CN108396711A - A kind of detachable gravity dam and its construction, method for dismounting - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a detachable gravity dam and its construction and removal methods, belonging to the technical field of hydraulic engineering. The invention includes drainage grouting corridor, anti-seepage curtain, dam foundation drainage hole, middle pier, side pier, transverse joint, and also includes upstream concrete panel, block concrete, downstream concrete panel, plain concrete cushion, dam foundation anchor bar; The block concrete is made of prefabricated blocks connected by bolts in a certain order; the upstream concrete panel and the downstream concrete panel are respectively poured on the upstream and downstream sides of the dam body, and the plain concrete cushion is laid on the dam foundation, and the plain concrete cushion Detachable block concrete is built on the top, and the anchor bars of the dam foundation are arranged in the hoisting holes of the bottom block concrete. The invention can make full use of the advantages of reliable quality and high construction efficiency of prefabricated concrete components, reduce the temperature cracks in the dam body, ensure the safety of the gravity dam, and meet the requirements of convenient disassembly of the dam body, which is economical and environmentally friendly.

Description

A kind of detachable gravity dam and its construction and removal method

technical field

The invention relates to a detachable gravity dam and its construction and removal methods, belonging to the technical field of hydraulic engineering.

Background technique

Traditional gravity dams are built by cast-in-place concrete. Since the cement in the concrete emits a large amount of heat of hydration during the hydration process, it is easy to cause large-volume concrete to form a large temperature difference with the external environment. Concrete develops cracks, thereby destroying the integrity of the concrete. In order to prevent such temperature cracks, not only artificial cooling, cooling, heat dissipation and other measures must be taken during construction, but also block and layer pouring must be adopted. The interval between two layers of pouring needs 5~10 days or longer , thus seriously affecting the construction speed. Due to the limited construction speed, the main dam body cannot realize the function of water retaining or flood discharge in a short period of time, so the level of construction diversion works has to be improved, thus greatly increasing the difficulty and cost of construction diversion. Precast concrete is widely used in civil engineering, but not so much in water conservancy engineering, and even less in dam building. Although there have been reports on prefabricated dams, such as the Puyi Dam, these dams are very low in height, and their methods cannot be simply and directly applied to the construction of high dams. Because of the current prefabricated dam body, the blocks are connected by cement mortar. Due to the limited thickness of the cement mortar, the bonding strength with the blocks is not high, and its shear resistance is obviously lower than that of the blocks. Therefore, Can not meet the construction of high dam. In addition, the current design of concrete gravity dams has not considered how to dismantle it, and how to deal with it after the dam's service period expires.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the problem that the traditional high-gravity dam is prone to temperature cracks, the temperature is strictly controlled during construction, the dam-building speed is low, and the problem of how to dismantle the dam body is not considered, the present invention proposes a detachable gravity dam and its construction, Dismantling method.

The technical solution of the present invention is: a detachable gravity dam, including a drainage grouting gallery 3, an anti-seepage curtain 6, a dam foundation drainage hole 7, a middle pier 10, a side pier 11, a transverse joint 12, and an upstream concrete panel 1, Block concrete 2, downstream concrete face plate 4, plain concrete cushion 5, dam foundation anchor bar 8;

The upstream concrete panel 1 and the downstream concrete panel 4 are respectively poured on the upstream and downstream sides of the dam body, a plain concrete cushion 5 is laid on the dam foundation, and a detachable block concrete 2 is built on the plain concrete cushion 5, and the dam foundation is anchored The ribs 8 are arranged in the hoisting holes 205 of the block concrete 2 at the bottom.

The block concrete 2 is constructed row by row and layer by layer from upstream to downstream.

The block concrete 2 is assembled by block standard parts 20 and 1/2 block standard parts 21; the block standard parts 20 and 1/2 block standard parts 21 of the same layer are connected by anchor cables 208, The block standard parts 20 and 1/2 block standard parts 21 between the upper and lower layers are connected with the lower layer concave anchor screw rods 203 through the upper layer side anchor screw rods 206 using angle irons 207 .

