CN108444240B - Intelligent combined crop airing device and control method thereof - Google Patents
Intelligent combined crop airing device and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108444240B CN108444240B CN201810683250.8A CN201810683250A CN108444240B CN 108444240 B CN108444240 B CN 108444240B CN 201810683250 A CN201810683250 A CN 201810683250A CN 108444240 B CN108444240 B CN 108444240B
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B9/00—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects at rest or with only local agitation; Domestic airing cupboards
- F26B9/10—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects at rest or with only local agitation; Domestic airing cupboards in the open air; in pans or tables in rooms; Drying stacks of loose material on floors which may be covered, e.g. by a roof
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
- F26B21/06—Controlling, e.g. regulating, parameters of gas supply
- F26B21/12—Velocity of flow; Quantity of flow, e.g. by varying fan speed, by modifying cross flow area
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
- F26B25/001—Handling, e.g. loading or unloading arrangements
Abstract
The invention discloses an intelligent combined crop airing device, which comprises: a blower including a first air outlet; the drying box comprises a first air inlet and a plurality of second air outlets, and the first air inlet is communicated with the first air outlets; the plurality of sealing pipelines comprise a second air inlet and a third air outlet, and the second air inlet is communicated with the second air outlet; the ventilation box is a hollow box body and is provided with a plurality of third air inlets which are respectively communicated with the third air outlets; wherein, the upper part and the lower part of the ventilation box are both ventilation board structures; and the support can be used for fixedly installing a plurality of layers of ventilation boxes in parallel. The invention also discloses a control method of the intelligent combined crop airing device.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of crop drying, in particular to an intelligent combined crop airing device and a control method thereof.
Background
The Chinese is a large grain country in the world, more than twenty percent of population is lived by seven percent of cultivated land, and the vogue pen is buried for the grain base of the Chinese. The huge grain yield solves the temperature saturation problem of people, but also brings the problem of dry storage of crops. With the progress of technology, practical technology is increasingly applied. At present, the drying technology is accepted in the market, the drying concept is promoted in a large area, the selection of single drying equipment is mature, the reliability of continuous operation of system equipment is greatly improved, the local links of the control of the drying system realize the automatic control of different degrees, but the control of the whole drying system cannot realize the intellectualization yet. In terms of the grain drying and storage industry in China, under the continuous effort of technicians, grain drying equipment is improved over the sky, the original energy is developed to the current good use, and the miniaturization, modularization and intellectualization are gradually advanced.
Drying and storage of crops has long been a difficult problem around farmers. The area required by normal airing and air drying of crops is large, the average occupied area in China is small, the two areas form outstanding contradictions, the investment in the aspect of grain storage in the infrastructure of farms in partial rural areas is less, and once the grains are backlogged, larger loss is caused. The grain drying equipment adopting the heat pump drying technology is more common in the existing market and can be divided into cross flow, mixed flow, concurrent flow, countercurrent and concurrent flow, mixed countercurrent and concurrent mixed flow. The equipment is huge, the purchase and maintenance costs are high, and the huge costs are not borne by general farmers. Most of grain drying equipment of the models is complex in structure, high in manufacturing cost and difficult to maintain, frequent cleaning and maintenance are needed, economic loss is caused once damage occurs, grains cannot be stored in the existing drying equipment, and the grain drying equipment is transferred to a granary after drying, so that cost is increased. Meanwhile, most of the prior drying equipment adopts hot air for high-temperature drying, and if the equipment is not maintained in place, loopholes appear, dangers can be caused. It is difficult to ensure the safety of the operator. The existing drying equipment can only dry grain crops such as rice, wheat and corn, but cannot dry other economic crops, so that certain resources are wasted.
