CN108461693B - 一种可改善锂离子电池热冲击和短路隔膜的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种可改善锂离子电池热冲击和短路隔膜的制备方法,将锂离子电池使用隔膜的两侧双面涂覆一层高温可熔化的物质,该高温可熔化物质不溶于电解液,在80℃~150℃时变成粘稠状态具有很强的粘附性,当锂离子电池处于热冲击或短路这样的高温状态时,隔膜会发生收缩同时高温可熔化物质变成粘稠状态,其伴随着收缩的隔膜粘附在正负极极片上,阻隔了正负极极片的接触防止短路使得电池的热冲击和短路率通过率大大的提升。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及电池隔膜技术领域,尤其涉及一种可改善锂离子电池热冲击和短路隔膜的制备方法。
背景技术
锂离子电池隔膜在锂离子电池中主要作用是使电池的正、负极分隔开来,防止两极接触而短路,此外还具有能使电解质离子通过的功能。目前的市场化隔膜有只有基材的隔膜,但是其高温热收缩率太大从而导致热滥用和短路测试时正负极极片接触,测试通过率极低。也有表面涂覆的隔膜,如陶瓷隔膜,虽然陶瓷隔膜因为其良好的热收缩性能大大的提高了隔膜的热滥用和短路通过率,但是随着电池能量密度越来越高,对热滥用和短路测试的要求越来越高,单纯的陶瓷涂覆隔膜基于其本身的材料限制也已无法再更近一步的改进高温热收缩性能,从而难以达到未来的锂离子电池需求。
发明内容
本发明的目的就在于为了解决上述问题而提供一种可改善锂离子电池热冲击和短路隔膜的制备方法。
本发明通过以下技术方案来实现上述目的:本发明包括以下步骤:步骤S1,将一定量的乙烯丙烯酸共聚物、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物和PE粉料混合后挤出并制成混合物粉末,将混合物粉末倒入已配置好的胶液中,将其分散均匀,得到胶粉混合物,胶粉混合物固含量为40%~50%;步骤S2,得到的胶粉混合物均匀涂覆到隔膜的两侧的双面处,涂覆厚度为5 um ~8um,单侧宽度大于隔膜对负极伸出端,并随炉60℃~70℃烘干,时间2 h -5h,得到所需新型隔膜。
本发明优选的,根据步骤S1,所述乙烯丙烯酸共聚物、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物和PE粉料的配比为20%~25%:35%~45%:45%~55%。
本发明优选的,根据步骤S1,所述胶液为N-甲基吡咯烷酮和聚偏氟乙烯的混合液,其固含量为6%~8%。
本发明的有益效果在于:本发明提供一种可改善锂离子电池热冲击和短路隔膜的制备方法,将锂离子电池使用隔膜的两侧双面涂覆一层高温可熔化的物质,该高温可熔化物质不溶于电解液,在80℃~150℃时变成粘稠状态具有很强的粘附性,当锂离子电池处于热冲击或短路这样的高温状态时,隔膜会发生收缩同时高温可熔化物质变成粘稠状态,其伴随着收缩的隔膜粘附在正负极极片上,阻隔了正负极极片的接触防止短路使得电池的热冲击和短路通过率大大的提升。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例中步骤S2的结构示意图;
图2是本发明的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明作进一步说明:本发明包括以下步骤:步骤S1,将一定量的乙烯丙烯酸共聚物、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物和PE粉料混合后挤出并制成混合物粉末,将混合物粉末倒入已配置好的胶液中,将其分散均匀,得到胶粉混合物,胶粉混合物固含量为40~50%,所述乙烯丙烯酸共聚物、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物和PE粉料的配比为20~25%:35%~45%:PE45~55%,所述胶液为N-甲基吡咯烷酮和聚偏氟乙烯的混合液,其固含量为6%~8%;步骤S2,如图1所示,得到的胶粉混合物均匀涂覆到隔膜的两侧的双面处,中间设置隔膜未涂覆区,两侧边设置隔膜涂覆区,涂覆厚度为5 um ~8um,单侧宽度大于隔膜对负极伸出端,并随炉60℃~70℃烘干,时间2-5h,得到所需新型隔膜。
