给患者。非经肠投药可通过将本发明组合物并入至溶液或悬浮液中来实现。这些溶液或悬浮液亦可包含无菌稀释剂,诸如注射用水、盐水溶液、固定油、聚乙二醇、甘油、丙二醇或其他合成溶剂。非经肠调配物亦可包含抗细菌剂(诸如(例如)苄醇或对羟基苯甲酸甲酯)、抗氧化剂(诸如(例如)抗坏血酸或亚硫酸氢钠)及螯合剂(诸如EDTA)。亦可添加缓冲剂(诸如乙酸盐、柠檬酸盐或磷酸盐)及用于调整渗透性的试剂(诸如氯化钠或葡萄糖)。可将非经肠制剂密封于由玻璃或塑料制成的安瓿、丢弃式针筒或多剂量小瓶中。
直肠投药包括投与医药组合/组合物至直肠或大肠中。此可使用栓剂或灌肠剂来实现。可由相关技术中已知的方法轻易地制得栓剂调配物。例如,可通过加热甘油至约120℃,将果胶组合物溶解于所述甘油中,混合所述经加热的甘油,此后,可添加纯水,然后将所述热混合物倒入至栓剂模具中来制备栓剂调配物。
经皮投药包括穿过皮肤经皮吸收组合物。经皮调配物包括贴剂、软膏、霜剂、凝胶、药膏及类似物。
本发明的一个实施例显示包含抗-PD-L1抗体或抗-PD-1抗体及与HPV抗原相关联的疫苗的组合可是一用于抑制由受HPV感染的肺及子宫颈癌细胞诱导的肿瘤生长及转移的有效治疗。
实例
材料及方法
用于以下实例中的Lm-LLO、LLO-E6及Lm-LLO-E7是指Peng X、Hussain SF、Paterson Y。两种靶向人类乳头瘤病毒-16E7的单核细胞增多性李斯特菌疫苗诱导抗肿瘤反应的能力与骨髓树突细胞功能相关。Journal of immunology 2004;172:6030-8;及GunnGR、Zubair A、Peters C、Pan ZK、Wu TC、Paterson Y。两种表达人类乳头瘤病毒-16(HPV-16)E7的不同分子形式的单核细胞增多性李斯特菌疫苗载体定性诱导不同T细胞免疫性,其与其诱导由HPV-16永生化的已确立肿瘤消退的能力相关。Journal of immunology 2001;167:6471-9。用于以下实例中的抗-PD-L1抗体为BioLegend目录号329716,RRID:AB_11149168中的抗体。
研究个体
从1998年与2004年期间在台中荣民总医院(Taichung Veterans GeneralHospital)胸外科(台湾台中市)做过原发性NSCLC手术切除的122位患者收集肺肿瘤样本。要求这些患者提交书面知情同意书;所述研究已获机构审查部(Institutional ReviewBoard)(TMUH第201301051号)批准。依世界卫生组织(World Health Organization)分类系统在组织学上判定所收集的每个样本的肿瘤类型及阶段。通过病历阅读得到癌症复发资料并由胸外科医生证实。通过病历阅读及台湾癌症登记中心收集临床参数及OS及RFS资料。
细胞系
TL-1及TL-4细胞由Y.-W.Cheng博士(台湾台北市台北医学大学癌症生物学及药物发现研究所)友好提供(10)。SiHa及C33A细胞是从食品工业发展研究所生物资源保存及研究中心(台湾新竹市)获得。将TL-1、TL-4及C33A癌细胞系维持在RPMI-1640培养基(HyClone,Logan,UT)中。将SiHa癌细胞系维持在DMEM培养基(HyClone,Logan,UT)中。培养基包含补充青霉素(100U/mL)及链霉素(100mg/mL)的10%胎牛血清(FBS)。依供应商说明书培养这些细胞。一旦复苏,立刻通过细胞形态监视、生长曲线分析、经同工酶学(isoenzymology)及染色体核型分析(karyotyping)验证物种、经短串联重复序列特性分析验证同一性、及污染检查来例行鉴认(每6个月一次;在2012年12月最后一次测试这些细胞)这些细胞系。
免疫组织化学分析
