CN108450995B - Loose leaf baking process in southeast tobacco region - Google Patents
Loose leaf baking process in southeast tobacco region Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a loose leaf baking process in a southeast tobacco zone, which comprises the following baking periods which are sequentially carried out: (1) in the early stage of yellowing; (2) middle yellowing stage; (3) in the later stage of yellowing; (4) dry tip period; (5) a dry-slice period; (6) a muscle drying period; the specific control conditions of the step (1) are as follows: after the baking room is ignited, the temperature is raised to 36 ℃ of dry bulb temperature at the heating rate of 1 ℃/h, the temperature of wet bulb is controlled to 36 ℃, and the baking is carried out for 4h at a stable temperature; then the temperature of the dry bulb is increased from 36 ℃ to 38 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/2-3h, the temperature of the wet bulb is controlled to be increased from 36 ℃ to 38 ℃, and then the baking is carried out for 12-14h at a stable temperature. The process can effectively solve the problems of large base tip difference and thin leaf of the tobacco leaves after the lower leaves are baked; the upper leaves are seriously dusted, dark in color, stiff and the like; the process is particularly suitable for loose leaf baking of tobacco leaves in the southeast area of China, and greatly improves the quality of the tobacco leaves.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a loose leaf baking process in a southeast tobacco region.
Background
The tobacco leaf baking process generally refers to the control indexes and technical measures of the tobacco leaf change process, temperature, humidity and time in the baking process of tobacco leaves. Loose leaf roasting is a simplified intensive roasting technique, which is an important form of overseas flue-cured tobacco roasting, especially in the United states and Canada, which is mainly container loose leaf roasting. At present, loose leaf roasting is also one of the important directions for the roasting development of flue-cured tobaccos in China. In 2002 + 2012, the Guizhou province carries out systematic research on a scattered leaf curing barn and a scattered leaf curing process, and passes two standards of flue-cured tobacco scattered leaf stacking curing process rules and technical rules, however, due to the influence of factors such as regions, ecological climate and the like, the scattered leaf curing process of the Guizhou province cannot adapt to the curing of scattered leaves in all regions, particularly tobacco leaves in southeast tobacco regions with high humidity, and the scattered leaf curing process of the tobacco leaves in the southeast tobacco regions by utilizing the scattered leaf curing process of the Guizhou province often has the phenomena of green mixed tobacco, poor tobacco leaf curing permeability, thin leaves, no shrinkage, insufficient fragrance of cured bad tobacco and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a loose tobacco leaf baking process in a southeast tobacco area, which can reduce the proportion of green and miscellaneous tobacco leaves, improve the appearance of tobacco leaves and improve the quality of the tobacco leaves and is particularly suitable for baking the tobacco leaves in the southeast tobacco area.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a loose leaf baking process in a southeast tobacco zone comprises the following baking periods which are sequentially carried out:
(1) in the early stage of yellowing; (2) middle yellowing stage; (3) in the later stage of yellowing; (4) dry tip period; (5) a dry-slice period; (6) a muscle drying period;
wherein, the specific control conditions in the early stage of yellowing in the step (1) are controlled as follows:
after ignition of the curing barn, the temperature is raised to 36 ℃ of dry bulb temperature at the heating rate of 1 ℃/h, the temperature of wet bulb is controlled to 36 ℃, and then the baking is carried out for 4h under the conditions that the temperature of dry bulb is 36 ℃ and the temperature of wet bulb is 36 ℃;
then, the temperature of the dry bulb is increased from 36 ℃ to 38 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/2-3h, the temperature of the wet bulb is controlled to be increased from 36 ℃ to 38 ℃, and then the dry bulb is baked for 12-14h at the temperature of 38 ℃ and 38 ℃ until the leaves are heated; the moisture is not discharged in the early stage of yellowing, the curing barn needs to have good tightness, and the fan is controlled to rotate forwards at a high speed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the process is a staged heating baking process, and can effectively solve the problems of large base tip difference and thin leaves of the tobacco leaves after the lower leaves are baked; the upper leaves are seriously dusted, dark in color, stiff and the like; the whole set of loose leaf baking process is perfected, the baking link is simplified, and the labor cost of the baking link is greatly reduced. The process comprises the steps of controlling the temperature of a dry bulb to be 36 ℃ in the early yellowing stage, baking for a period of time at a stable temperature, raising the temperature to be 38 ℃ and baking at a stable temperature, and can prepare for slow moisture removal in the later yellowing stage and improve the appearance of tobacco leaves; in addition, in the middle stage of yellowing, the process is firstly carried out by slowly opening a window and carrying out a small amount of moisture removal, the temperature of wet bulbs is reduced from 40 ℃ to 39 ℃, then the wet bulbs are baked at a stable temperature, then the temperature of the wet bulbs is reduced to 38 ℃ by a small amount of moisture removal, and the method of carrying out the small amount of moisture removal and then carrying out the large amount of moisture removal is adopted in the middle stage of yellowing, so that the green bottom can be effectively prevented, the proportion of the green miscellaneous tobacco can be reduced, the fragrance of the tobacco leaves can be maximally reserved, the method is particularly suitable for loose leaf baking of the tobacco leaves in the southeast.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples:
