CN108383563A - A method of preparing organic fertilizer using kelp residue - Google Patents

A method of preparing organic fertilizer using kelp residue Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108383563A
CN108383563A CN201810390758.9A CN201810390758A CN108383563A CN 108383563 A CN108383563 A CN 108383563A CN 201810390758 A CN201810390758 A CN 201810390758A CN 108383563 A CN108383563 A CN 108383563A
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China
Prior art keywords
steam
organic fertilizer
kelp residue
base
fertilizer
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CN201810390758.9A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
沈春霞
张晶
张建初
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Foshan Nine Mo Science And Technology Information Consulting Co Ltd
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Foshan Nine Mo Science And Technology Information Consulting Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201810390758.9A priority Critical patent/CN108383563A/en
Publication of CN108383563A publication Critical patent/CN108383563A/en
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05FORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F3/00Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05FORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Abstract

The present invention relates to fertilizer preparing technical fields, and in particular to a method of preparing organic fertilizer using kelp residue.The present invention is with kelp residue,Chicken manure and wheat bran are raw material,Preliminary defibering is occurred into for kelp residue and wheat bran first,And form pretreatment base-material through explosion,The upper liquid rich in urase is obtained by raw material of soybean,Compost maturity is blended in upper liquid and pretreatment base-material,It can be prepared by organic fertilizer,Alginate fibre in kelp residue can mitigate osmotic stress caused by having salinity and arid,Protein, which is degraded by microorganisms, generates amino acid,So that the hydrophily enhancing of organic fertilizer,The ammonia of generation can be fixed by the moisture absorption in fertile heap,The urase in extract of soybean can digest nitrogenous base-material simultaneously,It reacts and generates ammonium salt,Nitric acid molecule can promote the hemicellulose after ammonium hydroxide run-inflation effect and cellulose to be further hydrolyzed to monosaccharide,To promote the degradation of Kelp fiber,The lost reduction of ammonia also reduces the foul smell in digest process,It has broad application prospects.

Description

A method of preparing organic fertilizer using kelp residue
Technical field
The present invention relates to fertilizer preparing technical fields, and in particular to a method of preparing organic fertilizer using kelp residue.
Background technology
China is a large agricultural country and chemical fertilizer production and the big country that uses, and the country applies chemical fertilizer from 1949 not Foot 0.1% to most crops at present plantation all using chemical fertilizer, China's chemical fertilizer total output and the worlds amount of application Jun Zhan at present First.Status of the fertilizer in Rice Production is extremely important, especially chemical fertilizer, and very important work is more played in agricultural is increased production With the input amount of chemical fertilizer is in increased trend year by year.
Currently, the composite fertilizer that fertilizer majority is made of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium used in agriculturally, although the composite fertilizer is to agriculture Industry develops, and improves yield and plays important function, but long-term single administration nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium make Trace Elements in Soil gradually decrease, Crops are directly affected to the absorption containing nitrogen, phosphorus, K composite fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace element needed for crops cannot get Supplement.Because of improper fertilization, often there is the phenomenon that seedling yellow, burn seedlings or even dead seedling.It is to change with natural organic fertilizer replacing fertilizer Kind soil regime, antipollution advantageous measures.
Biological organic fertilizer refer to microorganisms with specific functions with mainly with plant and animal residues(Such as feces of livestock and poultry, agricultural crop straw Deng)The one kind being combined for source and through harmless treatment, decomposed organic materials has both microbial manure and organic fertilizer efficiency The fertilizer answered.Biological organic fertilizer nutrient is complete, can improve soil, improves and uses soil hardening caused by chemical fertilizer, enhancing Soil water-retaining, fertilizer conservation, the ability of fertilizer.Beneficial microbe in biological organic fertilizer is formed after entering soil with Soil Microorganism Mutual symbiosis Relationship With Proliferation inhibits harmful bacteria to grow and be converted into beneficial bacterium, interacts, mutually promotes, play group Synergistic effect, beneficial bacterium generates a large amount of metabolite during growth and breeding, promotes the decomposition and inversion of organic matter, can be straight It connects or is connected in crop and a variety of nutrition and pungent are provided, promote and regulation and control plant growth.Environment dirt can be reduced simultaneously Dye is a kind of environment-friendly type fertilizer to people, animal, Environmental security, nontoxic.
