CN108368791A - 用于测试柴油发动机的湿度传感器的方法 - Google Patents

用于测试柴油发动机的湿度传感器的方法 Download PDF

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CN108368791A
CN108368791A CN201680072445.8A CN201680072445A CN108368791A CN 108368791 A CN108368791 A CN 108368791A CN 201680072445 A CN201680072445 A CN 201680072445A CN 108368791 A CN108368791 A CN 108368791A
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张宏
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Vitesco Technologies GmbH
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    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/22Safety or indicating devices for abnormal conditions
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    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/14Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1438Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
    • F02D41/1439Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the position of the sensor
    • F02D41/144Sensor in intake manifold
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    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/14Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1438Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
    • F02D41/1444Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
    • F02D41/1454Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an oxygen content or concentration or the air-fuel ratio
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
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    • F02D41/14Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1438Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
    • F02D41/1444Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
    • F02D41/146Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an NOx content or concentration
    • F02D41/1461Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an NOx content or concentration of the exhaust gases emitted by the engine
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
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    • F02D41/14Introducing closed-loop corrections
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    • F02D41/146Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an NOx content or concentration
    • F02D41/1461Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an NOx content or concentration of the exhaust gases emitted by the engine
    • F02D41/1462Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an NOx content or concentration of the exhaust gases emitted by the engine with determination means using an estimation
    • GPHYSICS
    • G07CHECKING-DEVICES
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    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2200/00Input parameters for engine control
    • F02D2200/02Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
    • F02D2200/04Engine intake system parameters
    • F02D2200/0402Engine intake system parameters the parameter being determined by using a model of the engine intake or its components
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    • F02D2200/02Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
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    • F02D2200/0414Air temperature
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    • F02D2200/02Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
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    • F02D2200/0418Air humidity
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    • F02D2200/00Input parameters for engine control
    • F02D2200/02Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
    • F02D2200/10Parameters related to the engine output, e.g. engine torque or engine speed
    • F02D2200/1002Output torque
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    • F02D2200/00Input parameters for engine control
    • F02D2200/02Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
    • F02D2200/10Parameters related to the engine output, e.g. engine torque or engine speed
    • F02D2200/101Engine speed
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    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
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    • F02D41/1454Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an oxygen content or concentration or the air-fuel ratio
    • F02D41/1456Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an oxygen content or concentration or the air-fuel ratio with sensor output signal being linear or quasi-linear with the concentration of oxygen
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Abstract

本发明描述了用于测试柴油发动机的湿度传感器的方法。在该方法中,借助于NOx传感器在限定的窗口中在特定的稳态操作点处测量SCR催化转化器上游的柴油发动机的排气中的未处理的NOx排放物含量。此外,确定柴油发动机的进气中的氧气浓度,并且借助于特性曲线将获得的结果转换成NOx浓度。这两个值相互比较。如果在这些值之间检测到超过设定值的偏差,则故障湿度传感器被识别。