a loose leaf baking process in a southeast tobacco zone comprises the following baking periods which are sequentially carried out:
(1) in the early stage of yellowing; (2) middle yellowing stage; (3) in the later stage of yellowing; (4) dry tip period; (5) a dry-slice period; (6) a muscle drying period;
wherein, the specific control conditions in the early stage of yellowing in the step (1) are controlled as follows:
after ignition of the curing barn, the temperature is raised to 36 ℃ of dry bulb temperature at the heating rate of 1 ℃/h, the temperature of wet bulb is controlled to 36 ℃, and then the baking is carried out for 4h under the conditions that the temperature of dry bulb is 36 ℃ and the temperature of wet bulb is 36 ℃;
then, the temperature of the dry bulb is increased from 36 ℃ to 38 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/2-3h, the temperature of the wet bulb is controlled to be increased from 36 ℃ to 38 ℃, and then the dry bulb is baked for 12-14h at the temperature of 38 ℃ and 38 ℃ until the leaves are heated; the moisture is not discharged in the early stage of yellowing, the curing barn needs to have good tightness, and the fan is controlled to rotate forwards at a high speed. In the early yellowing stage, the temperature of the dry balls is controlled to be 36 ℃, the dry balls are baked for a period of time at a stable temperature, and then the temperature of the dry balls is raised to be 38 ℃ and then the dry balls are baked at a stable temperature, so that preparation can be made for slow moisture removal in the middle yellowing stage in the later stage, the appearance of the tobacco leaves can be improved, and the quality of the tobacco leaves can be improved.
The specific control conditions in the middle yellowing stage in the step (2) are as follows: raising the temperature of a dry bulb after the early yellowing stage to 40 ℃ at a heating rate of 1 ℃/1-2h, controlling the temperature of a wet bulb to be 40 ℃, controlling a fan to rotate forwards, slowly opening a window, reducing the temperature of the wet bulb from 40 ℃ to 39 ℃ by a small amount of moisture removal, and then stably baking for 14-16h at the dry bulb temperature of 40 ℃ and the wet bulb temperature of 39 ℃ until the bottom layer tobacco leaves are yellow 6-8; and slowly opening the window, gradually increasing the moisture removal amount, reducing the wet bulb temperature from 39 ℃ to 38 ℃, and stably baking for 12-14h at the dry bulb temperature of 40 ℃ and the wet bulb temperature of 38 ℃ until the bottom layer tobacco leaves become yellow 8-9 and the leaf tips are basically laid down.
The research of the inventor of the invention finds that the aspect of controlling the humidity in the baking process by the loose tobacco baking of the tobacco leaves in the southeast tobacco area is accurately grasped; the process comprises the steps of slowly opening a window, slightly dehumidifying to reduce the temperature of wet balls from 40 ℃ to 39 ℃ in the middle yellowing stage, then baking at a stable temperature, slightly dehumidifying to reduce the temperature of the wet balls to 38 ℃, and effectively preventing bottom green by adopting the method of firstly slightly dehumidifying and then greatly dehumidifying in the middle yellowing stage.
The specific control conditions in the later yellowing stage in the step (3) are as follows: raising the dry bulb temperature after the middle yellowing stage to 42 ℃ at a temperature rise speed of 1 ℃/1-2h, increasing a cold air inlet to reduce the wet bulb temperature to 37 ℃ or 36 ℃, and then stably baking for 24-28h at the dry bulb temperature of 42 ℃ and the wet bulb temperature of 37 ℃ or 36 ℃ until the tobacco leaves in the baking room are all yellow and the third layer of tobacco leaves is partially laid down;
and then, at the heating rate of 1 ℃/1-2h, the temperature of the dry bulb is increased from 42 ℃ to 44 ℃, the window is opened continuously for moisture removal, the temperature of the wet bulb is maintained at 37 ℃ or 36 ℃, and then the tobacco leaves are baked at the dry bulb temperature of 44 ℃ and the wet bulb temperature of 37 ℃ or 36 ℃ for 6-8h at a stable temperature until the fully baked tobacco leaves are laid down.
Reducing the wet bulb temperature to 37 ℃ or 36 ℃ in the later yellowing stage, wherein the wet bulb temperature can be reduced to 36 ℃ according to the air humidity during tobacco curing or the density of tobacco in a curing barn, for example, during the tobacco curing, the weather is rainy, the air humidity is high, and the wet bulb temperature can be reduced to 36 ℃; if the tobacco is contained in the curing barn too densely, the temperature of the wet bulb can be reduced to 36 ℃. If the weather is clear during the tobacco curing period, the temperature of the wet bulb can be reduced to 37 ℃.
The specific control conditions of the dry tip period in the step (4) are as follows: raising the temperature of the dry bulb after the later yellowing stage to 46-48 ℃ at the temperature raising speed of 1 ℃/2-3h, controlling the temperature of the wet bulb to be 38-39 ℃, and baking the tobacco leaves for 16-20h at a stable temperature under the conditions that the temperature of the dry bulb is 46-48 ℃ and the temperature of the wet bulb is 38-39 ℃ until the main vein becomes white, and the dry tips of the three-layer tobacco leaves are more than 10 cm. In the process, a green cord fading period is formed, the green cord cannot be formed after the temperature is 46 ℃, and the moisture regain is realized after the temperature is 46 ℃ so as to deepen the color of the tobacco leaves.