The block standard part 20 adopts a quadrangular prism shape, and the width of 1/2 block standard part 21 is half of the block standard part 20. The upper surface of the two is provided with a concave key tooth socket 201, and the lower surface of the two is provided with a convex Out of the key teeth 202, the key tooth socket 201 on the upper surface and the key tooth 202 on the lower surface are exactly the same in shape and size and can be nested with each other;

Each key socket 201 on the upper surface of the block standard part 20 is provided with 2 anchor holes 204, a total of 8; a concave anchor screw 203 is arranged between the key tooth sockets 201 of the block standard part 20, a total of 4 Two side anchoring screw rods 206 are arranged at the lower part of each side of the block standard part 20, and the center of the side anchoring screw rods 206 is aligned with the center of the key tooth 202 on the lower surface, and an oval hoisting hole 205 is arranged at the center of each key tooth socket 201. 4 indivual;

3 anchor cable holes 204 are set outward in each key tooth socket on the upper surface of the 1/2 block standard part 21, a total of 6; 1 is set between the key tooth sockets 201 of the 1/2 block standard part 21 Concave anchoring screw 203; 1/2 block standard part 21 is provided with two side anchoring screws 206 on the lower side of the long side of the block, and one side anchoring screw 206 is set on the lower side of the short side, and the center of the side anchoring screw 206 is aligned with the key on the lower surface At the center of the tooth 202, an oval hoisting hole 205 is provided at the center of each tooth socket 201, a total of 2.

The block standard part 20 and 1/2 block standard part 21 adopt C15 or C20 concrete.

The angle iron 207 is an L-shaped steel plate with a thickness of 25-35mm, and round holes are opened on the two wings of the plate.

The anchor cable 208 is a steel strand with a diameter of 30-50 mm and screw rods at both ends.

The diameter of the concave anchor screw 203 and the side anchor screw 206 is 30-50 mm, and the length is 40-60 cm. One end of the concave anchor screw 203 is welded with a steel plate and poured into the block, and the other end of the concave anchor screw 203 is exposed on the block. In the anchor hole on the upper surface; one end of the side anchor screw 206 is welded with a steel plate and poured in the block, and the other end of the side anchor screw 206 is exposed in the anchor hole on the upper side of the block; the block is a block standard part 20 or 1 /2 block standard parts 21.

The thickness of the upstream concrete panel 1 gradually increases from the top to the bottom of the dam, the thickness of the dam top is 0.3m, and the thickness of the dam bottom is 0.5~1.5m; the strength of the upstream concrete panel 1 is not lower than C25, and the impermeability level is not lower than W8 ; For the downstream concrete face plate 4 of the non-overflow dam section, the thickness is equal to 20cm, and drainage holes are arranged at intervals on the plate; Thickened, the concrete strength is not lower than C25.

The drainage and grouting corridor 3 adopts ordinary reinforced concrete structure, and concrete is filled between the drainage and grouting corridor 3 and the blocks; the side walls and the top arch of the drainage and grouting corridor 3 are provided with drainage holes at intervals; the blocks are block standard parts 20 or 1/2 block standard pieces 21.

The thickness of the plain concrete cushion layer 5 is 1-2m.

The dam foundation anchor bar 8 is 2-3m deep into the foundation, and has a diameter of 40-50mm.

The upstream concrete panel 1 and the downstream concrete panel 4 are respectively poured on the upstream and downstream sides of the dam body through the connection of the panel anchor bar 9 arranged in the adjacent block concrete 2 to the panel reinforcement skeleton.

The middle pier 10 and the side pier 11 are poured on the overflow weir with a reinforced concrete structure.

A construction method for a dismantled gravity dam, comprising the steps of:

S1. Clear the foundation, remove the alluvial layer of the riverbed to the design elevation, and remove the slope layer on both sides of the dam axis;

S2, pouring the dam foundation element concrete cushion 5;

S3. Construction drainage and grouting corridor 3, doorway-shaped section;

S4, block masonry, set transverse joints 12 at intervals of 15-20m along the axis of the dam; the blocks are block standard parts 20 or 1/2 block standard parts 21;

S5, after the lowest floor block is built, then construct the dam foundation anchor bar 8 in the block;

S6. Construct the upstream concrete panel 1 and the downstream concrete panel 4 until the predetermined height of the dam crest: first bind the reinforcement skeleton, and bury the panel anchor bar 9 in the anchor cable hole 204 on the side of the block, and pour the concrete after everything is ready ;

S7, when the dam body is built to a height of 3-5m, the anti-seepage curtain 6 and the dam foundation drainage hole 7 can be constructed simultaneously;

S8, when the block dam body is constructed to the predetermined height of the dam crest, then pour the dam crest components;

S9. The middle pier 10 and the side pier 11 on the overflow dam section are poured on the overflow weir with a reinforced concrete structure.

