CN108456350A - 农用地膜调配物、农用地膜和其制造方法 - Google Patents
农用地膜调配物、农用地膜和其制造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108456350A CN108456350A CN201710599609.9A CN201710599609A CN108456350A CN 108456350 A CN108456350 A CN 108456350A CN 201710599609 A CN201710599609 A CN 201710599609A CN 108456350 A CN108456350 A CN 108456350A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- agricultural mulching
- composite
- membrane tube
- density polyethylene
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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Classifications
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Abstract
本发明揭示一种农用地膜调配物、农用地膜,和其制造方法。本发明的农用地膜调配物包括以调配物的总重量计,约40重量%至约70重量%的无机矿粉、约15重量%至约30重量%的高密度聚乙烯、约8重量%至约20重量%的低密度聚乙烯和约5重量%至约10重量%的可生物降解塑料,和视需要的助剂。
Description
技术领域
本发明有关一种农用地膜调配物,尤其是一种由所述农用地膜调配物所制得的环保农用复合地膜和其制造方法。
先前技术
农用地膜覆盖栽培技术是一项见效快、收益高的农业丰产措施,其是将农用地膜覆盖于农地上,用于防止虫害和抑制杂草,为确保农业高产增效发挥了重要作用。
目前市售的农用地膜大多是以约90%以上,甚至约100%的低密度聚乙烯(low-density polyethylene,LDPE)制造而成,其非常耐用且不易脆化,能够重复使用数次。然而,为了降低成本,农民会要求业者制造具有约8μm、约10μm或约12μm的薄地膜,但过薄的地膜却造成使用后回收困难,绝大部分废弃在农田,长期无法裂解,也造成严重的环境问题。此外,对于大面积种植且采用机械化耕耘的农场经营而言,回收地膜费力耗时,只能在翻土时一并把地膜打碎混杂在土壤裡,然而,研究发现未被捡起的地膜、废弃在农田里的农膜碎片和其他农用塑料垃圾,不但使得田间管理不便,且进入土壤后,会破坏土壤耕作层结构,导致土壤板结,影响土壤的通透性和水分的上下输导,阻碍植物吸收水分和种子的发芽生长,造成作物根系生长发育不良,导致农作物减产,甚至影响到农作物的质量。再者,散落在田间、路边和草丛中的废地膜碎片,一旦被牲畜误食,则会危和健康甚至导致死亡。
为避免上述缺失,目前已开发生产出多种可降解地膜,例如光降解地膜、热氧降解地膜、淀粉填充地膜等,但其实际上的主体成分还是聚乙烯,使用后即使裂解成碎块埋在土壤中也完全无法回收。
有鉴于此,随着农业现代化步伐的加快,农用地膜的使用空间越来越大,故亟需发展一种具有良好性能、可有效解决上述问题、应用范围广、操作简单、环保且能降低生产成本的农用地膜,以符合现今市场需求。
发明内容
针对上述问题,本案发明人经过大量研究后发现一种农用地膜调配物,其不但可用于制得环保的农用地膜,且可大幅降低其制造成本。
