CN108402304B - Feed additive for large yellow croaker and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Feed additive for large yellow croaker and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
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- A23K20/174—Vitamins
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- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
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- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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Abstract
The invention discloses a feed additive for large yellow croakers as well as a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the feed additive comprises the following components in parts by mass: 5-10 parts of radix pseudostellariae extract, 0.3-0.8 part of electrolytic multivitamin and 1-2 parts of seawater. The preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing a radix pseudostellariae extracting solution; weighing the components in parts by mass; and dissolving the weighed components to prepare the feed additive for the large yellow croaker. The invention also discloses a feed based on the feed additive for large yellow croakers, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 99-5:95 of large yellow croaker feed additive and artificial compound feed. The application is that the prepared feed is fed to the large yellow croaker with the total length of more than 1.0cm, the feeding amount accounts for 1-3% of the weight of the large yellow croaker body, and the feed additive for the large yellow croaker not only improves the survival rate and the growth speed, but also greatly reduces the death rate and the growth speed and greatly improves the muscle quality of the large yellow croaker.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of large yellow croaker culture technology and Chinese herbal medicines, and particularly relates to a feed additive for large yellow croakers as well as a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The large yellow croaker (Larimichh crocea) belongs to Perciformes, Sciaenidae and yellowfish (Larimichthyes), is an important economic fish in the western sea of the North Pacific region in China, Korean peninsula and Japan, is mainly distributed in the south China yellow sea, the east China sea, Taiwan fjord and the south China sea and has a deep line of about 60m from east to long and narrow along the sea, and originally lives the first of four main catching objects in the sea of China. When the large yellow croaker is endangered to be extinct, science and technology personnel in Ningde city bring a lead team to break through artificial breeding of the large yellow croaker in the period of six and five, and a marine industrial cluster integrating breeding, processing and selling is formed through more than 30 years of development till now, the yield reaches 16.55 ten thousand tons in 2016, and the large-scale marine cage culture fish and the eight dominant export culture aquatic products are the first of the marine cage culture fish and the eight dominant export culture aquatic products in China. When the large yellow croaker breeding industry develops rapidly, the phenomena of low growth rate, reduced individual size, reduced disease resistance, reduced nutrition and the like are caused by the progressive breeding.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a feed additive for large yellow croakers, a preparation method and an application thereof, wherein the feed additive for large yellow croakers can improve the survival rate, growth performance and quality of large yellow croakers.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention discloses a feed additive for large yellow croakers, which comprises the following components in parts by mass: 5-10 parts of radix pseudostellariae extract, 0.3-0.8 part of electrolytic multivitamin and 1-2 parts of seawater.
The invention also discloses a preparation method of the feed additive for large yellow croakers, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing a radix pseudostellariae extracting solution;
step 2, weighing the following components in parts by mass: 5-10 parts of radix pseudostellariae extract, 0.3-0.8 part of electrolytic multivitamin and 1-2 parts of seawater;
and 3, dissolving the weighed radix pseudostellariae extracting solution, electrolytic multivitamins and seawater to prepare the feed additive for the large yellow croaker.
Optionally, the preparation of the radix pseudostellariae extracting solution specifically comprises the following steps: drying the radix pseudostellariae medicinal material, wherein the water content of the dried radix pseudostellariae medicinal material is less than or equal to 10%, then crushing and sieving with a 24-mesh sieve, and mixing the radix pseudostellariae powder and water according to the weight ratio of 1: 10-1: 20, soaking for 12-24 hours while stirring and shaking, covering the opening of a container, heating to 90-100 ℃, keeping for 1-2 hours, standing the container, cooling, taking the upper liquid, filtering the residual liquid, removing the residues, and fixing the volume to the original water amount to obtain the radix pseudostellariae extracting solution.
The invention also discloses a feed based on the feed additive for large yellow croakers, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 99-5:95 of large yellow croaker feed additive and artificial compound feed.
The invention also discloses a preparation method of the feed based on the feed additive for the large yellow croaker, which comprises the following steps: spraying the prepared feed additive for the large yellow croaker into an artificial compound feed; the weight ratio of the feed additive for large yellow croaker to the artificial compound feed is 1: 99-5:95.
The invention also discloses application of the feed based on the feed additive for the large yellow croakers, and the prepared feed based on the feed additive for the large yellow croakers is fed to the large yellow croakers with the total length of more than 1.0cm, and the feeding amount accounts for 1-3% of the weight of the fish body.
Compared with the prior art, the invention can obtain the following technical effects:
1) compared with the traditional feed, the feed additive for the large yellow croaker improves the survival rate and the growth speed, greatly reduces the death rate and the growth speed, and greatly improves the muscle quality of the large yellow croaker.
