CN108466393B - 一种解决塑封模流问题拓宽晶元宽度的塑封方法 - Google Patents
一种解决塑封模流问题拓宽晶元宽度的塑封方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种解决塑封模流问题拓宽晶元宽度的塑封方法。该方法包括以下步骤:设计晶元电路,并侧装晶元与载板;用电浆清洗所述载板及所述晶元表面;回温塑封料粉;模压塑封已安装晶元的载板;塑封后烘烤。本发明所述的方法通过模压式塑封工艺替代业内常用的注胶塑封工艺,解决了注塑工艺中,晶元侧装后,因模流7Mpa高的注塑压力导致侧装晶元被冲倒或焊接电路断裂的问题;侧装晶元与塑封料改为浸入方式,省去了高压过程,提高了封装良率;使晶元宽边延长,甚至超过长边长度,增加了晶元材料实际应用面积,降低了晶元材料成本;晶元侧装不受模流压力限制后,多个晶元如同楼房形式与载板结合并矗立,为各种功能晶元设计提供了更多选择方案。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及半导体制造领域,具体涉及一种解决塑封模流问题拓宽晶元宽度的塑封方法。
背景技术
晶元,是生产集成电路所用的载体,多指单晶硅圆片,还有砷化镓、碳化硅、氮化镓、磷化铟等化合物圆片。半导体制造工艺中,晶元通常为单面设计制造。但随着各类功能集成的需求越来越多越来越高,对晶体管集成密度要求也越来越高,越来越有挑战性。
晶元的封装,当前业内常常采用正装或倒装,晶元侧装相较于正装或倒装的传统方法,主要区别是晶元不必要选用六个面中底部面积最大的面作为与载板的贴合面;相较于正装或倒装的最大面与载板接触并结合,侧装晶元底座牢固程度较低,抵抗外部应力弱于正装和侧装设计。
且封装业内塑封通用工艺为模流注塑,将7Mpa施加于流体塑封料上,此时,从装有侧装晶元的一侧冲压流向另一侧,将会造成侧装晶元因底座不稳与载板脱离;此过程还取决于侧装晶元与注塑模流垂直方向上的实际面积,面积越大承受冲力越多,越容易与载板脱离。传统塑封工艺只适用于侧装晶元长边贴合载板设计,且垂直于载板的晶元宽度在500微米内最佳。
本发明通过选用模压式塑封工艺替代业内常用注胶塑封工艺,解决了注塑工艺中,晶元侧装后塑封灌胶因模流7Mpa高的注塑压力,导致侧装晶元被冲倒或焊接电路断裂的问题。侧装晶元与塑封料改为浸入方式,省去了高压过程,从而提高了封装良率;此外,模压注塑解决模流问题后,不再受限于模流冲击而降低侧装晶元高度,使晶元宽边延长,甚至超过长边长度,从而能够增加了晶元材料实际应用面积,降低了晶元材料成本。当晶元侧装不受模流压力限制后,多个晶元可以如同楼房形式与载板结合并矗立,该发明中定义为“楼式”贴装方法,为各种功能晶元设计提供了更多的选择方案。
发明内容
为了解决传统注胶塑封工艺中,由于高的注塑压力对侧装晶元造成的破坏,提高封装良率,并拓宽晶元高度,本发明拟提供一种解决塑封模流问题拓宽晶元宽度的塑封方法。
本发明提供一种解决塑封模流问题拓宽晶元宽度的塑封方法,其特征在于,该方法包括以下步骤:
步骤S1,设计晶元电路,并侧装晶元与载板;
步骤S2,用电浆清洗所述载板及所述晶元表面;
步骤S3,回温塑封料粉;
步骤S4,模压塑封已安装晶元的载板;
步骤S5,塑封后烘烤。
进一步地,所述晶元高度≦1mm。
进一步地,所述晶元电路设计采用单面电路设计或双面电路设计的一种。
进一步地,所述晶元侧面安装导通元件。
进一步地,所述晶元数量为一个或一个以上,楼式帖装在所述载板上。
进一步地,在步骤S2中,电浆为纯氩气、95%氩气与5%氧气配比、95%氩气与5%氢气配比的电浆气体的一种。
进一步地,在步骤S3中,塑封料粉以粉末形式储存及使用,从冰冻状态室温回温4小时。
进一步地,塑封料粉主要成分为有机树脂和填料颗粒,填料颗粒尺寸在2um到20um之间。
进一步地,在步骤S4中,模压塑封的方式包括以下步骤:
步骤S41,将贴有已焊接晶元的载板背面,利用真空压力吸附于模压腔体的上模,已焊接晶元的载板倒贴于上模体,此时,上模与下模未接触,保持一定距离;
步骤S42,下模槽内均匀填撒塑封料粉;
步骤S43,模压腔体的下模以凹槽形式,或平面加四周金属环包围的形式,对应上模;
步骤S44,上下模位于密封墙内,同步加热至175度,使上模吸附载板加热软化并提高表面活性,使下模内塑封料粉中有机树脂从固体完全融化为液体;
