CN108396550A - 基于蚕丝的复合纤维及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于蚕丝的复合纤维及其制备方法,由蚕丝纤维/聚酯纤维复合纤维构成;复合纤维经过盐酸改性后再进行防水处理得到。有益效果为:KH-550-SiO2溶液和PHV先后对稀盐酸改性后的复合纤维进行处理,复合纤维中的部分羟基和部分羧基被氨丙基、氨基等活性基团取代,PHV和纳米粒子KH-550-SiO2定向排列于复合纤维表面,形成一层致密均匀的防水薄膜。得到的改性蚕丝纤维/聚酯纤维复合纤维表面静态接触角为148°~152°,5次皂洗后为142°~145°,原因是天冬氨酸二甲酯盐酸盐和二甘醇提高了PHV和纳米粒子KH-550-SiO2在复合纤维表面的粘附力,使复合纤维保持优异的防水性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及复合纤维的制备技术领域,具体是一种基于蚕丝的复合纤维及其制备方法。
背景技术
蚕丝是人类最早利用的天然蛋白质之一,具有较高的强度和出色的弹性。因其具有良好的吸湿性、柔软的手感、华丽的外观及优雅的光泽等性能而深受消费者的青睐,被誉为“纤维皇后”。然而,由于蚕丝及其制品在穿着和洗涤过程中存在易泛黄、不耐磨及难打理等缺点,很大程度上影响了产品的穿着使用。为使丝绸产品更具有竞争力,必须对蚕丝纤维及其制品进行改性。
聚酯纤维(polyester fibre juzhi xiɑnwei)是由有机二元酸和二元醇缩聚而成的聚酯经纺丝所得的合成纤维。1941年,英国的J.R.温菲尔德和J.T.迪克森以对苯二甲酸和乙二醇为原料在实验室内首先研制成功聚酯纤维,工业化大量生产的聚酯纤维是用聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯制成的,中国的商品名为涤纶。
聚酯纤维是当前合成纤维的第一大品种,主要用于衣着和室内装饰。短纤维可以纯纺,也可与天然纤维及其他化学纤维混纺;长丝可加工制得弹力丝,也可制轮胎帘子线、工业绳索、传动带、滤布及渔网等,还可用作电绝缘材料以及制备人造血管等。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种耐洗,具有优异防水性能的基于蚕丝的复合纤维。
为实现上述目的,本发明采取的方案为:基于蚕丝的复合纤维,由蚕丝纤维/聚酯纤维复合纤维构成;复合纤维经过盐酸改性后再进行防水处理得到。
基于蚕丝的复合纤维的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)将蚕丝纤维和聚酯纤维按照2~5:1混合,然后将熔体在220~250℃下从喷丝头的喷丝孔压出,在水中冷却凝固成丝,得复合纤维;
2)将复合纤维置于体积分数为5~8%的稀盐酸溶液中进行改性。稀盐酸处理后的复合纤维表面变得粗糙,表面活性基团如羟基数量增加;
3)将改性后的复合纤维置于KH-550-SiO2溶胶配置的质量分数为1.7~2.3%的溶液中,二浸二轧,于90~110℃条件下烘干处理3~7min,再置于PHV溶液中二浸二轧,于90~110℃条件下烘干处理8~15min,得到改性蚕丝纤维/聚酯纤维复合纤维。
PHV溶液的溶剂为100份乙酸乙酯,溶质为0.4~0.7份PHV、0.01~0.03份天冬氨酸二甲酯盐酸盐和0.3~0.6份二甘醇。天冬氨酸二甲酯盐酸盐的组成为85~90%L-天冬氨酸二甲酯盐酸盐和10~15%D-天冬氨酸二甲酯盐酸盐。KH-550-SiO2溶液和PHV先后对稀盐酸改性后的复合纤维进行处理,复合纤维中的部分羟基和部分羧基被氨丙基、氨基等活性基团取代,PHV和纳米粒子KH-550-SiO2定向排列于复合纤维表面,形成一层致密均匀的防水薄膜。得到的改性蚕丝纤维/聚酯纤维复合纤维表面静态接触角为148°~152°,5次皂洗后为142°~145°,原因是天冬氨酸二甲酯盐酸盐和二甘醇提高了PHV和纳米粒子KH-550-SiO2在复合纤维表面的粘附力,使复合纤维保持优异的防水性。
