CN108379297B - 益生菌及其外膜囊泡在制备防治骨质疏松症药物中的应用 - Google Patents
益生菌及其外膜囊泡在制备防治骨质疏松症药物中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种益生菌或其外膜囊泡在制备防治骨质疏松症药物中的应用,其中,所述益生菌为Akk菌;所述益生菌或其外膜囊泡可用于提升股骨远端松质骨骨体积分数、提升骨小梁数量和降低骨小梁分离度。所述益生菌或其外膜囊泡可用于制备防治绝经后骨质疏松症的药物、食品或保健品。本发明公开的应用为治疗骨质疏松症尤其是绝经后骨质疏松症提供了新的安全有效的生物治疗方向。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及微生物应用技术领域,具体来说,涉及一种益生菌及其外膜囊泡在制备用于防治骨质疏松症的药物中的应用,尤其是涉及Akkermansia muciniphila菌(嗜黏蛋白阿克曼氏菌,ATCC BAA-835,以下简称Akk菌)及其外膜囊泡(outer membrane vesicles;OMVs)在制备用于防治骨质疏松症药物中的应用。
背景技术
骨质疏松症是一种以骨量减少,骨脆性下降为特征的代谢性骨病,常诱发骨折,给个人、家庭和社会带来沉重的负担。分为原发性和继发性两大类,其中原发性骨质疏松症又分为绝经后骨质疏松症、老年性骨质疏松症和特发性骨质疏松症。根据国际骨质疏松症基金会(IOF)的统计数据,全球有超过2亿的骨质疏松症患者。50岁以上的女性中1/3会经历骨质疏松性骨折,并由此带来严重的后果。目前针对骨质疏松症的药物主要为二磷酸盐类,但存在下颌骨坏死、非典型性骨折等副作用。因此,寻找新的安全有效的治疗手段非常重要。
在乳制品、保健品、药品中添加益生菌用以改善胃肠道功能、治疗消化系统疾病的做法早已被人们所熟悉和广为应用。2016年,Roberto Pacifici研究组对雌激素缺乏性骨质疏松小鼠灌胃Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG或8种益生菌组合物VSL#3(含Bifidobacterium breve,Bifidobacterium longum,Bifidobacterium infantis,Lactobacillus acidophilus,Lactobacillus plantarum,Lactobacillus paracasei,Lactobacillus bulgaricus,和Streptococcus thermophilus),炎性因子水平及肠道通透性显著下降,小鼠的骨量丢失明显得到抑制。这些研究为开发益生菌治疗骨质疏松症提供了理论依据和实验基础。
Akk菌近年来受到广泛关注,它是一种革兰氏阴性厌氧菌,于2004年被首次分离出来。在健康人群中,Akk菌约占总肠道菌群的1%-4%。研究表明,Akk菌利用肠粘膜上的黏蛋白为其能源,在分解黏蛋白的同时又进一步促进肠粘膜上的杯状细胞更多地分泌黏蛋白,从而加快了黏蛋白的新陈代谢,增强了肠粘膜的屏障功能,减少肠道细菌及其所释放有害物质进入机体。已有研究报道了Akk菌在不同人群肠道中丰度的差别:运动员高于普通人,低BMI(Body Mass Index;身体质量指数)人群高于高BMI人群,健康人群高于胰岛素抵抗和血脂异常人群;也有研究结果显示,补充Akk菌可以减轻动脉粥样硬化、酒精性肝损害、糖尿病和肥胖等模型动物的疾病严重程度。目前还没有关于Akk菌可以改善骨质疏松症尤其是绝经后骨质疏松症的报道。
OMV是由革兰氏阴性菌分泌的大小在20-250nm之间的由脂质双分子层围成的囊性结构,内含DNA、RNA、胞质蛋白、肽聚糖、酶类等物质。50多年前,研究者第一次通过电子显微镜发现细菌分泌的OMV。目前尚无直接应用益生菌的OMV干预骨质疏松症的报道。