The existing crop drying equipment not only occupies a large area, has lower energy utilization efficiency and higher cost, but also is not suitable for small farmers, so that the miniaturization and the intellectualization of the intelligent combined crop drying device are imperative. In order to meet the requirements of small occupied area, high energy utilization efficiency and multiple purposes in the market, an intelligent combined crop airing device is researched. By adopting automatic control, the non-uniformity of the moisture of the grain after drying is small, and local heating does not occur in the storage process; the technological process is shortened, and the breakage rate is reduced. The quality of the dried crops is guaranteed.
The intelligent combined crop airing device can not only dry crops, but also store the crops, so that the process of transferring the crops to a granary is reduced, and the cost is reduced. The existing drying equipment can only dry grain crops such as rice, wheat and corn, can not dry other cash crops such as agaric, the existing storage modes of the agaric are two, namely, freezing storage, natural drying, slow natural drying rate and difficult control of drying degree, and many black-heart merchants add chemical agents, so that consumers are not responsible. The intelligent combined crop airing device can dry the edible fungi by using dry high-pressure air, so that the natural drying rate of the edible fungi is accelerated, the nutrition of the edible fungi is not influenced, and pollution-free treatment is realized. The intelligent crop storage machine is assembled in a modularized mode, and can be assembled according to the needs of users, resources are reasonably utilized, and waste of the resources is avoided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention designs and develops an intelligent combined crop airing device, and aims to solve the problems of large occupied area of grain drying equipment, difficult maintenance of the whole machine and uneven drying caused by too thick grain layers in the prior art.
The second purpose of the invention is to solve the problem of the prior art that the ventilation holes and the ventilation quantity of the ventilation box are adjusted.
The invention designs and develops a control method of an intelligent combined crop airing device, and aims to effectively regulate the air inlet of a ventilation box.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
an intelligent combined crop airing device, comprising:
a blower including a first air outlet;
the drying box comprises a first air inlet and a plurality of second air outlets, and the first air inlet is communicated with the first air outlets;
the plurality of sealing pipelines comprise a second air inlet and a third air outlet, and the second air inlet is communicated with the second air outlet;
the ventilation box is a hollow box body and is provided with a plurality of third air inlets which are respectively communicated with the third air outlets;
wherein, the upper part and the lower part of the ventilation box are both ventilation board structures;
and the support can be used for fixedly installing a plurality of layers of ventilation boxes in parallel.
Preferably, a regulating valve is arranged at the second air inlet of the sealing pipeline and is used for regulating the ventilation quantity in the sealing pipeline.
Preferably, the bottom of the bracket is detachably provided with a plurality of bases.
Preferably, the method further comprises: a screw rod;
the screw locking mechanism is fixedly arranged on two sides of the ventilating plate, is matched with the screw and can slide relative to the screw.
Preferably, connecting rings are arranged on two sides of the ventilating plate of the ventilating box.
Preferably, a plurality of rotating discs are arranged on the ventilation plate, and a plurality of through holes and sliding blocks with different sizes are arranged on the rotating discs;
when the rotating disk is rotated using the slider, variations in different vents on the ventilation board can be achieved.
Preferably, the method further comprises:
a temperature sensor mounted on the bracket for monitoring an ambient temperature;
a humidity sensor mounted on the bracket for monitoring ambient humidity;
a rotational speed sensor for monitoring the blower rotational speed;
the weight sensors are respectively arranged on the ventilating plates corresponding to the third air inlets and used for monitoring the quality of crops to be dried on the ventilating plates corresponding to the third air inlets;
and the controller is used for simultaneously electrically connecting the temperature sensor, the humidity sensor, the weight sensor, the rotating speed sensor and the regulating valve.
A control method of an intelligent combined crop airing device, wherein the airing device is used, and the opening beta of the regulating valve is
Wherein f (m) = -2 x 10 -5 m 2 +0.002m+0.03; wherein m is the weight of the crop to be dried, beta max For regulating the maximum opening of the valve, T is the ambient temperature, T' is the drying temperature of the crop to be dried, T 0 For empirically correcting temperature, RH is ambient humidity, RH' is the dry humidity of the crop to be dried, RH 0 For the empirical correction of humidity, n is the blower speed, δ is the correction factor, γ is the empirical factor, and a is the empirical constant.
