CN108357393A - 控制包括驱动电动机的车辆的装置和方法 - Google Patents

控制包括驱动电动机的车辆的装置和方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108357393A
CN108357393A CN201710626978.2A CN201710626978A CN108357393A CN 108357393 A CN108357393 A CN 108357393A CN 201710626978 A CN201710626978 A CN 201710626978A CN 108357393 A CN108357393 A CN 108357393A
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China
Prior art keywords
torque
braking
drive motor
controller
speed
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Granted
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CN201710626978.2A
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English (en)
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CN108357393B (zh
Inventor
杜光日
赵泰焕
黄惠吉
朴成翼
许志旭
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Hyundai Motor Co
Kia Corp
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Hyundai Motor Co
Kia Motors Corp
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    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
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    • B60L15/00Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/20Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
    • B60L15/2009Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed for braking
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    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60W20/10Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B60W20/13Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand in order to stay within battery power input or output limits; in order to prevent overcharging or battery depletion
    • B60W20/14Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand in order to stay within battery power input or output limits; in order to prevent overcharging or battery depletion in conjunction with braking regeneration
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Abstract

提供了一种控制包括驱动电动机的车辆的装置和方法。该装置包括:数据检测器,检测包括车辆速度、制动踏板的位置值和驱动电动机速度的行驶信息;以及驱动电动机,产生用于驱动车辆的驱动扭矩并且选择性地作为发电机操作。然后,控制器基于行驶信息来确定制动模式,并且根据制动模式来调整换档完成时点。

Description

控制包括驱动电动机的车辆的装置和方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2017年1月26日在韩国知识产权局提交的第10-2017-0012992号韩国专利申请的优先权和权益,其全部内容通过引用合并于此。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种控制包括驱动电动机的车辆的装置和方法,更具体地,涉及一种控制在换档期间线性减速的车辆的装置和方法。
背景技术
车辆的环保技术是控制未来汽车行业生存的核心技术,先进的车辆制造商已经将重点放在开发环保型车辆上,以实现环境和燃料效率管理。因此,车辆制造商已经按照未来的车辆技术开发出电动车辆(EV)、混合电动车辆(HEV)、燃料电池电动车辆(FCEV)等。
车辆制造商认为混合电动车辆是解决例如废气排放法规的满足和燃料效率性能的增强的现实问题的替代车辆,并进行了研究和开发以使混合电动电动车辆商业化。通常,电动车辆、混合动力车辆和燃料电池车辆由通过电能获得扭矩的驱动电动机驱动。特别地,混合动力车辆是使用两种以上的动力源的车辆,使用发动机和驱动电动机作为混合动力车辆的动力源。具有驱动电动机的车辆通过制动或惯性来在行驶时将驱动电动机作为发电机操作,以回收制动或惯性能量,从而对电池充电。特别地,驱动电动机的扭矩具有负值,并在与车辆行驶方向相反的方向上提供操作制动力。
然后,在制动或惯性行驶时,要求具有驱动电动机的车辆减档。在进行减档时,变速器的输入轴的速度(即,驱动电动机的速度)增加到与目标档位状态对应的速度。根据传统的档位控制方法,为了改善换档感觉,使用扭矩干预方法来调整驱动电动机的扭矩的绝对值,并且进行变速器的常闭(off-going)元件与常开(on-coming)元件的接合与分离。然而,根据传统技术,由于在换档期间不能准确地预测驱动电动机的扭矩变化,所以车辆不是线性减速,因此驾驶员感觉到差异感。
本节中公开的上述信息仅仅是为了增强对本发明背景的理解,因此其可能包含不构成本领域普通技术人员在本国已知的现有技术的信息。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种控制包括驱动电动机的车辆的装置和方法,其中,车辆在换档期间线性减速。
根据本发明的示例性实施例的控制包括驱动电动机的车辆的装置可包括:数据检测器,配置为检测包括车辆速度、制动踏板的位置值和驱动电动机速度的行驶信息;驱动电动机,配置为产生用于驱动车辆的驱动扭矩并选择性地作为发电机操作;以及控制器,配置为基于行驶信息来确定制动模式,并且根据制动模式来调整换档完成时点。
当制动模式为电动机恒定扭矩模式时,控制器可配置为:根据行驶信息来计算总制动扭矩;根据总制动扭矩,基于驱动轮,通过计算再生制动扭矩来进行再生制动控制,并且进行减档和扭矩干预控制;以及当驱动电动机速度和与惯性阶段开始之后的目标档位级对应的速度同步时,完成常开元件的接合,其中,惯性阶段为在减档时进行常闭元件的释放和常开元件的接合期间增加驱动电动机速度的阶段。
电动机恒定扭矩模式可在驱动电动机速度小于预定速度并且在制动时在换档期间保持恒定速度时满足。当制动模式为弱制动模式时,控制器可配置为:根据行驶信息来计算总制动扭矩;根据总制动扭矩,基于驱动轮,通过计算再生制动扭矩来进行再生制动控制,并且进行减档和扭矩干预控制;以及在驱动电动机速度和与惯性阶段开始之后的目标档位级对应的速度同步之前,完成常开元件的接合,其中,惯性阶段为在减档时进行常闭元件的释放和常开元件的接合期间增加驱动电动机速度的阶段。
当制动踏板的位置值小于预定值时,可满足弱制动模式。控制器可配置为根据行驶信息来计算扭矩干预量,并且操作驱动电动机以跟随扭矩干预量。附加地,控制器可配置为基于车辆速度和制动踏板的位置值来计算总制动扭矩。
根据本发明的另一示例性实施例的控制包括驱动电动机的车辆的方法可包括:通过控制器确定车辆是否根据包括车辆速度、制动踏板的位置值和驱动电动机速度的行驶信息而制动;根据车辆制动时的行驶信息,通过控制器确定制动模式;以及在制动期间,通过控制器进行再生制动控制、减档和扭矩干预控制,其中,在减档期间,基于制动模式来调整换档完成时点。