因此,本发明的主要目的是提供一种农用地膜调配物,其包括以调配物的总重量计,约40重量%至约70重量%的无机矿粉、约15重量%至约30重量%的高密度聚乙烯(highdensity polyethylene,HDPE)、约8重量%至约20重量%的低密度聚乙烯(low densitypolyethylene,LDPE)、约5重量%至约10重量%的可生物降解塑料,和视需要的助剂。
本发明的另一目的为提供一种由上述农用地膜调配物所制得的农用地膜,其具有约6 μm至约15μm的厚度,和约0.6g/cm3至约0.85g/cm3的密度。
本发明的又一目的为提供一种农用地膜的制造方法,其包括将上述农用地膜调配物经密练制成复合软料;将所述复合软料制成复合颗粒;将所述复合颗粒形成膜管;在所述膜管内充气,使膜管向外延伸膨胀成预定尺寸;和将所述膜管压扁,以制成农用地膜。
图式简单说明
图1为本发明农用地膜的加工设备示意图,其中(a)为俯视图,和(b)为前视图。
图2为本发明农用膜管的成型方式示意图。
实施方式
于本文中,除非特别限定,单数形「一」和「所述」亦包括其复数形。本文中任何和所有实施例和例示性用语(「例如」和「如」)目的仅为了更加突显本发明,并非针对本发明的范围构成限制,本案说明书中的用语不应被视为暗示任何未请求的方法和条件可构成实施本发明时的必要特征。
本发明的农用地膜用调配物主要包括无机矿粉、高密度聚乙烯、低密度聚乙烯、可生物降解塑料和视需要助剂等组份。
本发明的农用地膜调配物是使用无机矿粉取代部份的塑料材料,因此不但可减少塑料的用量,亦可增加后续所制得的农用地膜的分解效果,对环境更加友善。此外,因无机矿粉多属天然物,本发明的农用地膜在分解后,无机矿粉的残余物亦较易被环境所接受。
适用于本发明中的无机矿粉例如可包括但不限于碳酸钙、石灰石磨粉、黄土磨粉、灰土磨粉、碳酸镁、滑石粉、硫酸钙、硫酸钡、高岭土、云母粉、氧化锌、白云石粉、硅酸钙、玻璃纤维、空心玻璃微珠、硅石粉、白垩粉、二氧化钛、二氧化硅、膨润土、白土、硅藻土或其组合,且可为经锻烧或未经锻烧者。本发明的无机矿粉优选包括未经锻烧的碳酸钙、石灰石磨粉、黄土磨粉、灰土磨粉或其组合。在本发明的实施态样中,无机矿粉具有约1μm至约5μm,约1μm至约4μm,约1μm至约3μm,或约1μm至约2μm的平均粒径。优选地,本发明所使用的无机矿粉可包括至少约80%、约85%或约90%的具有平均粒径为约1μm至约2μm的无机矿粉,或包括约95%或约100%的具有平均粒径约1μm至约4μm的无机矿粉;上述含量和粒径亦可包括其范围内任意数值的较小范围或具有任意数值。
在本发明调配物中,无机矿粉占调配物总重量的约40重量%至约70重量%,约42重量%至约68重量%,约45重量%至约65重量%,约48重量%至约60重量%,约50重量%至约58 重量%,约52重量%至约55重量%,约47重量%至约62重量%,或约53重量%至约67重量%;上述含量亦可以包括其范围内任意数值的较小范围或具有任意数值。
本发明是使用高密度聚乙烯和低密度聚乙烯的组合作为部分的塑料材料。在本发明中,高密度聚乙烯是指相对密度高于约0.930g/cm3的聚乙烯,优选是指具有相对密度为约 0.940g/cm3至约0.975g/cm3的聚乙烯。在本发明的实施态样中,高密度聚乙烯包括吹膜级高密度聚乙烯。在本发明调配物中,高密度聚乙烯占调配物总重量的约15重量%至约30重量%,约18重量%至约28重量%,约20重量%至约26重量%,约22重量%至约24重量%,或约25重量%至约28重量%;上述含量亦可以包括其范围内任意数值的较小范围或具有任意数值。
在本发明中,低密度聚乙烯是指相对密度低于约0.930g/cm3的聚乙烯,优选是指具有相对密度为约0.910g/cm3至约0.930g/cm3的聚乙烯。在本发明的实施态样中,低密度聚乙烯包括吹膜级低密度聚乙烯。在本发明调配物中,低密度聚乙烯占调配物总重量的约8重量%至约20重量%,约9重量%至约18重量%,约10重量%至约16重量%,约11重量%至约15重量%,或约12重量%至约14重量%;上述含量亦可以包括其范围内任意数值的较小范围或具有任意数值。