The crest components include a crest concrete protective layer and a wave wall; a 20-30 cm thick reinforced concrete slab is poured on the dam crest as the dam crest concrete protective layer.

A dismantling method of a dismountable gravity dam, firstly, the concrete poured on the top of the dam and the downstream concrete face plate 4 are cut open to expose the block standard part 20 and 1/2 block standard part 21, and the block standard part 20 or 1/2 2 The angle iron 207 and the anchor cable 208 around the block standard part 21 can be hoisted away by a crane to remove the block standard part 20 and 1/2 block standard part 21.

When dismantling, it is removed row by row from downstream to upstream.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1. Concrete blocks are convenient for factory production, the quality is easy to control, and there will be no temperature cracks; at the same time, the quality of prefabricated parts is easy to inspect, and any problems can be made up in time, thereby improving the quality of the project.

2. Concrete blocks can be built continuously layer by layer without being restricted by concrete pouring on site, and do not need to formwork, formwork removal, maintenance and other processes, and are less affected by the climate, so the construction is simple and the construction speed is fast .

3. Due to the accelerated construction speed, the main project of the dam can realize the functions of water retaining and flood discharge in a short time, which can greatly reduce the engineering volume and cost of construction diversion.

4. The dam body is mainly composed of blocks. The blocks are connected by bolts, which is easy to disassemble. The disassembled blocks can be recycled and reused, which is economical and environmentally friendly.

5. Since the blocks are connected by bolts, there are gaps between the blocks to drain the seepage of the dam body, and the dam body may not be provided with a drainpipe.

In summary, the invention can make full use of the advantages of reliable quality and high construction efficiency of prefabricated concrete components, reduce the temperature cracks in the dam body, ensure the safety of the gravity dam, and at the same time meet the convenience of disassembly of the dam body, which is economical and environmentally friendly.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a typical dam section schematic diagram of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the vertical view of the downstream of the dam of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the block schematic diagram of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of 1/2 block standard part of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is the concave schematic diagram of block standard part of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of the convex surface of block standard part of the present invention;

Fig. 7 is the vertical view of block standard part of the present invention;

Fig. 8 is the angle iron schematic diagram of the present invention;

Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the anchor cable of the present invention;

Fig. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a block masonry of the present invention;

Fig. 11 is a block masonry plan view of the present invention;

The labels in the figure are: 1-upstream concrete panel, 2-block concrete, 3-drainage grouting corridor, 4-downstream concrete panel, 5-plain concrete cushion, 6-seepage-proof curtain, 7-dam foundation drainage hole, 8-dam foundation anchor bar, 9-face plate anchor bar, 10-middle pier, 11-side pier, 12-transverse joint 12, 20-block standard part, 21-1/2 block standard part, 201-key socket , 202-key tooth, 203-concave anchor screw, 204-anchor cable hole, 205-hoisting hole, 206-side anchor screw, 207-angle iron, 208-anchor cable.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but the content of the present invention is not limited to the stated scope.

Embodiment 1: As shown in Figure 1-11, a detachable gravity dam includes drainage grouting corridor 3, anti-seepage curtain 6, dam foundation drainage hole 7, middle pier 10, side pier 11, transverse joint 12, and also includes Upstream concrete face 1, block concrete 2, downstream concrete face 4, plain concrete cushion 5, dam foundation anchor bars 8;

The upstream concrete panel 1 and the downstream concrete panel 4 are respectively poured on the upstream and downstream sides of the dam body, a plain concrete cushion 5 is laid on the dam foundation, and a detachable block concrete 2 is built on the plain concrete cushion 5, and the dam foundation is anchored The ribs 8 are arranged in the hoisting holes 205 of the block concrete 2 at the bottom.