制动模式可包括电动机恒定扭矩模式和弱制动模式。电动机恒定扭矩模式可在驱动电动机速度小于预定速度并且在制动时在换档期间保持恒定速度时满足。当制动模式为电动机恒定扭矩模式时,控制器可配置为:根据行驶信息来计算总制动扭矩;根据总制动扭矩,基于驱动轮,通过计算再生制动扭矩来进行再生制动控制,并且进行减档和扭矩干预控制;以及当驱动电动机速度和与惯性阶段开始之后的目标档位级对应的速度同步时,完成常开元件的接合,其中,惯性阶段为在减档时进行常闭元件的释放和常开元件的接合期间增加驱动电动机速度的阶段。
当制动踏板的位置值小于预定值时,可满足弱制动模式。当制动模式为弱制动模式时,控制器可配置为:根据行驶信息来计算总制动扭矩;根据总制动扭矩,基于驱动轮,通过计算再生制动扭矩来进行再生制动控制,并且进行减档和扭矩干预控制;以及在驱动电动机速度和与惯性阶段开始之后的目标档位级对应的速度同步之前,完成常开元件的接合,其中,惯性阶段为在减档时进行常闭元件的释放和常开元件的接合期间增加驱动电动机速度的阶段。可根据行驶信息来计算扭矩干预量,并且当进行扭矩干预控制时,调整驱动电动机以跟随扭矩干预量。
根据本发明的示例性实施例,由于在弱制动模式下的惯性阶段期间完成换档,所以能够通过恒定地保持减速度来防止驾驶员感到差异感。此外,由于控制器不需要过度增加扭矩干预量以防止驾驶员感觉到差异感,所以与传统技术相比,能够降低扭矩干预量,并且可改善燃料消耗。
附图说明
在描述本发明的示例性实施例时参考附图,因此不应将本发明的技术精神限制于附图。
图1是示出应用了根据本发明的示例性实施例的控制装置的车辆的示意图;
图2是示出应用了根据本发明的示例性实施例的控制装置的变速器的示意图;
图3是示出应用了根据本发明的示例性实施例的控制装置的混合动力车辆的示意图;
图4是示出根据本发明的示例性实施例的控制装置的框图;
图5是示出根据本发明的示例性实施例的控制包括驱动电动机的车辆的方法的流程图;
图6是示出在电动机恒定扭矩模式下的驱动电动机速度、驱动电动机扭矩、制动扭矩和变速级的曲线图;以及
图7是示出在弱制动模式下的驱动电动机速度、驱动电动机扭矩、制动扭矩和变速级的曲线图。
附图标记说明
5:发动机
10:驱动电动机
20:变速器
30:发动机离合器
40:电池
50:逆变器
60:HSG
70:差速齿轮装置
80:车轮
90:数据检测器
100:控制器
110:第一液压致动器
120:第二液压致动器
130:轮缸。
具体实施方式
应当理解,本文所使用的术语“车辆”或“车辆的”或其它类似术语一般包括机动车辆,例如客车(包括运动型多用途车辆(SUV)、公共汽车、卡车、各种商用车辆)、船只(包括各种船舶和轮船)、飞机等,并且包括混合动力车辆、电动车辆、插电式混合电动车辆、氢动力车辆和其它替代燃料车辆(例如,源自石油以外的资源的燃料)。如本文所引用的,混合动力车辆为具有两种或更多种动力源的车辆,例如,汽油动力或电动车辆两者。
虽然将示例性实施例描述为使用多个单元来实现示例性过程,但是应当理解,示例性过程也可由一个或多个模块实现。附加地,应理解,术语控制器/控制单元是指包括存储器和处理器的硬件设备。存储器配置为存储模块,并且处理器具体配置为执行所述模块以实现以下进一步描述的一个或多个过程。
此外,本发明的控制逻辑可被实现为包含由处理器、控制器/控制单元等执行的可执行程序指令的计算机可读介质上的非暂时性计算机可读介质。计算机可读介质的示例包括但不限于ROM、RAM、光盘(CD)-ROM、磁带、软盘、闪存驱动器、智能卡和光数据存储设备。计算机可读记录介质还可分布在网络耦合计算机系统中,使得计算机可读介质以分布式方式例如由远程信息处理服务器或控制器局域网(CAN)存储并执行。
本文使用的术语仅用于描述特定实施例的目的,而不旨在限制本发明。如本文所使用的,单数形式“一个”、“一种”和“所述”也旨在包括复数形式,除非上下文另有明确指示。将进一步理解,当在本说明书中使用时,术语“包括”和/或“包含”指定所述特征、整体、步骤、操作、元件和/或组件的存在,但不排除存在或添加一个或多个其它特征、整体、步骤、操作、元件、组件和/或其组合。如本文所使用的,术语“和/或”包括一个或多个相关所列项目的任何和所有组合。