与现有技术相比,本发明的优点在于:KH-550-SiO2溶液和PHV先后对稀盐酸改性后的复合纤维进行处理,复合纤维中的部分羟基和部分羧基被氨丙基、氨基等活性基团取代,PHV和纳米粒子KH-550-SiO2定向排列于复合纤维表面,形成一层致密均匀的防水薄膜。得到的改性蚕丝纤维/聚酯纤维复合纤维表面静态接触角为148°~152°,5次皂洗后为142°~145°,原因是天冬氨酸二甲酯盐酸盐和二甘醇提高了PHV和纳米粒子KH-550-SiO2在复合纤维表面的粘附力,使复合纤维保持优异的防水性。
具体实施方式
实施例1:
基于蚕丝的复合纤维,由蚕丝纤维/聚酯纤维复合纤维构成;复合纤维经过盐酸改性后再进行防水处理得到。
基于蚕丝的复合纤维的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)将蚕丝纤维和聚酯纤维按照4:1混合,然后将熔体在240℃下从喷丝头的喷丝孔压出,在水中冷却凝固成丝,得复合纤维;
2)将复合纤维置于体积分数为6%的稀盐酸溶液中进行改性。稀盐酸处理后的复合纤维表面变得粗糙,表面活性基团如羟基数量增加;
3)将改性后的复合纤维置于KH-550-SiO2溶胶配置的质量分数为2.1%的溶液中,二浸二轧,于100℃条件下烘干处理6min,再置于PHV溶液中二浸二轧,于100℃条件下烘干处理12min,得到改性蚕丝纤维/聚酯纤维复合纤维。
PHV溶液的溶剂为100份乙酸乙酯,溶质为0.7份PHV、0.02份天冬氨酸二甲酯盐酸盐和0.4份二甘醇。天冬氨酸二甲酯盐酸盐的组成为90%L-天冬氨酸二甲酯盐酸盐和10%D-天冬氨酸二甲酯盐酸盐。KH-550-SiO2溶液和PHV先后对稀盐酸改性后的复合纤维进行处理,复合纤维中的部分羟基和部分羧基被氨丙基、氨基等活性基团取代,PHV和纳米粒子KH-550-SiO2定向排列于复合纤维表面,形成一层致密均匀的防水薄膜。得到的改性蚕丝纤维/聚酯纤维复合纤维表面静态接触角为150.3°,5次皂洗后为144.6°,原因是天冬氨酸二甲酯盐酸盐和二甘醇提高了PHV和纳米粒子KH-550-SiO2在复合纤维表面的粘附力,使复合纤维保持优异的防水性。
实施例2:
基于蚕丝的复合纤维,由蚕丝纤维/聚酯纤维复合纤维构成;复合纤维经过盐酸改性后再进行防水处理得到。
基于蚕丝的复合纤维的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)将蚕丝纤维和聚酯纤维按照5:1混合,然后将熔体在230℃下从喷丝头的喷丝孔压出,在水中冷却凝固成丝,得复合纤维;
2)将复合纤维置于体积分数为7%的稀盐酸溶液中进行改性。稀盐酸处理后的复合纤维表面变得粗糙,表面活性基团如羟基数量增加;
3)将改性后的复合纤维置于KH-550-SiO2溶胶配置的质量分数为1.9%的溶液中,二浸二轧,于110℃条件下烘干处理3min,再置于PHV溶液中二浸二轧,于110℃条件下烘干处理10min,得到改性蚕丝纤维/聚酯纤维复合纤维。
PHV溶液的溶剂为100份乙酸乙酯,溶质为0.6份PHV、0.01份天冬氨酸二甲酯盐酸盐和0.4份二甘醇。天冬氨酸二甲酯盐酸盐的组成为90%L-天冬氨酸二甲酯盐酸盐和10%D-天冬氨酸二甲酯盐酸盐。KH-550-SiO2溶液和PHV先后对稀盐酸改性后的复合纤维进行处理,复合纤维中的部分羟基和部分羧基被氨丙基、氨基等活性基团取代,PHV和纳米粒子KH-550-SiO2定向排列于复合纤维表面,形成一层致密均匀的防水薄膜。得到的改性蚕丝纤维/聚酯纤维复合纤维表面静态接触角为151.1°,5次皂洗后为144.9°,原因是天冬氨酸二甲酯盐酸盐和二甘醇提高了PHV和纳米粒子KH-550-SiO2在复合纤维表面的粘附力,使复合纤维保持优异的防水性。
