CN108372800A - 用于降低电动车辆的噪声、振动、和粗糙性的车辆系统和方法 - Google Patents

用于降低电动车辆的噪声、振动、和粗糙性的车辆系统和方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108372800A
CN108372800A CN201810074775.1A CN201810074775A CN108372800A CN 108372800 A CN108372800 A CN 108372800A CN 201810074775 A CN201810074775 A CN 201810074775A CN 108372800 A CN108372800 A CN 108372800A
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China
Prior art keywords
electric vehicle
output torque
road grade
motor
engine
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CN201810074775.1A
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English (en)
Inventor
贾斯汀·鲁埃尔·巴杰
大窪俊介
肯特·汉考克
托马斯·佛朗西斯·罗莱维奇
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
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    • B60W30/18009—Propelling the vehicle related to particular drive situations
    • B60W30/18109—Braking
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/28—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the electric energy storing means, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
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Abstract

一种方法包括在电动车辆处于驻车状态并且已经接收到发动机起动或停止请求的情况下，通过自动地控制来自电机的输出扭矩以控制电动车辆。道路坡度可以用来确定是否控制输出扭矩。

Description

用于降低电动车辆的噪声、振动、和粗糙性的车辆系统和方法
技术领域
本公开涉及用于电动车辆的系统和方法。控制电动车辆的示例性方法包括在电动车辆处于驻车状态并且已经接收到发动机起动或停止请求的情况下，自动控制电机向车辆传动系的一部分输出扭矩。
背景技术
减少汽车燃油消耗和排放的需求有据可查。因此，正在开发减少或完全消除对内燃发动机的依赖的车辆。为此目的，目前正在开发电动车辆。通常，电动车辆与常规机动车辆不同，因为电动车辆由一个或多个以电池供电的电机来选择性地驱动。相反地，传统的机动车辆完全依靠内燃发动机来驱动和推进车辆。
一些电动车辆，如混合动力电动车辆(hybrid electric vehicle，HEV)，配备有发动机和电机二者。在驻车状态起动HEV的发动机可能产生噪声、振动、和粗糙性。车辆操作者可能并不期望如此。
发明内容
根据本公开的示例性方面的一种方法包括：在电动车辆处于驻车状态、已经接收到发动机起动或停止请求、并且道路坡度小于预定道路坡度阈值的情况下，通过自动地将输出扭矩从电机施加到车辆传动系的一部分来控制电动车辆。
在前述方法的另一个非限制性实施例中，该方法包括在施加输出扭矩后起动电动车辆的发动机。
在任一前述方法的另一个非限制性实施例中，该方法包括在发动机起动后消除输出扭矩。
在任何前述方法的另一个非限制性实施例中，该方法包括在施加输出扭矩后停止电动车辆的发动机。
在任何前述方法的另一个非限制性实施例中，该方法包括在发动机停止后消除输出扭矩。
在任何前述方法的另一个非限制性实施例中，该电机是电动马达或发电机。