除非具体说明或从上下文中显而易见,如本文所使用的,术语“约”应理解为在本领域的正常容限范围内,例如在平均值的2个标准差内。“约”可理解为在所述值的10%、9%、8%、7%、6%、5%、4%、3%、2%、1%、0.5%、0.1%、0.05%或0.01%内。除非从上下文中另有说明,本文提供的所有数值均由术语“约”修饰。
将在下文中参考附图更全面地描述本发明,在附图中示出了本发明的示例性实施例。如本领域技术人员将认识到的,在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下,可以各种不同的方式进行修改所描述的示例性实施例。为了清楚地描述本发明的示例性实施例,省略了与描述无关的部分。在整个说明书中使用相同的附图标记来指代相同或相似的部件。此外,为了更好地理解和易于描述,可选地示出了附图中所示的每个配置的尺寸和厚度,但是本发明不限于所示的附图,并且为了使多个部件和区域清楚而夸大了厚度。
图1是示出应用了根据本发明的示例性实施例的控制装置的车辆的示意图。如图1所示,应用了根据本发明的示例性实施例的控制装置的车辆可包括驱动电动机10、变速器20、差速齿轮装置70、车轮80和控制器100。控制器100可配置为操作装置的其它组件。
特别地,驱动电动机10可配置为产生驱动车辆的驱动扭矩并且选择性地作为发电机操作。在根据本发明的示例性实施例的车辆的动力传递中,驱动电动机10中产生的动力可传递至变速器20的输入轴22,并且从变速器20的输出轴24输出的动力可经由差速齿轮装置70传递至车轴。车轴使车轮80旋转,并且因此,车辆可由从驱动电动机20产生的动力来操作。
图2是示出应用了根据本发明的示例性实施例的控制装置的变速器的示意图。如图2所示,应用了根据本发明的示例性实施例的控制装置的变速器20可配置为从连接至驱动电动机10的输入轴22接收动力,并将动力传递至输出轴24。至少一个行星齿轮组可插在输入轴22与输出轴24之间,以将输入轴22的速度改变并传递至输出轴24。在变速器20中,设置选择性地将行星齿轮组的相应操作构件与输入轴22、变速箱(未示出)或另一操作构件连接的至少一个摩擦元件。在本说明书中,为了更好地理解和易于描述,仅示出第一和第二驱动齿轮210和220、第一和第二从动齿轮230和240以及第一和第二摩擦元件250和260。
第一驱动齿轮210可设置在输入轴22上,并且通过第一摩擦元件250的操作来实现第一档位级(first shift stage)。附加地,第一驱动齿轮210可与第一从动齿轮230齿轮啮合。第二驱动齿轮220可设置在输入轴22上,并且通过第二摩擦元件260的操作来实现第二档位级。第二驱动齿轮220可与第二从动齿轮240齿轮啮合。可通过将第一摩擦元件250作为常闭元件从接合状态改变为释放状态,并且将第二摩擦元件260作为常开元件从释放状态改变为接合状态,从而执行从第一档位级至第二档位级的换档。上述变速器20为可应用本发明的精神的一个示例,但除了变速器20之外,本发明的精神也可应用于各种其它变速器。
图3是示出应用了根据本发明的示例性实施例的控制装置的混合动力车辆的示意图。如图3所示,应用了根据本发明的示例性实施例的控制装置的混合动力车辆可包括发动机5、驱动电动机10、变速器20、选择性地连接发动机5与驱动电动机10的发动机离合器30、电池40、逆变器50、HSG(混合起动器和发电机)60、差速齿轮装置70、车轮80和控制器100。
混合电动车辆可在电动车辆(EV)模式下、混合电动车辆(HEV)模式下以及再生制动模式下行驶,在电动车辆模式中使用电动机的扭矩;在混合电动车辆模式中,基于加速器踏板和制动踏板的加速和减速操作、车辆速度、电池的充电状态(SOC)等,通过使发动机离合器接合或释放来将发动机的扭矩用作主扭矩并且将电动机的扭矩用作辅助扭矩;在再生制动模式中,通过在车辆制动期间或在车辆借助惯性行驶期间的电动机的电力发电来回收制动和惯性能量以对电池充电。
结合混合动力车辆的动力传递,从发动机5和/或驱动电动机10产生的动力可选择性地传递至变速器20的输入轴22,从变速器20的输出轴24输出的动力可经由差速齿轮装置70传递至车轴。车轴使车轮80旋转,并且因此,混合电动车辆可由从发动机5和/或电动机10产生的动力来操作。电池40可配置为在电动车辆(EV)模式和混合电动车辆(HEV)模式下使用逆变器50向驱动电动机10供电,并且可在再生制动模式下使用逆变器50利用回收的电力进行充电。HSG 60可配置为启动发动机5或通过发动机5的输出发电。HSG可称为集成起动器和发电机(ISG)。发动机5和HSG 60可经由皮带62连接。控制器100可配置为基于混合动力车辆的行驶条件来分配发动机5和电动机10的扭矩,并且控制EV模式与HEV模式之间的转换。