Preferably, the initial rotational speed n of the blower 0 The control is performed according to the following control procedure:
wherein n is max Is the maximum rotation speed of the blower, T is the ambient temperature, T 0 To empirically correct temperature, RH is ambient humidity, RH 0 Humidity was corrected for experience.
Preferably, the correction coefficient δ is 3.57, the empirical coefficient γ is 0.006, and the empirical constant a is 3.33.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. in order to realize the lift of whole ventilating board, use accurate lead screw structure, realize the accurate grasp to the position, self-locking structure and support hook structure make whole ventilating board can be firm stop in current position, make ventilating board and ventilation duct's connection better, use adjustable vent, the diameter of vent can change to can deposit different kinds of crops, splice monoblock ventilating board piecemeal, realize the modularization of function and structure, the application of informationization system makes its degree of automation show and improves. Natural wind drying is adopted, so that energy consumption is reduced, and the call of national energy conservation and emission reduction is responded;
2. the intelligent combined crop airing device has the advantages that the intelligent combined crop airing device has a simple structure, is convenient to maintain and replace, reduces the overall price of one machine, and allows small farmers to bear the cost; the modularized design enhances the reliability, and the modularized design can enable the intelligent crop drying and storing machine with different types and sizes to be assembled according to the production of local conditions, so that the intelligent crop drying and storing machine is suitable for drying and storing small households of farmers, drying and storing large warehouses, and meanwhile, the design of the variable diameter of the ventilation holes enables the intelligent crop drying and storing machine to be used for drying various crops, and the drying and storing machine is combined together, so that the intelligent combined crop drying and storing device is multipurpose, adopts high-pressure natural wind, does not generate pollution, and does not have any damage or harmful substances to the crops;
3. according to the invention, the opening of the regulating valve and the initial rotating speed of the air blower are regulated and controlled, so that the air inlet quantity in the ventilating box is controlled, and the crops are dried better.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a drying device according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a blower according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the drying oven according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a sealed pipeline according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the regulating valve according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of the ventilation box according to the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of a ventilation board according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention by referring to the description.
After the field investigation, the efficiency of the existing grain drying equipment is high, the occupied area is large, the equipment is not easy to maintain and expensive, the defects of a certain degree of risk and the like are analyzed, the research and development direction of the novel machine and the problem to be solved are determined, the existing development direction is followed, the function of the novel design is better realized, and the ideas of modularization, informatization, mechanism simplification and the like are implemented all the time in the design and research and development.
As shown in fig. 1 to 6, the present invention provides an intelligent combined type crop airing device, the main structure of which comprises a blower 110, a drying box 120, a plurality of sealing pipes 130, a ventilation box 140 and a bracket 210; the blower 110 includes a first air outlet 310, the drying box 120 includes a first air inlet 320 and a plurality of second air outlets 330, the first air inlet 320 is communicated with the first air outlet 310, the plurality of sealed pipelines include a second air inlet 340 and a third air outlet 350, the second air inlet 340 is communicated with the second air outlet 330, the ventilation box 140 is a hollow box body, the ventilation box 140 has a plurality of third air inlets 360 which are respectively communicated with the third air outlet 350, the upper part and the lower part of the ventilation box 140 are all ventilation plates 141, and the multi-layer ventilation box 140 can be fixedly installed on the bracket 210 in parallel; in this embodiment, the modular design of the ventilation board 141 allows for easy replacement of the ventilation board 141 and the modular functioning avoids downtime of the system as a whole, affecting storage and drying of the crop.