在任何前述方法的另一个非限制性实施例中，换挡装置指示电动车辆是否处于驻车状态。
在任何前述方法的另一个非限制性实施例中，该方法包括确定在施加输出扭矩前是否已经接收到发动机起动或停止请求。
在任何前述方法的另一个非限制性实施例中，施加输出扭矩使棘爪移动为与驻车锁定机构的棘轮进一步啮合。
在任何前述方法的另一个非限制性实施例中，该方法包括在施加输出扭矩前确定道路坡度。
在任何前述方法的另一个非限制性实施例中，该方法包括：在道路坡度超过预定道路坡度阈值的前提下，在不施加输出扭矩的情况下起动或停止电动车辆。
在任何前述方法的另一个非限制性实施例中，以施加输出扭矩模拟施加车辆制动，以避免车辆意外移动并且降低在发动机起动或停止请求期间不希望的噪声、振动、和粗糙性。
根据本公开的另一个示例性方面的一种电动车辆包括传动系和电机。控制系统配置有指令，该指令用于在电动车辆处于驻车状态、已经接收到发动机起动或停止请求、并且道路坡度小于预定道路坡度阈值的情况下，自动控制电机对传动系的一部分提供输出扭矩。
在前述电动车辆的另一个非限制性实施例中，换挡装置指示电动车辆是否处于驻车状态。
在任一前述电动车辆的另一个非限制性实施例中，道路坡度确定系统配置为测量或估算道路坡度。
在任何前述电动车辆的另一个非限制性实施例中，控制系统配置有用于在发动机起动后移除输出扭矩的指令。
在任何前述电动车辆的另一个非限制性实施例中，控制系统配置有用于在发动机停止后移除输出扭矩的指令。
在任何前述电动车辆的另一个非限制性实施例中，该电机是电动马达或发电机。
上述段落的实施例、示例、和替代方案，权利要求，或以下说明书和附图，包括它们的各个方面或相应的各个特征中的任何一个，可以独立地或以任何组合来实现。结合一个实施例描述的特征适用于所有实施例，除非这样的特征不兼容。
通过以下具体实施方式，本公开的各种特征和优点对于本领域技术人员将变得显而易见。伴随具体实施方式的附图可以简要描述如下。
附图说明
图1示意性地示出了电动车辆的动力传动系统；
图2示出了电动车辆的车辆系统；
图3示出了图2的车辆系统的驻车锁定机构的一部分；
图4示意性地示出了用于以降低噪声、振动、和粗糙性的方式来控制电动车辆的车辆控制策略。
具体实施方式
本公开详细描述了以减少电动车辆驾驶员/操作员/乘客感知到的噪声、振动、和粗糙性的量的方式控制电动车辆的车辆系统和方法。一种示例性方法包括：在电动车辆处于驻车状态并且已经接收到发动机起动或停止请求的情况下，通过自动控制电机对传动系的一部分输出扭矩来控制电动车辆。在一些实施例中，仅当道路坡度低于预定道路坡度阈值时才控制电机输出扭矩。这些和其他特征将在本具体实施方式的以下段落中更详细地讨论。
图1示意性地示出了电动车辆12的动力传动系统10。尽管被描述为混合动力电动车辆(HEV)，但是应当理解本文所述的概念不限于HEV，并且可以扩展到其他类型的电动车辆，包括但不限于插电式混合动力电动车辆(plug-in hybrid electric vehicle，PHEV)。
在非限制性实施例中，动力传动系统10是采用第一驱动系统和第二驱动系统的动力分配动力传动系统。第一驱动系统包括发动机14和发电机18(即第一电机)的组合。第二驱动系统至少包括马达22(即第二电机)、发电机18、和电池组24。在该示例中，第二驱动系统被认为是动力传动系统10的电驱动系统。第一和第二驱动系统产生扭矩以驱动电动车辆12的一组或多组车轮28。尽管图1中描绘了动力分配配置，但是本公开延伸到包括完全混合动力、并联混合动力、串联混合动力、轻度混合动力或微型混合动力的任何混合动力或电动车辆。
在一个实施例中是内燃发动机的发动机14以及发电机18可以通过诸如行星齿轮组的动力传输单元30连接。当然，可以使用包括其它齿轮组和传动装置在内的其它类型的动力传输单元将发动机14连接到发电机18。在一个非限制性实施例中，动力传输单元30是包括环形齿轮32、中心齿轮34、和齿轮架组件36的行星齿轮组。
发电机18可以由发动机14通过动力传输单元30驱动，以将动能转换成电能。发电机18可以替代地用作马达以将电能转换成动能，从而向连接到动力传输单元30的轴38输出扭矩。因为发电机18可操作地连接到发动机14，所以发动机14的转速可以由发电机18控制。
动力传输单元30的环形齿轮32可以连接到轴40，轴40通过第二动力传输单元44连接到车轮28。第二动力传输单元44可以包括具有多个齿轮46的齿轮组。其它动力传输单元也可以是合适的。齿轮46将扭矩从发动机14传递到差速器48以最终为车轮28提供牵引力。差速器48可以包括能够传递扭矩到车轮28的多个齿轮。在一个实施例中，第二动力传输单元44通过差速器48机械连接到车轴50以将扭矩分配到车轮28。