2) The feed additive for large yellow croaker is easy for large-scale production.
Of course, it is not necessary for any one product in which the invention is practiced to achieve all of the above-described technical effects simultaneously.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 shows the influence of the feed additive for large yellow croakers on the quality of large yellow croakers, wherein a represents that the body surface color is yellow and the scales are arranged tightly after the feed is fed with the radix pseudostellariae extracting solution, b represents that the body surface color is yellow after the feed is fed with the radix pseudostellariae extracting solution, c represents that the meat quality is good after the feed is fed with the radix pseudostellariae extracting solution, d represents that the scales are arranged loosely after the feed is fed with the radix pseudostellariae extracting solution and the scales are arranged, e represents that the color is light yellow after the feed is fed with the radix pseudostellariae extracting solution and the scales are not added, and f represents that the.
Detailed Description
The following embodiments are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, so that how to implement the technical features of the present invention to solve the technical problems and achieve the technical effects can be fully understood and implemented.
The invention provides a feed additive for large yellow croakers, which comprises the following components in parts by mass: 5-10 parts of radix pseudostellariae extract, 0.3-0.8 part of electrolytic multivitamin and 1-2 parts of seawater.
Wherein radix Pseudostellariae (Pseudostellaria heterophylla (Miq.) Pax), radix Pseudostellariae, and Sclerotium heterophyllum (berk.) Kuntze. Ginseng is liked to grow in a warm and humid environment, afraid of high temperature, is distributed in east China, North China, northeast China, northwest China and the like, is mainly produced in Fujian, Guizhou, Jiangsu, Shandong, Anhui and the like, and is determined to be listed in a list of traditional Chinese medicinal materials capable of being used for health food by the Ministry of health at present. Sweet, slightly bitter and neutral in nature and taste. It enters spleen and lung meridians. Has the main functions of moistening body, invigorating qi and promoting the production of body fluid. The root tuber part is rich in nutrition and mainly contains fructose, starch, saponin, free amino acid (with the highest content of arginine, glutamic acid and aspartic acid accounting for 30-40% of the free amino acid), maltose, tripalmitin, palmitic acid, beta-sitosterol, delta 7-stigmadiene-beta-alcohol, daucosterol, delta 7-stigmadiene-3-beta-D-glucopyranoside, inositol-3-methyl ether, alpha-sophorose, sucrose and the like.
The added radix pseudostellariae extract is used as a feed additive, and the medicinal components of the radix pseudostellariae extract are mainly radix pseudostellariae polysaccharides, saponins, amino acids and cyclic peptides, so that the radix pseudostellariae extract has the effects of promoting immunity, resisting fatigue, resisting stress and the like; the immunopotentiator has the advantages of rich resources, small toxic and side effects, difficulty in generating drug resistance, no drug residue and the like, has double functions of nutrition and drug resistance, and can obviously promote the immune response of organisms and improve the disease resistance and the resistance of the organisms when being used as the immunopotentiator.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the feed additive for large yellow croakers, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing a radix pseudostellariae extracting solution;
drying the radix pseudostellariae medicinal material, wherein the water content of the dried radix pseudostellariae medicinal material is less than or equal to 10%, then crushing and sieving with a 24-mesh sieve, and mixing the radix pseudostellariae powder and water according to the weight ratio of 1: 10-1: 20, mixing, soaking for 12-24 hours, stirring, shaking, covering a container, heating to 90-100 ℃, keeping for 1-2 hours, standing in the container, cooling, taking the upper liquid, filtering the residual liquid, removing residues, and fixing the volume to the original water amount to obtain the radix pseudostellariae extracting solution;
step 2, weighing the following components in parts by mass: 5-10 parts of radix pseudostellariae extract, 0.3-0.8 part of electrolytic multivitamin and 1-2 parts of seawater.
And 3, dissolving the weighed radix pseudostellariae extracting solution, the electrolytic multivitamins and seawater to prepare the feed additive for the large yellow croaker, so that the odor of the radix pseudostellariae extracting solution can be removed.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the feed based on the feed additive for the large yellow croaker, which comprises the following steps: spraying the prepared feed additive for large yellow croaker into artificial compound feed (sold in the market); the weight ratio of the feed additive for large yellow croaker to the artificial compound feed is 1: 99-5:95.
The invention also provides application of the feed based on the feed additive for the large yellow croakers, and the prepared feed based on the feed additive for the large yellow croakers is fed to the large yellow croakers with the total length of more than 1.0cm, and the feeding amount accounts for 1-3% of the weight of the fish body.