Because the floor areas of various warehouses are different and the drying and storage integration cannot be achieved, the lattice type single ventilating plate 141 is adopted in the invention, the modular ventilating plate 141 has the greatest advantages of being capable of being assembled randomly, and being combined into drying equipment with different volumes according to the size of the floor areas, so that the structure and the function are modularized, single part damage can not occur, the whole downtime is light, the splicing is very simple, which piece can not be directly replaced in normal work, and the maintenance can be achieved without too special knowledge.
As shown in fig. 2, in the present embodiment, the drying air of the intelligent combined crop airing device is derived from the high-pressure blower 110, which occupies a small area and is a wind source providing strong wind, and is relatively inexpensive in price.
As shown in fig. 3, the strong wind from the high pressure blower 110 first enters the drying box 120, and the drying box 120 is provided with a plurality of layers of drying nets, so that the air from the high pressure blower can be dried.
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, air enters the sealed pipeline 130 after passing through the drying box, a regulating valve 131 is arranged at a second air inlet 340 of the sealed pipeline 130 and is used for regulating ventilation quantity in the sealed pipeline 130, the regulating valve 131 can receive relevant information of crops from sensors of the ventilation box 140 and the ventilation plate 141, a device for receiving signals is arranged at the top end of the regulating valve 131, and after the signals are received, the angle is changed by the cooperation of a motor at the top end of the regulating valve 131 and a worm gear, so that the entering air quantity is controlled, and energy is saved.
As shown in fig. 6 and 7, strong wind after drying enters the ventilation box 140 under the ventilation board 141 after passing through the sealing pipeline 130, and reaches the crops through the ventilation holes to dry the crops, the ventilation box 140 is formed by splicing a plurality of single-type spliced ventilation boards 141, the number of spliced blocks can be determined according to the size of the field, the structure realizes the modularization treatment of the structure, the size of the ventilation holes is adjustable, and the crops with different sizes can be dried.
As the hot air and centralized treatment mechanism of the existing grain drying equipment can only dry grain crops, but cannot dry cash crops such as agaric, the grain drying equipment has no multiple purposes, and is related to the setting of the aperture of a reference microscope, the vent hole is designed as an adjustable vent hole device, so that one machine has multiple purposes; therefore, as one preference, in the present embodiment, a plurality of rotary disks 142 are provided on the ventilation board 141, and a plurality of through holes 143 and sliders 144 of different sizes are provided on the rotary disks 142; when the slider 144 is used to rotate the rotating disk 142, the change of different ventilation holes on the ventilation board 141 can be realized, the storage machine can dry various crops through the design of the adjustable ventilation holes, such as agaric can be dried when the ventilation hole diameter is maximum, rice, wheat and the like can be dried when the ventilation hole diameter is minimum, and other ventilation holes with other sizes are used for drying other crops.
In another embodiment, the bottom of the stand 210 is detachably provided with a plurality of bases 220 for supporting the stand 210.
Because the thickness of the grain layer of the existing drying equipment can only be dried from outside to inside, the drying rate is inconsistent everywhere, so that some crops can be dried and can be transported to a warehouse, and resources are wasted as a result of not being dried; the grain layer is too thick to cause resource waste, so that the grain layer can be thinned, but the occupied area is increased after thinning, layering is needed, a layered structure is designed, crops are dried layer by layer, the crops are required to be sent to a certain height after layering, a screw rod structure is adopted in the invention, the lifting of each layer of ventilation plate 141 needs the cooperation of a screw rod lifter, the screw rod lifter can accurately lift each layer of ventilation plate 141 to a certain position and is in precise butt joint with a sealing pipeline 130, the tightness of the whole pipeline system is ensured, the self-locking structure can enable each layer of ventilation plate 141 to be firmly at the corresponding position, double insurance is designed at the same time, and if the self-locking structure fails, a supporting and hanging structure can be used; therefore, as a preference, in this embodiment, the structure of the intelligent combined crop airing device further comprises a self-locking screw lifter, including a screw 230 and a screw locking mechanism 231, where the screw locking mechanism 231 is fixedly installed on two sides of the ventilation board 141 and is matched with the screw 230, and can slide relative to the screw 230, and the two sides of the ventilation board 141 of the ventilation box 140 are provided with connecting rings 145, so as to realize lifting of the whole ventilation board 141, and to use a precise screw structure, realize accurate grasping of the position, and the self-locking structure and the connecting rings 145 enable the whole ventilation board 141 to stably stay at the current position, so that the ventilation board 141 is better connected with the ventilation box 140.