马达22也可以用于通过向也连接到第二动力传输单元44的轴52输出扭矩来驱动车轮28。在一个实施例中，马达22和发电机18配合作为再生制动系统的一部分，在再生制动系统中马达22和发电机18二者都可以用作马达来输出扭矩。例如，马达22和发电机18可以各自向电池组24输出电力。
电池组24是示例性的电动车辆电池。电池组24可以是高压牵引电池组，高压牵引电池组包括能够输出电力来操作电动车辆12的马达22和/或其他电负载的多个电池总成25(即电池阵列或电池单元组)。其他类型的能量存储装置和/或输出装置也可用于对电动车辆12进行供电。
在一个非限制性实施例中，电动车辆12具有两种基本操作模式。电动车辆12可以在电动车辆(Electric Vehicle，EV)模式下操作，其中马达22(通常没有来自发动机14的辅助)用于车辆推进，从而消耗电池组24的荷电状态直到在某些驱动模式/周期下电池组24的最大允许放电率。EV模式是电动车辆12的荷电消耗操作模式的示例。在EV模式期间，电池组24的荷电状态在某些情况下(例如由于一段时间的再生制动)可能增加。发动机14在默认EV模式下通常关闭，但是可以根据车辆系统状态或操作者允许的方式在必要时操作发动机14。
额外地，电动车辆12还可以以混合动力(HEV)模式操作，其中发动机14和马达22二者都用于车辆推进。HEV模式是电动车辆12的荷电维持操作模式的示例。在HEV模式期间，电动车辆12可以减小马达22推进使用以便于通过增加发动机14推进而将电池组24的荷电状态保持在恒定或近似恒定的水平。除了EV和HEV模式之外，在本公开的范围内可以以其他操作模式操作电动车辆12。
图2示意性地示出了可以并入电动车辆(例如图1的电动车辆12)的车辆系统60。车辆系统60可用于减少在电动车辆操作期间可能发生的不需要的噪声、振动、和粗糙性。例如，当电动车辆处于驻车状态下(即非驱动挡)起动(或停止)发动机14时，可能会发生非期望的噪声、振动、和粗糙性。车辆系统60设计为解决这些非期望的副作用。在非限制性实施例中，车辆系统60包括发动机14、电机22(例如电动马达或发电机)、变速器35、换挡装置62、点火系统64、制动系统66、照明系统68、道路坡度确定系统69、以及控制系统70。然而应该明白，车辆系统60可以由更少的或额外的部件组成。发动机14、电机22、变速器35、和车轮28一起构成电动车辆传动系的主要部分。
换挡装置62位于电动车辆的乘客舱内，并且通常用于改变变速器35的挡位。例如，换挡装置62可以用于将变速器35换挡为驻车挡(P)、倒车挡(R)、空挡(N)、驱动挡(D)、低速挡(L)等。在第一非限制性实施例中，换挡装置62是可移动以改变挡位的换挡杆。在第二非限制性实施例中，换挡装置62是包括用于改变挡位的一个或多个操纵杆、拨盘、和/或按钮的电子换挡装置。
当换挡装置62处于驻车状态时，变速器35的驻车锁定机构72被接合以大体上锁定变速器35的输出轴74。当接合时，移动驻车锁定机构72的棘爪76使之啮合驻车锁定机构72的棘轮78以锁定输出轴74(参见例如图3)。
点火系统64选择性地用于起动电动车辆。在非限制性实施例中，点火系统64由钥匙操作的点火开关控制。在可替代的非限制性实施例中，点火系统64包括按钮式点火开关，该开关配置为当有效的钥匙或密钥卡位于电动车辆内部或附近时起动车辆。在一些实施例中，发动机起动或停止请求与点火系统64的致动相关。
可以通过锁定车轮28来选择性地致动制动系统66以制动电动车辆。制动系统66可以包括摩擦制动器、驻车制动器、或任何其它制动装置。在非限制性实施例中，制动系统66是包括电子控制单元(electronic controlunit，ECU)80和致动器82的电子制动装置。
照明系统68可以包括位于整个车辆上的多个照明和信号装置，照明和信号装置用于照亮车辆并且向其他驾驶员和/或行人警示车辆的存在以及车辆的驾驶意图。除各种其他照明和信号装置以外，照明系统68包括一个或多个制动灯84，当施加制动系统66时一个或多个制动灯84可以被点亮。