发明内容
针对相关技术中的上述技术问题,本发明提出一种益生菌及其外膜囊泡在制备防治骨质疏松症药物、食品或保健品中的应用,采用Akk菌及其OMVs用于防治骨质疏松症尤其是绝经后骨质疏松症,为骨质疏松症的防治提供一种新的途径。
为实现上述技术目的,本发明的技术方案是这样实现的:
一方面,本发明提供一种益生菌或其外膜囊泡在制备防治骨质疏松症药物、食品或保健品中的应用,其中,所述益生菌为Akk菌。
进一步地,所述益生菌或其外膜囊泡用于提升股骨远端松质骨骨体积分数。
进一步地,所述益生菌或其外膜囊泡用于提升骨小梁数量。
进一步地,所述益生菌或其外膜囊泡用于降低骨小梁分离度。
进一步地,所述骨质疏松症包括绝经后骨质疏松症。
进一步地,所述骨质疏松症包括由于雌激素缺乏导致的骨量丢失的骨质疏松症。
进一步地,所述药物通过灌胃给药。
进一步地,所述灌胃给药的剂量如下:2×109CFUAkk菌液每次,每周两次;或200μgAkk菌OMVs每次,每周两次。优选地,灌胃给药时,选择12周龄雌性C57BL/6小鼠,体重为20~22g。
进一步地,所述药物还包括药学上可接受的辅料。优选地,所述辅料为载体、赋形剂、稀释剂、润滑剂、润湿剂、乳化剂、悬浮液稳定剂、防腐剂、甜味剂以及香料中的一种或多种。
进一步地,所述药物、食品或保健品呈固态时,包含107~1012cfu/g的Akk菌或200~400mg/g的Akk菌OMVs。
进一步地,所述药物、食品或保健品呈液态时,包含107~1011cfu/ml的Akk菌或20~400mg/ml的Akk菌OMVs。
一方面,本发明提供一种益生菌及其外膜囊泡在制备防治骨质疏松症食品中的应用,其中,所述益生菌为Akk菌。
进一步地,所述食品还包括食品学上可接受的辅料。优选地,所述辅料为载体、赋形剂、稀释剂、润滑剂、润湿剂、乳化剂、悬浮液稳定剂、防腐剂、甜味剂以及香料中的一种或多种。
一方面,本发明提供一种益生菌及其外膜囊泡在制备防治骨质疏松症保健品中的应用,其中,所述益生菌为Akk菌。
进一步地,所述保健品还包括食品学上可接受的辅料。优选地,所述辅料为载体、赋形剂、稀释剂、润滑剂、润湿剂、乳化剂、悬浮液稳定剂、防腐剂、甜味剂以及香料中的一种或多种。
一方面,本发明提供一种用于防治骨质疏松症的药物组合物,包括Akk菌或其外膜囊泡。
一方面,本发明提供一种用于防治骨质疏松症的食品组合物,包括Akk菌或其外膜囊泡。
一方面,本发明提供一种用于防治骨质疏松症的保健品组合物,包括Akk菌或其外膜囊泡。
另一方面,本发明提供一种Akk菌的外膜囊泡的提取方法,具体过程如下:
将Akk菌进行传代培养活化后加入培养基中,在封闭状态下振荡培养后离心取上清液过滤,滤液经浓缩后用外泌体提取试剂提取,去除上清液后沉淀即为外膜囊泡。
进一步地,所述培养基的制备过程如下:去BHI加水高温消毒,冷却后加入L-半胱氨酸、刃天青即得。
进一步地,所述振荡培养的条件为37℃下以170rpm的速率摇晃4天。
进一步地,所述离心的条件为12000×g,4℃离心15分钟。
进一步地,所述过滤的条件为:将上清液用0.22μm孔径的过滤器过滤。
进一步地,所述浓缩的条件为:用孔径为100kD的超滤管将滤液浓缩300-500倍。
进一步地,所述外泌体提取试剂为ExoQuick-TC外泌体提取试剂,用量为浓缩液的1/5;提取的条件为:4℃环境下反应12小时后,1500×g,4℃离心30分钟。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明提供一种益生菌及其外膜囊泡在制备防治骨质疏松症药物中的应用,尤其是Akk菌及其OMVs在制备防治绝经后骨质疏松症药物、食品或保健品中的新用途。
通过动物实验证明了Akk菌对于减少雌激素缺乏导致的骨丢失非常有效,股骨远端松质骨骨体积分数(BV/TV)比空白对照组有明显提升(P<0.01),骨小梁数量(Tb.N)比空白对照组有明显提升(P<0.001),骨小梁分离度(Tb.Sp)比空白对照组有明显降低(P<0.001)。
