CN108432997A - 红薯原浆发酵饮品及工艺方法 - Google Patents
红薯原浆发酵饮品及工艺方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108432997A CN108432997A CN201810201968.9A CN201810201968A CN108432997A CN 108432997 A CN108432997 A CN 108432997A CN 201810201968 A CN201810201968 A CN 201810201968A CN 108432997 A CN108432997 A CN 108432997A
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Abstract
一种红薯原浆发酵饮品及工艺方法,包括有(1)彻底洗净红薯、并采用次氯酸钠消毒液,浸泡消毒20分钟;(2)制备多功能复合液;(3)初次碎解红薯加入多功能复合液,然后通过90~120目加压筛滤,实现渣浆分离;(4)红薯淀粉浆送入洁净,沉淀槽静置薄层自然快速沉淀淀粉30分钟;(5)按照上述操作循环利用自然沉淀或离心取淀粉后的原浆碎解红薯,完成一组加工循环;本发明通过发酵技术使红薯淀粉生产中的排放液高效生物转化,富集蛋白质及大量微营养素,按照常规饮品加工流程制成鲜薯原浆纯天然速溶固体饮料,实现变废为宝和传统淀粉生产污水零排放。兼顾经济、社会和生态效益。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于红薯深加工技术领域,具体涉及一种红薯原浆发酵饮品及工艺方法。
背景技术
红薯是我国重要的低投入、高产出、耐干旱、多用途作物,其产量世界第一。红薯位居世界卫生组织推荐的十大健康食品之首,其营养价值特高,被营养学家视为药食兼用、营养最均衡的保健食品。红薯除含有大量淀粉、维生素C、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素E、胡萝卜素、膳食纤维和多种氨基酸(尤其米面中稀少的赖氨酸很丰富)外,还含有钙、磷、铁、钾等矿物质,及防癌、抗癌的粘蛋白、脱氢表雄酮、类雌激素和硒等物质。红薯中各种维生素含量之高是其他粮食作物所不及,其中维生素B1、B2的含量分别比大米高6倍和3倍,维生素E含量为小麦的9.5倍,纤维素含量为面粉的10倍。
红薯中种类繁多的植物化合物具有强健的生物学活性,有益于人体健康和相关疾病的预防。红薯多糖存在于红薯果胶,淀粉,纤维素,半纤维素中, 在结构、生物学活性,作用及对人体健康的影响上与其它植物多糖有相似之处,具有增强免疫力、降糖、降脂、抗氧化、抑制肿瘤、抗辐射、护肤、延缓衰老等生物学作用。特别是红薯具有很多抗癌活性成份,位居抗癌食品之首。另外,根据科学研究,红薯含热量非常低(比一般米饭低得多),是理想的减肥食品;据研究,红薯淀粉生产废水的主要成分为水溶性淀粉、可溶性蛋白质、多糖、氨基酸、维生素,黄酮、去氢表雄酮、绿原酸等多种小分子营养物和多种有机、无机物质,是一种不含有毒物质的高浓度有机混合物,具有很高的生理活性,如清除自由基、抗氧化、降血糖、降血脂、提高免疫力等作用。其中黄酮、去氢表雄酮、绿原酸等小分子营养素也有报道具有抗氧化、消炎杀菌、抗癌等多种有益作用。
近几年来,虽然我国淀粉工业取得了长足发展,但红薯淀粉仍供不应求。二十一世纪,健康饮食观念越来越受人推崇, 纯天然、营养、保健是当今食品研究和发展潮流。因红薯高产、高营养和低成本,其系列产品的开发前景广阔;传统红薯淀粉加工工艺流程为:原料选择→清洗→碎解→筛分→除沙→沉淀→脱水→包装,虽然加工淀粉效率较高,淀粉质量相对稳定,但用水量大,淀粉沉降时间和生产周期长(约24小时),并产生大量废水、薯渣等副产品。据统计,一个年产仅1000吨红薯淀粉的企业,每年排弃的废水超过2万吨;因其有机物含量高,任意排放严重污染环境、破坏生态。虽然建造污水处理厂能够解决这一严峻的环保问题,但对于只有3~4个月加工周期的红薯淀粉厂而言,这些环保设备每年将会闲置8~9个月,经济负担明显加重。