进行免疫组织化学分析以评估PD-L1蛋白质表达。将经福尔马林固定且经石蜡包埋的样本切成3μm的切片,安置于玻璃上,并在37℃下干燥过夜。接着在二甲苯中使所有切片脱蜡,经过醇再水化,并在磷酸盐缓冲盐水中洗涤。后续所有洗涤均使用所述缓冲液。在微波烘箱中于柠檬酸盐缓冲液(pH 6.0)中加热这些切片两次5min且接着在室温下依公知的链霉抗生物素过氧化物酶法(LSAB Kit K675,DAKO,Carpinteria,CA)培养60分钟。用3,3'-二胺基联苯胺使信号显影5分钟并用苏木精(hematoxylin)将这些切片对比染色。省去一级抗体得到阴性对照。分别由三位观测者评估信号的强度。
质粒的建构、转染、及稳定纯系选择
先前描述过HPV 16 E6 cDNA质粒及HPV 16 E6小发夹(sh)RNA。PD-L1cDNA质粒是购自Addgene(Addgene Company,Cambridge,MA)。PD-L1 shRNA是自中央研究院RNAi核心设施(RNAi Core Facility,Academia Sinica)(台湾台北市)获得。补充表2中呈现shRNA的靶序列。具有扰视序列及空载体表达的非特异性shRNA分别在敲低及异位表达实验中用作对照。先前已描述转染及稳定纯系选择程序。
非固着依赖性软琼脂群落形成
检定非固着依赖性生长作为细胞在软琼脂板上形成群落的能力。底琼脂是由6孔板中的含10%胎牛血清及0.5%琼脂糖的生长培养基组成。将总共300个细胞再悬浮于含10%胎牛血清及0.4%琼脂糖的生长培养基中并置于底琼脂的顶部。在37℃下于5%CO2的潮湿培养箱中使这些细胞生长。观察群落并在培养14天后用显微镜定量,且计数直径大于100μm的群落。
皮下动物模型
六至八周龄雌性BALB/c裸小鼠及C57Bl/6小鼠是购自实验动物中心(LaboratoryAnimal Center)(台湾台北)。依已获NLAC动物照护及使用机构审查部核准的方案照护这些小鼠。以5×106CFU/小鼠的剂量经腹膜内注射Lm-LLO-E6(E6)疫苗及Lm-LLO-E7(E7)疫苗。以25μg/小鼠的剂量经静脉内注射从BioLegend(San Diego,CA)获得的抗-PD-L1 mAb。所述实验的目标是测定相比对照组由不同治疗诱导的肿瘤生长的变化。简言之,在第0天以500,000个TL-1细胞/小鼠皮下植入小鼠的右胁中。第7天(肿瘤尺寸~3至4mm直径),这些小鼠是经腹膜内注射Lm-LLO-E6或Lm-LLO-E7及/或经静脉内注射抗-PD-L1 mAb。在植入肿瘤后的第14天、第21天及第28天另用抗-PD-L1 mAb处理这些小鼠三次。对照组小鼠是仅注射TL-1或SiHa细胞。每3至4天使用数位游标卡尺测量肿瘤,并运用公式V=(W2×L)/2,其中V为体积,L为长(长径),及W为宽(短径),计算得肿瘤体积。补充图1中呈现流程图。
尾静脉转移性肺肿瘤动物模型
以5×106CFU/小鼠的剂量经腹膜内注射Lm-LLO-E6(E6)及Lm-LLO-E7(E7)疫苗。以25μg/小鼠的剂量经静脉内注射抗-PD-L1 mAb。本实验的目标是测定不同治疗诱导的肿瘤体积及存活期的变化。简言之,在第0天通过尾静脉注射以100,000个TL-1或SiHa细胞/小鼠注射这些小鼠。第14天,这些小鼠经腹膜内注射Lm-LLO-E6或Lm-LLO-E7疫苗及/或经静脉内注射抗-PD-L1 mAb。在注射肿瘤细胞后的第21天、第28天、第35天用抗-PD-L1 mAb再处理这些小鼠三次。这些小鼠继续正常饮食直到死亡。
统计分析
使用如先前所描述的SPSS统计软体程式(第17.0版;SPSS,Inc.,Chicago,IL)进行所有统计分析(18,19)。进行统计测试的双侧方差分析,及P值<0.050在统计学上视为显著。
实例1抗-PD-L1抗体及/或与Lm-LLO-E6疫苗的组合物于肿瘤中的治疗实验
1.Lm-LLO-E6疫苗的发展。
