CN108440986A - 近红外第二窗口激发/发射的荧光染料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
近红外第二窗口激发/发射的荧光染料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于生物材料技术领域,具体为近红外第二窗口激发和发射的有机小分子荧光染料及其制备方法和应用。本发明荧光染料包括:有机小分子七甲川菁染料荧光染料的合成过程以及与血浆蛋白例如胎牛血清(FBS)形成复合物的制备方法。在加热条件下,此类小分子易于进入FBS的疏水空腔内形成复合物,单体比例增多同时其分子刚性结构增大,使其荧光量子产率得到大幅提高。此复合物可以实现对小鼠腿部,腹部及脑部血管的成像。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物材料技术领域,具体涉及一种七甲川菁荧光染料及其合成方法,以及该染料作为探针在血管造影剂中的应用。
背景技术
目前常见的分子影像技术如X-射线,断层扫描成像(CT),磁共振成像(MRI)和超声成像(US)被用于对疾病等的医疗诊断,但这些方法具有较差的空间分辨率及其无法实现动态实时监测等缺点。荧光成像由于实时、非侵入性、所需样品量少、高分辨率等优点,在生命科学和生物技术领域等领域已经被广泛使用,尤其是有生物组织的荧光成像。在过去几年里,研究者们致力于研究近红外第一窗口(700nm~900nm)的荧光成像,但是由于生物组织在这个波段范围内有很强的吸收和散射,致使其信噪比和组织穿透深度都比较低。因此,近期的一些研究工作主要集中在近红外第二窗口的光(1000nm~1700nm),在这个波段,生物组织自身的吸收和散射弱,这样就可以极大地提高成像质量和穿透深度。所以,急需开发激发波长和发射波长都位于近红外第二窗口的染料用于生物成像。目前,一些无机材料如稀土下转换纳米颗粒,碳纳米管,量子点能够实现近红外第二窗口区的发射,但是它们的发射波长都位于近红外第一窗口内,同时含有重金属元素具有潜在的生物毒性,进入活体后代谢缓慢,且在水中溶解性差,这大大限制了它们的应用价值。
近年来,相对于无机材料,有机荧光染料引起了广泛的关注,这是由于有机染料具有相对分子量较小,易于代谢,同时也可以实现近红外第二窗口区的发射。例如,H.Dai课题组开发了基于D-A-D结构的有机小分子CH1055,具有较好的水溶性,较快的代谢速率,同时在808nm激发下可发射出1055nm近红外第二窗口区的荧光,实现了对肿瘤等的成像。但此类分子具有较低的荧光量子产率和摩尔消光系数,同时激发波长位于近红外第一窗口区等缺点。一般七甲川菁类荧光染料例如吲哚菁绿(ICG)具有较大的摩尔消光系数,较高的荧光量子产率等优点,在蛋白标记,离子中性小分子识别,细胞及活体组织成像等方面得到了很广泛的应用。到目前为止,还未报道能实现激发和发射都在近红外第二窗口区的七甲川菁染料,并实现对小鼠腿部,腹部及脑部血管成像。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种制备工艺简单、水溶性好、生物相容性好,光稳定性高的近红外第二窗口激发和发射的有机小分子荧光染料及其制备方法和应用;该有机小分子荧光染料为有机小分子七甲川菁荧光染料,记为荧光探针FD-1080,其能与血浆蛋白形成复合物。
本发明所提供近红外第二窗口激发和发射的有机小分子荧光染料,化合物结构式如下:
本发明所提出的有机小分子荧光染料FD-1080的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
(1)化合物1的合成