本发明另使用可生物降解塑料作为部分的塑料材料,以进一步增加农用地膜的分解效果。适用于本发明中的可生物降解塑料例如可包括但不限于聚乳酸(PLA)、吹膜级聚己内酯(PCL)、吹膜级聚羟基丁酸酯或其组合,优选为聚乳酸。在本发明调配物中,可生物降解塑料占调配物总重量的约5重量%至约10重量%,或约6重量%至约8重量%,或约7重量%至约9重量%;上述含量可以包括其范围内任意数值的较小范围或具有任意数值。
本发明的农用地膜调配物可视需要包括助剂,来改良调配物的某些性质。在本发明的实施态样中,助剂例如可包括但不限于偶合剂、滑剂(分散剂)和其组合。滑剂可为硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸锌、硬脂酸镁或N-油基棕榈酸酰胺。偶合剂可为β-(3,4-环氧基环己基)乙基三甲氧基硅烷。在本发明调配物中,助剂占调配物总重量约0.5重量%至约1重量%,约0.5重量%至约1.5重量%,约0.5重量%至约2重量%,约0.5重量%至约2.5重量%,约0.5重量%至约3 重量%,约0.5重量%至约3.5重量%,约0.5重量%至约4重量%,约0.5重量%至约4.5重量%,约0.5重量%至约5重量%,约0.5重量%至约5.5重量%;优选为约1重量%至约3重量%,更优选为约1重量%至约2重量%;上述含量亦可以包括其范围内任意数值的较小范围或具有任意数值。
本发明的调配物可另视需要包括有机谷粉,以加速农用地膜的分解速度。适用的有机谷粉可为任何本发明所属技术领域中具有通常知识者所习知者,例如,但不限于玉米粉、树薯粉、地瓜粉、高粱粉、小麦粉或其组合。在本发明调配物中,有机谷粉可占调配物总重量的约1重量%至约20重量%,约2重量%至约18重量%,约5重量%至约15重量%,约8重量%至约12重量%,或约3重量%至约10重量%;上述含量亦可以包括其范围内任意数值的较小范围或具有任意数值。
在本发明的具体实施态样中,农用地膜调配物包括约40重量%至约65重量%的无机矿粉、约15重量%至约30重量%的高密度聚乙烯、约8重量%至约20重量%的低密度聚乙烯、约5重量%至约10重量%的聚乳酸、和约1重量%至约2重量%的助剂。
在本发明的另一具体实施态样中,农用地膜调配物包括至少约55重量%的无机矿粉、约25重量%至约28重量%的高密度聚乙烯、约10重量%的低密度聚乙烯、约5重量%至约10 重量%的聚乳酸、和约2重量%的助剂。
本发明的上述农用地膜调配物是用于形成农用地膜,尤其是可日光裂解的环保农用地膜。当本发明的农用地膜铺在农田上并暴露在日光下,红外线照射在微细颗粒的无机矿粉上会产生约65℃以上的温度,燃烧周围的塑料,让塑料不断蒸发并渐渐减少其油性,同时造成无机矿粉的体积膨胀因而加速地膜的破裂,加上日光中的紫外线具有超强的穿透力,会破坏塑料的分子链,造成塑料产生断裂脆化,在双重破坏的情况下使得农用地膜的分解更为快速,而微细颗粒的天然无机矿粉可回归大地,且塑料则已燃烧成为无塑性的固化物,一碰就碎裂,因此在农作物收成后,可利用耕耘机翻土、将地膜打更碎,让土地松散,改善土壤结构,使下一季种植农作物能有更好的生长和收成。
农用地膜的分解速度可依农作物的生产期间长短、产品别不同,藉由改变添加原料种类和/或比例来控制,使农用地膜具有适当的密度和厚度,能在农作物收成的预定时间内裂解成小碎片。一般农作物约4至6个月为一个生产期,故农用地膜通常设计在约2至6个月内要能破碎。本发明的农用地膜在大自然的阳光照射下,约2个月内即可裂解成小小碎片,而塑料在约3个月内成为无塑性的固化物。依实际在阳光紫外线照射下,约10μm厚度的本发明农用地膜在约3个月内即裂解,碎化成一碰就碎裂的无塑性固化物。