Example 1
A feed additive for large yellow croakers comprises the following components in parts by mass: 8 parts of radix pseudostellariae extract, 0.5 part of electrolytic multivitamin and 1.5 parts of seawater.
The preparation method of the additive comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing a radix pseudostellariae extracting solution, namely drying a radix pseudostellariae medicinal material, wherein the water content of the dried radix pseudostellariae medicinal material is less than or equal to 10%, then crushing the radix pseudostellariae medicinal material, sieving the crushed radix pseudostellariae medicinal material by a 24-mesh sieve, and mixing radix pseudostellariae powder and water according to a weight ratio of 1: 15, mixing, soaking for 18 hours, stirring, shaking, covering a container, heating to 95 ℃, keeping for 1.5 hours, standing in the container, cooling, taking supernatant, filtering residual liquid, removing residues, and fixing the volume to the original water amount to obtain the radix pseudostellariae extracting solution;
step 2, weighing the following components in parts by mass: 8 parts of radix pseudostellariae extract, 0.5 part of electrolytic multivitamin and 1.5 parts of seawater;
and 3, dissolving the weighed radix pseudostellariae extracting solution, electrolytic multivitamins and seawater to prepare the feed additive for the large yellow croaker.
Spraying the prepared feed additive for the large yellow croaker into an artificial compound feed; the weight ratio of the feed additive for large yellow croaker to the artificial compound feed is 1: 99, preparing the feed based on the feed additive for the large yellow croaker.
The prepared feed based on the feed additive for the large yellow croakers is fed to the large yellow croakers with the total length of more than 1.0cm, and the feeding amount accounts for 2 percent of the weight of the fish bodies.
Example 2
A feed additive for large yellow croakers comprises the following components in parts by mass: 5 parts of radix pseudostellariae extract, 0.8 part of electrolytic multivitamin and 1 part of seawater.
The preparation method of the additive comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing a radix pseudostellariae extracting solution: drying the radix pseudostellariae medicinal material, wherein the water content of the dried radix pseudostellariae medicinal material is less than or equal to 10%, then crushing and sieving with a 24-mesh sieve, and mixing the radix pseudostellariae powder and water according to the weight ratio of 1: 10, mixing, soaking for 12 hours, stirring, shaking, covering a container, heating to 90 ℃, keeping for 1 hour, standing in the container, cooling, taking the upper liquid, filtering the residual liquid, removing residues, and fixing the volume to the original water amount to obtain the radix pseudostellariae extracting solution;
step 2, weighing the following components in parts by mass: 5 parts of radix pseudostellariae extracting solution, 0.8 part of electrolytic multivitamin and 1 part of seawater;
and 3, dissolving the weighed radix pseudostellariae extracting solution, electrolytic multivitamins and seawater to prepare the feed additive for the large yellow croaker.
Spraying the prepared feed additive for the large yellow croaker into an artificial compound feed; the weight ratio of the feed additive for the large yellow croaker to the artificial compound feed is 2: 98, preparing the feed based on the feed additive for the large yellow croaker.
The prepared feed based on the feed additive for the large yellow croakers is fed to the large yellow croakers with the total length of more than 1.0cm, and the feeding amount accounts for 1 percent of the weight of the fish bodies.
Example 3
A feed additive for large yellow croakers comprises the following components in parts by mass: 10 parts of radix pseudostellariae extract, 0.3 part of electrolytic multivitamin and 2 parts of seawater.
The preparation method of the additive comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing a radix pseudostellariae extracting solution: drying the radix pseudostellariae medicinal material, wherein the water content of the dried radix pseudostellariae medicinal material is less than or equal to 10%, then crushing and sieving with a 24-mesh sieve, and mixing the radix pseudostellariae powder and water according to the weight ratio of 1: 20, mixing, soaking for 24 hours, stirring, shaking, covering a container, heating to 100 ℃, keeping for 2 hours, standing in the container, cooling, taking the upper liquid, filtering the residual liquid, removing residues, and fixing the volume to the original water amount to obtain the radix pseudostellariae extracting solution;
step 2, weighing the following components in parts by mass: 10 parts of radix pseudostellariae extracting solution, 0.3 part of electrolytic multivitamin and 2 parts of seawater;
and 3, dissolving the weighed radix pseudostellariae extracting solution, electrolytic multivitamins and seawater to prepare the feed additive for the large yellow croaker.
Spraying the prepared feed additive for the large yellow croaker into an artificial compound feed; the weight ratio of the feed additive for the large yellow croaker to the artificial compound feed is 3: 97, preparing the feed based on the feed additive for the large yellow croaker.