The specific control conditions in the dry period in the step (5) are as follows: raising the dry bulb temperature at the end of the dry tip period to 50 ℃ at a temperature rise rate of 1 ℃/2-3h, controlling the wet bulb temperature to be 39 ℃, and stably baking for 6h at the dry bulb temperature of 50 ℃ and the wet bulb temperature of 39 ℃ until the bottom layer leaves are completely dry;
and then, raising the temperature of the dry bulb from 50 ℃ to 52-54 ℃ at a temperature raising speed of 1 ℃/2-3h, controlling the temperature of the wet bulb to be 40 ℃, and baking the dry bulb at 52-54 ℃ and the temperature of the wet bulb at 40 ℃ for 12-18h at a stable temperature until the fully baked leaves are fully dried. And (3) baking at the dry bulb temperature of 52-54 ℃ for more than 12h at a stable temperature.
The concrete control conditions of the tendon drying period in the step (6) are as follows:
the first stage is as follows: firstly, heating the dry bulb temperature at the end of the dry tablet period to 60 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/2-3h, controlling the wet bulb temperature to be 41 ℃, and baking for 6h at a stable temperature under the conditions that the dry bulb temperature is 60 ℃ and the wet bulb temperature is 41 ℃ until the main pulse is half-dry;
and a second stage: raising the temperature of the dry bulb from 60 ℃ to 65 ℃ at a temperature raising speed of 1 ℃/2-3h, controlling the temperature of the wet bulb to be 42 ℃, and baking for 12h at a stable temperature under the conditions that the temperature of the dry bulb is 65 ℃ and the temperature of the wet bulb is 42 ℃ until the main vein is left undried by 3-5 cm;
and in the third stage, the temperature of the dry bulb is increased from 65 ℃ to 68 ℃ at the temperature increasing speed of 1 ℃/2-3h, the temperature of the wet bulb is controlled to be 42 ℃, the dry bulb is baked for 12h at the temperature of 68 ℃ and the temperature of the wet bulb is controlled to be 42 ℃ at a stable temperature until the main pulse is completely dry, and the humidity cannot exceed 43 ℃ in the stage so as to prevent the red smoke from being baked. In addition, the baking time is as short as possible at 68 ℃.
Gradually raising the temperature in the stem drying period to gradually dry the main veins of the tobacco leaves; after 60 ℃, the fan is started at low speed.
The key control conditions of the loose leaf roasting process in the southeast tobacco zone of the invention are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Loose leaf roasting set Process Key temperature points
Note: the thermometer is positioned in the two layers of tobacco leaves in the curing barn, and the curing barn is an airflow ascending type curing barn.
The whole baking process in the baking period is controlled by adopting a flue-cured tobacco temperature and humidity intelligent control system.
The loose leaf baking process of the fen-flavor tobacco leaves further comprises a loading and baking process before the baking period; the specific operation method of the baking process comprises the following steps: installing a fixing frame on one side of a tobacco bulk leaf inserting and skewing air grid outside a tobacco loading chamber, then obliquely placing the tobacco bulk leaf inserting and skewing air grid, enabling the fixing frame on the side to lean against a wall, then placing tobacco leaves into the tobacco bulk leaf inserting and skewing air grid in a tidy manner with the leaf tips of the tobacco leaves facing upwards and upside down, stably leaning against the fixing frame during tobacco leaf loading, finishing the tightness of the tobacco leaves and installing the fixing frame on the other side after the tobacco leaves are filled, and then fixing the tobacco leaves by using bamboo sticks; and finally, pushing the tobacco bulk cutting and skewing air grid filled with the tobacco into a tobacco loading chamber of the curing barn by using a bulk cutting and skewing baking upper curing machine, and lifting the tobacco bulk cutting and skewing air grid to a supporting beam in the curing barn.
The loose tobacco leaf baking process of the fen-flavor tobacco leaves further comprises a baking unloading process after baking (namely after the baking period is finished), wherein the specific operation method of the baking unloading process comprises the following steps: lifting the tobacco bulk leaf inserting and skewing air grid filled with the flue-cured tobacco leaves out of the curing barn, then taking down the fixing frame on one side of the tobacco bulk leaf inserting and skewing air grid, winding a twine around the tobacco leaves on the side in the process of taking the fixing frame, then dumping the tobacco bulk leaf inserting and skewing air grid towards one side of the taking-down fixing frame, further winding a binding rope to the periphery of the tobacco leaves on the other side of the tobacco bulk leaf inserting and skewing air grid, binding the binding rope, namely binding the whole frame of tobacco leaves tightly, and finally sending the bound tobacco leaves into a warehouse for damp-proof storage.
The name of the tobacco bulk leaf inserting and skewering air grid applied by the applicant of the invention in 2015 on 4-month and 3-day is novel tobacco bulk leaf inserting and skewering air grid, and the application number is 201520200068.4; the patent of the invention is about the utility model with name of the baking machine for the cut loose leaves and application number of 201520772442.8, which is applied by the applicant of the invention on 2015, 9 and 30.