在本发明的实施态样中,农用地膜优选设计为具有约6μm至约15μm,约7μm至约14μm,约8μm至约13μm,约9μm至约12μm或约10μm至约11μm的厚度,和/或具有约0.6 g/cm3至约0.85g/cm3,约0.62g/cm3至约0.82g/cm3,约0.65g/cm3至约0.8g/cm3,约0.67 g/cm3至约0.78g/cm3,约0.7g/cm3至约0.76g/cm3或约0.72g/cm3至约0.75g/cm3的密度,以符合需求;上述厚度和密度亦可以包括其范围内任意数值的较小范围或具有任意数值。
在本发明中,可藉由吹膜法等制法将所请的农用地膜调配物制成所需的农用地膜。
在本发明的实施态样中,制造农用地膜的方法可包括以下步骤:
(1)密练:将上述农用地膜调配物经密练制成复合软料;
(2)造粒:将所述复合软料制成复合颗粒;
(3)预成型:将所述复合颗粒形成膜管;
(4)吹膜:在所述膜管内充气,使膜管向外延伸膨胀成预定尺寸;和
(5)整型:将所述膜管压扁,以制成农用地膜。
在本发明的具体实施态样中,农用地膜的制造方法例如但不限于包括以下步骤:
(1-1)在约120℃至约160℃,优选约125℃至约140℃之间,将所述农用地膜调配物的各成分混合;
(1-2)在约140℃至约180℃,优选约160℃至约170℃之间使所述高密度聚乙烯、所述低密度聚乙烯与所述可生物降解塑料融熔,和将所述融熔物与所述无机矿粉密练为复合软料;
(2-1)将所述复合软料送入制粒机中制成复合颗粒;
(3-1)将所述复合颗粒投入具有圆形模嘴的押出机中,在约120℃至约170℃,优选约140℃至约160℃之间使所述复合颗粒软化;
(3-2)将经软化的复合颗粒从所述圆形模嘴挤出以形成膜管;
(4-1)将所述膜管冷却至约100℃至约130℃之间,优选为以冷风将所述膜管冷却至约100℃至约130℃或约110℃至约120℃之间,其中冷却的距离(即成型距离)为所述圆形模嘴的直径的约4倍至约8倍,约5倍至约7倍,或约4倍至约7.5倍,和圆形模嘴的直径为可视需要选择者,例如但不限于约150mm至约350mm,或约200mm至约300mm,优选为约250 mm;
(4-2)在经冷却的膜管内充气,使其向外延伸膨胀为大圆柱状,充气后的膜管直径具有所述圆形模嘴的直径的约4倍至约8倍,约5倍至约7倍,或约4倍至约7.5倍的直径;
(5-1)将经延伸膨胀的膜管藉由成型幕的滚轮压扁为两层的扁平状农用地膜;和
(5-2)将所述两层的扁平状农用地膜经割边后成为两片单层的农用地膜。
图1为本发明农用地膜的加工设备示意图。
请参照图1(a)与图1(b)。在步骤(1)中,将存放在储存桶中的五种原料,即无机矿粉1、高密度聚乙烯2、低密度聚乙烯3、聚乳酸4和助剂5,经由五合一自动计量系统6中的五组螺杆,分别依配方比例连续的投入密练机7的入料口。之后,经密练机的第一段密练室进行第一阶段加热至约120℃至约160℃,优选约125℃至约140℃,将五种原料均匀混合、搅拌之后,进入第二段密练室进行第二阶段加热至约140℃至约180℃,优选约160℃至约 170℃,使高密度聚乙烯、低密度聚乙烯和聚乳酸树脂熔融成为热融塑料,再与无机矿粉充份混合、挤压、捏合和密练以形成复合软料,接着将复合软料由密练机出口排出至押出机的入料口。
在步骤(2)中,将复合软料送入押出制粒机8的入料口,由押出机的螺杆押出至颗粒制造模块,以制成复合颗粒,将所制得的复合颗粒存放于复合粒储料桶9和10中。
在步骤(3)中,将置于复合粒储料桶中的复合颗粒材料经由自动吸料机11投入农用地膜制造押出机12的入料口,将押出机的螺杆套筒控制至约120℃至约170℃之间,优选约 140℃至约160℃之间所述复合颗粒软化,然后将经软化的复合颗粒由螺杆押出至圆形模嘴 13出料,以形成中空圆筒状的膜管16。请参照图2的本发明农用膜管的成型方式示意图。
