CN108396711B - Detachable gravity dam and construction and dismantling method thereof - Google Patents
Detachable gravity dam and construction and dismantling method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108396711B CN108396711B CN201810071121.3A CN201810071121A CN108396711B CN 108396711 B CN108396711 B CN 108396711B CN 201810071121 A CN201810071121 A CN 201810071121A CN 108396711 B CN108396711 B CN 108396711B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B7/00—Barrages or weirs; Layout, construction, methods of, or devices for, making same
- E02B7/02—Fixed barrages
- E02B7/04—Dams across valleys
- E02B7/08—Wall dams
- E02B7/10—Gravity dams, i.e. those in which the weight of the structure prevents overturning
Abstract
The invention relates to a detachable gravity dam and a construction and detachment method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of hydraulic engineering. The invention comprises a drainage grouting gallery, an anti-seepage curtain, a dam foundation drain hole, a middle pier, side piers and transverse seams, and also comprises an upstream concrete panel, building block concrete, a downstream concrete panel, a plain concrete cushion layer and a dam foundation anchor bar; the block concrete is formed by connecting prefabricated blocks through bolts according to a certain sequence; the upstream concrete panel and the downstream concrete panel are respectively poured on the upstream side and the downstream side of the dam body, the plain concrete cushion is paved on the dam foundation, the detachable block concrete is built on the plain concrete cushion, and the anchor bars of the dam foundation are arranged in the hoisting holes of the bottommost block concrete. The invention can fully utilize the advantages of reliable quality and high construction efficiency of the prefabricated concrete member, reduce the temperature crack in the dam body, ensure the safety of the gravity dam, and simultaneously meet the requirement of convenient disassembly of the dam body, thereby being economic and environment-friendly.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a detachable gravity dam and a construction and detachment method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of hydraulic engineering.
Background
The traditional gravity dam is built by adopting a method of pouring concrete on site, and because cement in the concrete gives off a large amount of hydration heat in the hydration process, when large-volume concrete and the external environment form a large temperature difference, the concrete is easy to crack, so that the integrity of the concrete is damaged. In order to prevent the temperature cracks, not only measures such as manual cooling, temperature reduction, heat dissipation and the like need to be taken in the construction, but also block layered pouring needs to be adopted, and the pouring interval between two layers needs 5-10 days or longer, so that the construction speed is seriously influenced. Because the construction speed is limited, the main dam body can not realize the water retaining or flood discharging function in a short time, and the grade of the construction diversion project has to be improved, thereby greatly increasing the difficulty and the cost of the construction diversion. The prefabricated concrete is widely applied to civil engineering, is not applied to water conservancy engineering, and is applied to damming. Although there are reports on fabricated damming, such as: the monolithic dam is a monolithic dam, but the dam height is very low, and the method cannot be directly applied to the construction of high dams. Because the prior assembled dam body adopts cement mortar to connect the building blocks, the thickness of the cement mortar is limited, the bonding strength between the cement mortar and the building blocks is not high, and the shearing resistance of the cement mortar is obviously lower than that of the building blocks, so that the construction of a high dam cannot be met. In addition, the existing concrete gravity dam design does not consider how to disassemble, and how to process the dam after the service period expires.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a detachable gravity dam and a construction and dismantling method thereof, aiming at the problems that the traditional high-gravity dam is easy to have temperature cracks, the temperature control is strict in construction, the dam construction speed is low, and how to dismantle a dam body is not considered.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a detachable gravity dam comprises a drainage grouting gallery 3, an anti-seepage curtain 6, a dam foundation drain hole 7, a middle pier 10, a side pier 11 and a transverse seam 12, and further comprises an upstream concrete panel 1, block concrete 2, a downstream concrete panel 4, a plain concrete cushion 5 and a dam foundation anchor bar 8;
the upstream concrete panel 1 and the downstream concrete panel 4 are respectively poured on the upper and the downstream sides of a dam body, the plain concrete cushion 5 is paved on a dam foundation, the detachable block concrete 2 is built on the plain concrete cushion 5, and the dam foundation anchor bars 8 are arranged in the hoisting holes 205 of the bottommost block concrete 2.
And the building block concrete 2 is constructed row by row layer by layer from the upstream to the downstream.
The building block concrete 2 is assembled by building block standard parts 20 and 1/2 building block standard parts 21; the block standard parts 20 and 1/2 in the same layer are connected through anchor cables 208, and the block standard parts 20 and 1/2 between the upper layer and the lower layer are connected with the lower layer concave anchoring screw 203 through an upper layer lateral anchoring screw 206 by using angle irons 207.