图4是示出根据本发明的示例性实施例的控制装置的框图。如图4所示,根据本发明的示例性实施例的控制装置可包括数据检测器90、控制器100、液压致动器110和逆变器50。
数据检测器90可配置为检测数据以操作包括驱动电动机10的车辆,并且从数据检测器90检测到的数据可发送至控制器100。数据检测器90可包括车辆速度检测器91、加速器踏板位置检测器92、制动踏板位置检测器93、液压检测器94、SOC检测器95、电动机速度检测器98和档位级检测器99。车辆速度检测器91可配置为检测车辆速度,并且将与其对应的信号发送至控制器100。
加速器踏板位置检测器92可配置为检测加速器踏板的位置值(即,加速器踏板的接合度或施加至踏板上的压力的量),并将与其对应的信号发送至控制器100。当加速器踏板完全接合时,加速器踏板的位置值为100%,并且当加速器踏板分离时,加速器踏板的位置值为0%。制动踏板位置检测器93可配置为检测制动踏板的位置值(即,制动踏板的接合度或施加至踏板上的压力的量),并将与其对应的信号发送至控制器100。当制动踏板完全接合时,制动踏板的位置值为100%,并且当制动踏板分离时,制动踏板的位置值为0%。
此外,液压检测器94可配置为检测供应至变速器20的每个摩擦元件的液压,并将与其对应的信号发送至控制器100。电动机速度检测器98可配置为检测驱动电动机10的速度并且将与其对应的信号发送至控制器100。档位级检测器99可配置为检测当前接合的档位级并将与其对应的信号发送至控制器100。控制器100可利用由预定程序执行的一个或多个微处理器来实施。预定程序可包括用于实现根据下面将要描述的本发明的示例性实施例的用于控制或操作包括驱动电动机10的车辆的方法中包括的每个步骤的一系列命令。
第一液压致动器110可配置为从控制器100接收控制信号,以调整供应至变速器20的每个摩擦元件的液压。第一液压致动器110可包括调整施加至每个摩擦元件的液压的至少一个电磁阀和至少一个控制阀。第二液压致动器120可配置为从控制器100接收控制信号,以调整供应至轮缸130的液压。第二液压致动器120可包括调整供应至轮缸130的液压的至少一个电磁阀和至少一个控制阀。
轮缸130安装在车轮80处,并且可基于从第二液压致动器120供应的液压来操作,以向车辆提供摩擦制动力。逆变器50可包括多个开关元件,并且可基于开关元件的开关操作将电流从逆变器50供应至驱动电动机10。可基于控制器100的控制信号来确定逆变器50的开关元件的开关操作。
此外,将参考图5至图7来描述根据本发明的示例性实施例的包括驱动电动机的车辆的控制方法。图5是示出根据本发明的示例性实施例的控制包括驱动电动机的车辆的方法的流程图。图6是示出电动机恒定扭矩模式下的驱动电动机速度、驱动电动机扭矩、制动扭矩和档位级的曲线图。图7是示出在弱制动模式下的驱动电动机速度、驱动电动机扭矩、制动扭矩和档位级的曲线图。
参考图5至图7,在步骤S10中,控制器100可配置为根据由数据检测器90检测到的行驶信息来确定车辆是否处于制动状态。然后,控制器100可配置为根据车辆速度、加速器踏板的位置值和制动踏板的位置值来确定车辆以制动方式驱动。控制器100可配置为根据行驶信息来计算与总制动量对应的总制动扭矩,并且根据总制动扭矩,基于车轮来计算再生制动扭矩。
在步骤S12中,控制器100还可配置为根据由数据检测器90检测到的行驶信息来确定制动模式。控制器100可配置为基于车辆速度、加速器踏板的位置值和制动踏板的位置值来确定制动模式。制动模式可包括电动机恒定扭矩模式和弱制动模式。电动机恒定扭矩模式可在驱动电动机速度小于预定速度并且可在制动时在换档期间保持恒定速度时满足。弱制动模式表示驱动器的制动强度最小,并且当制动踏板的位置值小于预定值时满足弱制动模式。
当车辆处于制动状态并且制动模式为电动机恒定扭矩模式时(参考图6),控制器100可配置为进行再生制动控制并且制动中进行减档。然后,在步骤S30、S40和S50中,控制器100可配置为进行扭矩干预控制,其中驱动电动机的再生制动扭矩在正方向上增加。为了进行扭矩干预控制,在步骤S31中,控制器100可配置为根据电动机扭矩来计算扭矩干预量,并且在步骤S33中,操作驱动电动机以跟随扭矩干预量。扭矩干预量可根据车辆速度、加速器踏板的位置值、制动踏板的位置值和变速状态来确定,并且可作为映射数据存储在控制器100的存储器中。这里,扭矩干预量为考虑到换档状态的驱动电动机扭矩,并且干预之前的电动机扭矩为不考虑换档状态的驱动电动机扭矩。
