CN108400374A - 一种高比能锂离子电池 - Google Patents
一种高比能锂离子电池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108400374A CN108400374A CN201710069993.1A CN201710069993A CN108400374A CN 108400374 A CN108400374 A CN 108400374A CN 201710069993 A CN201710069993 A CN 201710069993A CN 108400374 A CN108400374 A CN 108400374A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- lithium ion
- electrolyte
- positive
- ion battery
- negative
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
- H01M4/623—Binders being polymers fluorinated polymers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/665—Composites
- H01M4/667—Composites in the form of layers, e.g. coatings
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种高比能锂离子电池,包括正极片、负极片及电解液,正极片包括正集流体及涂覆于正集流体表面的正极材料,正极材料由以下质量百分比的组分组成:1~1.5%导电炭黑Super P,1~1.5%VGCF,2~2.5%聚偏氟乙烯,余量LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2;负极片为包括负集流体及涂覆于负集流体表面的多孔导电碳涂层;电解液包括电解质及有机溶剂,有机溶剂为碳酸乙烯酯与碳酸甲乙酯按体积比1~2:1混合而成,电解质为LiPF6,电解液中电解质浓度为1.2~1.5mol/L。本发明可降低电池正极材料中锂离子的损耗,增加电池可逆比容量,显著提高锂离子电池质量比能量密度。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种锂离子电池,尤其是涉及一种高比能锂离子电池。
背景技术
锂离子电池由日本Sony公司在1990年研制成功并实现商品化,它是在二次锂电池的基础上发展起来的。它既保持了锂电池高电压、高容量的主要特点,又具有循环寿命长、安全性能好的显著特点,在便携式电子设备、电动汽车、空间技术、国防工业等多方面显示了广阔的应用前景和潜在的巨大经济效益。
锂离子电池主要有正极、负极、隔膜、电解液和外包装组成。锂离子电池正极是二次锂离子电池的重要组成部分,它不仅作为电极材料参与电化学反应,还要作为锂离子源。常见的正极有:过渡金属族氧化物或聚阴离子化合物,如LiCoO2,Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2,LiFePO4等,负极也是锂离子电池的主要组成部分,如石墨,Li4Ti5O12,Si或Sn基材料等。
石墨材料具有较低的氧化还原电位,Li嵌入脱出过程中,电极电位变化较小,嵌脱锂过程中结构稳定性和化学稳定性好、具有较高的循环寿命等系列优点,是当前商业化锂离子电池的主要负极材料。充电时,锂离子从正极材料迁移到负极石墨片层中,放电时,锂离子从石墨负极片层回到正极材料内。其中负极石墨功能主要是“容纳”正极迁移过来的锂离子,可见,正极材料对锂离子电池能量密度起主要的决定作用。负极材料是影响锂离子电池能量密度的关键材料。
目前商业化锂离子电池首次充放电时石墨负极颗粒表面有效形成一层稳定的固态电解质界面膜(SEI),SEI膜的形成可显著改善石墨负极循环稳定性。形成SEI膜结构所需锂离子需正极提供,因此负极表面SEI的形成将降低锂离子电池可逆比容量。
发明内容
本发明是为了解决现有以石墨材料作为负极材料的锂电池会降低锂离子电池可逆比容量的问题,提供了一种在降低锂离子电池重量的同时能显著提升能量密度的高比能锂离子电池。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种高比能锂离子电池,包括正极片、负极片及电解液,所述正极片包括正集流体及涂覆于正集流体表面的正极材料,所述正极材料由以下质量百分比的组分组成:1~1.5%导电炭黑Super P,1~1.5%VGCF,2~2.5%聚偏氟乙烯,余量LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2;所述负极片为包括负集流体及涂覆于负集流体表面的多孔导电碳涂层;所述电解液包括电解质及有机溶剂,所述有机溶剂为碳酸乙烯酯与碳酸甲乙酯按体积比1~2:1混合而成,所述电解质为LiPF6,电解液中电解质浓度为1.2~1.5mol/L。本发明对整个电池体系进行了优化改进,对正极材料和电解液进行了严格筛选和限定,并摒弃了常规的石墨负极,采用在负集流体表面涂覆有多孔导电碳涂层的负极片与以LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2作为正极活性物质的正极片配合,本发明的负极片不添加石墨材料,多孔导电碳涂层由多孔导电炭与粘结剂、溶剂混合后经涂覆、干燥形成,多孔导电炭可为石墨烯、纳米碳管、导电炭黑、纳米导电碳纤维等,粘结剂可为PVDF、SBR、PAA、PI等,溶剂为水或者有机溶剂N-甲基吡咯烷酮等,在电池充电时,锂离子从正极材料中脱出,在负集流体表面发生电化学沉积,形成金属锂层,放电时,锂离子从金属锂层中迁移出并嵌入至正极材料内,从而可降低正极锂离子损耗,显著提升锂离子电池能量密度。
作为优选,负极极极片面积≥正极极片面积。
作为优选,所述正集流体为铝箔。
作为优选,所述负集流体为铜箔。
作为优选,所述铜箔厚度为6~20μm。
作为优选,所述多孔导电碳涂层厚度为1~5μm。