用于E6肿瘤Ag研究中的李斯特菌菌株为Lm-LLO-E6(游离基因表达系统中的hly-E6融合基因)、Lm-E6(被整合至李斯特菌基因组中的单复本E6基因盒)、Lm-LLO-NP(游离基因表达系统中的hly-NP融合基因)及Lm-Gag(被整合至染色体中的单复本HIV-1 Gag基因盒)。先前已描述Lm-LLO-NP(亦称为DP-L2028)(Chen CJ、Hsu LS、Lin LS、Lin SH、Chen MK、Wang HK、Hsu JD、Lee H、Yeh KT(2012)Loss of nuclear expression of Kruppel-likefactor 4 is associated with poor prognosis in patients with oral cancer.HumanPathology,43,1119-1125)及Lm-Gag(亦称为ZY-18)(Wang YC、Sung WW、Wu TC、Wang L、Chien WP、Cheng YW、Chen CY、Shieh SH及Lee H*(2012).Interleukin-10 haplotype maypredict survival and relapse in resected non-small cell lung cancer.PLOS ONE,7,7,e39525)。通过PCR,使用引物5'-GGCTCGAGCATGGAGATACACC-3'(SEQ ID NO:6)(XhoI位点加下划线)及5'-GGGGACTAGTTTATGGTTTCTGAGAACA-3'(SEQ ID NO:7)(SpeI位点加下划线),扩增E6,并接合至pCR2.1(Invitrogen,San Diego,CA)中。通过以XhoI及SpeI双重消解自pCR2.1切下E6并接合至pGG-55中。表达系统pGG-55是模仿pDP-2028(Chen CJ、Hsu LS、Lin LS、Lin SH、Chen MK、Wang HK、Hsu JD、Lee H、Yeh KT(2012).Loss of nuclearexpression of Kruppel-like factor 4 is associated with poor prognosis inpatients with oral cancer.Human Pathology,43,1119-1125)。将hly-E6融合基因及prfA选殖至pAM401(多复本穿梭质粒)中,得到pGG-55。hly启动子驱使hly基因产物的通过XhoI位点连接至E6基因之前441个aa(LLO)表达。得到经转录且经分泌为LLO-E6的hly-E6融合基因。通过删除LLO的溶血性C端,消除在融合蛋白质中的溶血性活性。pGG-55上亦包含多潜能转录因子(prfA)。通过用pGG-55转化李斯特菌的prfA阴性菌株(XFL-7)(宾夕法尼亚州大学Hao Shen博士的一个成果),吾人选择质粒在活体内滞留。使用引物5'-GGG GGC TAGCCC TCC TTT GAT TAG TAT ATT C-3'(SEQ ID NO:8)(NheI位点加下划线)及5'-CTC CCTCGA GAT CAT AAT TTA CTT CAT C-3'(SEQ ID NO:9)(XhoI位点加下划线)来产生hly启动子及基因片段。使用引物5'-GAC TAC AAG GAC GAT GAC CGA CAA GTG ATA ACC CGG GATCTA AAT AAA TCC GTT T-3'(SEQ ID NO:10)(XbaI位点加下划线)及5'-CCC GTC GAC AGCTC TTC TTG GTG AAG-3'(SEQ ID NO:11)(SalI位点加下划线)来PCR扩增prfA基因。通过将包含驱使E6的表达及分泌的hly启动子及信号序列的表达盒引入至单核细胞增多性李斯特菌基因组的orfZ域中来产生Lm-E6。通过PCR,使用引物5'-GCG GAT CCC ATG GAG ATACAC CTA C-3'(SEQ ID NO:12)(BamHI位点加下划线)及5'-GCT CTA GAT TAT GGT TTC TGAG-3'(SEQ ID NO:13)(XbaI位点加下划线),扩增E6。接着将E6接合至pZY-21穿梭载体中。所得质粒(pZY-21-E6)为表达系统,其包含先前所述的插在对应于单核细胞增多性李斯特菌基因组的orf X、Y、Z域的1.6-kb序列中间的表达盒。用pZY-21-E6转化单核细胞增多性李斯特菌菌株10403S。同源域允许通过同源重组将E6基因盒插入至orfZ域中。纯系是经筛选以用于将E6基因盒整合至orfZ域中。使细菌生长在含(Lm-LLO-E6及Lm-LLO-NP)或不含(Lm-E6及ZY-18)氯霉素(20μg/ml)的脑心浸液培养基中。在-80℃下以等分试样冷冻细菌。