The block standard component 20 is in a quadrangular shape, the 1/2 block standard component 21 is half as wide as the block standard component 20, the upper surfaces of the block standard component and the block standard component are provided with concave key tooth sockets 201, the lower surfaces of the block standard component and the block standard component are provided with convex key teeth 202, the key tooth sockets 201 on the upper surface and the key teeth 202 on the lower surface are completely the same in shape and size and can be mutually nested;
2 anchor cable holes 204 are arranged outwards in each key tooth socket 201 on the upper surface of the building block standard component 20, and the number of the anchor cable holes is 8; 4 concave anchoring screws 203 are arranged between the key tooth sockets 201 of the building block standard component 20; 2 side anchoring screws 206 are arranged at the lower part of each side of the building block standard component 20, the centers of the side anchoring screws 206 are aligned with the centers of the key teeth 202 on the lower surface, and 4 elliptical hoisting holes 205 are arranged at the centers of the key tooth sockets 201;
each key tooth socket on the upper surface of the 1/2 building block standard component 21 is internally and externally provided with 3 anchor cable holes 204, and the number of the anchor cable holes is 6; 1/2 setting 1 concave anchoring screw 203 between key tooth socket 201 of building block standard 21; 1/2 building block standard 21 building block long side lower part sets up 2 side anchor screw 206, and the short side lower part sets up 1 side anchor screw 206, and side anchor screw 206 center aims at the key tooth 202 center of lower surface, sets up oval hoist hole 205 in every key tooth nest 201 center, totally 2.
The block standard 20, 1/2 block standard 21 is made of C15 or C20 concrete.
The angle iron 207 is an L-shaped steel plate, the thickness of the plate is 25-35 mm, and round holes are formed in two wings of the plate.
The anchor cable 208 is a steel strand, the diameter of the anchor cable is 30-50 mm, and screw rods are arranged at two ends of the anchor cable.
The diameters of the concave anchoring screw rod 203 and the side anchoring screw rod 206 are 30-50 mm, the lengths of the concave anchoring screw rod 203 and the side anchoring screw rod 206 are 40-60 cm, one end of the concave anchoring screw rod 203 is welded with a steel plate and poured in the building block, and the other end of the concave anchoring screw rod 203 is exposed in an anchoring hole in the upper surface of the building block; one end of the side anchoring screw rod 206 is welded with a steel plate and poured in the building block, and the other end of the side anchoring screw rod 206 is exposed in an anchoring hole on the upper side surface of the building block; wherein the block is block standard 20 or 1/2 block standard 21.
The thickness of the upstream concrete panel 1 is gradually thickened from the top of the dam to the bottom of the dam, the thickness of the top of the dam is 0.3m, and the thickness of the bottom of the dam is 0.5-1.5 m; the strength of the upstream concrete panel 1 is not lower than C25, and the impermeability grade is not lower than W8; the downstream concrete panel 4 of the non-overflow dam section is equal in thickness, the thickness is 20cm, and drain holes are formed in the panel at intervals; for the overflow dam section, the thickness of the downstream concrete panel 4 is 50cm, the thickness of the weir top and the downstream reverse arc section of the weir is thickened, and the concrete strength is not lower than C25.
The drainage grouting gallery 3 is of a common reinforced concrete structure, and concrete is filled between the drainage grouting gallery 3 and the building blocks; drainage holes are arranged on the side wall and the top arch of the drainage grouting gallery 3 at intervals; wherein the block is block standard 20 or 1/2 block standard 21.
The thickness of the plain concrete cushion layer 5 is 1-2 m.
The dam foundation anchor bars 8 penetrate into the foundation for 2-3 m and have the diameter of 40-50 mm.
The upstream concrete panel 1 and the downstream concrete panel 4 are respectively connected with a panel steel reinforcement framework through panel anchor bars 9 arranged in the adjacent building block concrete 2 and poured on the upstream side and the downstream side of the dam body.
The middle pier 10 and the side piers 11 are poured on the overflow weir by adopting a reinforced concrete structure.
A construction method of a detachable gravity dam comprises the following steps:
s1, clearing the foundation, removing the riverbed alluvial layer to a designed elevation, and removing the slope lamination layers on the two sides of the dam axis;
s2, pouring a dam foundation element concrete cushion layer 5;
s3, constructing a drainage grouting gallery 3 with a door opening-shaped section;
s4, building blocks, and arranging transverse seams 12 at intervals of 15-20 m along the axis of the dam; wherein the building block is a building block standard 20 or 1/2 building block standard 21;
s5, after the bottom building block is built, constructing dam foundation anchor bars 8 in the building blocks;
s6, constructing the upstream concrete panel 1 and the downstream concrete panel 4 until the dam crest preset elevation: firstly, binding a steel reinforcement framework, embedding panel anchor bars 9 in anchor cable holes 204 on the side faces of the building blocks, and pouring concrete after all the building blocks are ready;
s7, after the dam body is built to a height of 3-5 m, an anti-seepage curtain 6 and a dam foundation drain hole 7 can be constructed simultaneously;
s8, when the dam body of the building block is constructed to the preset elevation of the dam crest, pouring the dam crest component;
and S9, pouring the middle pier 10 and the side pier 11 on the overflow dam section on the overflow dam by adopting a reinforced concrete structure.