Currently, traditional organic fertilizer is obtained by the microorganism spontaneous fermentation of heap body, many defects are still remained:1, due to The type and quantity of contained indigenous microorganism are limited and the limitation of fermentation condition, and it is long that there is fermentation periods, fermented product Fertilizer efficiency is low, limits large-scale application.2, a large amount of greenhouse gases are easy tod produce in preparation process, and are discharged into greatly without control In gas, air pollution is caused.3, pathogenic microorganism and parasite can be easy to cause because heap fermentation is not complete(Ovum)Propagation, And the problems such as nitrogen loss.Also, existing fertilizer, primarily focuses on raising yield or slow release long-acting, function are relatively simple. 4, it largely is not easy to be absorbed by crops rhizome if be directly manured into soil from animal fertilizer or animals and plants mixed fertilizer And utilization, or absorb and utilization rate is not high, degradation is slow, and easy tos produce height during by soil microbial degradation Temperature causes to burn root phenomenon.5, having passed through high temperature process in production so that amino acid occurs largely losing in process, Seriously affect the quality and using effect of fertilizer.
Therefore, there is an urgent need for develop a kind of organic fertilizer that can be solved the above problems to be highly desirable.
Invention content
Present invention mainly solves the technical issues of, for common biomass organic fertilizer at present due to contained indigenous microorganism Type and quantity are limited and the limitation of fermentation condition, it is long that there is fermentation periods, and nitrogen is easy loss, digest process production Raw ammonia gives an offensive smell, the problem of seriously affecting the quality and using effect of fertilizer, provides and a kind of is prepared using kelp residue The method of organic fertilizer.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A method of preparing organic fertilizer using kelp residue, it is characterised in that specifically preparation process is:
(1)Will kelp residue, chicken manure and wheat bran mix after be put into the steam-explosion jar of steam blasting device, and be passed through into steam-explosion jar pre- The steam of heat to 200~210 DEG C after 30~50s of pressurize, is opened steam-explosion jar and is gone out until pressure is up to 2.0~2.1MPa in steam-explosion jar Expect valve, material moment in steam-explosion jar is made to be injected into receiving tank, collects material in receiving tank, obtain steam explosion wet feed;
(2)Above-mentioned steam explosion wet feed is put into high-temperature sterilization pot, high-temperature sterilization processing, discharging obtains sterilizing base-material, then will sterilizing Base-material is fitted into gauze bag, is put into the nitrification tank of sewage treatment plant after sealing sack, and startup aerator Air Exposure 15~ 20min after Air Exposure, takes out gauze bag, and it is to pre-process base-material to pour out the material in gauze bag, spare;
(3)It weighs fresh soyabean and is put into 30~40min of crushing in tissue pulverizer, soybean crushed material is obtained, by soybean crushed material It is put into sonic oscillation instrument after the ethanol solution mixing for being 30% with mass fraction, oscillation treatment obtains sonic oscillation object;
(4)Above-mentioned sonic oscillation object is moved into centrifuge, centrifugal treating, isolated upper liquid, by upper liquid and spare Compost base-material is obtained after pretreatment base-material mixing;
(5)In the greenhouse, above-mentioned compost base-material is piled up into conical decomposed heap, compost maturity 5~7 days is stood, by decomposed production Object packs up to organic fertilizer.
Step(1)Described in kelp residue, chicken manure and wheat bran mass ratio be 10:2:1.
Step(2)Described in high-temperature sterilization processing temperature be 120~140 DEG C, high-temperature sterilization processing time be 30 ~40min.
Step(3)Described in the frequency of oscillation treatment be 25~35kHz, time of oscillation treatment is 1~2h.
Step(4)Described in the rotating speed of centrifugal treating be 3000~4000r/min, time of centrifugal treating is 15~ The mass ratio of 20min, upper liquid and pretreatment base-material is 1:10.