2.Lm-LLO-E6疫苗对已确立的肿瘤生长的影响
六至八周龄雌性BALB/c裸小鼠及C57Bl/6小鼠是购自实验室动物中心(台湾台北市)。依NLAC动物照护及使用机构审查部核准的方案照护这些小鼠。TL1细胞由Cheng YW博士友好提供。从ATCC(Manassas,VA)获得通过共转染人类乳头瘤病毒株16(HPV16)早期蛋白质6及7(E6及E7)及经活化的ras致癌蛋白至初代C57BL/6小鼠肺上皮细胞衍生得的TC-1细胞,并在37℃与5%CO2下使这些细胞生长在补充10%FBS、青霉素与链霉素(各100U/ml)及L-麸酰胺酸(2mM)的RPMI 1640中。含或不含人类乳头瘤病毒-16(HPV-16)E6及E7的李斯特菌疫苗载体(Lm-LLO、LLO-E6及Lm-LLO-E7)由Advaxis Inc.提供。以5×106CFU/小鼠的剂量经腹膜内注射两种Lm-LLO、LLO-E6及Lm-LLO-E7。抗-PD-L1及抗-PD-1单株抗体是从CureTech(Israel)获得并以50μg/小鼠的剂量经静脉内注射。用于流式细胞术的所有经萤光标记的抗体及适宜的同型对照是购自BD Biosciences(San Jose,CA),如早先所述进行旨在分析肿瘤生长及存活期的治疗实验。简言之,于第0天,在右胁中以皮下方式,以500,000个细胞/小鼠,C57Bl/6小鼠植入TC-1细胞及BALB/c裸小鼠植入TL-1细胞。第8天(肿瘤尺寸为~3至4mm直径),适宜组的动物(每组5只小鼠)经腹膜内注射Lm-LLO或Lm-LLO-E6或Lm-LLO-E7,含或不含经静脉内注射抗-PD-L1或抗-PD-1抗体。在植入肿瘤后的第15天再次用疫苗及单株抗体处理这些小鼠。另一组小鼠不进行处理。每3至4天使用数位游标卡尺测量肿瘤,并利用公式V=(W2×L)/2(其中V为体积,L为长(长径)及W为宽(短径))计算得肿瘤体积。
实例2抗-PD-L1或抗-PD-1单株抗体及/或与Lm-LLO或Lm-LLO-E6或Lm-LLO-E7疫苗的组合物于转移性肿瘤中的治疗实验
1.抗-PD-L1(BioLegend目录号329716,RRID:AB_11149168)或抗-PD-1单株抗体及/或与Lm-LLO-E6或-E7疫苗的组合在TC-1-诱导的转移性肺肿瘤形成中的治疗实验。
六至八周龄雌性BALB/c裸小鼠及C57Bl/6小鼠是购自实验动物中心(台湾台北市)。依NLAC动物照护及使用机构审查部核准的方案照护这些小鼠。含或不含人类乳头瘤病毒-16(HPV-16)E6及E7的李斯特菌疫苗载体(Lm-LLO、Lm-LLO-E6及Lm-LLO-E7)由AdvaxisInc.提供。以5×106CFU/小鼠的剂量经腹膜内注射Lm-LLO、Lm-LLO-E6及Lm-LLO-E7。抗-PD-L1及抗-PD-1单株抗体是从BioLegend(目录号329716、329926)获得并分别以0.1mg/kg至30mg/kg的剂量经静脉内注射。用于流式细胞术的所有经萤光标记的抗体及适宜的同型对照是购自BD Biosciences(San Jose,CA)。如先前所述(参考)进行旨在分析肿瘤生长及存活期的治疗实验。简言之,第0天以500,000个TC-1细胞/小鼠在右胁中皮下植入这些小鼠。第8天(肿瘤尺寸为~3至4mm直径),适宜组的动物(每组5只小鼠)经腹膜内注射Lm-LLO或Lm-LLO-E6或Lm-LLO-E7及含或不含经静脉内注射抗-PD-L1或抗-PD-1抗体。在植入肿瘤后的第15天用Lm-LLO、或Lm-LLO-E6或Lm-LLO-E7疫苗及抗-PD-L1或抗-PD-1抗体再次处理这些小鼠。另一组小鼠不进行处理。每3至4天使用数位游标卡尺测量肿瘤,且利用公式V=(W2×L)/2(其中V为体积,L为长(长径)及W为宽(短径)计算得肿瘤体积。在m-LLO、LLO-E6或Lm-LLO-E7组合抗-PD-L1或抗-PD-1抗体的组中,肿瘤体积几乎减小100%,而在单独抗-PD-L1的组中,肿瘤体积减小约10%。