在步骤(4)中,以冷却风环14的冷风将膜管冷却至约100℃至约130℃之间,其中冷却的距离(即冷却线长度或成型距离)为可情况要调整,一般从圆形模嘴的平面算起,约圆形模嘴直径的约4倍至约8倍或约5倍至约7倍;接着,进行吹膜,即在经冷却的膜管16内充气,使的向外延伸膨胀为具有预定尺寸的大圆柱状,所述预定尺寸可依需要调整,一般具有所述圆形模嘴的直径的约4倍至约8倍,或约5倍至约7倍的直径。吹膜的步骤包括但不限于,将圆筒状的膜管上端压黏在一起后向上拉伸,随即在膜管内打入高压空气,使膜管直径变大,同时膜管的厚度变薄,類似吹气球球体胀大后厚度变薄,利用此吹胀原理达到纵向和横向同时延伸可以控制膜管的尺寸大小和厚度。
在步骤(5)中,利用引取轮18下方的两排成型幕滚轮组17,将膨胀的大圆柱型膜管逐渐压扁成两层的扁平状农用地膜,之后使引取轮夹紧运转,调整引取轮的速度,可以控制农用地膜的厚度,再牵引至下方的收卷台,将两层的扁平状经割边装置19割边之后,成为两片单层的农用地膜成品。
本发明方法可另包括收卷步骤,例如但不限于将两片单层的农用地膜各别牵引到双面轮面的表面卷取机20卷取膜卷,即可制成具有双向延伸的农用地膜成品21。
本发明的农用地膜的制造过程只需把各种原料存放在储存桶内,即可自动依比例进料、连续生产,一气呵成,不仅节省人力,且可节省能源,达到节能减碳的目的,更符合环保的要求。
此外,本发明的农用地膜可调整具有任意所需的厚度和密度,优选为具有约6μm至约 15μm的厚度,和约0.6g/cm3至约0.85g/cm3的密度,使得同样的原料可以制得具有更大面积的农用地膜,以降低生产成本。本发明的农用地膜可再经裁切或其他方式以具有所需的任意形状和颜色。
在本发明的另一实施态样中,适用于吹膜法的主要设备包括但不限于,原料储存桶,原料自动计量系统,密练机,制粒机,复合料储料桶,自动吸料机,押出机,吹膜制造机,成型幕滚轮组和引取轮,割边装置和表面卷取机等。
图2为本发明农用膜管的成型方式示意图。由图2所示,本发明是以高密度聚乙烯作为部分塑料,故能有充分的膜管吹制成型距离D,以利随时调控制程条件。此外,吹膜设备所使用的圆形模嘴的直径(d1)可较习知使用者为小,藉此吹制出具有大吹胀比(即膜管直径 d2/模嘴直径d1)的膜管,并制得具有较高机械强度的膜管和地膜。
另外,为了增加农用地膜的保肥性质或其他所需功效,可在其表面上形成肥料涂膜或其他功能层。另外,为了增加农用地膜的降解性,可再利用特有的设备作延伸,使农用地膜的密度降低,同样厚度的地膜覆盖农地面积可多出约20%以上,如此更有效降低农用地膜的成本,以提高农民受益。
综上所述,本发明选用包括特定组分的农用地膜调配物,以制得具有环保的农用复合地膜,其应用广泛,不但具有传统地膜的保水、保温和抑制杂草生长等功效,更能有效避免造成环境,特别是土壤污染。相对于传统工艺,本发明的农用地膜可以改变配方于预定时间内有效裂解,不会影响农作物生长,符合环保需求,并可减少作业人力,减少物资、机具与能源的使用,大幅降低时间与成本,而且适用范围不受限制,操作简易,更能符合国际品牌对于环保减废的要求。
以下实例是用于对本案所请的发明作进一步说明,惟非用以限制本案所请发明的范围。任何此技术技艺中具有通常知识者可轻易达成的修饰和改变均包括于本案说明书揭示内容和所附申请专利范围的范围内。
制造实例1
将无机矿粉、HDPE、LDPE、PLA和助剂等五种材料,分别由不同的不锈钢输送管,各自以负压抽送到无机矿粉计量储存桶、HDPE计量储存桶、LDPE计量储存桶、PLA计量储存桶和助剂计量储存桶。依照设定的配方包括约60kg无机矿粉、约22kg HDPE、约10kg LDPE、约6kg PLA和约2kg助剂,合计约100kg。
经由数字化磅秤与数字化控制五组螺杆以定量输送五合一原材料至密练机的入口,来制备复合软料。所述供料可连续不停运转,每小时可供应五合一原材料为约1200kg。密练机依供料持续运转,此时密练机双转子的转速依数字化控制在每分钟约280转。密练机第一阶段温度依数字化控制在约140℃,密练机第二阶段温度依数字化控制在约160℃。密练机的出料量为每小时约1200kg的五合一复合软料。复合软料直接进入制粒机,制成直径约4mm乘以长度约3mm至约4mm的颗粒复合材料。