The first embodiment is as follows:
the picked tobacco leaves are packaged and roasted, and the specific operation method of packaging and roasting comprises the following steps:
installing a fixing frame on one side of a tobacco bulk leaf inserting and skewing air grid outside a tobacco loading chamber, then obliquely placing the tobacco bulk leaf inserting and skewing air grid, enabling the fixing frame on the side to lean against a wall, then placing tobacco leaves into the tobacco bulk leaf inserting and skewing air grid in a tidy manner with the leaf tips of the tobacco leaves facing upwards and upside down, stably leaning against the fixing frame during tobacco leaf loading, finishing the tightness of the tobacco leaves and installing the fixing frame on the other side after the tobacco leaves are filled, and then fixing the tobacco leaves by using bamboo sticks; and finally, pushing the tobacco bulk cutting and skewing air grid filled with the tobacco into a tobacco loading chamber of the curing barn by using a bulk cutting and skewing baking upper curing machine, and lifting the tobacco bulk cutting and skewing air grid to a supporting beam in the curing barn.
After being baked, the loose leaves are baked, because the weather during the baking is rainy and the air humidity is high, the following loose leaf baking process is adopted:
the loose leaf baking process comprises the following baking periods which are sequentially carried out:
(1) in the early stage of yellowing; (2) middle yellowing stage; (3) in the later stage of yellowing; (4) dry tip period; (5) a dry-slice period; (6) and (5) a muscle drying period.
Wherein, the specific control conditions in the early stage of yellowing in the step (1) are controlled as follows:
after ignition of the curing barn, the temperature is raised to 36 ℃ of dry bulb temperature at the heating rate of 1 ℃/h, the temperature of wet bulb is controlled to 36 ℃, and then the baking is carried out for 4h under the conditions that the temperature of dry bulb is 36 ℃ and the temperature of wet bulb is 36 ℃;
then, the temperature of the dry bulb is increased from 36 ℃ to 38 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/2-3h, the temperature of the wet bulb is controlled to be increased from 36 ℃ to 38 ℃, and then the dry bulb is baked for 12h at the temperature of 38 ℃ and 38 ℃ until the leaves are heated; the moisture is not discharged in the early stage of yellowing, the curing barn needs to have good tightness, and the fan is controlled to rotate forwards at a high speed.
The specific control conditions in the middle yellowing stage in the step (2) are as follows: raising the temperature of a dry bulb after the early yellowing stage to 40 ℃ at a heating rate of 1 ℃/1-2h, controlling the temperature of a wet bulb to be 40 ℃, controlling a fan to rotate forwards, slowly opening a window, reducing the temperature of the wet bulb from 40 ℃ to 39 ℃ by a small amount of moisture removal, and then stably baking for 16h at the dry bulb temperature of 40 ℃ and the wet bulb temperature of 39 ℃ until the bottom layer tobacco leaves are yellow 6-8; and slowly opening the window, gradually increasing the moisture discharge amount, reducing the wet bulb temperature from 39 ℃ to 38 ℃, and stably baking for 12 hours at the dry bulb temperature of 40 ℃ and the wet bulb temperature of 38 ℃ until the tobacco leaves at the bottom layer become yellow 8-9 and the leaf tips are basically laid down.
The specific control conditions in the later yellowing stage in the step (3) are as follows: raising the temperature of the dry bulb after the middle yellowing stage to 42 ℃ at a temperature rise speed of 1 ℃/1-2h, increasing a cold air inlet to reduce the temperature of the wet bulb to 36 ℃, and then stably baking for 28h at the dry bulb temperature of 42 ℃ and the wet bulb temperature of 36 ℃ until the tobacco leaves in the baking room are all yellow and the third layer of tobacco leaves is partially laid down;
and then, at the heating rate of 1 ℃/1-2h, the dry bulb temperature is increased from 42 ℃ to 44 ℃, the window is opened continuously for moisture removal, the wet bulb temperature is reduced to 36 ℃, and then the tobacco leaves are baked for 6h at the stable temperature under the conditions that the dry bulb temperature is 44 ℃ and the wet bulb temperature is 36 ℃ until the fully baked tobacco leaves are laid down.
The specific control conditions of the dry tip period in the step (4) are as follows: raising the temperature of the dry bulb after the later yellowing stage to 48 ℃ at the temperature raising speed of 1 ℃/2-3h, controlling the temperature of the wet bulb to be 38 ℃, and baking for 20h at a stable temperature under the conditions that the temperature of the dry bulb is 48 ℃ and the temperature of the wet bulb is 38 ℃ until the main vein becomes white, wherein the dry tip of the three-layer tobacco leaves is more than 10 cm.