2.小鼠树突细胞的单离、纯化及PD-L1表达的分析
如吾人先前所述从骨髓单离出小鼠树突细胞(DC)并纯化。为获得人类DC,从健康成年血液供体(台湾健康研究所血液库)单离单核细胞。简言之,通过梯度离心,使用Ficoll-Paque Plus(Amersham Biosciences),单离周边血液单核细胞(PBMC),且洗涤后,允许其在37℃下黏附至组织培养板2h。通过洗涤移除未黏附的细胞,且在37℃、5%CO2下于板中的由RPMI 1640、2mM L-麸酰胺酸、青霉素(100U/ml)、链霉素(100ug/ml)、10mM HEPES、10%胎牛血清、10mM非必需氨基酸、1mM丙酮酸钠及5×10-5M 2-巯基乙醇组成的完全RPMI1640中培养黏附的单核细胞。在GM-CSF(1000U/ml)及IL-4(500U/ml)的存在下培养这些细胞4天以成为不成熟的DC。第3天连同新鲜培养基一起再次添加GM-CSF及IL-4。使用台盼蓝(trypan blue)拒染法评估培养物中DC的生存力。台盼蓝阴性细胞被视为是活的。培养来自单核细胞的DC 4至5天后,收集DC并转移至6孔板(1×106个细胞/ml)。添加不同浓度的Lm-LLO或Lm-LLO-E6或Lm-LLO-E7至DC培养物(0、107、108及109CFU/ml)一小时,接着添加健大霉素(gentamicin)(50ug/ml)以杀死李斯特菌,并培养48小时。用适宜的经萤光标记的抗-PD-L1抗体(PE抗小鼠PD-L1及FITC抗人类PD-L1)染色DC。同型匹配mAb用作阴性对照。使用FACSCalibur细胞仪及CellQuest软体(BD Biosciences)分析经染色的细胞。
3.周边及肿瘤中抗原特异性细胞免疫反应、Treg、MDSC的分析。
如制造商(BD Biosciences,San Jose,CA)所建议,使用ELISPOT以侦测来自经处理及对照小鼠的经E6-或E7再刺激(10μg/ml)的脾细胞培养物中IFNγ的生成。使用CTLImmunospot分析仪(Cellular Technology Ltd.,Shaker Heights,OH)以分析点。从经E7再刺激的培养物减去来自经不相干肽(hgp 10025-33-KVPRNQDWL-Celtek Bioscience,Nashville,TN)再刺激的脾细胞的点的数量。如制造商(Miltenyi Biotec,Auburn,CA)所建议,使用GentleMACS离解器及实体肿瘤均质化方案处理肿瘤样本。如先前所述,使用流式细胞术检定分析CD45+造血细胞群体中肿瘤浸润性CD8+、CD4+Foxp3+(Treg)及CD11b+Gr-1+(MDSC)细胞的数量。亦使用相同流式细胞术检定评估具有肿瘤的经处理及对照小鼠的脾脏中Treg细胞及MDSC的水平。
实例3E6及PD-L1的表达与肺肿瘤正相关且与NSCLC患者的不良预后相关联
吾人收集122个来自NSCLC患者的经手术切除的肺肿瘤以检验E6表达是否与PD-L1表达相关联。从先前研究获得E6表达的资料。免疫组织化学分析显示,E6阳性肺肿瘤展现更高的阳性PD-L1表达频率(66.7%对47.9%,P=0.039;图1)。PD-L1表达与临床参数(诸如年龄、性别、吸烟状况及阶段)无关联,但其与肿瘤组织学相关联,这表明阳性PD-L1在腺癌中比在鳞状细胞癌中表达更为频繁(63.8%对45.3,P=0.042)。