步骤S45,抽取上下模内气体至真空状态;
步骤S46,上下腔体相向移动,载板上的侧装晶元逐步浸入下模内流体塑封料内,直至上下模完全压合后,腔内温度保持175度60秒左右;
步骤S47,上下模压合状态下降温固化塑封料,完成再结晶过程,此时塑封料表现出很高的刚性;
步骤S48,关闭腔内吸真空,退出已塑封的载板。
进一步地,在步骤S5中,烘烤温度为175度恒温烘烤4~8小时。
本发明取得的有益效果:
本发明通过选用模压式塑封工艺替代业内常用注胶塑封工艺,解决了注塑工艺中,晶元侧装后塑封灌胶因模流7Mpa高的注塑压力,导致侧装晶元被冲倒或焊接电路断裂的问题;
侧装晶元与塑封料改为浸入方式,省去了高压过程,从而提高了封装良率;
模压注塑解决模流问题后,不再受限于模流冲击而降低侧装晶元高度,使晶元宽边延长,甚至超过长边长度,从而能够增加了晶元材料实际应用面积,降低了晶元材料成本;
当晶元侧装不受模流压力限制后,多个晶元可以如同楼房形式与载板结合并矗立,该发明中定义为“楼式”贴装方法,为各种功能晶元设计提供了更多的选择方案。
附图说明
图1是本发明方法流程示意图。
图2是本发明模压塑封工艺示意图。
图3是本发明楼式贴装塑封示意图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图和实施例,对本发明的具体实施方式进行更加详细的说明,以便能够更好地理解本发明的方案及其各个方面的优点。然而,以下描述的具体实施方式和实施例仅是说明的目的,而不是对本发明的限制。
一种解决塑封模流问题拓宽晶元宽度的塑封方法,如图1所示,图1是本发明方法流程示意图。该方法包括以下步骤。
步骤S1,设计晶元电路,并侧装晶元与载板。
图3是本发明楼式贴装塑封示意图。如图3所示,所述晶元电路设计采用单面电路设计或双面电路设计的一种。晶元侧面安装导通元件。晶元数量为一个或一个以上,楼式帖装在所述载板上。晶元高度≦1mm。模压封装侧装晶元解决了模流压力对晶元的破坏,使得晶元高度为此不受此工艺的限制,可以加大晶元有效面积高度,形成“楼式”贴装布局;晶元高度上限能够从500um(微米)提升至1mm(毫米)甚至更高,主要取决决于封装成品元件的终端应用平台可利用的空间高度限制。
步骤S2,用电浆清洗所述载板及所述晶元表面。
电浆清洗为了防止载板表面绿油吸附电子,防止载板焊盘、晶元、及其它载板上元件氧化或污染,常用于微波或射频类设备。常用电浆气体为纯氩气、或95%氩气与5%氧气配比、或95%氩气与5%氢气配比的电浆气体。
步骤S3,回温塑封料粉。
塑封料粉以粉末形式储存及使用,从冰冻状态室温回温4小时,增加塑封料活性,从而增强与载板、晶元等的粘附力。塑封料粉主要成分为有机树脂和填料颗粒,填料颗粒尺寸在2um到20um之间。塑封料粉末主要成分为有机树脂和填料颗粒,填料颗粒尺寸通常在2um~20um之间,仅限于模压塑封设备上使用,区别于业内通用注塑灌胶方式料饼及设备。塑封料粉和塑封料饼大多只是物理形状及填料颗粒区别,成分及特性相似,有机树脂融化温度通常在130度到150度左右。
注塑灌胶方式的料饼以圆柱体形式使用,融化后填料颗粒尺寸在45um或55um以下。
步骤S4,模压塑封已安装晶元的载板。
图2是本发明模压塑封工艺示意图。如图2所示,模压塑封的方式包括以下步骤:
步骤S41,将贴有已焊接晶元的载板背面,利用真空压力吸附于模压腔体的上模1,已焊接晶元的载板倒贴于上模1,此时,上模1与下模2未接触,保持一定距离;
步骤S42,下模2槽内均匀填撒塑封料粉5;
步骤S43,模腔3的下模2以凹槽形式,或平面加四周金属环包围的形式,对应上模1;
步骤S44,上模1、下模2位于密封墙内,同步加热至175度,使上模1吸附载板加热软化并提高表面活性,使下模2内塑封料粉5中的有机树脂从固体完全融化为液体;即原粉末固体形式改变为填料颗粒掺杂于液态有机树脂内的流体;
步骤S45,抽取上模1与下模2内的气体至真空状态,且模腔3真空吸力小于上模腔载板真空管4的吸力,不使载板脱落;
步骤S46,上模1、下模2相向移动,载板上的侧装晶元逐步浸入下模2内流体塑封料内,直至上下模完全压合后,模腔3内温度保持175度60秒左右;
步骤S47,上模1、下模2压合状态下,降温固化塑封料,完成再结晶过程,此时塑封料表现出很高的刚性;