Step(5)Described in greenhouse temperature be 28~35 DEG C, relative air humidity be 60~70%, cone it is decomposed A diameter of 80~90cm of heap, a height of 1.2~1.3m.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
The present invention is using kelp residue, chicken manure and wheat bran as raw material, first through steam blasting, in certain steam pressure and temperature condition Under, make kelp residue and wheat bran that preliminary defibering occur, and form loose individual fibers through explosion, high-temperature sterilization obtains pretreatment base Material, base-material is put into nitrification tank and is impregnated, and so that it is loaded nitrobacteria, then again using the soybean rich in urase as raw material, through powder It is blended with ethanol solution after broken, sonic oscillation centrifugation obtains the upper liquid rich in urase, and upper liquid and pretreatment base-material are blended Compost maturity, you can organic fertilizer, organic fertilizer produced by the present invention, due to being rich in alginate fibre, protein, sea in kelp residue is made Polysaccharides, glycine betaine, glycine betaine can be used as compatible solute, can mitigate osmotic stress caused by having salinity and arid, glycine betaine Also have the function of promoting body cell and maturation, containing relatively rich glycuronide substance in alga fertilizer, such as alginic acid, such Active material has chelating and water-wet behavior, and in addition during compost, the protein in base-material is degraded by microorganisms production Raw amino acid, is further broken into free property amino and carboxyl, and the generation of these amino and carboxyl makes the hydrophily of organic fertilizer Enhancing, organic fertilizer hydrophily enhance the moisture in meeting adsorpting aggregation base stock fertilizer heap and air so that and the peripheries Fei Dui moisture increases, And during base-material compost maturity, ammonia can be slowly generated, the ammonia of generation can be fixed by the moisture absorption in fertile heap, and one Part becomes alkaline ammonium hydroxide, and the presence of alkaline ammonium hydroxide kelp cellulose can be played run-inflation effect cause molecule disappear it is brilliant and Lattice converts, and retains hemicellulose and cellulose, while the urase in extract of soybean can digest nitrogenous base-material, react production Raw ammonium salt, the ammonium salt then generated can carry out nitration reaction under the action of nitrobacteria, generate nitric acid, the diffusion of nitric acid molecule Rate quickly, can promote hemicellulose and cellulose after ammonium hydroxide run-inflation effect to be further hydrolyzed to monosaccharide, to promote The degradation of Kelp fiber, and in entire digest process, the nitrogen in base-material fiber is all converted into organic nitrogenous fertilizer, ammoniation production Raw ammonia is absorbed by the nitric acid that the moisture on hydrophilic carrier periphery and nitrification generate again, is avoided ammonia and is scattered and disappeared and causes Nitrogen loss, greatly improve the quality and using effect of organic fertilizer, the lost reduction of ammonia also makes in digest process Foul smell is reduced, and the compost in the greenhouse of high temperature and humidity, is selected optimum condition, can be accelerated decomposed speed, is had wide Application prospect.
Specific implementation mode
It is 10 in mass ratio:2:1 will be put into after the mixing of kelp residue, chicken manure and wheat bran in the steam-explosion jar of steam blasting device, And be passed through into steam-explosion jar and be preheated to 200~210 DEG C of steam, until in steam-explosion jar pressure up to 2.0~2.1MPa, pressurize 30~ After 50s, steam-explosion jar discharge valve is opened, material moment in steam-explosion jar is made to be injected into receiving tank, collects material in receiving tank, Obtain steam explosion wet feed;Above-mentioned steam explosion wet feed is put into high-temperature sterilization pot, at 120~140 DEG C high-temperature sterilization processing 30~ 40min, discharging obtains sterilizing base-material, then sterilizing base-material is fitted into gauze bag, and the nitre of sewage treatment plant is put into after sealing sack Change in pond, startup aerator 15~20min of Air Exposure, after Air Exposure, takes out gauze bag, pour out in gauze bag Material is to pre-process base-material, spare;It weighs fresh soyabean and is put into 30~40min of crushing in tissue pulverizer, obtain soy meal It minces, is put into sonic oscillation instrument after the ethanol solution that soybean crushed material and mass fraction are 30% is mixed, with 25~35kHz Hunting of frequency handle 1~2h, obtain sonic oscillation object;Above-mentioned sonic oscillation object is moved into centrifuge, with 3000~ 15~20min of rotating speed centrifugal treating of 4000r/min, isolated upper liquid press upper liquid and spare pretreatment base-material Mass ratio is 1:Compost base-material is obtained after 10 mixing;It is 28~35 DEG C in temperature, the greenhouse that relative air humidity is 60~70% In, above-mentioned compost base-material is piled into the decomposed heap of cone of diameter a 80~90cm, high 1.2~1.3m, it is rotten to stand compost Ripe 5~7 days, decomposed product is packed up to organic fertilizer.