将颗粒复合材料投入农用地膜制造押出机中,调整螺杆套筒温度,第一段控制在约 140℃、第二段控制在约145℃,和第三段至第五段控制在约150℃,由螺杆持续运转押出至圆型模嘴出料,此时模头的温度控制在约135℃,模嘴直径为约250mm。之后,由模嘴出料的膜管藉由冷风吹送以冷却膜管,让温度降低至约100℃至约130℃之间。在膜管内充气,让膜管向外膨涨延伸成型为大圆柱状,其直径为约1300mm。接着,经两排成型幕滚轮将大圆柱状的膜管成型为两层的扁平状农用地膜。然后,经由引取轮夹住转动,调整引取轮的转速使其引取线速度为约100m/min,再将其牵引至割边装置,将两层的扁平状农用地膜,割边成为单层的复合农用地膜。最后,将两片单层的农用地膜个别牵引至双面轮面卷取机,其成品宽度为约2050mm,厚度为约8μm,密度测量后为约0.78g/cm3,和每平方重量为约6.24g。本实例的环保农用复合地膜的每小时产量为约153.5kg。
制造实例2
将无机矿粉、HDPE、LDPE、PLA和助剂等五种材料,分别由不同的不锈钢输送管,各自以负压抽送到无机矿粉计量储存桶、HDPE计量储存桶、LDPE计量储存桶、PLA计量储存桶和助剂计量储存桶。依照设定的配方包括约60kg无机矿粉、约22kgHDPE、约10kg LDPE、约6kgPLA和约2kg助剂,合计约100kg。
经由数字化磅秤与数字化控制五组螺杆以定量输送五合一原材料至密练机的入口,来制备复合软料。所述供料可连续不停运转,每小时可供应五合一原材料为约1200kg。密练机依供料持续运转,此时密练机双转子的转速依数字化控制在每分钟约280转。密练机第一阶段温度依数字化控制在约140℃,密练机第二阶段温度依数字化控制在约160℃。密练机的出料量为每小时约1200kg的五合一复合软料。复合软料直接进入制粒机,制成直径约4mm乘以长度约3mm至约4mm的颗粒复合材料。
将颗粒复合材料投入农用地膜制造押出机中,调整螺杆套筒温度,第一段控制在约 140℃、第二段控制在约145℃,和第三段至第五段控制在约150℃,由螺杆持续运转押出至圆型模嘴出料,此时模头的温度控制在约135℃,模嘴直径为约250mm。之后,由模嘴出料的膜管藉由冷风吹送以冷却膜管,让温度降低至约100℃至约130℃之间。在膜管内充气,让膜管向外膨涨延伸成型为大圆柱状,其直径为约1300mm。接着,经两排被动成型幕滚轮将大圆柱状的膜管成型为两层的扁平状农用地膜。然后,经由引取轮夹住转动,调整引取轮的转速使其线速度为约120m/min,再将其牵引至割边装置,将两层的扁平状农用地膜,割边成为单层的复合农用地膜。最后,将两片单层的农用地膜个别牵引至双面轮面卷取机,其成品宽度为约2050mm,厚度为约7μm,密度测量后为约0.743g/cm3,和每平方重量为约5.2g。本实例的环保农用复合地膜的每小时产量为约153.5kg。
制造实例3
将无机矿粉、HDPE、LDPE、PLA和助剂等五种材料,分别由不同的不锈钢输送管,各自以负压抽送到无机矿粉计量储存桶、HDPE计量储存桶、LDPE计量储存桶、PLA计量储存桶和助剂计量储存桶。依照设定的配方包括约60kg无机矿粉、约22kg HDPE、约10kg LDPE、约6kg PLA和约2kg助剂,合计约100kg。
经由数字化磅秤与数字化控制五组螺杆以定量输送五合一原材料至密练机的入口,来制备复合软料。所述供料可连续不停运转,每小时可供应五合一原材料为约1200kg。密练机依供料持续运转,此时密练机双转子的转速依数字化控制在每分钟约280转。密练机第一阶段温度依数字化控制在约140℃,密练机第二阶段温度依数字化控制在约160℃。密练机的出料量为每小时约1200kg的五合一复合软料。复合软料直接进入制粒机,制成直径约4mm乘以长度约3mm至约4mm的颗粒复合材料。