在制动期间,控制器100可配置为:在步骤S41中,基于车辆速度和制动踏板的位置值来计算总制动量,并且在步骤S43中,基于驱动电动机10的状态和变速器20的级(stage)来计算再生制动执行量。例如,控制器100可配置为基于从逆变器50流向驱动电动机10的电流和当前接合的档位级来计算与变速器20的输出轴24的扭矩对应的再生制动执行量。
此外,在步骤S45中,控制器100可配置为基于总制动量和再生制动执行量来计算摩擦制动量。摩擦制动量为从总制动量中减去再生制动执行量的值。控制器100可配置为操作第二液压致动器120,以使轮缸130产生与摩擦制动量对应的摩擦制动扭矩。为了进行减档,控制器100可配置为操作第一液压致动器110,以开始常闭元件的释放和常开元件的接合。换句话说,可在步骤S51中开始换档开始的扭矩阶段。
特别地,常闭元件的释放和常开元件的接合的开始表示开始调整每个摩擦元件的液压。换句话说,常闭元件的释放开始表示逐渐或快速降低施加至常闭元件的液压,并且常开元件的接合开始表示逐渐或快速增加施加至常开元件的液压。
在进行常闭元件的释放和常开元件的接合时,可开始驱动电动机10的速度的惯性阶段(inertia phase)。控制器100可配置为:当驱动电动机速度(即,变速器20的输入轴22的速度)和与目标档位级对应的速度同步时,完成常开元件的接合。换句话说,在步骤S53中,供应至常开元件的液压增加至接合液压以完成换档。在减档期间,由于与传统技术相比,控制器100减小扭矩干预量,所以车辆能够持续减速,由此可防止驾驶员在制动中感觉到差异感。当车辆处于制动状态并且制动模式为弱制动模式时(参考图7),控制器100可配置为进行再生制动并且在制动中进行减档。此时,在步骤S60、S70和S80中,控制器100可配置为进行扭矩干预控制,其中驱动电动机的再生制动扭矩在正方向上增加。
附加地,为了进行扭矩干预控制,控制器100可配置为:在步骤S61中,在干预之前根据电动机扭矩来计算扭矩干预量,并且在步骤S63中,操作驱动电动机以跟随或保持扭矩干预量。在制动期间,控制器100可配置为:在步骤S71中,基于车辆速度和制动踏板的位置值来计算总制动量,并且在步骤S73中,基于驱动电动机10的状态和变速器20的级来计算再生制动执行量。例如,控制器100可配置为基于从逆变器50流向驱动电动机10的电流和当前接合的档位级来计算与变速器20的输出轴24的扭矩对应的再生制动执行量。
然而,由于在弱制动模式下驾驶员的制动强度最小,所以再生制动执行量被限制为总制动量。换句话说,总制动量与再生制动执行量相同。为了进行减档,控制器100可配置为操作第一液压致动器110,以开始常闭元件的释放和常开元件的接合。换句话说,在步骤S81中,可开始换档开始的扭矩阶段。
此外,当进行常闭元件的释放和常开元件的接合时,可开始驱动电动机10的速度的惯性阶段。控制器100可配置为在驱动电动机速度(即,变速器20的输入轴22的速度)和与目标档位级对应的速度同步之前完成常开元件的接合。换句话说,在弱制动模式中,在步骤S83中,可在驱动电动机速度和与目标档位级对应的速度同步之前,在惯性阶段期间完成减档。因此,在弱制动模式下,在驱动电动机速度和与目标档位级对应的速度同步之前,在惯性阶段期间完成换档,由此加速驱动电动机扭矩增加的时点,并且增加扭矩干预量。因此,在减档期间,车辆可恒定减速。换句话说,控制器100可配置为在减档期间操作车辆以恒定减速。
如上所述,根据本发明的示例性实施例,由于可在弱制动模式下,在惯性阶段期间完成换档,所以能够通过恒定地保持减速度来防止驾驶员感到差异感。此外,由于控制器不需要过度增加扭矩干预量以防止驾驶员感觉到差异感,所以与常规技术相比可减少扭矩干预量,并且可改善燃料消耗。
虽然已经结合目前被认为是示例性实施例描述了本发明,但是应当理解,本发明不限于所公开的示例性实施例,而是相反,旨在涵盖包括在所附权利要求的精神和范围内的各种变型和等效布置。

Claims (16)

1.一种控制包括驱动电动机的车辆的装置,包括:
数据检测器,配置为检测包括车辆速度、制动踏板的位置值和驱动电动机速度的行驶信息;
驱动电动机,配置为产生用于驱动所述车辆的驱动扭矩并选择性地作为发电机操作;以及