称取1,8-萘内酰亚胺与氢氧化钾溶于N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮溶液中,在室温下搅拌20~40min,随后加入1,4-丁磺酸内酯,温度升至90℃,反应8~12h,冷却至室温后加入丙酮,可得沉淀,过滤得化合物1,其中1,8-萘内酰亚胺、1,4-丁磺酸内酯与氢氧化钠投料摩尔比为1:1.1:2~1:1.5:3;
(2)化合物2的合成
称取化合物1与四丁基氯化铵溶于乙酸中,在温度90℃条件下反应0.5~1h,冷却至室温,加入乙酸乙酯,过滤,旋干得黄色油状液体,即化合物2,其中化合物1与四丁基氯化铵投料摩尔比为1:1~1:2;
(3)化合物3的合成
称取化合物2溶于无水四氢呋喃中,在氮气保护下,加入甲基氯化镁,在温度60℃条件下反应0.5~2h,随后加入稀盐酸,生成沉淀,过滤得化合物3,其中化合物2与甲基氯化镁投料摩尔比为1:3~1:5;
(4)荧光探针的合成
称取化合物3与2-氯-1-甲酰基-3-羟亚甲基环己烯(3a)及乙酸钠溶于乙酸酐中,在室温下反应1~3h,旋干,通过柱层析分离得黑色固体即荧光染料,其中化合物3、甲基氯化镁与乙酸钠投料摩尔比为2:1:2~3:1:3;
本发明制备得到荧光染料为七甲川菁荧光染料,记为荧光探针FD-1080,其能与血浆蛋白形成复合物,具体步骤如下:
配置荧光染料FD-1080与二甲基亚砜的混合溶液,使其浓度为10-2~10-3mol/L,加入到胎牛血清(FBS)溶液中,在40℃条件下孵育90~150min,使其每100μL FBS溶液含有5~8μg染料。
该复合物(FD-1080-FBS)可作为血管造影剂,实现对小鼠腿部,腹部及脑部血管成像。
本发明中,七甲川菁荧光探针FD-1080与胎牛血清形成的复合物(FD-1080-FBS),在磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,最大吸收峰位于1046nm处,用1064nm的激光器激发,能够观察到1080nm处的荧光发射峰(图1)。
本发明中,七甲川菁荧光探针FD-1080与胎牛血清形成的复合物(FD-1080-FBS),在磷酸盐缓冲溶液中的荧光量子产率为5.94%。
本发明中,七甲川菁荧光探针FD-1080,在二甲亚砜(DMSO)溶液中,最大吸收峰位于1043nm处,1089nm处的荧光发射峰。
本发明中,七甲川菁荧光探针FD-1080,在二甲亚砜(DMSO)溶液中的荧光量子产率为0.44%。
附图说明
图1为1064nm近红外第二窗口激发,七甲川菁荧光探针FD-1080与胎牛血清形成的复合物(FD-1080-FBS)的吸收和荧光发射谱图。
图2为1064nm近红外第二窗口激发,七甲川菁荧光探针FD-1080与胎牛血清形成的复合物(FD-1080-FBS)在纯水,磷酸盐(PBS)缓冲液,裸鼠血液及血清中的光稳定性光谱图。
图3为1064nm近红外第二窗口激发,七甲川菁荧光探针FD-1080与胎牛血清形成的复合物(FD-1080-FBS)对小鼠腿部血管成像。
图4为1064nm近红外第二窗口激发,七甲川菁荧光探针FD-1080与胎牛血清形成的复合物(FD-1080-FBS)对小鼠腹部血管成像。
图5为1064nm近红外第二窗口激发,七甲川菁荧光探针FD-1080与胎牛血清形成的复合物(FD-1080-FBS)对小鼠脑部血管成像。
具体实施方式
实施例1:
七甲川菁荧光探针FD-1080的制备。具体步骤如下:
(1)化合物1的合成
称取1,8-萘内酰亚胺(0.85g,5mmol)与氢氧化钾(0.56g,10mmol)溶于10mL N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮溶液中,室温搅拌30min,随后加入1,4-丁磺酸内酯(0.75g,5.5mmol),温度升至90℃,反应10h,冷却至室温后加入丙酮,可得沉淀,过滤得化合物1(1.65g,96%)。
(2)化合物2的合成
称取化合物1(1.50g,5mmol)与四丁基氯化铵(1.51g,5.5mmol)溶于8mL乙酸中,90℃条件下反应0.5h,冷却至室温加入乙酸乙酯,过滤,旋干得黄色油状液体,即化合物2(2.5g,94%)。