Description

用于测试柴油发动机的湿度传感器的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于测试柴油发动机的机湿度传感器的方法。
背景技术
在用于使柴油发动机的排放行为受控的手段中有湿度传感器,借助于湿度传感器测量柴油发动机的进气管中的湿度。 表示测得的湿度的对应信号能够被馈送至柴油发动机的控制装置,该控制装置能够据此控制柴油发动机或其排气系统的对应操作参数。
由于在40℃的温度下80%的相对空气湿度的偏差已经导致例如1.3%(绝对)的O 2浓度的变化,所以这导致NOx排放物的变化超过50%。因此,这种类型的湿度传感器正确地操作是相当重要的。
DE 10 2004 043 933 A1公开了一种机动车辆的内燃机的排气系统,该排气系统具有布置在排气管线中的排气催化转化器以及暴露于内燃机的排气并且监测该排气系统的传感器。该传感器是湿度传感器。
DE 10 2008 036 418 B4公开了一种用于控制内燃机的排气后处理系统的方法,在该排气后处理系统的排气管道中布置有SCR催化转化器。在该方法中,在内燃机的SCR催化转化器上游的排气道中的排气的水含量的特性变量被确定,并且根据该排气的水含量的特性变量确定催化转化器温度,以便获得用于将氨引入排气中的最终控制元件的致动信号。在该情况中,湿度传感器布置在内燃机的进气管道中,所述传感器在那里测量进气的空气湿度。
发明内容
本发明的基本目标是提出一种方法,借助于该方法能够以简单的方式测试柴油发动机的湿度传感器的操作。
根据本发明,所述目标通过一种用于测试柴油发动机的湿度传感器的方法来实现,该方法包括以下步骤:
借助于NOx传感器在限定窗口中在特定的稳态操作点处测量SCR催化转化器上游的柴油发动机的排气中的未处理的NOx排放物含量,以便获得实际值(ACTUAL值);
确定柴油发动机的进气中的氧气浓度,并且借助于特性曲线将得到的结果转换成NOx浓度以便获得模型值;
将实际值与模型值进行比较;以及
如果在这些值之间检测到超过设定值的偏差,则故障湿度传感器被识别。
根据本发明的方法基于下述基本概念:借助于SCR催化转化器上游的NOx传感器信号检查湿度传感器信号的合理性。在此,选择特定的稳态操作点以用于评估NOx传感器信号。
另一方面,柴油发动机的进气中的氧气浓度被确定并且借助于特性曲线被转换成NOx浓度。然后将该计算出的NOx浓度作为模型值与SCR催化转化器上游的来自NOx传感器的NOx信号(实际值)进行比较。如果在这些值之间检测到超过设定值的偏差,则故障湿度传感器被识别。否则,如果在这些值之间没有偏差或者只有未超过设定值的偏差,则正确操作的湿度传感器被识别。
作为本发明的改进例,通过测量空气质量、EGR质量(如果可用)以及柴油发动机的进气管中的湿度来确定进气中的氧气浓度。在此,“EGR质量”是指再循环以减少氮氧化物排放的排气质量。
“SCR催化转化器”是指执行选择性催化还原以减少排气中的氮氧化物的催化转化器。在此,SCR催化转化器上的化学反应是选择性的,即,存在氮氧化物的优先还原,而不希望的副反应很大程度上被抑制。
特别地,根据本发明的方法被执行以使得如果在高环境温度下检测到这些值(实际值和模型值)之间的大偏差,则故障湿度传感器被识别。在此,高环境温度例如对应于超过35℃的值。
在根据本发明执行的比较期间,NOx信号和湿度信号(用于计算氧浓度)应当保持近似恒定。
为了提高诊断的可靠性,在本发明的另一个实施例中,例如,用在相关操作点处并且在例如低于20℃的低环境温度下测得的实际值来调整所计算的模型值。
发动机速度和负载的操作点优选地被选择为特定的稳态操作点。
附图说明
下面结合附图参照示例性实施例详细解释本发明。在附图中:
图1示出了具有控制单元的柴油发动机的示意图;以及
图2示出了各个方法步骤的流程图。
具体实施方式
仅在图1中示意性地示出的柴油发动机具有带有进气管道的发动机缸体1,该进气管道具有进气管2。另外,柴油发动机具有带有排气管3的排气管道,其中设置有SCR催化转化器4(SCR表示选择性催化还原)。在SCR催化转化器4的上游具有NOx传感器5,借助于该传感器测量排气中未处理的NOx排放物含量。
示意性示出的排气再循环系统(EGR表示排气再循环)由标记7表示。因此,一些排气被再循环到进气管2中,并且在那里与吸入的空气混合。
在根据本发明的方法中,在SCR催化转化器4上游的柴油发动机的排气中的NOx含量一方面现在借助于NOx传感器在特定的稳态操作点(发动机转速、负载)处被测量。对应的信号被馈送到由标记9示意性地示出的控制单元。
另一方面,两个传感器8用于测量进气管2中的空气质量以及EGR质量(再循环排气的质量)。而且,借助于湿度传感器6测量进气管2中的空气湿度。三个传感器的信号同样地被馈送到控制单元9。
通过传感器8和6的信号,控制单元9借助于存储在所述单元中的特性曲线来确定NOx浓度,该浓度作为模型值被引入该方法中。该模型值与作为实际值的由传感器5测量的NOx含量进行比较。如果控制单元检测到超过设定值的这些值之间的偏差,则故障湿度传感器6被识别,并且例如借助于合适的指示器来指示。否则,湿度传感器6被归类为正确地操作。
更具体地,如果在高环境温度(例如,40℃)下检测到这些值之间的大的偏差,则在此过程中故障湿度传感器被识别。例如,借助于提供的指示器,控制相关车辆的人员接收到需要更换湿度传感器的指示。
图2在框图中示出了该方法的各个步骤。在步骤10中,借助于NOx传感器测量柴油发动机的排气中的NOx含量,更具体地在发动机转速和负载的稳态操作点处进行测量。对应的信号被馈送到控制单元,并且在那里作为实际值可用(步骤12)。
此外,EGR质量和进气管中的空气质量以及进气管中的水分含量被测量(步骤11)。对应的信号被馈送到控制单元。由此,在步骤13中确定进气管中的氧气浓度,并且由此使用存储的特性曲线计算NOx浓度作为模型值(步骤13)。
根据步骤14,这两个值相互比较。根据步骤15,确定偏差是否大于设定值(R),其中,以高环境温度为基础。然后将对应的湿度传感器归类为故障或者非故障。

Claims (6)

1.一种用于测试柴油发动机的湿度传感器(6)的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
借助于NOx传感器(5)在限定窗口中在特定的稳态操作点处测量选择性催化还原(SCR)催化转化器(4)上游的柴油发动机的排气中的未处理的NOx排放物含量,以便获得实际值;
确定柴油发动机的进气中的氧气浓度,并且借助于特性曲线将获得的结果转换成NOx浓度,以便获得模型值;
将实际值与模型值进行比较;以及
如果在这些值之间检测到超过设定值(R)的偏差,则故障湿度传感器(6)被识别。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,通过测量空气质量、在可用的情况下测量再循环排气(EGR)质量、以及测量所述柴油发动机的进气管(2)中的湿度来确定所述进气中的所述氧气浓度。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,如果在高环境温度下检测到所述值之间的大的偏差,则故障湿度传感器(6)被识别。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,高环境温度对应于超过35℃的值。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,用在相关操作点处并且在低环境温度下测得的实际值来调整所计算的模型值。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,发动机转速和负载的操作点被选择为特定的稳态操作点。
CN201680072445.8A 2015-12-11 2016-11-15 用于测试柴油发动机的湿度传感器的方法 Active CN108368791B (zh)

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