It is 10 in mass ratio:2:1 will be put into after the mixing of kelp residue, chicken manure and wheat bran in the steam-explosion jar of steam blasting device, And be passed through into steam-explosion jar and be preheated to 200 DEG C of steam, until pressure reaches 2.0MPa in steam-explosion jar, after pressurize 30s, open steam explosion Tank discharge valve makes material moment in steam-explosion jar be injected into receiving tank, collects material in receiving tank, obtains steam explosion wet feed; Above-mentioned steam explosion wet feed is put into high-temperature sterilization pot, high-temperature sterilization handles 30min at 120 DEG C, and discharging obtains sterilizing base-material, then Sterilizing base-material is fitted into gauze bag, puts into the nitrification tank of sewage treatment plant, starts at aerator aeration after sealing sack 15min is managed, after Air Exposure, takes out gauze bag, it is to pre-process base-material to pour out the material in gauze bag, spare;It weighs Fresh soyabean, which is put into tissue pulverizer, crushes 30min, obtains soybean crushed material, is 30% by soybean crushed material and mass fraction Ethanol solution mixing after be put into sonic oscillation instrument, 1h is handled with the hunting of frequency of 25kHz, obtains sonic oscillation object;It will be upper It states sonic oscillation object to move into centrifuge, with the rotating speed centrifugal treating 15min of 3000r/min, isolated upper liquid, by upper layer Liquid and spare pretreatment base-material are 1 in mass ratio:Compost base-material is obtained after 10 mixing;It it is 28 DEG C in temperature, air is relatively wet In the greenhouse that degree is 60%, above-mentioned compost base-material is piled into the decomposed heap of cone of diameter a 80cm, high 1.2m, stands heap Decomposed 5 days of fertilizer packs decomposed product up to organic fertilizer.
It is 10 in mass ratio:2:1 will be put into after the mixing of kelp residue, chicken manure and wheat bran in the steam-explosion jar of steam blasting device, And be passed through into steam-explosion jar and be preheated to 205 DEG C of steam, until pressure reaches 2.0MPa in steam-explosion jar, after pressurize 40s, open steam explosion Tank discharge valve makes material moment in steam-explosion jar be injected into receiving tank, collects material in receiving tank, obtains steam explosion wet feed; Above-mentioned steam explosion wet feed is put into high-temperature sterilization pot, high-temperature sterilization handles 35min at 130 DEG C, and discharging obtains sterilizing base-material, then Sterilizing base-material is fitted into gauze bag, puts into the nitrification tank of sewage treatment plant, starts at aerator aeration after sealing sack 17min is managed, after Air Exposure, takes out gauze bag, it is to pre-process base-material to pour out the material in gauze bag, spare;It weighs Fresh soyabean, which is put into tissue pulverizer, crushes 35min, obtains soybean crushed material, is 30% by soybean crushed material and mass fraction Ethanol solution mixing after be put into sonic oscillation instrument, 1.5h is handled with the hunting of frequency of 30kHz, obtains sonic oscillation object;It will Above-mentioned sonic oscillation object moves into centrifuge, and with the rotating speed centrifugal treating 17min of 3500r/min, isolated upper liquid will be upper Layer liquid and spare pretreatment base-material are 1 in mass ratio:Compost base-material is obtained after 10 mixing;It it is 30 DEG C in temperature, air is opposite In the greenhouse that humidity is 65%, above-mentioned compost base-material is piled into the decomposed heap of cone of diameter a 85cm, high 1.2m, is stood Compost maturity 6 days packs decomposed product up to organic fertilizer.
It is 10 in mass ratio:2:1 will be put into after the mixing of kelp residue, chicken manure and wheat bran in the steam-explosion jar of steam blasting device, And be passed through into steam-explosion jar and be preheated to 210 DEG C of steam, until pressure reaches 2.1MPa in steam-explosion jar, after pressurize 50s, open steam explosion Tank discharge valve makes material moment in steam-explosion jar be injected into receiving tank, collects material in receiving tank, obtains steam explosion wet feed; Above-mentioned steam explosion wet feed is put into high-temperature sterilization pot, high-temperature sterilization handles 40min at 140 DEG C, and discharging obtains sterilizing base-material, then Sterilizing base-material is fitted into gauze bag, puts into the nitrification tank of sewage treatment plant, starts at aerator aeration after sealing sack 20min is managed, after Air Exposure, takes out gauze bag, it is to pre-process base-material to pour out the material in gauze bag, spare;It weighs Fresh soyabean, which is put into tissue pulverizer, crushes 40min, obtains soybean crushed material, is 30% by soybean crushed material and mass fraction Ethanol solution mixing after be put into sonic oscillation instrument, 2h is handled with the hunting of frequency of 35kHz, obtains sonic oscillation object;It will be upper It states sonic oscillation object to move into centrifuge, with the rotating speed centrifugal treating 20min of 4000r/min, isolated upper liquid, by upper layer Liquid and spare pretreatment base-material are 1 in mass ratio:Compost base-material is obtained after 10 mixing;It it is 35 DEG C in temperature, air is relatively wet In the greenhouse that degree is 70%, above-mentioned compost base-material is piled into the decomposed heap of cone of diameter a 90cm, high 1.3m, stands heap Decomposed 7 days of fertilizer packs decomposed product up to organic fertilizer.