车辆系统60还可以配备有道路坡度确定系统69。道路坡度确定系统69可以使用任何已知的道路坡度测量或估算技术来测量或计算道路坡度。在一个非限制性实施例中，可以基于车辆速度、车辆加速度、横摆率、车轮扭矩、车辆质量、拖曳力等中的一个或多个之间的关系来测量或计算道路坡度。在另一个非限制性实施例中，道路坡度由制动系统66直接测量，并作为车辆等级信号提供给控制系统70。在又一个非限制性实施例中，使用任何已知的道路坡度估算技术来估算道路坡度。虽然示意性地示出为单独的系统，但是道路坡度确定系统69可以是制动系统66或稳定性控制系统的一部分，或者可以是编程到控制系统70中的控制逻辑。
控制系统70编程有用于控制车辆系统60及其各种部件的指令。特别地，控制系统70可以控制车辆系统60的操作，从而以减少不期望的噪声、振动、和粗糙性的方式控制电动车辆。控制系统70可以是电动车辆的车辆系统控制器或任何其他控制器的一部分，或控制系统70可以与电动车辆的车辆系统控制器或任何其他控制器通信。在非限制性实施例中，控制系统70是混合动力动力传动系统控制模块(hybrid powertrain control module，HPCM)的一部分。
控制系统70可以包括配备有用于与车辆系统60的各种部件进行交互和控制车辆系统60的各种部件的操作的可执行指令的一个或多个控制模块。每个这样的控制模块可以包括用于执行车辆系统60的各种控制策略和模式的处理单元和非暂态存储器。
在一个非限制性实施例中，控制系统70向/从用于控制电动车辆的操作的发动机14、电机22、驻车锁定机构72、换挡装置62、点火系统64、制动系统66、照明系统68、以及道路坡度确定系统69中的每一个发送/接收控制信号。在非限制性实施例中，控制系统70可以通过控制器区域网络(controller area network，CAN)与这些部件进行通信。
在另一个非限制性实施例中，控制系统70构造成在换挡装置62处于驻车状态并且已经接收到发动机起动请求的情况下，控制电机22产生输出扭矩，该扭矩施加到电动车辆传动系的一部分。也可以基于由道路坡度确定系统69测量或计算的道路坡度来决定施加输出扭矩。来自电机22的输出扭矩使驻车锁定机构72的棘爪76移动为进一步接合棘轮78。该移动使棘爪76和棘轮78之间的接合不会有延迟或“游隙”，并因此防止车辆意外运动，并且降低在随后的发动机起动或停止期间不希望的噪声、振动、和粗糙性。
在继续参考图1-3的情况下，图4示意性地示出了以减少机动车辆的驾驶员或乘客感知到的噪声、振动、和粗糙性的量的方式控制电动车辆的车辆控制策略100。在非限制性实施例中，控制系统70可以用适于执行车辆控制策略100或任何其它控制策略的一个或多个算法进行编程。
示例性车辆控制策略100在框102开始。在框104，控制策略100确定电动车辆是否处于驻车状态。例如，控制系统70可以监视换挡装置62的状态以确定换挡装置62现在是否处于驻车位置。在非限制性实施例中，换挡装置62可以包括用于将挡位位置信号传送到控制系统的一个或多个传感器。
在换挡装置62被确定为处于驻车状态的情况下，控制策略100进行到框106。在该步骤中，控制策略100确定是否请求了发动机起动或停止。可以使用各种因素来确定是否已经请求发动机的起动或停止，包括但不限于荷电状态或放电极限、气候控制请求、基于气缸盖温度(cylinder head temperature，CHT)的阈值、和催化剂温度维持。
在框104和106二者都返回“是”标记的情况下，控制策略100进行到框108并确定电动车辆在其上操作的道路坡度。在框110，控制策略100确定之前在框108确定的道路坡度是否超过预定道路坡度阈值。在否的情况下，控制策略100通过控制电机22输出扭矩请求信号而进行到框112。然后在框212旋转电机22以产生施加到车辆传动系的一部分(如车轮28)的输出扭矩。
在一个非限制性实施例中，控制系统70将输出扭矩控制请求信号传送到电机22。至传动系的受控制的输出扭矩的量将根据各种因素而变化，因素包括但不限于传动系中存在的延迟量和道路坡度。取决于车辆传动系的反作用力和结构、道路坡度、以及电动车辆相对于路面的位置等因素，来自电机22的输出扭矩可以是正扭矩或负扭矩。
来自电机22的输出扭矩使驻车锁定机构72的棘爪76移动为进一步接合棘轮78。该移动使棘爪76和棘轮78之间的接合不会有延迟或“游隙”，并因此降低在随后的发动机起动或停止期间不希望的噪声、振动、和粗糙性。在车辆起动或驻车期间提供输出扭矩模拟施加车辆的摩擦制动器的行为，而不需要实际施加制动，从而提供更平滑的发动机起动或停止顺序。
在另一个非限制性实施例中，在电机22的输出扭矩程序期间防止照明系统68的制动灯84被点亮。控制系统70在控制策略100期间可与照明系统68通信以防止制动灯84在控制策略100期间被点亮。