The dam crest member comprises a dam crest concrete protection layer and a wave wall; and pouring a reinforced concrete slab with the thickness of 20-30 cm at the dam top to serve as a concrete protective layer at the dam top.
A dismantling method of a detachable gravity dam comprises the steps of firstly chiseling concrete poured on the dam top and a downstream concrete panel 4, exposing building block standard parts 20 and 1/2 building block standard parts 21, dismantling angle irons 207 and anchor ropes 208 around the building block standard parts 20 or 1/2 building block standard parts 21, and then using a crane to lift the building block standard parts 20 and 1/2 building block standard parts 21 away to realize dismantling.
And the materials are removed row by row from the downstream to the upstream during removal.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the concrete building block is convenient for industrial production, the quality is easy to control, and temperature cracks can not occur; meanwhile, the quality of the prefabricated part is easy to detect, and if a problem occurs, the problem can be timely remedied, so that the engineering quality is improved.
2. The concrete blocks can be continuously built layer by layer comprehensively without the restriction of concrete cast-in-place construction, and the procedures of formwork erection, formwork removal, maintenance and the like are not needed, so the construction is simple and convenient, and the construction speed is high.
3. Because the construction speed is accelerated, the dam body engineering can realize the functions of retaining water and discharging flood in a short time, and the engineering quantity and cost of construction diversion can be greatly reduced.
4. The dam body mainly comprises building blocks, the building blocks are connected through bolts, the disassembly is convenient, and the disassembled building blocks can be recycled, so that the dam is economical and environment-friendly.
5. Because the building blocks are connected through the bolts, gaps exist among the building blocks, water seepage of the dam body can be drained, and the dam body can be free of drain pipes.
In conclusion, the invention can fully utilize the advantages of reliable quality and high construction efficiency of the prefabricated concrete member, reduce the temperature crack in the dam body, ensure the safety of the gravity dam, and simultaneously meet the requirement of convenient disassembly of the dam body, thereby being economic and environment-friendly.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a typical dam section of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a downstream elevational view of the dam of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a block standard of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an 1/2 block standard of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of the concave surface of a block standard of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic convex view of a block standard of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is an elevational view of a block standard of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of an angle iron of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic view of a cable bolt according to the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the block masonry of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a plan view of the block masonry of the present invention;
the reference numbers in the figures are: 1-upstream concrete panel, 2-block concrete, 3-drainage grouting gallery, 4-downstream concrete panel, 5-plain concrete cushion layer, 6-seepage-proofing curtain, 7-dam foundation drain hole, 8-dam foundation anchor bar, 9-panel anchor bar, 10-middle pier, 11-side pier, 12-transverse seam 12, 20-block standard component, 21-1/2 block standard component, 201-key tooth socket, 202-key tooth, 203-concave anchoring screw, 204-anchor cable hole, 205-hoisting hole, 206-side anchoring screw, 207-angle iron and 208-anchor cable.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the following figures and examples, without however restricting the scope of the invention thereto.
Example 1: as shown in fig. 1-11, a detachable gravity dam comprises a drainage grouting gallery 3, an anti-seepage curtain 6, a dam foundation drain hole 7, a middle pier 10, a side pier 11, a transverse seam 12, an upstream concrete panel 1, block concrete 2, a downstream concrete panel 4, a plain concrete cushion 5 and a dam foundation anchor bar 8;
the upstream concrete panel 1 and the downstream concrete panel 4 are respectively poured on the upper and the downstream sides of a dam body, the plain concrete cushion 5 is paved on a dam foundation, the detachable block concrete 2 is built on the plain concrete cushion 5, and the dam foundation anchor bars 8 are arranged in the hoisting holes 205 of the bottommost block concrete 2.
Further, the block concrete can be formed by connecting precast blocks through bolts according to a certain sequence; specifically, the following can be set: and the building block concrete 2 is constructed row by row layer by layer from the upstream to the downstream. The building block concrete 2 is assembled by building block standard parts 20 and 1/2 building block standard parts 21; the block standard parts 20 and 1/2 in the same layer are connected through anchor cables 208, and the block standard parts 20 and 1/2 between the upper layer and the lower layer are connected with the lower layer concave anchoring screw 203 through an upper layer lateral anchoring screw 206 by using angle irons 207.