Further, it can be set that the block concrete is made of prefabricated blocks connected by bolts in a certain order; specifically, it can be set that: the block concrete 2 is constructed row by row from upstream to downstream. The block concrete 2 is assembled by block standard parts 20 and 1/2 block standard parts 21; the block standard parts 20 and 1/2 block standard parts 21 of the same layer are connected by anchor cables 208, The block standard parts 20 and 1/2 block standard parts 21 between the upper and lower layers are connected with the lower layer concave anchor screw rods 203 through the upper layer side anchor screw rods 206 using angle irons 207 .

Further, it can be set that the block standard part 20 adopts a quadrangular prism shape (for example, the size is 3m×1.5m×1.5m), and the width of 1/2 block standard part 21 is half of the block standard part 20 (such as 1 /2 block standard part 21 size is optional), the upper surface of the two is provided with a concave tooth socket 201, and the lower surface of the two is provided with a protruding key tooth 202, the key tooth socket 201 on the upper surface and the key tooth 202 on the lower surface The shape and size are exactly the same and can be nested with each other (for example, the size, length and width can be 0.5m×0.5m); each key tooth socket 201 on the upper surface of the block standard part 20 is provided with 2 anchor holes 204 inside and outside, a total of 8 Concave anchoring screw rods 203 are arranged between the key tooth sockets 201 of the block standard part 20, a total of 4; two side anchoring screw rods 206 are arranged at the lower part of each side of the block standard part 20, and the center of the side anchoring screw rods 206 is aligned with the lower surface At the center of the key tooth 202, a total of 4 elliptical hoisting holes 205 are set in the center of each key tooth socket 201; 3 anchor holes are set outward in each key tooth socket on the upper surface of the 1/2 block standard part 21 204, 6 in total; 1 concave anchor screw 203 is set between the key tooth sockets 201 of 1/2 block standard part 21; 2 side anchor screw rods 206 are set at the lower part of the long side of 1/2 block standard part 21 , a side anchoring screw 206 is arranged at the lower part of the side of the short side, the center of the side anchoring screw 206 is aligned with the center of the key tooth 202 on the lower surface, and an oval hoisting hole 205 is set at the center of each key tooth socket 201, a total of 2.

Further, it can be set that the block standard part 20 and 1/2 block standard part 21 adopt C15 concrete.

Further, the angle iron 207 can be set as an L-shaped steel plate with a thickness of 25 mm, and round holes are opened on both wings of the plate.

Further, the anchor cable 208 can be set as a steel strand with a diameter of 30 mm and screw rods at both ends.

Further, the concave anchor screw 203 and the side anchor screw 206 can be set to have a diameter of 30 mm and a length of 40 cm. One end of the concave anchor screw 203 is welded with a steel plate and poured into the block, and the other end of the concave anchor screw 203 is exposed on the block. In the anchor hole on the upper surface of the block; one end of the side anchor screw 206 is welded with a steel plate and poured in the block, and the other end of the side anchor screw 206 is exposed in the anchor hole on the upper side of the block; the block is a block standard part 20 or 1/2 block standard 21.

Further, the thickness of the upstream concrete panel 1 can be set to gradually thicken from the crest to the bottom of the dam, the thickness of the dam crest is 0.3m, and the thickness of the dam bottom is 0.5m; the strength of the upstream concrete panel 1 is not lower than C25, and the impermeability level is not lower than lower than W8; for the non-overflow dam section, the thickness of the downstream concrete panel 4 is equal to 20cm, and drainage holes are arranged at intervals on the panel; The thickness of the arc section is thickened, and the concrete strength is not lower than C25.

Further, the drainage grouting corridor 3 can be set to adopt an ordinary reinforced concrete structure, and the size can be about 2.5m×3.5m, and concrete is filled between the drainage grouting corridor 3 and the blocks; the side walls and the top of the drainage grouting corridor 3 Drainage holes are arranged at intervals in the arch; the blocks are block standard parts 20 or 1/2 block standard parts 21.

Further, the thickness of the plain concrete cushion layer 5 can be set to be 1m.

Further, the dam foundation anchor bar 8 can be set to be 2m deep into the foundation, with a diameter of 40mm.