可替代地，在框110道路坡度确实超过了预定道路坡度阈值的情况下，控制策略100可以直接进行到框114。在道路坡度足够陡的情况下，对于消除来自车辆传动系的延迟或“游隙”来说，没有必要从电机22施加输出扭矩。
在框114起动或停止发动机14。由于来自电机22的输出扭矩消除了传动系中的任何潜在的延迟，所以在发动机起动或停止期间噪声、振动、和粗糙性受限。在框116确认发动机14已经起动或停止之后，控制策略100通过控制电机22停止产生输出扭矩(在适用的情况下)而进行到框118。
虽然不同的非限制性实施例被示出为具有特定的组件或步骤，但是本公开的实施例不限于那些特定的组合。可以将任何非限制性实施例中的一些组件或特征，与来自任何其他非限制性实施例的特征或组件结合使用。
应当理解，在几个附图中相同的附图标记表示相应的或类似的元件。应当理解，尽管在这些示例性实施例中公开并示出了特定组件布置，但是本公开的教导也可以使其它布置受益。
前述描述应被解释为说明性的而不是任何限制性的。本领域普通技术人员将理解，某些修改可能落入本公开的范围内。出于这些原因，应研究以下权利要求以确定本公开的真实范围和内容。

Claims (18)

1.一种方法，包括：
在电动车辆处于驻车状态、已经接收到发动机起动或停止请求、并且道路坡度小于预定道路坡度阈值的情况下，通过自动地将输出扭矩从电机施加到车辆传动系的一部分来控制所述电动车辆。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，包括在施加所述输出扭矩后起动所述电动车辆的发动机。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法，包括在所述发动机起动后消除所述输出扭矩。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，包括在施加所述输出扭矩后停止所述电动车辆的所述发动机。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法，包括在所述发动机停止后消除所述输出扭矩。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述电机是电动马达或发电机。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中换挡装置指示所述电动车辆是否处于所述驻车状态。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中包括在施加所述输出扭矩前确定是否已经接收到所述发动机起动或停止请求。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中施加所述输出扭矩使棘爪移动为进一步啮合驻车锁定机构的棘轮。
10.根据权利要求1所述的方法，包括在施加所述输出扭矩前确定所述道路坡度。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法，包括在所述道路坡度超过所述预定道路坡度阈值的前提下，在不施加所述输出扭矩的情况下起动或停止所述电动车辆。
12.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中以施加所述输出扭矩模拟施加车辆制动，以避免车辆意外移动并且降低在所述发动机起动或停止请求期间不希望的噪声、振动、和粗糙性。
13.一种电动车辆，包括：
传动系；
电机；和
控制系统，所述控制系统配置有指令，所述指令用于在所述电动车辆处于驻车状态、已经接收到发动机起动或停止请求、并且道路坡度小于预定道路坡度阈值的情况下，自动控制所述电机对所述传动系的一部分提供输出扭矩。
14.根据权利要求13所述的电动车辆，包括换挡装置，所述换挡装置指示所述电动车辆是否处于所述驻车状态。
15.根据权利要求13所述的电动车辆，包括道路坡度确定系统，所述道路坡度确定系统配置为测量或估算所述道路坡度。
16.根据权利要求13所述的电动车辆，其中所述控制系统配置有用于在所述发动机起动后移除所述输出扭矩的指令。
17.根据权利要求13所述的电动车辆，其中所述控制系统配置有用于在所述发动机停止后移除所述输出扭矩的指令。
18.根据权利要求13所述的电动车辆，其中所述电机是电动马达或发电机。
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