检验NSCLC患者中E6及PD-L1表达(单独及组合)与总存活期(OS)及无复发存活期(RFS)间的可能关系。卡普兰-迈尔分析显示,在具有阳性PD-L1肿瘤的患者中相比在具有阴性PD-L1肿瘤的患者中观察到OS及RFS更短(对于OS,P=0.001,对于RFS,P=0.003;图2B),但在所述研究群体中E6致癌蛋白未显示预后价值(图2A)。然而,PD-L1及E6表达的组合对于OS而言具有预后价值,但对于RFS而言不存在预后价值(对于OS,P=0.017,对于RFS,P=0.121;图2C)。考克斯(Cox)回归分析进一步证实,具有阳性PD-L1肿瘤的患者当与具有阴性PD-L1肿瘤的患者相比时具有更短的OS及RFS期(对于OS而言,风险比(HR),1.69,95%CI,1.06-2.67,P=0.026;对于RFS而言,HR,1.55,95%CI,0.97-2.48,P=0.045;表1)。五年存活百分比在具有阳性PD-L1肿瘤的患者中相比在具有阴性PD-L1肿瘤的患者中更低(对于OS而言,10.0对27.3%,对于RFS而言,8.6对13.3%;表1)。然而,所述研究群体中E6致癌蛋白未显示预后价值。有趣的是,当PD-L1-/E6-组合用作参考时,PD-L1+/E6+及PD-L1+/E6-组合显示OS及RFS的预后值(表1)。当与其他三种组合相比时,在具有PD-L1+/E6+组合的患者中观察到最低的OS及RFS的五年存活百分比(对于OS而言,6.4%,对于RFS而言,5.7%;表1)。这些结果显示PD-L1表达可用作受HPV感染的NSCLC中不良结果的独立预测因子。
表1.NSCLC患者中HPV E6、PD-L1状态及E6与PD-L1状态的组合对于OS及RFS的考克斯回归分析。
*针对阶段有所调整。
实例4 E6致癌蛋白增加PD-L1表达以促进受HPV感染的肺癌细胞中的群落形成及软琼脂生长
吾人检验E6致癌蛋白表达可增加PD-L1表达以促进受HPV感染的肺癌细胞中群落形成及软琼脂生长的可能性。收集HPV16阳性TL-1细胞用于以E6或E7小发夹(sh)RNA转染,及用于与经E6或E7表达载体转染的HPV16阴性TL-4细胞比较。所述比较将验证E6(而非E7)致癌蛋白是否造成肺癌细胞中PD-L1表达的结果(图3A)。西方墨点法表明E6及E7蛋白质表达如通过E6或E7操纵预期般减少及增加(图3A)。有趣的是,PD-L1表达通过TL-1细胞中E6的敲低显著减少,但通过TL-4细胞中E6的过度表达而增加(图3A)。通过两种细胞类型中E7操纵,PD-L1表达无变化(图3A)。在经过相同处理的HPV16阳性及HPV16阴性子宫颈SiHa及C33A细胞中看到相似的反应(图3A)。这些结果显示E6(而非E7)致癌蛋白可造成受HPV感染的肺癌细胞中PD-L1表达的结果。
吾人接下来检验通过E6操纵PD-L1表达是否会减弱肺癌细胞中群落形成及软琼脂生长的能力。琼脂板中的代表性群落生长及软琼脂板中的软琼脂生长群落显示于图2B(上方小图)中。通过TL-1细胞中E6的敲低,群落形成及软琼脂生长的能力显著减小,但通过TL-4细胞中E6的过度表达,两种能力明显增大(图3B)。然而,TL-4细胞中PD-L1的敲低几乎完全挽救群落形成及软琼脂生长能力通过E6致癌蛋白的增大(图2B)。在经过相同处理的SiHa及C33A子宫颈癌细胞中观察到相似的发现结果(图3B)。这些结果清楚地显示由E6介导的PD-L1表达可造成受HPV感染的肺癌细胞中群落形成及软琼脂生长的结果。
实例5抗-PD-L1 mAb+Lm-LLO-E6疫苗几乎完全地抑制裸小鼠中由TL-1细胞诱导的皮下肿瘤生长
抗-PD-L1 mAb可提供晚期NSCLC中持久的肿瘤抑制及临床效益(15)。PD-L1可造成受HPV感染的肺癌中由E6介导的群落形成及软琼脂生长的结果(图2)的发现结果因此表明,抗-PD-L1 mAb+Lm-LLO-E6疫苗组合可能对裸小鼠中由TL-1细胞诱导的肿瘤生长具有优异的抑制效应。将裸小鼠随机分成七个组(每组五只裸小鼠),这些裸小鼠是注射TL-1细胞且接着用抗-PD-L1 mAb、Lm-LLO-E6疫苗、Lm-LLO-E7疫苗、抗-PD-L1 mAb+Lm-LLO-E6疫苗、抗-PD-L1 mAb+Lm-LLO-E7疫苗或抗-PD-L1 mAb+Lm-LLO-E6/E7疫苗中任一者处理。