通过动物实验证明了Akk菌的OMVs对于减少雌激素缺乏导致的骨丢失同样非常有效,股骨远端松质骨骨体积分数(BV/TV)比空白对照组有明显提升(P<0.001),骨小梁数量(Tb.N)比空白对照组有明显提升(P<0.001),骨小梁分离度(Tb.Sp)比空白对照组有明显降低(P<0.05)。
应用Akk菌进行治疗,因其成分单一,故便于操作,应用前景广泛。
应用Akk菌的OMVs进行治疗,疗效比Akk菌更好,且具有易于保存、减少副作用发生率(如肠道菌群比例失调)等优势。因此,Akk菌和(或)其OMVs可以用于防治绝经后骨质疏松症的药物、食品或保健品中,为治疗绝经后骨质疏松症提供了新的安全有效的生物治疗手段。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本发明实施例1中小鼠灌胃Akk菌及其OMVs2个月后,骨体积分数对比图。
图2是本发明实施例1中小鼠灌胃Akk菌及其OMVs2个月后,骨小梁数量对比图。
图3是本发明实施例1中小鼠灌胃Akk菌及其OMVs2个月后,骨小梁分离度对比图。
图4是本发明实施例1中小鼠给药后股骨远端三维图像。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
除非另有定义,下文中所使用的所有专业术语与本领域技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中所使用的专业术语只是为了描述具体实施例的目的,并不是旨在限制本发明的保护范围。
除有特别说明,本发明中用到的各种试剂、原料均为可以从市场上购买的商品或者可以通过公知的方法制得的产品。
实施例1
(1)Akk菌的获取和培养:
Akk菌的获取和培养:我们从ATCC(American type culture collection;美国模式培养物集存库)购买Akk菌株,按照官网说明书将细菌活化:脑心浸液肉汤(Brain Heartlnfusion Broth;BHI;海博生物)38.5g加双蒸水950ml,121℃高温消毒。待其冷却后,无菌条件下加入50ml脱纤维羊血(海博生物),混匀之后加入0.3‰的L-半胱氨酸(麦克林),1%刃天青(索莱宝),放入无菌环境下过夜使得培养基充分无氧化。用约0.5ml的BHI培养基溶解Akk菌粉末,转移至50ml BHI培养基中,厌氧环境下37℃以170rpm速率震荡培养3-4天传代培养。以上操作均需在无菌环境下进行。
(2)Akk菌OMVs的提取:
BHI38.5g加双蒸水1000ml,121℃高温消毒。待其冷却后,加入0.3‰的L-半胱氨酸,1%刃天青,分装至50ml无菌离心管中直至完全装满而无明显空气残留。分别在每管培养基中加入1.5ml此前活化好的Akk菌液。盖紧后并用封口膜将瓶口完全封闭,放入振荡培养箱中,在37℃下以170rpm的速率摇晃4天。12000×g,4℃离心15分钟,将上清液用0.22μm孔径的过滤器(Millipore)过滤,用孔径为100kD的超滤管(Millipore)将上清液浓缩300-500倍,按照5∶1的比例加入ExoQuick-TC外泌体提取试剂(SBI EXOTC50A-1)。4℃环境下反应12小时后,1500×g,4℃离心30分钟,完全去除上清液,管底沉淀即为所得到的Akk菌的OMVs。根据沉淀大小加入不同量的PBS(索莱宝)溶解,吸取5μl用来进行BCA法蛋白定量,其余样本放入-80℃中保存。固态时,包含107~1012cfu/g的Akk菌和(或)200~400mg/g的Akk菌OMVs;液态时,包含107~1011cfu/ml的Akk菌和(或)20~400mg/ml的Akk菌OMVs。