因此,本发明具有如下有益效果:本发明对整个电池体系进行了优化改进,对正极材料和电解液进行了严格筛选和限定,并摒弃了常规的石墨负极,采用在负集流体表面涂覆有多孔导电碳涂层的负极片与以LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2作为正极活性物质的正极片配合,负极片无需使用石墨材料,表面无需形成SEI膜,可降低电池正极材料中锂离子的损耗,增加电池可逆比容量,显著提高锂离子电池质量比能量密度。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施方式对本发明做进一步的描述。
实施例1
一种高比能锂离子电池,包括正极片、负极片及电解液,负极片面积≥正极片面积,正极片包括正集流体(铝箔)及涂覆于正集流体表面的正极材料,正极材料由以下质量百分比的组分组成:1%导电炭黑Super P,1%VGCF,2%聚偏氟乙烯,余量LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/ 3O2;负极片为包括负集流体(厚度为6μm的铜箔)及涂覆于负集流体表面厚度为1μm的多孔导电碳涂层(纳米碳管、PVDF及N-甲基吡咯烷酮混合而成);电解液包括电解质及有机溶剂,所述有机溶剂为碳酸乙烯酯与碳酸甲乙酯按体积比1:1混合而成,所述电解质为LiPF6,电解液中电解质浓度为1.2mol/L。
该电池制备方法如下:将导电炭黑Super P、VGCF、聚偏氟乙烯及LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/ 3O2与适量N-甲基吡咯烷酮搅拌成正极浆料后,涂覆于铝箔上,经120℃鼓风烘干,辊压,裁切制得正极片;将纳米碳管、PVDF及N-甲基吡咯烷酮按需混合涂于铜箔上,烘干,辊压,裁切制得正极片;将碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸甲乙酯及LiPF6混合得电解液;将正极片、负极片及隔膜卷绕成电芯,组装、注液、分容、化成后得双片式软包装锂离子全电池。
制得的双片式软包装锂离子全电池性能测试结果如表1所示。
对比例1
负极片为常规的石墨负极片,其余均与实施例1相同。制得的双片式软包装锂离子全电池性能测试(测试倍率:+0.05C/-0.05C,充放电电压范围:2.8~4.3V),测试结果如表1所示。
实施例2
本实施例与实施例1相比,区别在于:正极材料由以下质量百分比的组分组成:1.5%导电炭黑Super P,1.5%VGCF,2.5%聚偏氟乙烯,余量LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2;负集流体为厚度20μm的铜箔;多孔导电碳涂层厚度为5μm;有机溶剂为碳酸乙烯酯与碳酸甲乙酯按体积比2:1混合而成,电解液中电解质浓度为1.5mol/L,其余完全相同。
对比例2
负极片为常规的石墨负极片,其余均与实施例2相同。制得的双片式软包装锂离子全电池性能测试(测试倍率:+0.05C/-0.05C,充放电电压范围:2.8~4.3V),测试结果如表1所示。
实施例3
本实施例与实施例1相比,区别在于:正极材料由以下质量百分比的组分组成:1.2%导电炭黑Super P,1.2%VGCF,2.3%聚偏氟乙烯,余量LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2;负集流体为厚度18μm的铜箔;多孔导电碳涂层厚度为2μm;有机溶剂为碳酸乙烯酯与碳酸甲乙酯按体积比1~2:1混合而成,电解液中电解质浓度为1.3mol/L,其余完全相同。
对比例3
负极片为常规的石墨负极片,其余均与实施例3相同。制得的双片式软包装锂离子全电池性能测试(测试倍率:+0.05C/-0.05C,充放电电压范围:2.8~4.3V),测试结果如表1所示。
表1 各实施例与对比例中双片式软包装锂离子全电池性能测试结果
通过表1可知,本发明的电池具有更为优异的效率及能量密度,电化学性能更为优异。
以上所述的实施例只是本发明的一种较佳的方案,并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制,在不超出权利要求所记载的技术方案的前提下还有其它的变体及改型。
Claims (6)
1.一种高比能锂离子电池,包括正极片、负极片及电解液,所述正极片包括正集流体及涂覆于正集流体表面的正极材料,其特征在于,所述正极材料由以下质量百分比的组分组成:1~1.5%导电炭黑Super P,1~1.5%VGCF,2~2.5%聚偏氟乙烯,余量LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/ 3O2;
所述负极片为包括负集流体及涂覆于负集流体表面的多孔导电碳涂层;
所述电解液包括电解质及有机溶剂,所述有机溶剂为碳酸乙烯酯与碳酸甲乙酯按体积比1~2:1混合而成,所述电解质为LiPF6,电解液中电解质浓度为1.2~1.5mol/L。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高比能锂离子电池,其特征在于,负极片面积≥正极片面积。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种高比能锂离子电池,其特征在于,所述正集流体为铝箔。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种高比能锂离子电池,其特征在于,所述负集流体为铜箔。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种高比能锂离子电池,其特征在于,所述铜箔厚度为6~20μm。
6.根据权利要求4所述的一种高比能锂离子电池,其特征在于,所述多孔导电碳涂层厚度为1~5μm。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201710069993.1A CN108400374A (zh) | 2017-02-08 | 2017-02-08 | 一种高比能锂离子电池 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201710069993.1A CN108400374A (zh) | 2017-02-08 | 2017-02-08 | 一种高比能锂离子电池 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN108400374A true CN108400374A (zh) | 2018-08-14 |
Family
ID=63094427