Further, the block standard 20 may be configured to have a quadrangular prism shape (e.g., 3m × 1.5m × 1.5m in size), 1/2 the block standard 21 has a width half of that of the block standard 20 (e.g., 1/2 the block standard 21 can have size), the upper surfaces of the block standard 21 are configured to have concave key tooth sockets 201, the lower surfaces of the block standard 21 and the concave key tooth sockets 201 are configured to have convex key teeth 202, and the key tooth sockets 201 on the upper surfaces and the key teeth 202 on the lower surfaces have the same shape and size and can be nested with each other (e.g., 0.5m × 0.5m in size and width); 2 anchor cable holes 204 are arranged outwards in each key tooth socket 201 on the upper surface of the building block standard component 20, and the number of the anchor cable holes is 8; 4 concave anchoring screws 203 are arranged between the key tooth sockets 201 of the building block standard component 20; 2 side anchoring screws 206 are arranged at the lower part of each side of the building block standard component 20, the centers of the side anchoring screws 206 are aligned with the centers of the key teeth 202 on the lower surface, and 4 elliptical hoisting holes 205 are arranged at the centers of the key tooth sockets 201; each key tooth socket on the upper surface of the 1/2 building block standard component 21 is internally and externally provided with 3 anchor cable holes 204, and the number of the anchor cable holes is 6; 1/2 setting 1 concave anchoring screw 203 between key tooth socket 201 of building block standard 21; 1/2 building block standard 21 building block long side lower part sets up 2 side anchor screw 206, and the short side lower part sets up 1 side anchor screw 206, and side anchor screw 206 center aims at the key tooth 202 center of lower surface, sets up oval hoist hole 205 in every key tooth nest 201 center, totally 2.
Further, the block standard 20, 1/2 may be provided as a C15 concrete block standard 21.
Further, the angle iron 207 may be an L-shaped steel plate, the plate thickness is 25mm, and both wings of the plate are provided with circular holes.
Further, the anchor cable 208 may be a steel strand with a diameter of 30mm and screw rods at both ends.
Furthermore, the diameter of the concave anchoring screw 203 and the diameter of the side anchoring screw 206 are 30mm, the length of the concave anchoring screw is 40cm, one end of the concave anchoring screw 203 is welded with a steel plate and poured in the building block, and the other end of the concave anchoring screw 203 is exposed out of an anchoring hole on the upper surface of the building block; one end of the side anchoring screw rod 206 is welded with a steel plate and poured in the building block, and the other end of the side anchoring screw rod 206 is exposed in an anchoring hole on the upper side surface of the building block; wherein the block is block standard 20 or 1/2 block standard 21.
Further, the thickness of the upstream concrete panel 1 can be gradually thickened from the top of the dam to the bottom of the dam, the thickness of the top of the dam is 0.3m, and the thickness of the bottom of the dam is 0.5 m; the strength of the upstream concrete panel 1 is not lower than C25, and the impermeability grade is not lower than W8; the downstream concrete panel 4 of the non-overflow dam section is equal in thickness, the thickness is 20cm, and drain holes are formed in the panel at intervals; for the overflow dam section, the thickness of the downstream concrete panel 4 is 50cm, the thickness of the weir top and the downstream reverse arc section of the weir is thickened, and the concrete strength is not lower than C25.
Further, the drainage grouting gallery 3 can be arranged to be of a common reinforced concrete structure, the size can be about 2.5m × 3.5m, and concrete is filled between the drainage grouting gallery 3 and the building blocks; drainage holes are arranged on the side wall and the top arch of the drainage grouting gallery 3 at intervals; wherein the block is block standard 20 or 1/2 block standard 21.
Further, the thickness of the plain concrete cushion 5 may be set to 1 m.
Furthermore, the dam foundation anchor bars 8 can be arranged to penetrate into the foundation for 2m, and the diameter is 40 mm.
Further, the upstream concrete panel 1 and the downstream concrete panel 4 can be connected with the panel steel reinforcement framework through the panel anchor bars 9 arranged in the adjacent block concrete 2 and poured on the upstream side and the downstream side of the dam body respectively.
The middle pier 10 and the side piers 11 are poured on the overflow weir by adopting a reinforced concrete structure.