仅用TL-1细胞处理对照组小鼠。每个组的代表性肿瘤负荷显示于图4中。当与对照组比较时,由TL-1细胞诱导的皮下肿瘤负荷几乎完全受到抗-PD-L1 mAb+Lm-LLO-E6疫苗或抗-PD-L1 mAb+Lm-LLO-E6/E7疫苗抑制。然而,在Lm-LLO-E6疫苗组中相比在抗-PD-L1 mAb或抗-PD-L1+Lm-LLO-E7疫苗组中观察到更高的抗肿瘤活性。由TL-1细胞诱导的肿瘤受Lm-LLO-E7疫苗处理几近未变(图4)。这些结果支持细胞模型的发现结果,这指明PD-L1可造成受HPV感染的癌症中由E6介导的肿瘤生长及转移的结果。
实例6通过抗-PD-L1 mAb+Lm-LLO-E6疫苗组合疗法有效地抑制裸小鼠中由TL-1细胞诱导的转移性肺肿瘤结节
吾人亦使用尾静脉动物模型以验证抗-PD-L1 mAb+Lm-LLO-E6组合是否可抑制裸小鼠中由TL-1细胞诱导的转移性肺肿瘤结节形成。这些实验是在第77天结束。将每组中由TL-1细胞诱导的代表性转移性肺肿瘤结节与彼等由SiHa细胞诱导者进行比较。通过H&E染色证实肿瘤(图5A)。每组肺肿瘤结节的代表性免疫染色结果显示当与对照组比较时通过抗-PD-L1 mAb及Lm-LLO-E6疫苗显著抑制这些肺肿瘤结节中PD-L1及E6的表达。当与对照组比较时,受抗-PD-L1 mAb+Lm-LLO-E6疫苗抑制的由TL-1细胞诱导的转移性肺肿瘤结节数最多,其次是E6疫苗、抗-PD-L1 mAb、抗-PD-L1+Lm-LLO-E7疫苗、及Lm-LLO-E7疫苗(图5A)。在经过相同处理的裸小鼠的由SiHa细胞诱导的转移性肺肿瘤结节中观察到相似的发现结果(图5B)。
经TL-1细胞注射的对照小鼠的体重明显低于经抗-PD-L1 mAb、Lm-LLO-E6疫苗、抗-PD-L1 mAb+Lm-LLO-E6疫苗及抗-PD-L1 mAb+Lm-LLO-E7疫苗注射的小鼠的其等体重,但其与彼等接受Lm-LLO-E7疫苗治疗者并无差异。对经过相同治疗的经SiHa细胞注射的小鼠的体重进行相似的观测。当与对照组比较时,通过抗-PD-L1 mAb+Lm-LLO-E6疫苗组合明显地延长经TL-1或SiHa细胞注射的裸小鼠的存活天数(图6)。第77天,经TL-1及SiHa细胞处理的抗-PD-L1 mAb+Lm-LLO-E6疫苗及抗-PD-L1 mAb+Lm-LLO-E7疫苗组中五分之三的小鼠存活。经TL-1及SiHa细胞处理的对照组中最后一只小鼠分别死于第49天及第58天。当与抗-PD-L1 mAb+Lm-LLO-E7疫苗、Lm-LLO-E6疫苗或抗-PD-L1 mAb比较时,抗-PD-L1 mAb+Lm-LLO-E6疫苗明显延长经TL-1细胞注射的裸小鼠的存活天数(对于抗-PD-L1 mAb+Lm-LLO-E7疫苗而言,P=0.004,对于Lm-LLO-E6疫苗而言,P=0.037,对于抗-PD-L1 mAb而言,P=0.043,图6)。这些结果表明抗-PD-L1 mAb+Lm-LLO-E6疫苗具有抑制受HPV感染的肺及子宫颈癌中的转移性肺肿瘤结节形成及因此延长这些小鼠的存活期的最大潜能。
Claims (20)
1.一种医药组合,其包含抗-PD-L1抗体或抗-PD-1抗体及与HPV抗原相关联的疫苗的组合。
2.如权利要求1的医药组合,其中所述抗-PD-L1抗体或抗-PD-1抗体的含量在5至约50mg/mL范围内且所述与HPV抗原相关联的疫苗的含量在约1x104至约1x1012CFU/剂范围内。
3.如权利要求1的医药组合,其中所述抗-PD-L1抗体为阿特珠单抗(atezolizumab)或MEDI4736且所述抗-PD-1抗体为纳武单抗(nivolumab)或帕姆单抗(pembrolizumab)。
4.如权利要求1的医药组合,其中所述与HPV相关联的疫苗为携带LLO-E6融合蛋白质的载体。
5.如权利要求1的医药组合,其中所述携带LLO-E6融合蛋白质或LLO-E6-E7融合蛋白质的载体为携带表达LLO-E6融合蛋白质或LLO-E6-E7融合蛋白质的质粒的李斯特菌(Listeria)。