近年来有利用生物发酵技术沉淀红薯淀粉,利用添加酸液的方式或直接添加酵母菌发酵原浆液技术(例如:中国专利申请号201110228819.X “一种鲜红薯加工淀粉技术”、中国专利申请号201010182072.4 “红薯淀粉的快速沉淀方法”)。但这些方法耗时长,繁琐,原料损失较多,生产成本增加,而且最终均未能彻底解决废水排放问题。本发明设计工艺路线与上述技术有着实质性区别。综上,目前迫切需要一种简易而又高效的红薯浆沉淀淀粉和消化废水技术,以减少原料损失,有效节省时间,提高经济效益和淀粉质量。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种环保高效、经济效益高的红薯原浆发酵饮品及工艺方法。
一种红薯原浆发酵饮品及工艺方法,包括有:
(1)彻底洗净红薯、并采用次氯酸钠消毒液(有效氯含量控制在100~150mg/L)浸泡消毒20分钟,传输至洁净生产间后再用饮用水精洗,净化间温度控制在25℃;
(2)制备多功能复合液:选择鲜薄荷叶、油菜、油麦菜和雪里蕻叶,净洗后加其鲜重15倍的水,高速碎解,过滤液煮沸15分钟,冷却至38℃加入安琪啤酒活性干酵母粉,乳酸菌粉(含保加利亚乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌、植物乳杆菌和干酪乳杆菌),置38℃扩大繁殖3小时,进行益生菌活化,使其镜检数量达到4×108/ml以上。酵母菌粉和乳酸菌粉的接种比例为3:1.2,直投式菌种的添加量为0.15%的质量百分数;
(3)初次碎解红薯加入多功能复合液(液薯比为1:1 V/W),然后通过90~120目加压筛滤,实现渣浆分离;
(4)红薯淀粉浆送入洁净100×100×36cm沉淀槽静置薄层自然快速沉淀淀粉30分钟,或离心2000r/min×1 min分离淀粉,淀粉沉淀净化间温度控制在38℃。沉淀的湿淀粉用刮刀刮下,洗涤及脱水为淀粉成品;
(5)按照上述操作循环利用自然沉淀或离心取淀粉后的原浆碎解红薯(浆薯比为1.6~2:1 V/W)9次;完成一组加工循环;获取淀粉后原浆经传统红薯淀粉加工旋流器组分出轻相(比重最轻的清液)、中相(含比重较轻的蛋白、果胶及可溶性纤维液)、重相(含比重较重的残留淀粉液),清液按照浆薯比1.6~2:1反复9次碎解红薯。每个循环中获得的重相自然沉淀淀粉2h或离心后补获淀粉,余液与每次循环中获得的中相、初次洗淀粉水和末次循环收集的取淀粉后的原浆排入洁净混合发酵池,16~22℃持续发酵48~96 h,自然沉淀或离心,在获得的上清液中加入0.01%的甜菊糖,然后匀浆,喷雾干燥成粉,分装为鲜薯原浆纯天然速溶固体饮料。
为了充分开发利用在红薯淀粉提取过程中产生的排放液,并有效利用其营养价值及其特有的保健功能,本发明通过发酵技术使红薯淀粉生产中的排放液高效生物转化,富集蛋白质及大量微营养素,按照常规饮品加工流程制成鲜薯原浆纯天然速溶固体饮料。实现变废为宝和传统淀粉生产污水零排放。兼顾经济、社会和生态效益。
(1)本发明构思科学、配方合理、工艺简单,重点放在废水零排放,环保、高效的淀粉沉淀和红薯浆发酵饮品制备。创新性改进了红薯淀粉生产工艺,显著改善现代红薯加工过程中能耗高、污染物排放多、产品附加值低等缺点。
(2)本发明的加工工艺程序始终在洁净环境中运行,严格避免了杂菌污染,自始至终是一种物理加工和益生菌混合发酵过程。