A construction method of a detachable gravity dam comprises the following steps:
s1, clearing the foundation, removing the riverbed alluvial layer to a designed elevation, and removing the slope lamination layers on the two sides of the dam axis;
s2, pouring a dam foundation element concrete cushion layer 5;
s3, constructing a drainage grouting gallery 3 with a door opening-shaped section;
s4, building blocks, and arranging transverse seams 12 at intervals of 15m along the axis of the dam; wherein the building block is a building block standard 20 or 1/2 building block standard 21;
s5, after the bottom building block is built, constructing dam foundation anchor bars 8 in the building blocks;
s6, constructing the upstream concrete panel 1 and the downstream concrete panel 4 until the dam crest preset elevation: firstly, binding a steel reinforcement framework, embedding panel anchor bars 9 in anchor cable holes 204 on the side faces of the building blocks, and pouring concrete after all the building blocks are ready;
s7, after the dam body is built to the height of 3m, an anti-seepage curtain 6 and a dam foundation drain hole 7 can be constructed at the same time;
s8, when the dam body of the building block is constructed to the preset elevation of the dam crest, pouring the dam crest component;
and S9, pouring the middle pier 10 and the side pier 11 on the overflow dam section on the overflow dam by adopting a reinforced concrete structure.
Further, the dam crest member may be provided with a dam crest concrete protection layer and a wave wall; and pouring a reinforced concrete slab with the thickness of 20cm at the dam top to serve as a dam top concrete protective layer.
A dismantling method of a detachable gravity dam comprises the steps of firstly chiseling concrete poured on the dam top and a downstream concrete panel 4, exposing building block standard parts 20 and 1/2 building block standard parts 21, dismantling angle irons 207 and anchor ropes 208 around the building block standard parts 20 or 1/2 building block standard parts 21, and then using a crane to lift the building block standard parts 20 and 1/2 building block standard parts 21 away to realize dismantling.
Further, it may be arranged that the removal is performed row by row from downstream to upstream.
Example 2: as shown in fig. 1-11, a detachable gravity dam comprises a drainage grouting gallery 3, an anti-seepage curtain 6, a dam foundation drain hole 7, a middle pier 10, a side pier 11, a transverse seam 12, an upstream concrete panel 1, block concrete 2, a downstream concrete panel 4, a plain concrete cushion 5 and a dam foundation anchor bar 8; the upstream concrete panel 1 and the downstream concrete panel 4 are respectively poured on the upper and the downstream sides of a dam body, the plain concrete cushion 5 is paved on a dam foundation, the detachable block concrete 2 is built on the plain concrete cushion 5, and the dam foundation anchor bars 8 are arranged in the hoisting holes 205 of the bottommost block concrete 2.
Further, the block concrete can be formed by connecting precast blocks through bolts according to a certain sequence; specifically, the following can be set: and the building block concrete 2 is constructed row by row layer by layer from the upstream to the downstream. The building block concrete 2 is assembled by building block standard parts 20 and 1/2 building block standard parts 21; the block standard parts 20 and 1/2 in the same layer are connected through anchor cables 208, and the block standard parts 20 and 1/2 between the upper layer and the lower layer are connected with the lower layer concave anchoring screw 203 through an upper layer lateral anchoring screw 206 by using angle irons 207.
Further, the block standard 20 can be designed to be in a quadrangular prism shape, the 1/2 block standard 21 has a width half of that of the block standard 20, the upper surfaces of the block standard 20 and the block standard 21 are provided with concave key tooth sockets 201, the lower surfaces of the block standard 21 and the block standard are provided with convex key teeth 202, and the key tooth sockets 201 on the upper surfaces and the key teeth 202 on the lower surfaces have the same shape and size and can be nested with each other; 2 anchor cable holes 204 are arranged outwards in each key tooth socket 201 on the upper surface of the building block standard component 20, and the number of the anchor cable holes is 8; 4 concave anchoring screws 203 are arranged between the key tooth sockets 201 of the building block standard component 20; 2 side anchoring screws 206 are arranged at the lower part of each side of the building block standard component 20, the centers of the side anchoring screws 206 are aligned with the centers of the key teeth 202 on the lower surface, and 4 elliptical hoisting holes 205 are arranged at the centers of the key tooth sockets 201; each key tooth socket on the upper surface of the 1/2 building block standard component 21 is internally and externally provided with 3 anchor cable holes 204, and the number of the anchor cable holes is 6; 1/2 setting 1 concave anchoring screw 203 between key tooth socket 201 of building block standard 21; 1/2 building block standard 21 building block long side lower part sets up 2 side anchor screw 206, and the short side lower part sets up 1 side anchor screw 206, and side anchor screw 206 center aims at the key tooth 202 center of lower surface, sets up oval hoist hole 205 in every key tooth nest 201 center, totally 2.
Further, the block standard 20, 1/2 may be provided as a C20 concrete block standard 21.
Further, the angle iron 207 may be an L-shaped steel plate, the plate thickness is 35mm, and both wings of the plate are provided with circular holes.