After the dried crops are placed on the ventilation plate 141, the crops need to be lifted to a certain height and are butted with the ventilation box 140, and the screw rod lifter is realized in the process, so that the screw rod lifter has the advantages of simple structure, convenience in processing, low manufacturing cost, self-locking function, high precision, good system rigidity, reversibility in movement and long service life.
In another embodiment, an automatic control system and an information system are additionally arranged on the basis of the mechanisms, the conditions of temperature, humidity and the like of crops to be dried are correspondingly collected through sensors and then summarized, and then the system sends out instructions to adjust the rotation angle of a throttle valve and control the whole air quantity entering, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: a temperature sensor mounted on the bracket 210 for monitoring an ambient temperature; a humidity sensor mounted on the bracket 210 for monitoring the ambient humidity; a rotation speed sensor for monitoring a rotation speed of the blower 110; the weight sensors are respectively arranged on the ventilating plates corresponding to the third air inlets 360 and are used for monitoring the quality of crops to be dried on the ventilating plates corresponding to the third air inlets 360; the controller is simultaneously electrically connected with a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a weight sensor, a rotating speed sensor and a regulating valve 131; by measuring the humidity of crops, adjusting the size of the ventilation holes, reducing the air quantity at the dry position, increasing the air quantity at the position with larger humidity, making more reasonable use of resources, and finally combining the structure with an information system to complete the assembled effect diagram, as shown in figure 1.
In another embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, 3 and 6, the drying box 120 is provided with six second air outlets 330, the ventilation box 140 is provided with three third air inlets 360, and the two layers of drying boxes 140 are arranged on the support 210.
In the implementation process, the invention adopts a tiled type, adopts a single-layer ventilation box, does not need a screw rod device, has large occupied area, is simple to operate, and is convenient to load and unload materials.
The other is three-dimensional, adopts the multilayer ventilation case, needs screw device to go up and down the ventilation case, and during the during operation, goes up the material, begins to go up the material from the top layer, and initial state is that there is not the space between every layer of ventilation case, and after the material was gone up to the top layer, start the lead screw and push the top layer to the top, then put the material on the second layer above, later start the lead screw again and push the second time to the fixed position department locking of top layer, and the material loading of all layers is accomplished at last to this kind of analogy. The discharging sequence is just opposite to the feeding sequence.
The invention also provides a control method of the intelligent combined crop airing device, which is used for adjusting the opening of the regulating valve, wherein the opening beta of the regulating valve is as follows
Wherein f (m) = -2 x 10 -5 m 2 +0.002m+0.03; wherein m is the weight of the crop to be dried, the unit is kg, beta max For maximum opening of the regulating valve, T is the ambient temperature, the unit is the temperature of the crop to be dried, T' is the drying temperature of the crop to be dried, the unit is the temperature of the crop to be dried, T 0 The temperature is empirically corrected, the unit is the temperature, RH is the ambient humidity, RH' is the drying humidity of crops to be dried, RH 0 The humidity is corrected empirically, n is the blower speed, r/min, delta is the correction coefficient, min/r, gamma is the empirical coefficient, and A is the empirical constant.
In another embodiment, the initial rotational speed n of the blower 0 The control is performed according to the following control procedure:
wherein n is max The maximum rotation speed of the blower is expressed in r/min, T is the ambient temperature, and T is expressed in DEG C 0 The temperature is empirically corrected in degrees Celsius, RH is ambient humidity in degrees RH 0 For the empirical correction of humidity, the units are%.