(2)小鼠模型:选取12周龄的C57BL/6雌性SPF级小鼠,体重为20~22g,均从湖南斯莱克景达动物实验有限公司购买。每组7~10只小鼠,自由进食水,维持昼夜节律。
(3)分组实验:将C57BL/6雌性SPF级小鼠随机分为Akk菌干预组(Akk组),Akk菌OMVs干预组(AkkV组),空白对照组(Vehicle组)以及假手术组(Sham组),每组7~10只,进行实验。
Akk组:每次灌胃2×109CFU Akk菌液(溶解于0.75ml的PBS中),每周两次。
AkkV组:每次灌胃200μg Akk菌OMVs(溶解于0.75ml的PBS中),每周两次。
Vehicle组:每次灌胃0.75ml PBS,每周两次。
Sham组:每次灌胃0.75ml PBS,每周两次。
对Akk组、AkkV组、Vehicle组小鼠行双侧卵巢切除术(Ovariectomy;OVX),对Sham组小鼠仅剪除少许卵巢周围脂肪组织。术后按上述干预方案干预2个月。脱臼处死小鼠,采集骨组织等标本。分别检测其股骨远端松质骨骨体积分数(BV/TV)、骨小梁数量(Tb.N)、骨小梁分离度(Tb.Sp)。具体的骨微结构指标如下表1所示:
表1:
图1、图2、图3分别是小鼠灌胃Akk菌及其OMVs 3个月后,骨体积分数对比图、骨小梁数量对比图、骨小梁分离度对比图。
从表1及图1~4中可以看出,Akk菌及其OMVs对于减少雌激素缺乏导致的骨丢失非常有效。Akk菌干预组与空白对照组比较,股骨远端松质骨骨体积分数(BV/TV)明显提升(P<0.01),骨小梁数量(Tb.N)明显提升(P<0.001),骨小梁分离度(Tb.Sp)明显降低(P<0.001);Akk菌OMVs干预组与空白对照组比较,股骨远端松质骨骨体积分数(BV/TV)明显提升(P<0.001),骨小梁数量(Tb.N)明显提升(P<0.001),骨小梁分离度(Tb.Sp)明显降低(P<0.05)。对小鼠进行Akk菌及其OMVs灌胃干预后,小鼠股骨远端松质骨由于雌激素缺乏导致的骨量丢失明显被抑制,说明Akk菌及其OMVs具有显著的骨保护功效,可以用于防治绝经后骨质疏松症的药物、食品或保健品中,为绝经后骨质疏松症提供了新的安全有效的生物治疗手段。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (3)
1.一种益生菌或其外膜囊泡在制备防治骨质疏松症药物、食品或保健品中的应用,其特征在于,所述益生菌为嗜黏蛋白阿克曼氏菌Akkermansia muciniphila菌ATCC BAA-835;
所述益生菌或其外膜囊泡用于提升股骨远端松质骨骨体积分数;
所述益生菌或其外膜囊泡用于提升骨小梁数量;
所述益生菌或其外膜囊泡用于降低骨小梁分离度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的益生菌或其外膜囊泡在制备防治骨质疏松症药物、食品或保健品中的应用,其特征在于,所述骨质疏松症包括绝经后骨质疏松症。
3.根据权利要求1所述的益生菌或其外膜囊泡在制备防治骨质疏松症药物、食品或保健品中的应用,其特征在于,所述药物、食品或保健品呈固态时,包含107~1012cfu/g的嗜黏蛋白阿克曼氏菌Akkermansia muciniphila菌ATCC BAA-835或200~400mg/g的嗜黏蛋白阿克曼氏菌Akkermansia muciniphila菌ATCC BAA-835外膜囊泡;
所述药物、食品或保健品呈液态时,包含107~1011cfu/ml的嗜黏蛋白阿克曼氏菌Akkermansia muciniphila菌ATCC BAA-835或20~400mg/ml的嗜黏蛋白阿克曼氏菌Akkermansia muciniphila菌ATCC BAA-835外膜囊泡。
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