Further, the upstream concrete panel 1 and the downstream concrete panel 4 can be set to be poured on the upstream and downstream sides of the dam body through the panel anchor bars 9 arranged in the adjacent block concrete 2 to connect with the panel steel skeleton.

The middle pier 10 and the side pier 11 are poured on the overflow weir with a reinforced concrete structure.

A construction method for a dismantled gravity dam, comprising the steps of:

S1. Clear the foundation, remove the alluvial layer of the riverbed to the design elevation, and remove the slope layer on both sides of the dam axis;

S2, pouring the dam foundation element concrete cushion 5;

S3. Construction drainage and grouting corridor 3, doorway-shaped section;

S4, block masonry, set transverse joints 12 at intervals of 15m along the axis of the dam; the blocks are block standard parts 20 or 1/2 block standard parts 21;

S5, after the lowest floor block is built, then construct the dam foundation anchor bar 8 in the block;

S6. Construct the upstream concrete panel 1 and the downstream concrete panel 4 until the predetermined height of the dam crest: first bind the reinforcement skeleton, and bury the panel anchor bar 9 in the anchor cable hole 204 on the side of the block, and pour the concrete after everything is ready ;

S7, when the dam body is built to a height of 3m, the anti-seepage curtain 6 and the dam foundation drainage hole 7 can be constructed simultaneously;

S8, when the block dam body is constructed to the predetermined height of the dam crest, then pour the dam crest components;

S9. The middle pier 10 and the side pier 11 on the overflow dam section are poured on the overflow weir with a reinforced concrete structure.

Further, the dam crest member may be set to include a crest concrete protective layer and a wave wall; a 20cm thick reinforced concrete slab is poured on the dam crest as the dam crest concrete protective layer.

A dismantling method of a dismountable gravity dam, firstly, the concrete poured on the top of the dam and the downstream concrete face plate 4 are cut open to expose the block standard part 20 and 1/2 block standard part 21, and the block standard part 20 or 1/2 2 The angle iron 207 and the anchor cable 208 around the block standard part 21 can be hoisted away by a crane to remove the block standard part 20 and 1/2 block standard part 21.

Further, it can be set to dismantle row by row and layer by row from downstream to upstream during dismantling.

Embodiment 2: As shown in Figure 1-11, a detachable gravity dam includes drainage grouting corridor 3, anti-seepage curtain 6, dam foundation drainage hole 7, middle pier 10, side pier 11, transverse joint 12, and also includes Upstream concrete panel 1, block concrete 2, downstream concrete panel 4, plain concrete cushion 5, dam foundation anchor bars 8; the upstream concrete panel 1 and downstream concrete panel 4 are respectively poured on the upstream and downstream sides of the dam body, and the plain concrete Cushion layer 5 is paved on the dam foundation, and detachable block concrete 2 is built on the plain concrete cushion layer 5 , and anchor bar 8 of the dam foundation is arranged in the hoisting hole 205 of the bottom block concrete 2 .

Further, it can be set that the block concrete is made of prefabricated blocks connected by bolts in a certain order; specifically, it can be set that: the block concrete 2 is constructed row by row from upstream to downstream. The block concrete 2 is assembled by block standard parts 20 and 1/2 block standard parts 21; the block standard parts 20 and 1/2 block standard parts 21 of the same layer are connected by anchor cables 208, The block standard parts 20 and 1/2 block standard parts 21 between the upper and lower layers are connected with the lower layer concave anchor screw rods 203 through the upper layer side anchor screw rods 206 using angle irons 207 .

Further, it can be set that the block standard part 20 adopts a quadrangular prism shape, and the width of 1/2 block standard part 21 is half of the block standard part 20, and the upper surface of the two is provided with a concave key tooth socket 201, two Or the lower surface is provided with protruding teeth 202, and the shape and size of the teeth 201 on the upper surface and the teeth 202 on the lower surface are exactly the same and can be nested with each other; each tooth socket on the upper surface of the block standard part 20 There are 2 anchor cable holes 204 inside and outside of 201, 8 in total; concave anchor screw rods 203 are set between the key tooth sockets 201 of block standard part 20, 4 in total; 2 side faces are set at the lower part of each side of block standard part 20 Anchor screw 206, the center of side anchor screw 206 is aligned with the center of the key teeth 202 on the lower surface, and a total of 4 oval hoisting holes 205 are set in the center of each key tooth socket 201; the upper surface of the 1/2 block standard part 21 3 anchor cable holes 204 are set outward in each key tooth socket, a total of 6; 1/2 block standard part 21 is provided with a concave anchor screw 203 between the key tooth sockets 201; 1/2 block standard part 21 Two side anchoring screws 206 are set on the lower side of the long side of the block, and one side anchoring screw 206 is set on the lower side of the short side. There are 2 oval hoisting holes 205 in total.