实施例3:
基于蚕丝的复合纤维,由蚕丝纤维/聚酯纤维复合纤维构成;复合纤维经过盐酸改性后再进行防水处理得到。
基于蚕丝的复合纤维的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)将蚕丝纤维和聚酯纤维按照5:1混合,然后将熔体在240℃下从喷丝头的喷丝孔压出,在水中冷却凝固成丝,得复合纤维;
2)将复合纤维置于体积分数为7%的稀盐酸溶液中进行改性。稀盐酸处理后的复合纤维表面变得粗糙,表面活性基团如羟基数量增加;
3)将改性后的复合纤维置于KH-550-SiO2溶胶配置的质量分数为2.2%的溶液中,二浸二轧,于90℃条件下烘干处理7min,再置于PHV溶液中二浸二轧,于90℃条件下烘干处理15min,得到改性蚕丝纤维/聚酯纤维复合纤维。
PHV溶液的溶剂为100份乙酸乙酯,溶质为0.6份PHV、0.01份天冬氨酸二甲酯盐酸盐和0.5份二甘醇。天冬氨酸二甲酯盐酸盐的组成为90%L-天冬氨酸二甲酯盐酸盐和10%D-天冬氨酸二甲酯盐酸盐。KH-550-SiO2溶液和PHV先后对稀盐酸改性后的复合纤维进行处理,复合纤维中的部分羟基和部分羧基被氨丙基、氨基等活性基团取代,PHV和纳米粒子KH-550-SiO2定向排列于复合纤维表面,形成一层致密均匀的防水薄膜。得到的改性蚕丝纤维/聚酯纤维复合纤维表面静态接触角为149.4°,5次皂洗后为143.1°,原因是天冬氨酸二甲酯盐酸盐和二甘醇提高了PHV和纳米粒子KH-550-SiO2在复合纤维表面的粘附力,使复合纤维保持优异的防水性。
本发明的操作步骤中的常规操作为本领域技术人员所熟知,在此不进行赘述。
以上所述的实施例对本发明的技术方案进行了详细说明,应理解的是以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施例,并不用于限制本发明,凡在本发明的原则范围内所做的任何修改、补充或类似方式替代等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (4)
1.基于蚕丝的复合纤维,其特征在于由蚕丝纤维/聚酯纤维复合纤维构成;所述的复合纤维经过盐酸改性后再进行防水处理得到。
2.根据权利要求1所述的基于蚕丝的复合纤维,其特征在于:所述的基于蚕丝的复合纤维的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)将蚕丝纤维和聚酯纤维按照2~5:1混合,然后将熔体在220~250℃下从喷丝头的喷丝孔压出,在水中冷却凝固成丝,得复合纤维;
2)将复合纤维置于体积分数为5~8%的稀盐酸溶液中进行改性;
3)将改性后的复合纤维置于KH-550-SiO2溶胶配置的质量分数为1.7~2.3%的溶液中,二浸二轧,于90~110℃条件下烘干处理3~7min,再置于PHV溶液中二浸二轧,于90~110℃条件下烘干处理8~15min,得到改性蚕丝纤维/聚酯纤维复合纤维。
3.根据权利要求2所述的基于蚕丝的复合纤维,其特征在于:所述的PHV溶液的溶剂为100份乙酸乙酯,溶质为0.4~0.7份PHV、0.01~0.03份天冬氨酸二甲酯盐酸盐和0.3~0.6份二甘醇。
4.根据权利要求3所述的基于蚕丝的复合纤维,其特征在于:所述的天冬氨酸二甲酯盐酸盐的组成为85~90%L-天冬氨酸二甲酯盐酸盐和10~15%D-天冬氨酸二甲酯盐酸盐。
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