(3)化合物3的合成
称取化合物2(2.73g,5mmol)溶于20mL无水四氢呋喃(THF)中,在氮气保护下,加入甲基氯化镁(3.0M的THF),7.5mL,22.5mmol),60℃反应1h,随后加入稀盐酸,生成沉淀,过滤得化合物3(2.58g,85%).。
(4)七甲川菁荧光探针FD-1080的合成
称取化合物3(606mg,2mmol),与2-氯-1-甲酰基-3-羟亚甲基环己烯(3a)(360mg,1mmol)及乙酸钠(164mg,2mmol)溶于40mL乙酸酐中,室温反应2h,旋干,通过柱层析分离得黑色固体即化合物FD-1080(612mg,81%)。
实施例2:
七甲川菁荧光探针FD-1080与血浆蛋白形成复合物的制备方法,以胎牛血清为例。具体步骤如下:
配置染料FD-1080的二甲基亚砜溶液,使其浓度为10-3mol/L,取40μL加入到500μL胎牛血清(FBS)溶液中,在40℃条件下孵育110min。
应用例:
七甲川菁荧光探针FD-1080与胎牛血清形成的复合物(FD-1080-FBS)对小鼠腿部血管成像。具体步骤如下:
将麻醉的小鼠尾静脉注射200μL浓度为80μM的复合物,用1064nm外置激光器照射小鼠左腿,激光器功率密度为40mW/cm2(参见图3)。
七甲川菁荧光探针FD-1080与胎牛血清形成的复合物(FD-1080-FBS)对小鼠腹部血管成像。具体步骤如下:
将麻醉的小鼠尾静脉注射200μL浓度为80μM的复合物,用1064nm外置激光器照射小鼠腹部,激光器功率密度为40mW/cm2(参见图4)。
七甲川菁荧光探针FD-1080与胎牛血清形成的复合物(FD-1080-FBS)对小鼠脑部血管成像。具体步骤如下:
将麻醉的小鼠尾静脉注射200μL浓度为80μM的复合物,用1064nm外置激光器照射小鼠脑部,激光器功率密度为40mW/cm2(参见图5)。
Claims (3)
1.一种近红外第二窗口激发/发射的荧光染料,其特征在于,化合物结构式如下:
2.一种制备权利要求1所述的荧光染料的制备方法,其特征在于,具体步骤如下:
(1)化合物1的合成
称取1,8-萘内酰亚胺与氢氧化钾溶于N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮溶液中,在室温下搅拌20~40min,随后加入1,4-丁磺酸内酯,温度升至90℃,反应8~12h,冷却至室温后加入丙酮,可得沉淀,过滤得化合物1,其中1,8-萘内酰亚胺、1,4-丁磺酸内酯与氢氧化钠投料摩尔比为1:1.1:2~1:1.5:3;
(2)化合物2的合成
称取化合物1与四丁基氯化铵溶于乙酸中,在温度90℃条件下反应0.5~1h,冷却至室温,加入乙酸乙酯,过滤,旋干得黄色油状液体,即化合物2,其中化合物1与四丁基氯化铵投料摩尔比为1:1~1:2;
(3)化合物3的合成
称取化合物2溶于无水四氢呋喃中,在氮气保护下,加入甲基氯化镁,在温度60℃条件下反应0.5~2h,随后加入稀盐酸,生成沉淀,过滤得化合物3,其中化合物2与甲基氯化镁投料摩尔比为1:3~1:5;
(4)荧光探针的合成
称取化合物3与2-氯-1-甲酰基-3-羟亚甲基环己烯(3a)及乙酸钠溶于乙酸酐中,在室温下反应1~3h,旋干,通过柱层析分离得黑色固体即荧光染料,其中化合物3、甲基氯化镁与乙酸钠投料摩尔比为2:1:2~3:1:3;
3.如权利要求1所述的荧光染料作为荧光探针在制备血管造影剂中的应用,其特征在于,具体步骤如下:
配置荧光染料与二甲基亚砜的混合溶液,使其浓度为10-2~10-3mol/L,加入到胎牛血清FBS溶液中,在40℃条件下孵育90~150min,使其每100μL FBS溶液含有5~8μg染料。
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