The prepared feed based on the feed additive for the large yellow croakers is fed to the large yellow croakers with the total length of more than 1.0cm, and the feeding amount accounts for 3 percent of the weight of the fish bodies.
Example 4
A feed additive for large yellow croakers comprises the following components in parts by mass: 6 parts of radix pseudostellariae extract, 0.7 part of electrolytic multivitamin and 1.2 parts of seawater.
The preparation method of the additive comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing a radix pseudostellariae extracting solution: drying the radix pseudostellariae medicinal material, wherein the water content of the dried radix pseudostellariae medicinal material is less than or equal to 10%, then crushing and sieving with a 24-mesh sieve, and mixing the radix pseudostellariae powder and water according to the weight ratio of 1: 18, soaking for 20 hours, stirring, shaking, covering a container, heating to 98 ℃, keeping for 1.3 hours, standing in the container, cooling, taking supernatant, filtering residual liquid, removing residues, and fixing the volume to the original water amount to obtain the radix pseudostellariae extracting solution;
step 2, weighing the following components in parts by mass: 6 parts of radix pseudostellariae extract, 0.7 part of electrolytic multivitamin and 1.2 parts of seawater;
and 3, dissolving the weighed radix pseudostellariae extracting solution, electrolytic multivitamins and seawater to prepare the feed additive for the large yellow croaker.
Spraying the prepared feed additive for the large yellow croaker into an artificial compound feed; the weight ratio of the feed additive for the large yellow croaker to the artificial compound feed is 4: 96, preparing the feed based on the feed additive for the large yellow croaker.
The prepared feed based on the feed additive for the large yellow croakers is fed to the large yellow croakers with the total length of more than 1.0cm, and the feeding amount accounts for 1.5 percent of the weight of the fish bodies.
Example 5
A feed additive for large yellow croakers comprises the following components in parts by mass: 9 parts of radix pseudostellariae extract, 0.4 part of electrolytic multivitamin and 1.8 parts of seawater.
The preparation method of the additive comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing a radix pseudostellariae extracting solution: drying the radix pseudostellariae medicinal material, wherein the water content of the dried radix pseudostellariae medicinal material is less than or equal to 10%, then crushing and sieving with a 24-mesh sieve, and mixing the radix pseudostellariae powder and water according to the weight ratio of 1: 12, mixing, soaking for 16 hours, stirring, shaking, covering a container, heating to 93 ℃, keeping for 1.8 hours, standing in the container, cooling, taking supernatant, filtering residual liquid, removing residues, and fixing the volume to the original water amount to obtain the radix pseudostellariae extracting solution;
step 2, weighing the following components in parts by mass: 9 parts of radix pseudostellariae extract, 0.4 part of electrolytic multivitamin and 1.8 parts of seawater;
and 3, dissolving the weighed radix pseudostellariae extracting solution, electrolytic multivitamins and seawater to prepare the feed additive for the large yellow croaker.
Spraying the prepared feed additive for the large yellow croaker into an artificial compound feed; the weight ratio of the feed additive for the large yellow croaker to the artificial compound feed is 5:95, and the feed based on the feed additive for the large yellow croaker is prepared.
The prepared feed based on the feed additive for the large yellow croakers is fed to the large yellow croakers with the total length of more than 1.0cm, and the feeding amount accounts for 2.5 percent of the weight of the fish bodies.
The results of the feeds prepared in examples 1 to 5 of the present invention were compared with those of the artificial formula feed alone, and are shown in tables 1 to 3.
Comparative example 1
Feeding large yellow croaker with total length of 1.0cm or more with the artificial compound feed in an amount of 1-3% of fish body weight.
The effects of examples 1-5 and comparative example 1 on large yellow croaker are shown in tables 1-3.