The organic fertilizer that comparative example is produced with company of Qingdao City is as a comparison case
Organic fertilizer in organic fertilizer produced by the present invention and comparative example is detected, testing result is as shown in table 1:
Using smaller kind of the 200 plants of difference in appearance of organic fertilizer and common organic fertilizer to transplanting of the kelp residue preparation in the present invention Eggplant nursery is cultivated.Measure plant height(It measures within 90 days after transplanting), stem girth(It measures within 90 days after transplanting), yield and correlation merit refer to Mark.
1 performance measurement result of table
Test event Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Comparative example
Plant height(cm) 72.6 72.8 73.0 43.8
Stem girth(cm) 3.94 3.97 3.99 2.15
Yield(G/ plants) 4.5 4.7 4.9 2.2
Nitrogen content(%) 3.15 3.17 3.18 2.56
The content of organic matter(%) 45.3 45.8 45.9 32.1
Smell It is odorless It is odorless It is odorless Irritant smell
From the data in table 1, it can be seen that organic fertilizer produced by the present invention, has enhancing soil water-retaining, fertilizer conservation, the ability of fertilizer, Neng Gouzhi It connects or is connected in crop and a variety of nutrition and pungent are provided, promote and regulation and control plant growth, while environment dirt can be reduced Dye is a kind of environment-friendly type fertilizer, hence it is evident that be better than comparative example product to people, animal, Environmental security, nontoxic.Therefore, have wide Prospect of the application.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of method preparing organic fertilizer using kelp residue, it is characterised in that specifically preparation process is:
(1)Will kelp residue, chicken manure and wheat bran mix after be put into the steam-explosion jar of steam blasting device, and be passed through into steam-explosion jar pre- The steam of heat to 200~210 DEG C after 30~50s of pressurize, is opened steam-explosion jar and is gone out until pressure is up to 2.0~2.1MPa in steam-explosion jar Expect valve, material moment in steam-explosion jar is made to be injected into receiving tank, collects material in receiving tank, obtain steam explosion wet feed;
(2)Above-mentioned steam explosion wet feed is put into high-temperature sterilization pot, high-temperature sterilization processing, discharging obtains sterilizing base-material, then will sterilizing Base-material is fitted into gauze bag, is put into the nitrification tank of sewage treatment plant after sealing sack, and startup aerator Air Exposure 15~ 20min after Air Exposure, takes out gauze bag, and it is to pre-process base-material to pour out the material in gauze bag, spare;
(3)It weighs fresh soyabean and is put into 30~40min of crushing in tissue pulverizer, soybean crushed material is obtained, by soybean crushed material It is put into sonic oscillation instrument after the ethanol solution mixing for being 30% with mass fraction, oscillation treatment obtains sonic oscillation object;
(4)Above-mentioned sonic oscillation object is moved into centrifuge, centrifugal treating, isolated upper liquid, by upper liquid and spare Compost base-material is obtained after pretreatment base-material mixing;
(5)In the greenhouse, above-mentioned compost base-material is piled up into conical decomposed heap, compost maturity 5~7 days is stood, by decomposed production Object packs up to organic fertilizer.
2. a kind of method preparing organic fertilizer using kelp residue according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Step(1)In The mass ratio of the kelp residue, chicken manure and wheat bran is 10:2:1.
3. a kind of method preparing organic fertilizer using kelp residue according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Step(2)In The temperature of the high-temperature sterilization processing is 120~140 DEG C, and the time of high-temperature sterilization processing is 30~40min.
4. a kind of method preparing organic fertilizer using kelp residue according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Step(3)In The frequency of the oscillation treatment is 25~35kHz, and the time of oscillation treatment is 1~2h.
5. a kind of method preparing organic fertilizer using kelp residue according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Step(4)In The rotating speed of the centrifugal treating is 3000~4000r/min, and the time of centrifugal treating is 15~20min, upper liquid and pre- place The mass ratio for managing base-material is 1:10.
6. a kind of method preparing organic fertilizer using kelp residue according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Step(5)In The temperature in the greenhouse is 28~35 DEG C, and relative air humidity is 60~70%, the decomposed heap of cone a diameter of 80~ 90cm, a height of 1.2~1.3m.
CN201810390758.9A 2018-04-27 2018-04-27 A method of preparing organic fertilizer using kelp residue Withdrawn CN108383563A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110330362A (en) * 2019-07-15 2019-10-15 清正生态科技(苏州)有限公司 Cyanobacteria steam explosion recycling system

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110330362A (en) * 2019-07-15 2019-10-15 清正生态科技(苏州)有限公司 Cyanobacteria steam explosion recycling system

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Application publication date: 20180810