Further, it can be set that the block standard part 20 and 1/2 block standard part 21 adopt C20 concrete.

Further, the angle iron 207 can be set as an L-shaped steel plate with a thickness of 35mm, and round holes are opened on both wings of the plate.

Further, the anchor cable 208 can be set as a steel strand with a diameter of 50 mm and screw rods at both ends.

Further, the concave anchoring screw 203 and the side anchoring screw 206 can be set to have a diameter of 50 mm and a length of 60 cm. One end of the concave anchoring screw 203 is welded with a steel plate and poured into the block, and the other end of the concave anchoring screw 203 is exposed on the masonry. In the anchor hole on the upper surface of the block; one end of the side anchor screw 206 is welded with a steel plate and poured in the block, and the other end of the side anchor screw 206 is exposed in the anchor hole on the upper side of the block; the block is a block standard part 20 or 1/2 block standard 21.

Further, the thickness of the upstream concrete panel 1 can be set to gradually thicken from the crest to the bottom of the dam, the thickness of the dam crest is 0.3m, and the thickness of the dam bottom is 1.5m; the strength of the upstream concrete panel 1 is not lower than C25, and the impermeability level is not lower than lower than W8; for the non-overflow dam section, the thickness of the downstream concrete panel 4 is equal to 20cm, and drainage holes are arranged at intervals on the panel; The thickness of the arc section is thickened, and the concrete strength is not lower than C25.

Further, the drainage grouting corridor 3 can be set to adopt an ordinary reinforced concrete structure, and concrete is filled between the drainage grouting corridor 3 and the blocks; drainage holes are arranged at intervals between the side walls and the top arch of the drainage grouting corridor 3; It is block standard part 20 or 1/2 block standard part 21.

Further, the thickness of the plain concrete cushion 5 can be set to be 2m.

Further, the dam foundation anchor bar 8 can be set to be 3m deep into the foundation, with a diameter of 50mm.

Further, the upstream concrete panel 1 and the downstream concrete panel 4 can be set to be poured on the upstream and downstream sides of the dam body through the panel anchor bars 9 arranged in the adjacent block concrete 2 to connect with the panel steel skeleton.

Further, the middle pier 10 and the side pier 11 can be set to be poured on the overflow weir with a reinforced concrete structure.

A construction method for a dismantled gravity dam, comprising the steps of:

S1. Clear the foundation, remove the alluvial layer of the riverbed to the design elevation, and remove the slope layer on both sides of the dam axis;

S2, pouring the dam foundation element concrete cushion 5;

S3. Construction drainage and grouting corridor 3, doorway-shaped section;

S4, block masonry, set transverse joints 12 at intervals of 20m along the axis of the dam; the blocks are block standard parts 20 or 1/2 block standard parts 21;

S5, after the lowest floor block is built, then construct the dam foundation anchor bar 8 in the block;

S6. Construct the upstream concrete panel 1 and the downstream concrete panel 4 until the predetermined height of the dam crest: first bind the reinforcement skeleton, and bury the panel anchor bar 9 in the anchor cable hole 204 on the side of the block, and pour the concrete after everything is ready ;

S7, when the dam body is built to a height of 5m, the anti-seepage curtain 6 and the dam foundation drainage hole 7 can be constructed simultaneously;

S8, when the block dam body is constructed to the predetermined height of the dam crest, then pour the dam crest components;

S9. The middle pier 10 and the side pier 11 on the overflow dam section are poured on the overflow weir with a reinforced concrete structure.

Further, the crest member may be set to include a crest concrete protection layer and a wave wall; a 30cm thick reinforced concrete slab is poured on the dam crest as the dam crest concrete protection layer.