In another embodiment, the correction factor δ is 3.57, the empirical factor γ is 0.006, and the empirical constant a is 3.33.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above, it is not limited to the details and embodiments shown and described, it is well suited to various fields of use for which the invention would be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and accordingly, the invention is not limited to the specific details and illustrations shown and described herein, without departing from the general concepts defined in the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (7)
1. An intelligent combined crop airing device, which is characterized by comprising:
a blower including a first air outlet;
the drying box comprises a first air inlet and a plurality of second air outlets, and the first air inlet is communicated with the first air outlets;
the plurality of sealing pipelines comprise a second air inlet and a third air outlet, and the second air inlet is communicated with the second air outlet;
the ventilation box is a hollow box body and is provided with a plurality of third air inlets which are respectively communicated with the third air outlets;
wherein, the upper part and the lower part of the ventilation box are both ventilation board structures;
the support can be used for fixedly installing a plurality of layers of ventilation boxes in parallel;
a regulating valve is arranged at the second air inlet of the sealing pipeline and is used for regulating the ventilation quantity in the sealing pipeline;
a temperature sensor mounted on the bracket for monitoring an ambient temperature;
a humidity sensor mounted on the bracket for monitoring ambient humidity;
a rotational speed sensor for monitoring the blower rotational speed;
the weight sensors are respectively arranged on the ventilating plates corresponding to the third air inlets and used for monitoring the quality of crops to be dried on the ventilating plates corresponding to the third air inlets;
a controller that simultaneously electrically connects the temperature sensor, the humidity sensor, the weight sensor, the rotation speed sensor, and the regulating valve;
the opening beta of the regulating valve is
，
Wherein f (m) = -2 x 10 -5 m 2 +0.002m+0.03; wherein m is to be treatedDry crop weight, beta max For regulating the maximum opening of the valve, T is the ambient temperature, T' is the drying temperature of the crop to be dried, T 0 For empirically correcting temperature, RH is ambient humidity, RH' is the dry humidity of the crop to be dried, RH 0 For the empirical correction of humidity, n is the blower speed, δ is the correction factor, γ is the empirical factor, and a is the empirical constant.
2. The intelligent modular crop drying apparatus of claim 1, wherein the bottom of the stand is removably mounted with a plurality of bases.
3. The intelligent combined crop airing apparatus as claimed in claim 2, further comprising:
a screw rod;
the screw locking mechanism is fixedly arranged on two sides of the ventilating plate, is matched with the screw and can slide relative to the screw.
4. The intelligent combined crop airing device according to claim 3, wherein connecting rings are arranged on two sides of the ventilating plate of the ventilating box.
5. The intelligent combined crop airing device according to claim 4, wherein a plurality of rotating discs are arranged on the ventilating plate, and a plurality of through holes and sliding blocks with different sizes are arranged on the rotating discs;
when the rotating disk is rotated using the slider, variations in different vents on the ventilation board can be achieved.
6. The intelligent combined crop airing apparatus according to claim 5 wherein the initial rotational speed n of the blower 0 The control is performed according to the following control procedure:
，
wherein n is max Is the maximum rotation speed of the blower, T is the ambient temperature, T 0 To empirically correct temperature, RH is ambient humidity, RH 0 Humidity was corrected for experience.
7. The intelligent combined crop airing apparatus as claimed in claim 6, wherein the correction coefficient δ is 3.57, the empirical coefficient γ is 0.006, and the empirical constant a is 3.33.
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| CN111351331B (en) * | 2020-03-13 | 2022-02-18 | 安徽弘腾药业有限公司 | Drying device is used in herbal pieces-production and processing |
| CN114608268A (en) * | 2022-03-31 | 2022-06-10 | 河南中烟工业有限责任公司 | Hot air quantity uniform adjusting device for end face of fluidized bed groove body |
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