(3)本发明综合了多种促进淀粉沉淀技术,添加多种有益于人体健康的蔬菜汁,其PH值在5.3~5.5之间,碎解红薯后的淀粉原浆PH值为6.25(若采用饮用水碎解红薯,其淀粉浆PH值为6.84)。为了获得良好的酸浆法促进淀粉沉淀,必须利用大量的益生菌菌体细胞及其理想的产酸速率,而酵母菌和多种乳酸菌在复方蔬菜汁中活化,放置38℃混合发酵、扩大繁殖至镜检益生菌数量达到4×108/ml以上,有助于上述目标的实现;同时酵母菌和乳酸菌最适宜生长的PH值分别为5.8~6.0和5.5~5.8,乳酸菌甚至在PH值4.5~5.5的条件下仍然能够较好的生长。酵母菌和乳酸菌混合发酵鲜薯浆,能够在多循环红薯浆沉淀淀粉过程中接力式下拉红薯淀粉浆的PH值(可从首循环前红薯浆PH值6.25~6.35降至末循环取淀粉后原浆PH值4.5~5.0);当红薯浆PH值降至5.5以下时,镜检发现大量酵母菌死亡,乳酸菌明显增加,这种现象说明PH值变化对酵母菌和乳酸菌生长的影响和红薯浆营养支持作用,同时酵母菌的自溶物可能发挥着乳酸菌生长促进因子的作用。上述益生菌在复方蔬菜汁和红薯浆中混合发酵、持续产酸促进淀粉与蛋白分离,加快淀粉沉降速度,缩短淀粉沉淀时间(由传统的24小时缩短为30 分钟),减少淀粉氧化,并且有助于获得纯净洁白的淀粉。
(4)本发明工艺操作简单,生产周期短,成本低,易于工业化生产。红薯物料的转送、打浆、发酵等程序可充分利用高度差,尽量实现物料自流输送,减少输送设备,降低系统动耗。
(5)本发明优化分类利用淀粉加工过程中的用水,获取淀粉后的红薯浆发酵成营养价值特别高的鲜薯原浆速溶固体饮料;初次洗淀粉水(含有蛋白和果胶及可溶性纤维)排入混合发酵池。第2次洗淀粉水(含有少量蛋白和果胶)可用于薯渣固体发酵(料水比为1∶1.2~1.3);第3次洗淀粉水可用于清洗红薯。收集洗薯水沉淀泥沙后上清液再次洗薯;不能再用的洗薯水过滤后用于农田灌溉。真正实现了全程生产废水的零排放。
(6)在红薯原浆发酵饮品中,红薯纯天然原浆约占87%,多种蔬菜汁约占13%、富含糖蛋白、氨基酸、小分子可溶性膳食纤维、维生素、多种微量元素、可溶性糖、多糖等营养成分。并且在饮品生产中不再加水、不加任何防腐剂、香精、色素和化学物质,因此,饮品不会残留任何有害物质,安全性高。另外,本发明以红薯原浆为培养基,不仅使原浆混合发酵产酸促进淀粉沉淀,而且制备的饮品中含有多种益生菌,持续混合发酵,高效生物转化,富集蛋白质及大量微营养素,提升其营养价值。为人类补充肠道益生菌提供廉价来源。其保健作用强,老少皆宜。为广大消费者提供新型营养保健饮品,必将繁荣饮料市场。
(7)采用本发明红薯综合深加工方法,不但生产出优质淀粉和原浆发酵饮品粉剂,进而拓展其在不同领域的应用范围,而且可收获高质量、食品级红薯渣(作为固体发酵生产优质饲料或保健食品的主要原料,其专利申请分案上报)。提高红薯系列产品的附加值;兼顾经济、社会和生态效益。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提出近似的所有其他实施例,均属于本发明保护的范围。
本方案的步骤为:
(1)全面水洗红薯:精选淀粉含量高的红皮、内白色红薯,剔除病薯。因为一般性水洗红薯很难清除残存于其表面凹坑及褶皱中的泥砂,因此,应仔细挑选鲜薯,多次翻洗,重点彻底清除残留泥沙。洗好后沥去余水,收集洗薯水沉淀泥沙后,上清液再次初洗鲜薯;不能再用的洗薯水过滤后用于农田灌溉。
(2) 清洗后的红薯采用次氯酸钠消毒液(有效氯含量控制在100~150mg/L)浸泡消毒20分钟。然后传输至洁净生产间采用饮用水精洗,得到洁净红薯。
(3)多功能复合液的制备,按照重量份的原料包括:薄荷叶1份,油菜、油麦菜和雪里蕻叶各4份,净洗后加其鲜重15倍的水,高速碎解,过滤液煮沸15分钟,冷却至38℃加入安琪啤酒活性干酵母粉(批号:20170501)和乳酸菌粉(昆山佰生优生物科技有限公司生产,批号为2017062902,含保加利亚乳杆菌,嗜热链球菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌和干酪乳杆菌),酵母菌和乳酸菌粉的接种比例为3:1.2,直投式菌种的添加量为0.15%的质量百分数;并给予38℃扩大繁殖3小时,使得益生菌镜检数量达到4×108/ml以上。