Further, the anchor cable 208 may be a steel strand with a diameter of 50mm and screw rods at both ends.
Further, the diameter of the concave anchoring screw 203 and the diameter of the side anchoring screw 206 are 50mm, the length of the concave anchoring screw is 60cm, one end of the concave anchoring screw 203 is welded with a steel plate and poured in the building block, and the other end of the concave anchoring screw 203 is exposed out of an anchoring hole on the upper surface of the building block; one end of the side anchoring screw rod 206 is welded with a steel plate and poured in the building block, and the other end of the side anchoring screw rod 206 is exposed in an anchoring hole on the upper side surface of the building block; wherein the block is block standard 20 or 1/2 block standard 21.
Further, the thickness of the upstream concrete panel 1 can be gradually thickened from the top of the dam to the bottom of the dam, the thickness of the top of the dam is 0.3m, and the thickness of the bottom of the dam is 1.5 m; the strength of the upstream concrete panel 1 is not lower than C25, and the impermeability grade is not lower than W8; the downstream concrete panel 4 of the non-overflow dam section is equal in thickness, the thickness is 20cm, and drain holes are formed in the panel at intervals; for the overflow dam section, the thickness of the downstream concrete panel 4 is 50cm, the thickness of the weir top and the downstream reverse arc section of the weir is thickened, and the concrete strength is not lower than C25.
Further, the drainage grouting gallery 3 can be arranged to adopt a common reinforced concrete structure, and concrete is filled between the drainage grouting gallery 3 and the building blocks; drainage holes are arranged on the side wall and the top arch of the drainage grouting gallery 3 at intervals; wherein the block is block standard 20 or 1/2 block standard 21.
Further, the thickness of the plain concrete cushion 5 may be set to be 2 m.
Furthermore, the dam foundation anchor bars 8 can be arranged to penetrate into the foundation by 3m and have the diameter of 50 mm.
Further, the upstream concrete panel 1 and the downstream concrete panel 4 can be connected with the panel steel reinforcement framework through the panel anchor bars 9 arranged in the adjacent block concrete 2 and poured on the upstream side and the downstream side of the dam body respectively.
Further, the middle pier 10 and the side piers 11 can be arranged to be cast on the overflow weir by using a reinforced concrete structure.
A construction method of a detachable gravity dam comprises the following steps:
s1, clearing the foundation, removing the riverbed alluvial layer to a designed elevation, and removing the slope lamination layers on the two sides of the dam axis;
s2, pouring a dam foundation element concrete cushion layer 5;
s3, constructing a drainage grouting gallery 3 with a door opening-shaped section;
s4, building blocks, and arranging transverse seams 12 at intervals of 20m along the axis of the dam; wherein the building block is a building block standard 20 or 1/2 building block standard 21;
s5, after the bottom building block is built, constructing dam foundation anchor bars 8 in the building blocks;
s6, constructing the upstream concrete panel 1 and the downstream concrete panel 4 until the dam crest preset elevation: firstly, binding a steel reinforcement framework, embedding panel anchor bars 9 in anchor cable holes 204 on the side faces of the building blocks, and pouring concrete after all the building blocks are ready;
s7, after the dam body is built to the height of 5m, an anti-seepage curtain 6 and a dam foundation drain hole 7 can be constructed at the same time;
s8, when the dam body of the building block is constructed to the preset elevation of the dam crest, pouring the dam crest component;
and S9, pouring the middle pier 10 and the side pier 11 on the overflow dam section on the overflow dam by adopting a reinforced concrete structure.
Further, the dam crest member may be provided with a dam crest concrete protection layer and a wave wall; and pouring a reinforced concrete slab with the thickness of 30cm at the dam top to serve as a dam top concrete protective layer.
A dismantling method of a detachable gravity dam comprises the steps of firstly chiseling concrete poured on the dam top and a downstream concrete panel 4, exposing building block standard parts 20 and 1/2 building block standard parts 21, dismantling angle irons 207 and anchor ropes 208 around the building block standard parts 20 or 1/2 building block standard parts 21, and then using a crane to lift the building block standard parts 20 and 1/2 building block standard parts 21 away to realize dismantling.
Further, it may be arranged that the removal is performed row by row from downstream to upstream.
While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention within the knowledge of those skilled in the art.