步骤S48,关闭模腔3内吸真空装置,退出已塑封的载板。
注塑灌胶形式与模压塑封的区别在于:已贴装晶元的载板,真空吸附于塑封腔体下模载板槽内;塑封料饼位于靠近载板一侧固定槽内;料饼槽需针对圆柱体料饼半径及高度定制使用,下模料饼槽与载板槽之间通过上下模对位沟槽相互导通,利于料饼加热至流体状态,通过挤压导流注入到载板注塑口一侧;载板相对一侧腔体开有排气沟槽。注塑过程:闭合上下模;开启腔体内抽取气体至真空状态;温度升至175度,利用料饼槽7Mpa的挤压力导流注塑到载板有效面积内;流体塑封料将从载板一侧推向另一侧,直至载板内有效区域被塑封料完全填充;上下模压合状态下降温固化塑封料,完成再结晶过程;关闭吸真空,退出已塑封载板。此过程即为注塑灌胶塑封或模流注塑。
注塑灌胶塑封相较于模压塑封,载板有效区域内存在高压强推力,此压力是导致侧装晶元焊缝损坏、断裂、或晶元被推倒的根本原因,也使得侧装晶元不易过高;选用模压封装侧装晶元将不会出现上述问题,并且可以加大晶元有效面积高度,形成“楼式”贴片布局;晶元高度上限能够从500um提升至1mm甚至更高,主要取决于封装成品元件的终端应用平台可利用空间高度限制。
步骤S5,塑封后烘烤。烘烤温度为175度恒温烘烤4~8小时。
需要说明的是,以上参照附图所描述的各个实施例仅用以说明本发明而非限制本发明的范围,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的前提下对本发明进行的修改或者等同替换,均应涵盖在本发明的范围之内。此外,除上下文另有所指外,以单数形式出现的词包括复数形式,反之亦然。另外,除非特别说明,那么任何实施例的全部或一部分可结合任何其它实施例的全部或一部分来使用。
Claims (9)
1.一种解决塑封模流问题拓宽晶元宽度的塑封方法,其特征在于,该方法包括以下步骤:
步骤S1,设计晶元电路,并侧装晶元与载板;
步骤S2,用电浆清洗所述载板及所述晶元表面;
步骤S3,回温塑封料粉;
步骤S4,模压塑封已安装晶元的载板;
步骤S5,塑封后烘烤;
其中,在步骤S4中,模压塑封的方式包括以下步骤:
步骤S41,将已焊接晶元的载板背面,利用真空压力吸附于模压腔体的上模,已焊接晶元的载板倒贴于上模,此时,上模与下模未接触,保持一定距离;
步骤S42,下模槽内均匀填撒塑封料粉;
步骤S43,模压腔体的下模以凹槽形式,或平面加四周金属环包围的形式,对应上模;
步骤S44,上下模位于密封墙内,同步加热至175℃,使上模吸附载板加热软化并提高表面活性,使下模内塑封料粉中有机树脂从固体完全熔化为液体;
步骤S45,抽取上下模内气体至真空状态;
步骤S46,上下模相向移动,载板上的侧装晶元逐步浸入下模内流体塑封料内,直至上下模完全压合后,腔内温度保持175℃60秒;
步骤S47,上下模压合状态下降温固化塑封料,完成再结晶过程;
步骤S48,关闭腔内吸真空装置,退出已塑封的载板。
2.根据权利要求1所述解决塑封模流问题拓宽晶元宽度的塑封方法,其特征在于,所述晶元高度≦1mm。
3.根据权利要求1所述解决塑封模流问题拓宽晶元宽度的塑封方法,其特征在于,所述晶元电路设计采用单面电路设计或双面电路设计的一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述解决塑封模流问题拓宽晶元宽度的塑封方法,其特征在于,所述晶元侧面安装导通元件。
5.根据权利要求1所述解决塑封模流问题拓宽晶元宽度的塑封方法,其特征在于,所述晶元数量为一个或一个以上,楼式贴装在所述载板上。
6.根据权利要求1所述解决塑封模流问题拓宽晶元宽度的塑封方法,其特征在于,在步骤S2中,电浆为纯氩气、95%氩气与5%氧气配比、95%氩气与5%氢气配比的电浆气体的一种。
7.根据权利要求1所述解决塑封模流问题拓宽晶元宽度的塑封方法,其特征在于,在步骤S3中,塑封料粉以粉末形式储存及使用,从冰冻状态室温回温4小时。
8.根据权利要求7所述解决塑封模流问题拓宽晶元宽度的塑封方法,其特征在于,塑封料粉主要成分为有机树脂和填料颗粒,填料颗粒尺寸在2微米到20微米之间。
9.根据权利要求1所述解决塑封模流问题拓宽晶元宽度的塑封方法,其特征在于,在步骤S5中,烘烤温度为175℃恒温烘烤4~8小时。
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