(4) 首循环红薯碎解 将洗净并消毒后的鲜薯运送至食品级净化加工间,净化间温度保持在25℃。初次碎解红薯加入多功能复合液(液薯比为1:1 V/W)、制得首循环红薯浆。
(5)过滤:将上述得到的红薯浆通过90~120目加压滤筛,实现红薯渣浆分离,获红薯淀粉浆。
(6) 沉淀,红薯淀粉浆送入100×100×36cm的沉淀槽薄层静置快速自然沉淀淀粉30分钟,或离心2000r/min×1 min分离淀粉,淀粉沉淀净化间温度控制在38℃,以利于益生菌混合发酵产酸。采用刮板刮除湿淀粉,洗涤及脱水为淀粉成品。其鲜薯淀粉收获率为14.61%(不包括其它程序的补获淀粉量)。
(7) 红薯纯天然原浆发酵饮品的制备,按照上述操作循环,利用自然沉淀或离心取淀粉后的原浆碎解红薯(浆薯比为1.6~2:1 V/W)9次;完成一组加工循环;或上述原浆经传统红薯淀粉加工旋流器组分出轻相(比重最轻的清液)、中相(含比重较轻的蛋白、果胶及可溶性纤维液)和重相(含比重较重的残留淀粉液),清液按照浆薯比1.6~2:1反复9次碎解红薯。每个循环中获得的重相自然沉淀淀粉2h或离心后补获淀粉,余液与每次循环中获得的中相、初次洗淀粉水和所有取淀粉后的原浆排入洁净混合发酵池,16~22℃持续发酵48~96 h,自然沉淀或离心,在获得的上清液中加入0.01%的甜菊糖,匀浆后喷雾干燥(进风温度为170~220℃,出风温度为65~90℃)成粉,分装为鲜薯原浆纯天然速溶固体饮料。饮品色泽自然柔和、状态稳定、口感细腻、酸甜可口。
本发明的上述实施例仅是为清楚地说明本发明所做的举例,而并非是对本发明的实施方式的限定。在不背离本发明精神及其实质的情况下,对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说,在上述发明的基础上所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。
Claims (1)
1.一种红薯原浆发酵饮品及工艺方法,其特征在于:
(1)彻底洗净红薯、并采用次氯酸钠消毒液(有效氯含量控制在100~150mg/L)浸泡消毒20分钟,传输至洁净生产间后再用饮用水精洗,净化间温度控制在25℃;
(2)制备多功能复合液:选择鲜薄荷叶、油菜、油麦菜和雪里蕻叶,净洗后加其鲜重15倍的水,高速碎解,过滤液煮沸15分钟,冷却至38℃加入安琪啤酒活性干酵母粉,乳酸菌粉(含保加利亚乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌、植物乳杆菌和干酪乳杆菌),置38℃扩大繁殖3小时,进行益生菌活化,使其镜检数量达到4×108/ml以上;
酵母菌粉和乳酸菌粉的接种比例为3:1.2,直投式菌种的添加量为0.15%的质量百分数;
(3)初次碎解红薯加入多功能复合液(液薯比为1:1 V/W),然后通过90~120目加压筛滤,实现渣浆分离;
(4)红薯淀粉浆送入洁净100×100×36cm沉淀槽静置薄层自然快速沉淀淀粉30分钟,或离心2000r/min×1 min分离淀粉,淀粉沉淀净化间温度控制在38℃;沉淀的湿淀粉用刮刀刮下,洗涤及脱水为淀粉成品;
(5)按照上述操作循环利用自然沉淀或离心取淀粉后的原浆碎解红薯(浆薯比为1.6~2:1 V/W)9次;完成一组加工循环;获取淀粉后原浆经传统红薯淀粉加工旋流器组分出轻相(比重最轻的清液)、中相(含比重较轻的蛋白、果胶及可溶性纤维液)、重相(含比重较重的残留淀粉液),清液按照浆薯比1.6~2:1反复9次碎解红薯;
每个循环中获得的重相自然沉淀淀粉2h或离心后补获淀粉,余液与每次循环中获得的中相、初次洗淀粉水和末次循环收集的取淀粉后的原浆排入洁净混合发酵池,16~22℃持续发酵48~96 h,自然沉淀或离心,在获得的上清液中加入0.01%的甜菊糖,然后匀浆,喷雾干燥成粉,分装为鲜薯原浆纯天然速溶固体饮料。
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