Claims (16)
1. The utility model provides a dismantlement formula gravity dam, includes drainage grout corridor (3), prevention of seepage curtain (6), dam foundation wash port (7), well mound (10), side mound (11), transverse joint (12), its characterized in that: the concrete dam comprises an upstream concrete panel (1), block concrete (2), a downstream concrete panel (4), a plain concrete cushion layer (5) and dam foundation anchor bars (8);
the upstream concrete panel (1) and the downstream concrete panel (4) are respectively poured on the upper side and the downstream side of a dam body, a plain concrete cushion layer (5) is paved on a dam foundation, detachable block concrete (2) is built on the plain concrete cushion layer (5), and anchor bars (8) of the dam foundation are arranged in hoisting holes (205) of the bottommost block concrete (2);
the building block concrete (2) is formed by assembling building block standard parts (20) and 1/2 building block standard parts (21); the building block standard parts (20) and 1/2 of the same layer are connected through anchor cables (208), and the building block standard parts (20) and 1/2 building block standard parts (21) between the upper layer and the lower layer are connected with the lower layer concave surface anchoring screw (203) through an upper layer lateral surface anchoring screw (206) by using angle iron (207);
the building block standard component (20) is in a quadrangular shape, the width of the 1/2 building block standard component (21) is half of that of the building block standard component (20), the upper surfaces of the 1/2 building block standard component and the 1/2 building block standard component are provided with concave key tooth sockets (201), the lower surfaces of the 1/2 building block standard component and the 1/2 building block standard component are provided with convex key teeth (202), the key tooth sockets (201) on the upper surfaces and the key teeth (202) on the lower surfaces are completely the same in shape and size and can be mutually;
2 anchor cable holes (204) are formed in each key tooth pit (201) on the upper surface of the building block standard component (20) outwards, and the number of the anchor cable holes is 8; 4 concave anchoring screws (203) are arranged between the key tooth sockets (201) of the building block standard component (20); 2 side anchoring screws (206) are arranged at the lower part of each side of the building block standard component (20), the centers of the side anchoring screws (206) are aligned to the centers of the key teeth (202) on the lower surface, and 4 elliptical hoisting holes (205) are arranged at the center of each key tooth socket (201);
each key tooth socket on the upper surface of the 1/2 building block standard component (21) is internally and externally provided with 3 anchor cable holes (204), and the number of the anchor cable holes is 6; 1/2 setting 1 concave anchoring screw rod (203) between key tooth sockets (201) of building block standard component (21); 1/2 building block standard component (21) building block long side face lower part sets up 2 side anchor screw rods (206), and short side face lower part sets up 1 side anchor screw rod (206), and side anchor screw rod (206) center aims at key tooth (202) center of lower surface, sets up oval hole for hoist (205) at every key tooth nest (201) center, totally 2.
2. The demountable gravity dam of claim 1, wherein: and the building of the block concrete (2) is constructed row by row layer by layer from the upstream to the downstream.
3. The demountable gravity dam of claim 1, wherein: the building block standard pieces (20) and 1/2 adopt C15 or C20 concrete as the building block standard pieces (21).
4. The demountable gravity dam of claim 1, wherein: the angle iron (207) is an L-shaped steel plate, the thickness of the plate is 25-35 mm, and round holes are formed in two wings of the plate.
5. The demountable gravity dam of claim 1, wherein: the anchor cable (208) is a steel strand, the diameter of the anchor cable is 30-50 mm, and screw rods are arranged at two ends of the anchor cable.
6. The demountable gravity dam of claim 1, wherein: the diameters of the concave anchoring screw rod (203) and the side anchoring screw rod (206) are 30-50 mm, the lengths of the concave anchoring screw rod and the side anchoring screw rod are 40-60 cm, one end of the concave anchoring screw rod (203) is welded with a steel plate and poured in the building block, and the other end of the concave anchoring screw rod (203) is exposed in an anchoring hole in the upper surface of the building block; one end of the side anchoring screw rod (206) is welded with a steel plate and poured in the building block, and the other end of the side anchoring screw rod (206) is exposed in an anchoring hole on the upper side surface of the building block; wherein the building block is a building block standard (20) or 1/2 building block standard (21).
7. The demountable gravity dam of claim 1, wherein: the thickness of the upstream concrete panel (1) is gradually thickened from the top of the dam to the bottom of the dam, the thickness of the top of the dam is 0.3m, and the thickness of the bottom of the dam is 0.5-1.5 m; the strength of the upstream concrete panel (1) is not lower than C25, and the impermeability grade is not lower than W8; taking the downstream concrete panel (4) of the non-overflow dam section to be of equal thickness, wherein the thickness is 20cm, and drain holes are arranged on the panel at intervals; for the overflow dam section, the thickness of the downstream concrete panel (4) is 50cm, the thickness of the reverse arc section at the top of the weir and the downstream of the weir is thickened, and the concrete strength is not lower than C25.