控制器,配置为基于所述行驶信息来确定制动模式,并且基于所述制动模式来调整换档完成时点。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中,当所述制动模式为电动机恒定扭矩模式时,所述控制器还配置为:
根据所述行驶信息来计算总制动扭矩;
根据所述总制动扭矩,基于驱动轮,通过计算再生制动扭矩来进行再生制动控制,并且进行减档和扭矩干预控制;以及
当所述驱动电动机速度和与惯性阶段开始之后的目标档位级对应的速度同步时,完成常开元件的接合,
其中,所述惯性阶段为在减档时进行常闭元件的释放和常开元件的接合期间增加所述驱动电动机速度的阶段。
3.根据权利要求2所述的装置,其中,所述电动机恒定扭矩模式在所述驱动电动机速度小于预定速度并且在制动时在换档期间保持恒定速度时满足。
4.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中,当所述制动模式为弱制动模式时,所述控制器还配置为:
根据所述行驶信息来计算总制动扭矩;
根据所述总制动扭矩,基于驱动轮,通过计算再生制动扭矩来进行再生制动控制,并且进行减档以及扭矩干预控制;以及
在所述驱动电动机速度和与在惯性阶段开始之后的目标档位级对应的速度同步之前,完成常开元件的接合,
其中,所述惯性阶段为在减档时进行常闭元件的释放和常开元件的接合期间增加所述驱动电动机速度的阶段。
5.根据权利要求4所述的装置,其中,当所述制动踏板的位置值小于预定值时,满足所述弱制动模式。
6.根据权利要求2所述的装置,其中,所述控制器配置为根据所述行驶信息来计算扭矩干预量,并且操作所述驱动电动机以跟随所述扭矩干预量。
7.根据权利要求4所述的装置,其中,所述控制器配置为根据所述行驶信息来计算扭矩干预量,并且操作所述驱动电动机以跟随所述扭矩干预量。
8.根据权利要求2所述的装置,其中,所述控制器配置为基于所述车辆速度和所述制动踏板的位置值来计算所述总制动扭矩。
9.根据权利要求4所述的装置,其中,所述控制器配置为基于所述车辆速度和所述制动踏板的位置值来计算所述总制动扭矩。
10.一种控制包括驱动电动机的车辆的方法,包括:
根据包括车辆速度、制动踏板的位置值和驱动电动机速度的行驶信息,由控制器确定所述车辆是否制动;
当所述车辆制动时,根据所述行驶信息,由所述控制器确定制动模式;以及
在制动期间,由所述控制器进行再生制动控制、减档以及扭矩干预控制;
其中,在所述减档期间,基于所述制动模式来调整换档完成时点。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中,所述制动模式包括电动机恒定扭矩模式和弱制动模式。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中,所述电动机恒定扭矩模式在所述驱动电动机速度小于预定速度并且在制动时在换档期间保持恒定速度时满足。
13.根据权利要求11所述的方法,还包括当所述制动模式为电动机恒定扭矩模式时:
根据所述行驶信息,由所述控制器计算总制动扭矩;
根据所述总制动扭矩,基于驱动轮,通过计算再生制动扭矩,由所述控制器进行再生制动控制,并且进行减档和扭矩干预控制;以及
当所述驱动电动机速度和与在惯性阶段开始之后的目标档位级对应的速度同步时,由所述控制器完成常开元件的接合,
其中,所述惯性阶段为在减档时进行常闭元件的释放和常开元件的接合期间增加驱动电动机速度的阶段。
14.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中,当所述制动踏板的位置值小于预定值时,满足所述弱制动模式。
15.根据权利要求11所述的方法,还包括当所述制动模式为弱制动模式时:
根据所述行驶信息,由所述控制器来计算总制动扭矩;
根据所述总制动扭矩,基于驱动轮,通过计算再生制动扭矩,由所述控制器进行再生制动控制,并且进行减档和扭矩干预控制;以及
在所述驱动电动机速度和与在惯性阶段开始之后的目标档位级对应的速度同步之前,由所述控制器完成常开元件的接合,
其中,所述惯性阶段为在减档时进行常闭元件的释放和常开元件的接合期间增加驱动电动机速度的阶段。
16.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中,根据所述行驶信息来计算所述扭矩干预量,并且当进行所述扭矩干预控制时,所述驱动电动机被操作为跟随所述扭矩干预量。
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