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201710069993.1A Pending CN108400374A (zh) | 2017-02-08 | 2017-02-08 | 一种高比能锂离子电池 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN108400374A (zh) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109509877A (zh) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-03-22 | 清华大学深圳研究生院 | 碳包覆多孔金属涂层集流体、制备方法及锂电池 |
CN113013493A (zh) * | 2019-12-19 | 2021-06-22 | 万华化学集团股份有限公司 | 快充锂离子电池及其制备方法 |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2008166268A (ja) * | 2006-12-05 | 2008-07-17 | Mazda Motor Corp | 蓄電装置 |
CN101425605A (zh) * | 2007-11-01 | 2009-05-06 | 深圳市慧通天下科技股份有限公司 | 一种镍钴锰酸锂高功率锂离子电池 |
CN103384007A (zh) * | 2013-07-23 | 2013-11-06 | 深圳清华大学研究院 | 碳纳米管/石墨烯复合负极材料及其制备方法、锂电池 |
CN106057477A (zh) * | 2016-07-22 | 2016-10-26 | 清华大学 | 一种水系可充钠离子电容电池及其制备方法 |
-
2017
- 2017-02-08 CN CN201710069993.1A patent/CN108400374A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2008166268A (ja) * | 2006-12-05 | 2008-07-17 | Mazda Motor Corp | 蓄電装置 |
CN101425605A (zh) * | 2007-11-01 | 2009-05-06 | 深圳市慧通天下科技股份有限公司 | 一种镍钴锰酸锂高功率锂离子电池 |
CN103384007A (zh) * | 2013-07-23 | 2013-11-06 | 深圳清华大学研究院 | 碳纳米管/石墨烯复合负极材料及其制备方法、锂电池 |
CN106057477A (zh) * | 2016-07-22 | 2016-10-26 | 清华大学 | 一种水系可充钠离子电容电池及其制备方法 |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109509877A (zh) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-03-22 | 清华大学深圳研究生院 | 碳包覆多孔金属涂层集流体、制备方法及锂电池 |
CN113013493A (zh) * | 2019-12-19 | 2021-06-22 | 万华化学集团股份有限公司 | 快充锂离子电池及其制备方法 |
CN113013493B (zh) * | 2019-12-19 | 2023-01-13 | 万华化学集团股份有限公司 | 快充锂离子电池及其制备方法 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN101510625B (zh) | 一种超高倍率锂离子电池 | |
CN108281610B (zh) | 一种复合正极极片的锂离子电池 | |
CN114665065B (zh) | 一种正极极片及其制备方法和应用 | |
CN111276674B (zh) | 一种改性石墨负极材料及其制备方法及含该改性石墨负极的电池 | |
CN102867983A (zh) | 一种非水二次锂电池 | |
CN102034981A (zh) | 一种锂离子电池负极用集流体 | |
CN113571672A (zh) | 一种干法电极、固态锂离子电池及其制备方法 | |
CN113066954B (zh) | 一种负极片及其应用 | |
CN110120493A (zh) | 一种锂离子电池正极补锂方法 | |
CN109037592A (zh) | 锂离子电池正极片及其制备方法、锂离子电池 | |
CN111799470B (zh) | 正极极片及钠离子电池 | |
CN112688022A (zh) | 一种快速充放锂离子电池及其制备方法 | |
WO2018059180A1 (zh) | 一种高功率高能量化学电源及其制备方法 | |
CN114335419A (zh) | 一种锂电池负极极片和锂电池 | |
CN115863919A (zh) | 一种锂离子电池复合隔膜及其制备方法、锂离子电池 | |
CN113285050A (zh) | 一种Li-M-X基固态锂电池正极及其制备方法 | |
CN116053410B (zh) | 一种钠离子电池正极片、其制备方法及钠离子电池 | |
Song et al. | Electrochemical preparation of lithium-Rich graphite anode for LiFePO 4 battery | |
CN108400374A (zh) | 一种高比能锂离子电池 | |
CN116111040A (zh) | 电池 | |
CN217239505U (zh) | 锂离子电池正极极片和锂离子电池 | |
CN108448110A (zh) | 正极活性材料、正极材料、锂离子电池及其制备方法和应用 | |
CN109659475A (zh) | 一种高性能高压锂离子电池的制备方法 | |
CN115036458B (zh) | 一种锂离子电池 | |
CN114597387A (zh) | 一种锌金属负极材料及其制备方法和应用 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication | ||
RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20180814 |