8. The demountable gravity dam of claim 1, wherein: the drainage grouting gallery (3) is of a common reinforced concrete structure, and concrete is filled between the drainage grouting gallery (3) and the building blocks; drainage holes are arranged on the side wall and the top arch of the drainage grouting gallery (3) at intervals; wherein the building block is a building block standard (20) or 1/2 building block standard (21).
9. The demountable gravity dam of claim 1, wherein: the thickness of the plain concrete cushion layer (5) is 1-2 m.
10. The demountable gravity dam of claim 1, wherein: the dam foundation anchor bars (8) penetrate into the foundation for 2-3 m, and the diameter is 40-50 mm.
11. The demountable gravity dam of claim 1, wherein: the upstream concrete panel (1) and the downstream concrete panel (4) are respectively connected with a panel steel reinforcement framework through panel anchor bars (9) arranged in the adjacent block concrete (2) and are poured on the upstream side and the downstream side of the dam body.
12. The demountable gravity dam of claim 1, wherein: the middle pier (10) and the side piers (11) are poured on the overflow weir by adopting a reinforced concrete structure.
13. A method of constructing a demountable gravity dam according to claim 1, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, clearing the foundation, removing the riverbed alluvial layer to a designed elevation, and removing the slope lamination layers on the two sides of the dam axis;
s2, pouring a dam foundation element concrete cushion layer (5);
s3, constructing a drainage grouting gallery (3) with a door opening-shaped section;
s4, building blocks, and arranging transverse seams (12) at intervals of 15-20 m along the axis of the dam; wherein the building block is a building block standard (20) or 1/2 building block standard (21);
s5, after the bottom building block is built, constructing dam foundation anchor bars (8) in the building blocks;
s6, constructing an upstream concrete panel (1) and a downstream concrete panel (4) until the dam crest reaches a preset elevation: firstly, binding a steel reinforcement framework, embedding panel anchor bars (9) in anchor cable holes (204) on the side faces of the building blocks, and pouring concrete after all the building blocks are ready;
s7, after the dam body is built to a height of 3-5 m, an anti-seepage curtain (6) and a dam foundation drain hole (7) can be constructed simultaneously;
s8, when the dam body of the building block is constructed to the preset elevation of the dam crest, pouring the dam crest component;
and S9, pouring the middle pier (10) and the side pier (11) on the overflow dam section on the overflow weir by adopting a reinforced concrete structure.
14. The method of constructing a demountable gravity dam of claim 13, wherein: the dam crest member comprises a dam crest concrete protection layer and a wave wall; and pouring a reinforced concrete slab with the thickness of 20-30 cm at the dam top to serve as a concrete protective layer at the dam top.
15. A method of demolishing a demountable gravity dam according to claim 1, wherein: firstly, chiseling concrete poured on the dam top and a downstream concrete panel (4), exposing a building block standard part (20) and an 1/2 building block standard part (21), disassembling angle irons (207) and anchor ropes (208) around the building block standard part (20) or 1/2 building block standard part (21), and then lifting the building block standard part (20) and the 1/2 building block standard part (21) by using a crane to realize disassembly.
16. A method of demolishing a demountable gravity dam according to claim 15, wherein: and the materials are removed row by row from the downstream to the upstream during removal.
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| CN110004885B (en) * | 2019-04-04 | 2023-10-27 | 昆明理工大学 | Overflow of full dam section and anchor rope fixed modularized combined retaining dam |
| CN110468795B (en) * | 2019-08-02 | 2021-04-09 | 昆明理工大学 | Fabricated concrete gravity dam based on laminated structure and construction method thereof |
| CN110939107A (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2020-03-31 | 中水北方勘测设计研究有限责任公司 | Prefabricated reinforced concrete door slot unit for roller compacted concrete dam and construction method of door slot |
| CN111139789A (en) * | 2020-01-13 | 2020-05-12 | 昆明理工大学 | Assembled tailing dam building and construction method thereof |
| CN114892607B (en) * | 2022-05-31 | 2023-01-31 | 昆明理工大学 | Assembled dam core wall structure and construction method thereof |
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| KR20130006222A (en) * | 2011-07-08 | 2013-01-16 | 권오준 | Method for constructing stone block of housing |
| CN204626333U (en) * | 2015-05-20 | 2015-09-09 | 李清华 | A kind of Novel portable structure of flood bank |
| CN205857134U (en) * | 2016-06-24 | 2017-01-04 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | A kind of economical mud-rock flow blocking dam structure |
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| KR20130006222A (en) * | 2011-07-08 | 2013-01-16 | 권오준 | Method for constructing stone block of housing |
| CN204626333U (en) * | 2015-05-20 | 2015-09-09 | 李清华 | A kind of Novel portable structure of flood bank |
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