将颗粒复合材料投入农用地膜制造押出机中,调整螺杆套筒温度,第一段控制在约 140℃、第二段控制在约145℃,和第三段至第五段控制在约150℃,由螺杆持续运转押出至圆型模嘴出料,此时模头的温度控制在约135℃,模嘴直径为约250mm。之后,由模嘴出料的膜管藉由冷风吹送以冷却膜管,让温度降低至约100℃至约130℃之间。在膜管内充气,让膜管向外膨涨延伸成型为大圆柱状,其直径为约1300mm。接着,经两排成型幕滚轮将大圆柱状的膜管成型为两层的扁平状农用地膜。然后,经由引取轮夹住转动,调整引取轮的转速使其线速度为约149m/min,再将其牵引至割边装置,将两层的扁平状农用地膜,割边成为单层的复合农用地膜。最后,将两片单层的农用地膜个别牵引至双面轮面卷取机,其成品宽度为约2050mm,厚度为约6μm,密度测量后为约0.7g/cm3,和每平方重量为约4.2g。本实例的环保农用复合地膜的每小时产量为约153.9kg。
符号说明
1 无机矿粉
2 高密度聚乙烯
3 低密度聚乙烯
4 聚乳酸
5 助剂
6. 五合一计量系统
7. 密练机
8. 押出制粒机
9. 复合粒储料桶
10. 复合粒储料桶
11. 自动吸料机
12. 押出机
13. 圆形模嘴
14. 冷却风环
16. 膜管
17. 成型幕滚轮组
18. 引取轮
19. 割边装置
20. 表面卷取机
21. 农用地膜成品
d1 圆形模嘴直径
d2 膜管直径
D 成型距离
Claims (20)
1.一种农用地膜调配物,其包括以调配物的总重量计:
约40重量%至约70重量%的无机矿粉;
约15重量%至约30重量%的高密度聚乙烯;
约8重量%至约20重量%的低密度聚乙烯;和
约5重量%至约10重量%的可生物降解塑料。
2.如权利要求1所述的农用地膜调配物,其中所述无机矿粉是选自由未经锻烧的碳酸钙、石灰石磨粉、黄土磨粉、灰土磨粉和其组合所组成的群组。
3.如权利要求1所述的农用地膜调配物,其中所述无机矿粉包括至少约80%的具有平均粒径为约1μm至约2μm的无机矿粉。
4.如权利要求1所述的农用地膜调配物,其中所述无机矿粉包括约100%的具有平均粒径为约1μm至约4μm的无机矿粉。
5.如权利要求1所述的农用地膜调配物,其中所述高密度聚乙烯包括吹膜级高密度聚乙烯。
6.如权利要求1所述的农用地膜调配物,其中所述低密度聚乙烯包括吹膜级低密度聚乙烯。
7.如权利要求1所述的农用地膜调配物,其中所述可生物降解塑料是选自由吹膜级聚乳酸、吹膜级聚己内酯、吹膜级聚羟基丁酸酯和其组合所组成的群组。
8.如权利要求1所述的农用地膜调配物,其另包括助剂。
9.如权利要求8所述的农用地膜调配物,其中所述助剂是选自由偶合剂、滑剂和其组合所组成的群组。
10.如权利要求1至9中任一项所述的农用地膜调配物,其包括约40重量%至约65重量%的无机矿粉、约15重量%至约30重量%的高密度聚乙烯、约8重量%至约20重量%的低密度聚乙烯、约5重量%至约10重量%的聚乳酸和约1重量%至约2重量%的助剂。
11.如权利要求1至9中任一项所述的农用地膜调配物,其是用于形成农用地膜。
12.一种农用地膜,其是由如权利要求1至10中任一项所述的农用地膜调配物所制得,且具有约6μm至约15μm的厚度,和约0.6g/cm3至约0.85g/cm3的密度。
13.一种农用地膜的制造方法,其包括以下步骤:
(1)将如权利要求1至10中任一项所述的农用地膜调配物经密练制成复合软料;
(2)将所述复合软料制成复合颗粒;
(3)将所述复合颗粒形成膜管;
(4)在所述膜管内充气,使所述膜管向外延伸膨胀成预定尺寸;和
(5)将经膨胀的膜管压扁,以制成农用地膜。
14.如权利要求13所述的方法,其中步骤(1)和步骤(2)包括:
(1-1)在约120℃至约160℃之间,将所述农用地膜调配物的各成分混合;
(1-2)在约140℃至约180℃之间使所述高密度聚乙烯、所述低密度聚乙烯与所述可生物降解塑料融熔,和将所述融熔物与所述无机矿粉密练为复合软料;和
(2-1)将所述复合软料送入制粒机中制成复合颗粒。
15.如权利要求13所述的方法,其中步骤(3)包括:
(3-1)将所述复合颗粒投入具有圆形模嘴的押出机中,在约120℃至约170℃之间使所述复合颗粒软化;和
(3-2)将经软化的复合颗粒从所述圆形模嘴挤出以形成膜管。
16.如权利要求13所述的方法,其中步骤(4)包括:
(4-1)将所述膜管冷却至约100℃至约130℃之间;和
(4-2)在经冷却的膜管内充气,使其向外延伸膨胀为大圆柱状,其具有所述圆形模嘴的直径的约4倍至约8倍的直径。
17.如权利要求16所述的方法,其中步骤(4-1)包括以冷风将所述膜管冷却至约100℃至约130℃之间,其中冷却的距离为所述圆形模嘴的直径的约4倍至约8倍。
18.如权利要求13所述的方法,其中步骤(5)包括:
(5-1)将经延伸膨胀的膜管藉由成型幕的滚轮压扁为两层的扁平状农用地膜;和
(5-2)将所述两层的扁平状农用地膜经割边后成为两片单层的农用地膜。
19.如权利要求18所述的方法,其另包括在步骤(5-1)后,藉由调整引取夹轮的转速来控制农用地膜的厚度。
20.如权利要求13至19中任一项所述的方法,其中所述农用地膜具有约6μm至约15μm的厚度,和约0.6g/cm3至约0.85g/cm3的密度。
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Cited By (3)
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CN110343324A (zh) * | 2019-07-22 | 2019-10-18 | 广东安德力新材料有限公司 | 可降解标签膜及其制备方法 |
CN111070479A (zh) * | 2019-11-25 | 2020-04-28 | 陈梅花 | 一种聚乙烯塑料提翻降解机 |
CN115710392A (zh) * | 2022-09-29 | 2023-02-24 | 宜兴威尼特包装袋有限公司 | 一种高阻隔高强度可降解多功能袋用pe膜 |
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BR112018072919B1 (pt) | 2016-05-10 | 2022-06-28 | Robert Charles Trenchard | Película reativa ao sol para cobertura agrícola e processo de manufatura |
CN109041977B (zh) * | 2018-09-03 | 2023-08-08 | 平顶山市绿禾农业科技开发有限公司 | 一种农田隆起用的便捷式农膜铺设装置 |
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CN115710392A (zh) * | 2022-09-29 | 2023-02-24 | 宜兴威尼特包装袋有限公司 | 一种高阻隔高强度可降解多功能袋用pe膜 |
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EP3366115A1 (en) | 2018-08-29 |
US20180235159A1 (en) | 2018-08-23 |
TW201831077A (zh) | 2018-09-01 |
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