6.如权利要求6的医药组合,其中所述李斯特菌为单核细胞增多性李斯特菌(Listeriamonocytogenes)。
7.如权利要求1的医药组合,其进一步包含第二抗癌药物。
8.一种用于治疗及/或预防罹患与HPV相关联的肿瘤的个体中肿瘤生长、侵袭及/或转移的方法,其包括投与如权利要求1中所定义的抗-PD-L1抗体或抗-PD-1抗体及与HPV抗原相关联的疫苗。
9.如权利要求8的方法,其中所述与HPV相关联的肿瘤为肺肿瘤、子宫颈肿瘤、阴道肿瘤、外阴肿瘤、阴茎肿瘤、肛门肿瘤、直肠肿瘤、黑色素瘤、非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)、头部及颈部鳞状细胞癌(HNSCC)及口咽肿瘤。
10.如权利要求9的方法,其中所述肺肿瘤为非小细胞肺癌。
11.如权利要求8的方法,其中所述与HPV相关联的肿瘤为受HPV感染的肺或子宫颈肿瘤。
12.如权利要求8的方法,其中所述与HPV相关联的肿瘤为PD-L1-阳性肺肿瘤。
13.如权利要求8的方法,其中所述抗-PD-L1抗体为阿特珠单抗或MEDI4736且所述抗-PD-1抗体为纳武单抗或帕姆单抗。
14.如权利要求8的方法,其中所述与HPV相关联的疫苗为携带LLO-E6融合蛋白质、LLO-E6-E7融合蛋白质或ADXS-HPV的载体。
15.如权利要求8的方法,其中所述抗-PD-L1抗体或抗-PD-1抗体的给药量在约0.01mg/kg至约20mg/kg范围内。
16.如权利要求8的方法,其中所述与HPV相关联的疫苗的给药量在约1x104至约1x1012CFU/剂范围内。
17.如权利要求8的方法,其中所述抗-PD-L1抗体或抗-PD-1抗体及与HPV抗原相关联的疫苗可同时、合并、分开或连续地投与。
18.一种用于改良个体的PD-1/PD-L1癌症免疫疗法的方法,其包括投与如权利要求1中所定义的抗-PD-L1抗体或抗-PD-1抗体及与HPV抗原相关联的疫苗的组合。
19.如权利要求18的方法,其可改良癌症的预后。
20.如权利要求18的方法,其中所述抗-PD-L1抗体或抗-PD-1抗体及与HPV抗原相关联的疫苗可同时、合并、分开或连续地投与。
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IL302098A (en) * | 2020-10-12 | 2023-06-01 | Hpvvax Llc | The composition and method for treating cancer using a vaccine as a first active therapeutic ingredient in combination with a second active ingredient |
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CN109985237A (zh) * | 2019-05-17 | 2019-07-09 | 河北医科大学第四医院 | 一种治疗结直肠癌的药物组合物及其应用 |
CN109985237B (zh) * | 2019-05-17 | 2022-10-18 | 河北医科大学第四医院 | 一种治疗结直肠癌的药物组合物及其应用 |
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US10617758B2 (en) | 2020-04-14 |
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US20180280508A1 (en) | 2018-10-04 |
WO2017062976A1 (en) | 2017-04-13 |
TW201725050A (zh) | 2017-07-16 |
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