A dismantling method of a dismountable gravity dam, firstly, the concrete poured on the top of the dam and the downstream concrete face plate 4 are cut open to expose the block standard part 20 and 1/2 block standard part 21, and the block standard part 20 or 1/2 2 The angle iron 207 and the anchor cable 208 around the block standard part 21 can be hoisted away by a crane to remove the block standard part 20 and 1/2 block standard part 21.

Further, it can be set to dismantle row by row and layer by row from downstream to upstream during dismantling.

The specific implementation of the present invention has been described in detail above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned implementation, within the knowledge of those of ordinary skill in the art, it can also be made without departing from the gist of the present invention. Variations.

Claims (18)

1. A detachable gravity dam, including drainage grouting corridor (3), anti-seepage curtain (6), dam foundation drainage hole (7), middle pier (10), side pier (11), transverse joint (12), It is characterized in that it also includes upstream concrete face (1), block concrete (2), downstream concrete face (4), plain concrete cushion (5), and dam foundation anchor bars (8); The upstream concrete panel (1) and the downstream concrete panel (4) are respectively poured on the upstream and downstream sides of the dam body, the plain concrete cushion (5) is paved on the dam foundation, and the plain concrete cushion (5) is built with detachable masonry The block concrete (2) of the dam foundation is arranged in the hoisting hole (205) of the bottom block concrete (2). 2. The detachable gravity dam according to claim 1, characterized in that: the block concrete (2) is constructed row by row and layer by layer from upstream to downstream. 3. The detachable gravity dam according to claim 1, characterized in that: the block concrete (2) is assembled from block standard parts (20) and 1/2 block standard parts (21); The block standard parts (20) and 1/2 block standard parts (21) of the first floor are connected by anchor cables (208), and the block standard parts (20) and 1/2 block standard parts between the upper and lower layers The piece (21) is connected with the lower concave anchor screw (203) by means of an angle iron (207) through the upper side anchor screw (206). 4. The detachable gravity dam according to claim 3, characterized in that: the block standard part (20) adopts a quadrangular prism shape, and the width of 1/2 block standard part (21) is the block standard part ( 20), the upper surface of the two is provided with a concave key tooth socket (201), and the lower surface of the two is provided with a protruding key tooth (202). The key tooth socket (201) on the upper surface and the key tooth on the lower surface ( 202) The shapes and sizes are exactly the same and can be nested with each other; Each key socket (201) on the upper surface of the block standard part (20) is provided with 2 anchor cable holes (204) inside and outside, totaling 8; the key tooth socket (201) of the block standard part (20) There are 4 concave anchoring screws (203) between them; 2 side anchoring screws (206) are set on the lower part of each side of the standard block (20), and the center of the side anchoring screws (206) is aligned with the key teeth on the lower surface ( 202) center, a total of 4 oval hoisting holes (205) are set in the center of each key tooth socket (201); 3 anchor cable holes (204) are set outward in each key socket on the upper surface of the 1/2 block standard part (21), a total of 6; the key tooth socket of the 1/2 block standard part (21) Set one concave anchor screw (203) between (201); set two side anchor screws (206) on the lower side of the long side of the 1/2 block standard (21), and set one side anchor on the lower side of the short side The screw rod (206), the center of the side anchor screw rod (206) is aligned with the center of the key tooth (202) on the lower surface, and an oval hoisting hole (205) is provided in the center of each key tooth socket (201), 2 in total. 5. The detachable gravity dam according to claim 3, characterized in that: the block standard parts (20) and 1/2 block standard parts (21) are made of C15 or C20 concrete. 6. The detachable gravity dam according to claim 3, characterized in that: the angle iron (207) is an L-shaped steel plate with a thickness of 25-35mm, and round holes are opened on the two wings of the plate. 