The specific control conditions in the dry period in the step (5) are as follows: raising the dry bulb temperature at the end of the dry tip period to 50 ℃ at a temperature rise rate of 1 ℃/2-3h, controlling the wet bulb temperature to be 39 ℃, and stably baking for 6h at the dry bulb temperature of 50 ℃ and the wet bulb temperature of 39 ℃ until the bottom layer leaves are completely dry;
and then, raising the temperature of the dry bulb from 50 ℃ to 52 ℃ at the temperature raising speed of 1 ℃/2-3h, controlling the temperature of the wet bulb to be 40 ℃, and baking the leaves for 18h at a stable temperature under the conditions that the temperature of the dry bulb is 52 ℃ and the temperature of the wet bulb is 40 ℃ until the fully-baked leaves are fully dried.
The concrete control conditions of the tendon drying period in the step (6) are as follows:
the first stage is as follows: firstly, heating the dry bulb temperature at the end of the dry tablet period to 60 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/2-3h, controlling the wet bulb temperature to be 41 ℃, and baking for 6h at a stable temperature under the conditions that the dry bulb temperature is 60 ℃ and the wet bulb temperature is 41 ℃ until the main pulse is half-dry;
and a second stage: raising the temperature of the dry bulb from 60 ℃ to 65 ℃ at a temperature raising speed of 1 ℃/2-3h, controlling the temperature of the wet bulb to be 42 ℃, and baking for 12h at a stable temperature under the conditions that the temperature of the dry bulb is 65 ℃ and the temperature of the wet bulb is 42 ℃ until the main vein is left undried by 3-5 cm;
and in the third stage, the temperature of the dry bulb is increased from 65 ℃ to 68 ℃ at the temperature increasing speed of 1 ℃/2-3h, the temperature of the wet bulb is controlled to be 42 ℃, the dry bulb is baked for 12h at the temperature of 68 ℃ and the temperature of the wet bulb is controlled to be 42 ℃ at a stable temperature until the main pulse is completely dry, and the humidity in the stage can not exceed 43 ℃.
The whole baking process in the baking period is controlled by adopting a flue-cured tobacco temperature and humidity intelligent control system.
After baking is finished, the tobacco bulk leaf inserting and skewing air grid filled with the baked tobacco leaves is lifted out of the baking room, then the fixing frame on one side of the tobacco bulk leaf inserting and skewing air grid is taken down, a twine is wound on the periphery of the tobacco leaves on the side in the process of taking the fixing frame, then the tobacco bulk leaf inserting and skewing air grid is toppled towards one side of the taken-down fixing frame, the twine is further wound on the periphery of the tobacco leaves on the other side of the tobacco bulk leaf inserting and skewing air grid, the twine is tightened, namely the whole frame of tobacco leaves is tightened, and finally the bundled tobacco leaves are sent into a warehouse for damp-proof storage.
Example two:
the picked tobacco leaves are packaged and roasted, and the specific operation method of packaging and roasting comprises the following steps:
installing a fixing frame on one side of a tobacco bulk leaf inserting and skewing air grid outside a tobacco loading chamber, then obliquely placing the tobacco bulk leaf inserting and skewing air grid, enabling the fixing frame on the side to lean against a wall, then placing tobacco leaves into the tobacco bulk leaf inserting and skewing air grid in a tidy manner with the leaf tips of the tobacco leaves facing upwards and upside down, stably leaning against the fixing frame during tobacco leaf loading, finishing the tightness of the tobacco leaves and installing the fixing frame on the other side after the tobacco leaves are filled, and then fixing the tobacco leaves by using bamboo sticks; and finally, pushing the tobacco bulk cutting and skewing air grid filled with the tobacco into a tobacco loading chamber of the curing barn by using a bulk cutting and skewing baking upper curing machine, and lifting the tobacco bulk cutting and skewing air grid to a supporting beam in the curing barn.
After being baked, the loose leaves are baked, and because the weather during the baking is sunny and the air humidity is low, the following loose leaf baking process is adopted:
the loose leaf baking process comprises the following baking periods which are sequentially carried out:
(1) in the early stage of yellowing; (2) middle yellowing stage; (3) in the later stage of yellowing; (4) dry tip period; (5) a dry-slice period; (6) and (5) a muscle drying period.
Wherein, the specific control conditions in the early stage of yellowing in the step (1) are controlled as follows:
after ignition of the curing barn, the temperature is raised to 36 ℃ of dry bulb temperature at the heating rate of 1 ℃/h, the temperature of wet bulb is controlled to 36 ℃, and then the baking is carried out for 4h under the conditions that the temperature of dry bulb is 36 ℃ and the temperature of wet bulb is 36 ℃;
then, the temperature of the dry bulb is increased from 36 ℃ to 38 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/2-3h, the temperature of the wet bulb is controlled to be increased from 36 ℃ to 38 ℃, and then the dry bulb is baked for 14h at the temperature of 38 ℃ and 38 ℃ until the leaves are heated; the moisture is not discharged in the early stage of yellowing, the curing barn needs to have good tightness, and the fan is controlled to rotate forwards at a high speed.