TABLE 1 influence of Pseudostellaria heterophylla on the survival rate of cultured pseudosciaena crocea
| Item | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Example 4 | Example 5 | Comparative example 1 |
| Survival rate of seedling/%) | 80.1-86.2 | 87.6-89.7 | 88.1-90.8 | 89.2-91.3 | 91.6-91.8 | 76.5-80.3 |
| Average survival rate/% | 83.15 | 88.65 | 89.45 | 90.25 | 91.70 | 78.4 |
| Survival rate of breeding% | 35.6-37.8 | 36.1-38.4 | 36.3-39.9 | 37.2-40.3 | 39.5-41.1 | 29.8-34.6 |
| Average survival rate/% | 36.70 | 37.25 | 38.10 | 38.75 | 40.30 | 32.2 |
As can be seen from Table 1, the survival rate of the cultured large yellow croaker can be effectively improved by feeding the artificial compound feed added with the radix pseudostellariae extracting solution
TABLE 2 influence of Pseudostellaria heterophylla on average body mass of Pseudosciaena crocea
| Item | Culturing for 30d | Culturing for 60d | Culturing for 90d | Culturing for 120d | Culturing for 180d |
| Example 1 | 0.88±0.33g | 1.71±0.83g | 1.96±0.72g | 3.09±1.36g | 6.77±2.07g |
| Example 2 | 1.28±0.28g | 1.80±0.67g | 1.97±0.73g | 3.37±1.72g | 7.04±2.98g |
| Example 3 | 1.3±0.24g | 1.84±0.58g | 2.40±0.92g | 3.66±1.65g | 7.69±2.94g |
| Example 4 | 1.3±0.32g | 1.88±0.42g | 2.42±0.51g | 3.94±1.50g | 8.29±2.94g |
| Example 5 | 1.4±0.22g | 1.92±0.33g | 2.53±0.79g | 4.23±1.59g | 7.69±2.94g |
| Comparative example 1 | 0.73±0.21g | 1.69±0.71g | 1.66±0.53g | 2.70±1.13g | 5.66±3.46g |
As can be seen from Table 2, the growth rate of large yellow croakers can be effectively increased by feeding the artificial compound feed added with the radix pseudostellariae extracting solution.
TABLE 3 influence of Pseudostellaria heterophylla on amino acids in muscle of Pseudosciaena crocea
As can be seen from Table 3, the amino acid content in the meat of the large yellow croaker can be effectively improved by feeding the artificial compound feed added with the radix pseudostellariae extracting solution.
While the foregoing description shows and describes several preferred embodiments of the invention, it is to be understood, as noted above, that the invention is not limited to the forms disclosed herein, but is not to be construed as excluding other embodiments and is capable of use in various other combinations, modifications, and environments and is capable of changes within the scope of the inventive concept as expressed herein, commensurate with the above teachings, or the skill or knowledge of the relevant art. And that modifications and variations may be effected by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. The feed additive for the large yellow croaker is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by mass: 5-10 parts of radix pseudostellariae extract, 0.3-0.8 part of electrolytic multivitamin and 1-2 parts of seawater;
the preparation of the radix pseudostellariae extracting solution specifically comprises the following steps: drying the radix pseudostellariae medicinal material, wherein the water content of the dried radix pseudostellariae medicinal material is less than or equal to 10%, then crushing and sieving with a 24-mesh sieve, and mixing the radix pseudostellariae powder and water according to the weight ratio of 1: 10-1: 20, soaking for 12-24 hours while stirring and shaking, covering the opening of a container, heating to 90-100 ℃, keeping for 1-2 hours, standing the container, cooling, taking the upper liquid, filtering the residual liquid, removing the residues, and fixing the volume to the original water amount to obtain the radix pseudostellariae extracting solution.
2. A preparation method of a feed additive for large yellow croakers is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, preparing a radix pseudostellariae extracting solution;
step 2, weighing the following components in parts by mass: 5-10 parts of radix pseudostellariae extract, 0.3-0.8 part of electrolytic multivitamin and 1-2 parts of seawater;
step 3, dissolving the weighed radix pseudostellariae extracting solution, electrolytic multivitamins and seawater to prepare the feed additive for the large yellow croaker;
the preparation of the radix pseudostellariae extracting solution specifically comprises the following steps: drying the radix pseudostellariae medicinal material, wherein the water content of the dried radix pseudostellariae medicinal material is less than or equal to 10%, then crushing and sieving with a 24-mesh sieve, and mixing the radix pseudostellariae powder and water according to the weight ratio of 1: 10-1: 20, soaking for 12-24 hours while stirring and shaking, covering the opening of a container, heating to 90-100 ℃, keeping for 1-2 hours, standing the container, cooling, taking the upper liquid, filtering the residual liquid, removing the residues, and fixing the volume to the original water amount to obtain the radix pseudostellariae extracting solution.
3. A feed based on the feed additive for large yellow croaker of claim 1, comprising the components in an amount of 1: 99-5:95 of large yellow croaker feed additive and artificial compound feed.
4. A method for preparing a feed based on the feed additive for large yellow croaker of claim 3, comprising the steps of: spraying the prepared feed additive for the large yellow croaker into an artificial compound feed; the weight ratio of the feed additive for the large yellow croaker to the artificial compound feed is 1: 99-5:95.
5. The use of a feed based on the feed additive for large yellow croaker according to claim 3, wherein the prepared feed based on the feed additive for large yellow croaker is fed to large yellow croakers having a total length of 1.0cm or more in an amount of 1 to 3% of the body weight of the fish.
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