7. The detachable gravity dam according to claim 3, characterized in that: the anchor cable (208) is a steel strand with a diameter of 30-50 mm and screw rods at both ends. 8. The detachable gravity dam according to claim 4, characterized in that: the concave anchoring screw (203) and the side anchoring screw (206) have a diameter of 30-50 mm, a length of 40-60 cm, and the concave anchoring screw (203) One end is welded with a steel plate and poured in the block, the other end of the concave anchor screw (203) is exposed in the anchor hole on the upper surface of the block; one end of the side anchor screw (206) is welded with a steel plate and poured in the block, the side The other end of the anchor screw (206) is exposed in the anchor hole on the upper side of the block; wherein the block is a block standard part (20) or a 1/2 block standard part (21). 9. The dismountable gravity dam according to claim 1, characterized in that: the thickness of the upstream concrete panel (1) gradually increases from the crest to the bottom of the dam, the thickness of the dam crest is 0.3m, and the thickness of the dam bottom is 0.5~ 1.5m; the strength of the upstream concrete face (1) is not lower than C25, and the impermeability grade is not lower than W8; for the downstream concrete face (4) of the non-overflow dam section, the thickness is equal to 20cm, and drainage holes are arranged at intervals on the plate; For the overflow dam section, the thickness of the downstream concrete face plate (4) is 50cm, and the thickness of the weir crest and the downstream anti-arc section of the weir is thickened, and the concrete strength is not lower than C25. 10. The detachable gravity dam according to claim 1, characterized in that: the drainage grouting corridor (3) adopts a common reinforced concrete structure, and concrete is filled between the drainage grouting corridor (3) and the blocks; drainage Drainage holes are arranged at intervals on the side wall and the top arch of the grouting corridor (3); the blocks are block standard parts (20) or 1/2 block standard parts (21). 11. The detachable gravity dam according to claim 1, characterized in that: the plain concrete cushion (5) has a thickness of 1-2m. 12. The detachable gravity dam according to claim 1, characterized in that: the dam foundation anchor bar (8) is 2-3m deep into the foundation, and has a diameter of 40-50mm. 13. The detachable gravity dam according to claim 1, characterized in that: the upstream concrete panel (1) and the downstream concrete panel (4) respectively arrange panel anchor bars through their adjacent block concrete (2) ( 9) It is connected with the steel skeleton of the face plate and poured on the upstream and downstream sides of the dam body. 14. The detachable gravity dam according to claim 1, characterized in that: the middle pier (10) and side pier (11) are poured on the overflow weir with a reinforced concrete structure. 15. A construction method for a dismountable gravity dam, characterized in that: comprising the steps of: S1. Clear the foundation, remove the alluvial layer of the riverbed to the design elevation, and remove the slope layer on both sides of the dam axis; S2. Pouring the dam foundation element concrete cushion (5); S3. Construction drainage grouting corridor (3), door-shaped section; S4, block masonry, set transverse joints (12) at intervals of 15-20m along the dam axis; the blocks are block standard parts (20) or 1/2 block standard parts (21); S5, after the bottom block is built, the dam foundation anchor reinforcement (8) in the block is constructed; S6. Construct the upstream concrete panel (1) and the downstream concrete panel (4) until the predetermined elevation of the dam crest: first bind the reinforcement skeleton, and bury the panel anchor bar (9) in the anchor cable hole (204) on the side of the block, Concrete can be poured when everything is ready; S7. When the dam body is built to a height of 3-5m, the anti-seepage curtain (6) and the dam foundation drainage hole (7) can be constructed at the same time; S8, when the block dam body is constructed to the predetermined height of the dam crest, then pour the dam crest components; S9. The middle pier (10) and the side pier (11) on the overflow dam section are poured on the overflow weir with a reinforced concrete structure. 16. The construction method of the dismountable gravity dam according to claim 15, characterized in that: the crest member comprises a crest concrete protective layer and a wave wall; the crest is poured with a 20-30cm thick reinforced concrete slab as the crest concrete cover. 17. A dismantling method for a dismountable gravity dam, characterized in that: firstly, the concrete poured on the dam crest and the downstream concrete panel (4) are cut open to expose the block standard parts (20), 1/2 block standard parts (21 ), remove the angle iron (207) and anchor cable (208) around the block standard part (20) or 1/2 block standard part (21), that is, the block standard part (20), 1/2 2 block standard parts (21) are hoisted away to realize demolition. 18. The method for dismantling a detachable gravity dam according to claim 17, characterized in that: when dismantling, it is dismantled row by row from downstream to upstream.