The specific control conditions in the middle yellowing stage in the step (2) are as follows: raising the temperature of a dry bulb after the early yellowing stage to 40 ℃ at a heating rate of 1 ℃/1-2h, controlling the temperature of a wet bulb to 40 ℃, controlling a fan to rotate forwards, slowly opening a window, reducing the temperature of the wet bulb from 40 ℃ to 39 ℃ by a small amount of moisture removal, and then stably baking for 14h at the dry bulb temperature of 40 ℃ and the wet bulb temperature of 39 ℃ until the bottom layer tobacco leaves 6-8 become yellow; and slowly opening the window, gradually increasing the moisture discharge amount, reducing the wet bulb temperature from 39 ℃ to 38 ℃, and baking for 14 hours at a stable temperature under the conditions that the dry bulb temperature is 40 ℃ and the wet bulb temperature is 38 ℃ until the tobacco leaves at the bottom layer become yellow 8-9 and the leaf tips are basically laid down.
The specific control conditions in the later yellowing stage in the step (3) are as follows: raising the temperature of the dry bulb after the middle yellowing stage to 42 ℃ at a temperature rise speed of 1 ℃/1-2h, increasing a cold air inlet to reduce the temperature of the wet bulb to 37 ℃, and then stably baking for 24h at the dry bulb temperature of 42 ℃ and the wet bulb temperature of 37 ℃ until the tobacco leaves in the baking room are all yellow and the third layer of tobacco leaves is partially laid down;
and then, at the heating rate of 1 ℃/1-2h, the temperature of the dry bulb is increased from 42 ℃ to 44 ℃, the window is opened to discharge moisture continuously, the temperature of the wet bulb is reduced to 37 ℃, and then the tobacco leaves are baked for 8h at the stable temperature under the conditions that the temperature of the dry bulb is 44 ℃ and the temperature of the wet bulb is 37 ℃ until the fully baked tobacco leaves are laid down.
The specific control conditions of the dry tip period in the step (4) are as follows: raising the temperature of the dry bulb after the later yellowing stage to 46 ℃ at the temperature raising speed of 1 ℃/2-3h, controlling the temperature of the wet bulb to be 39 ℃, and stably baking for 16h at the dry bulb temperature of 46 ℃ and the wet bulb temperature of 39 ℃ until the main vein becomes white, wherein the dry tip of the three-layer tobacco leaves is more than 10 cm.
The specific control conditions in the dry period in the step (5) are as follows: raising the dry bulb temperature at the end of the dry tip period to 50 ℃ at a temperature rise rate of 1 ℃/2-3h, controlling the wet bulb temperature to be 39 ℃, and stably baking for 6h at the dry bulb temperature of 50 ℃ and the wet bulb temperature of 39 ℃ until the bottom layer leaves are completely dry;
and then, raising the temperature of the dry bulb from 50 ℃ to 54 ℃ at the temperature raising speed of 1 ℃/2-3h, controlling the temperature of the wet bulb to be 40 ℃, and stably baking for 12h at the dry bulb temperature of 54 ℃ and the wet bulb temperature of 40 ℃ until the fully baked leaves are fully dried.
The concrete control conditions of the tendon drying period in the step (6) are as follows:
the first stage is as follows: firstly, heating the dry bulb temperature at the end of the dry tablet period to 60 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/2-3h, controlling the wet bulb temperature to be 41 ℃, and baking for 6h at a stable temperature under the conditions that the dry bulb temperature is 60 ℃ and the wet bulb temperature is 41 ℃ until the main pulse is half-dry;
and a second stage: raising the temperature of the dry bulb from 60 ℃ to 65 ℃ at a temperature raising speed of 1 ℃/2-3h, controlling the temperature of the wet bulb to be 42 ℃, and baking for 12h at a stable temperature under the conditions that the temperature of the dry bulb is 65 ℃ and the temperature of the wet bulb is 42 ℃ until the main vein is left undried by 3-5 cm;
and in the third stage, the temperature of the dry bulb is increased from 65 ℃ to 68 ℃ at the temperature increasing speed of 1 ℃/2-3h, the temperature of the wet bulb is controlled to be 42 ℃, the dry bulb is baked for 12h at the temperature of 68 ℃ and the temperature of the wet bulb is controlled to be 42 ℃ at a stable temperature until the main pulse is completely dry, and the humidity in the stage can not exceed 43 ℃.
The whole baking process in the baking period is controlled by adopting a flue-cured tobacco temperature and humidity intelligent control system.
After baking is finished, the tobacco bulk leaf inserting and skewing air grid filled with the baked tobacco leaves is lifted out of the baking room, then the fixing frame on one side of the tobacco bulk leaf inserting and skewing air grid is taken down, a twine is wound on the periphery of the tobacco leaves on the side in the process of taking the fixing frame, then the tobacco bulk leaf inserting and skewing air grid is toppled towards one side of the taken-down fixing frame, the twine is further wound on the periphery of the tobacco leaves on the other side of the tobacco bulk leaf inserting and skewing air grid, the twine is tightened, namely the whole frame of tobacco leaves is tightened, and finally the bundled tobacco leaves are sent into a warehouse for damp-proof storage.