实施例一:将22.5%的乙烯丙烯酸共聚物、40%乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物和37.5%的PE粉料混合后挤出并制成混合物粉末,将混合物粉末倒入已配置好的胶液中,将其分散均匀,得到胶粉混合物,胶粉混合物固含量为45%,所述胶液为N-甲基吡咯烷酮和聚偏氟乙烯的混合液,其固含量为7%;步骤S2,如图1所示,得到的胶粉混合物均匀涂覆到隔膜的两侧的双面处,中间设置隔膜未涂覆区,两侧边设置隔膜涂覆区,涂覆厚度为6um,单侧宽度大于隔膜对负极伸出端,并随炉65℃烘干,时间3h,得到所需新型隔膜。
应用于动力电池上改善热冲击和短路率:将该隔膜装备于动力叠片电池1211C2-18Ah型号上,电池隔膜与负极伸出端为6mm,隔膜与正极伸出端为10mm。
如图2所示:1为隔膜未涂覆高温可熔物区,2为隔膜涂覆高温可熔物区,3为电池负极片,4为电池正极片。比较例1为装备常规陶瓷隔膜该型号电芯,对其同时进行热冲击和短路测试,数据如下:
实施例二:将20%的乙烯丙烯酸共聚物、45%乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物和35%的PE粉料混合后挤出并制成混合物粉末,将混合物粉末倒入已配置好的胶液中,将其分散均匀,得到胶粉混合物,胶粉混合物固含量为50%,所述胶液为N-甲基吡咯烷酮和聚偏氟乙烯的混合液,其固含量为6%;步骤S2,如图1所示,得到的胶粉混合物均匀涂覆到隔膜的两侧的双面处,中间设置隔膜未涂覆区,两侧边设置隔膜涂覆区,涂覆厚度为6um,单侧宽度为2mm,并随炉65℃烘干,时间3h,得到所需新型隔膜。
应用于动力电池上改善热冲击和短路率。
将该隔膜装备于动力叠片电池6558D2-7Ah型号上,电池隔膜与负极overhang为4mm,隔膜与正极overhang为6mm。如图2所示:1为隔膜未涂覆高温可熔物区,2为隔膜涂覆高温可熔物区,3为电池负极片,4为电池正极片。比较例2为装备常规PP:
综上所述,本发明提供一种可改善锂离子电池热冲击和短路隔膜的制备方法,将锂离子电池使用隔膜的两侧双面涂覆一层高温可熔化的物质,该高温可熔化物质不溶于电解液,在80~150℃时变成粘稠状态具有很强的粘附性,当锂离子电池处于热冲击或短路这样的高温状态时,隔膜会发生收缩同时高温可熔化物质变成粘稠状态,其伴随着收缩的隔膜粘附在正负极极片上,阻隔了正负极极片的接触防止短路使得电池的热冲击和短路通过率大大的提升。
本领域技术人员不脱离本发明的实质和精神,可以有多种变形方案实现本发明,以上所述仅为本发明较佳可行的实施例而已,并非因此局限本发明的权利范围,凡运用本发明说明书内容所作的等效结构变化,均包含于本发明的权利范围之内。
Claims (2)
1.一种可改善锂离子电池热冲击和短路隔膜的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤S1,将一定量的乙烯丙烯酸共聚物、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物和PE粉料混合后挤出并制成混合物粉末,将混合物粉末倒入已配置好的胶液中,将其分散均匀,得到胶粉混合物,胶粉混合物固含量为40~50%;
步骤S2,得到的胶粉混合物均匀涂覆到隔膜的两侧的双面处,涂覆厚度为5~8um,单侧宽度大于隔膜对负极伸出端,并随炉60~70℃烘干,时间2-5h,得到所需隔膜;
根据步骤S1,所述胶液为N-甲基吡咯烷酮和聚偏氟乙烯的混合液,其固含量为6%~8%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种可改善锂离子电池热冲击和短路隔膜的制备方法,其特征在于:根据步骤S1,所述乙烯丙烯酸共聚物、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物和PE粉料的配比为20~25%:35%~45%:45~55%。
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