Claims (8)
1. A loose leaf baking process in a southeast tobacco zone is characterized by comprising the following steps: it comprises the following baking periods which are carried out in sequence:
(1) in the early stage of yellowing; (2) middle yellowing stage; (3) in the later stage of yellowing; (4) dry tip period; (5) a dry-slice period; (6) a muscle drying period;
wherein, the specific control conditions in the early stage of yellowing in the step (1) are controlled as follows:
after ignition of the curing barn, the temperature is raised to 36 ℃ of dry bulb temperature at the heating rate of 1 ℃/h, the temperature of wet bulb is controlled to 36 ℃, and then the baking is carried out for 4h under the conditions that the temperature of dry bulb is 36 ℃ and the temperature of wet bulb is 36 ℃;
then, the temperature of the dry bulb is increased from 36 ℃ to 38 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/2-3h, the temperature of the wet bulb is controlled to be increased from 36 ℃ to 38 ℃, and then the dry bulb is baked for 12-14h at the temperature of 38 ℃ and 38 ℃ until the leaves are heated; no humidity is discharged in the early stage of yellowing, the curing barn needs to have good tightness, and the fan is controlled to rotate forwards at a high speed;
the specific control conditions in the later yellowing stage in the step (3) are as follows: raising the dry bulb temperature after the middle yellowing stage to 42 ℃ at a temperature rise speed of 1 ℃/1-2h, increasing a cold air inlet to reduce the wet bulb temperature to 37 ℃ or 36 ℃, and then stably baking for 24-28h at the dry bulb temperature of 42 ℃ and the wet bulb temperature of 37 ℃ or 36 ℃ until the tobacco leaves in the baking room are all yellow and the third layer of tobacco leaves is partially laid down;
and then, at the heating rate of 1 ℃/1-2h, the temperature of the dry bulb is increased from 42 ℃ to 44 ℃, the window is opened continuously for moisture removal, the temperature of the wet bulb is maintained at 37 ℃ or 36 ℃, and then the tobacco leaves are baked at the dry bulb temperature of 44 ℃ and the wet bulb temperature of 37 ℃ or 36 ℃ for 6-8h at a stable temperature until the fully baked tobacco leaves are laid down.
2. The southeast tobacco zone loose leaf baking process according to claim 1, characterized in that: the specific control conditions in the middle yellowing stage in the step (2) are as follows: raising the temperature of a dry bulb after the early yellowing stage to 40 ℃ at a heating rate of 1 ℃/1-2h, controlling the temperature of a wet bulb to be 40 ℃, controlling a fan to rotate forwards, slowly opening a window, reducing the temperature of the wet bulb from 40 ℃ to 39 ℃ by a small amount of moisture removal, and then stably baking for 14-16h at the dry bulb temperature of 40 ℃ and the wet bulb temperature of 39 ℃ until the bottom layer tobacco leaves are yellow 6-8; and slowly opening the window, gradually increasing the moisture removal amount, reducing the wet bulb temperature from 39 ℃ to 38 ℃, and stably baking for 12-14h at the dry bulb temperature of 40 ℃ and the wet bulb temperature of 38 ℃ until the bottom layer tobacco leaves become yellow 8-9 and the leaf tips are basically laid down.
3. The southeast tobacco zone loose leaf baking process according to claim 1, characterized in that: the specific control conditions of the dry tip period in the step (4) are as follows: raising the temperature of the dry bulb after the later yellowing stage to 46-48 ℃ at the temperature raising speed of 1 ℃/2-3h, controlling the temperature of the wet bulb to be 38-39 ℃, and baking the tobacco leaves for 16-20h at a stable temperature under the conditions that the temperature of the dry bulb is 46-48 ℃ and the temperature of the wet bulb is 38-39 ℃ until the main vein becomes white, and the dry tips of the three-layer tobacco leaves are more than 10 cm.
4. The southeast tobacco zone loose leaf baking process according to claim 1, characterized in that: the specific control conditions in the dry period in the step (5) are as follows: raising the dry bulb temperature at the end of the dry tip period to 50 ℃ at a temperature rise rate of 1 ℃/2-3h, controlling the wet bulb temperature to be 39 ℃, and stably baking for 6h at the dry bulb temperature of 50 ℃ and the wet bulb temperature of 39 ℃ until the bottom layer leaves are completely dry;
and then, raising the temperature of the dry bulb from 50 ℃ to 52-54 ℃ at a temperature raising speed of 1 ℃/2-3h, controlling the temperature of the wet bulb to be 40 ℃, and baking the dry bulb at 52-54 ℃ and the temperature of the wet bulb at 40 ℃ for 12-18h at a stable temperature until the fully baked leaves are fully dried.
5. The southeast tobacco zone loose leaf baking process according to claim 1, characterized in that: the concrete control conditions of the tendon drying period in the step (6) are as follows:
the first stage is as follows: firstly, heating the dry bulb temperature at the end of the dry tablet period to 60 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/2-3h, controlling the wet bulb temperature to be 41 ℃, and baking for 6h at a stable temperature under the conditions that the dry bulb temperature is 60 ℃ and the wet bulb temperature is 41 ℃ until the main pulse is half-dry;
and a second stage: raising the temperature of the dry bulb from 60 ℃ to 65 ℃ at a temperature raising speed of 1 ℃/2-3h, controlling the temperature of the wet bulb to be 42 ℃, and baking for 12h at a stable temperature under the conditions that the temperature of the dry bulb is 65 ℃ and the temperature of the wet bulb is 42 ℃ until the main vein is left undried by 3-5 cm;
and in the third stage, the temperature of the dry bulb is increased from 65 ℃ to 68 ℃ at the temperature increasing speed of 1 ℃/2-3h, the temperature of the wet bulb is controlled to be 42 ℃, the dry bulb is baked for 12h at the temperature of 68 ℃ and the temperature of the wet bulb is controlled to be 42 ℃ at a stable temperature until the main pulse is completely dry, and the humidity in the stage can not exceed 43 ℃.
6. The southeast tobacco zone loose leaf baking process according to claim 1, characterized in that: the whole baking process in the baking period is controlled by adopting a flue-cured tobacco temperature and humidity intelligent control system.
7. The southeast tobacco zone loose leaf baking process according to claim 1, characterized in that: it also includes the baking process before baking period; the specific operation method of the baking process comprises the following steps: installing a fixing frame on one side of the tobacco loose-leaf inserting and skewing air grid, then obliquely placing the tobacco loose-leaf inserting and skewing air grid, enabling the fixing frame on the side to lean against a wall, then turning up and upside down the leaf tips of tobacco leaves and neatly loading the tobacco leaves into the tobacco loose-leaf inserting and skewing air grid, stably leaning the tobacco leaves placed into the tobacco loose-leaf inserting and skewing air grid against the fixing frame of the tobacco loose-leaf inserting and skewing air grid in the tobacco leaf loading process, finishing the tobacco leaves after the tobacco leaves are filled, installing the fixing frame on the other side, and then fixing the tobacco leaves by using bamboo sticks; and finally, lifting the tobacco loose-leaf cutting air grid filled with the tobacco to a supporting beam in a curing barn by using a loose-leaf cutting curing upper curing machine.
8. The southeast tobacco zone loose leaf baking process according to claim 1, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps of lifting the tobacco bulk leaf inserting and skewing air grid filled with the cured tobacco leaves out of a curing barn, then taking down a fixing frame on one side of the tobacco bulk leaf inserting and skewing air grid, winding a binding rope on the periphery of the tobacco leaves on the side in the process of taking the fixing frame, then dumping the tobacco bulk leaf inserting and skewing air grid towards one side of the taking-down fixing frame, further winding the binding rope on the periphery of the tobacco leaves on the other side of the tobacco bulk leaf inserting and skewing air grid, binding the whole frame of tobacco leaves tightly, and finally sending the bound tobacco leaves into a warehouse for moisture-proof storage.
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| RU2461329C2 (en) * | 2010-06-11 | 2012-09-20 | Государственное научное учреждение Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт табака, махорки и табачных изделий Российской академии сельскохозяйственных наук (ГНУ ВНИИТТИ Россельхозакадемии) | Method for tobacco drying in dense mass |
| CN102138699A (en) * | 2011-03-18 | 2011-08-03 | 中国农业科学院烟草研究所 | Bulk curing process for cured tobacco K326 |
| CN103564635B (en) * | 2013-11-07 | 2015-05-20 | 河南农业大学 | Baking process of comb-type tobacco clamps |
| CN103689782B (en) * | 2014-01-08 | 2015-06-10 | 四川省烟草公司泸州市公司 | Roasting method of high-temperature droughty unripe tobacco leaves |
| CN103829363B (en) * | 2014-02-26 | 2015-08-12 | 中国农业科学院烟草研究所 | A kind of flue-cured bulk curing barn cigarette that falls apart piles up the slow baking curing process of low humidity |
| CN104687231A (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-06-10 | 贵州省烟草公司遵义市公司正安县分公司 | Flue-cured tobacco loose-leaf bundling and curing method |
| CN104720091B (en) * | 2015-02-09 | 2016-05-11 | 南平市烟草公司武夷山分公司 | A kind of baking method of light green tobacco leaf |
| CN104770847B (en) * | 2015-02-16 | 2017-01-11 | 贵州省烟草公司毕节市公司 | Two-quick-step and one-slow-step loose-leaf curing method for flue-cured tobacco |
| CN204540794U (en) * | 2015-04-03 | 2015-08-12 | 南平市烟草公司建阳分公司 | The novel tobacco leaf that falls apart is inserted skewer and is divided air grid |
| CN105192873A (en) * | 2015-11-05 | 2015-12-30 | 贵州省烟草科学研究院 | Outdoor tobacco loading method based on bulk curing of loose leaves fixed through inserted pins |
| CN105212255A (en) * | 2015-11-10 | 2016-01-06 | 贵州省烟草科学研究院 | A kind of baking of flue-cured tobacco technique of effective reduction tobacco leaf dust |
| CN106174677A (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2016-12-07 | 江西省烟草公司赣州市公司 | One shows delicate fragrance type characteristic tobacco baking method |
| CN106387976B (en) * | 2016-11-02 | 2018-06-12 | 西昌学院 | Fragrant baking process is baked in a kind of safflower mammoth gold tobacco leaves barn scalding |
| CN107594607B (en) * | 2017-11-17 | 2019-11-12 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | A kind of flue-cured tobacco dense drying method that steady temperature drop is wet |
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