CN108357342A - 混合动力车辆中的分离器 - Google Patents

混合动力车辆中的分离器 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108357342A
CN108357342A CN201810076196.0A CN201810076196A CN108357342A CN 108357342 A CN108357342 A CN 108357342A CN 201810076196 A CN201810076196 A CN 201810076196A CN 108357342 A CN108357342 A CN 108357342A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
clutch
engine
vehicle according
vehicle
motor
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Pending
Application number
CN201810076196.0A
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English (en)
Inventor
安东尼·马里奥·迪`阿马托
凯琳·罗维特
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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Publication of CN108357342A publication Critical patent/CN108357342A/zh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
    • B60K17/16—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of differential gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K23/00—Arrangement or mounting of control devices for vehicle transmissions, or parts thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • B60K23/04—Arrangement or mounting of control devices for vehicle transmissions, or parts thereof, not otherwise provided for for differential gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2400/00—Special features of vehicle units
    • B60Y2400/42—Clutches or brakes
    • B60Y2400/421—Dog type clutches or brakes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

公开了一种混合动力车辆中的分离器。一种车辆包括被配置为将动力传动到车辆的后轮的电动马达。车辆还包括机械分离器，其被配置为：在闭合时，接合对应于后轮的多个半轴以及结合到差速器的传动轴，并且在断开时，接合传动轴而不接合所述多个半轴。

Description

混合动力车辆中的分离器
技术领域
本公开涉及一种车辆，其可以利用车辆电池和马达结合发动机来将动力传动到车轮。
背景技术
已知混合动力车辆具有内燃发动机和与马达一起工作的电池，它们可以向混合动力车辆的传动系提供动能。扭矩和动力流可以通过马达和/或发动机经由传动轴和用于各个后轮的半轴被传送到后轮。扭矩和动力流也可以从后轮经由半轴和传动轴被传送到马达和/或发动机。
发明内容
第一说明性实施例公开了一种车辆，其包括被配置为将动力传动到车辆的后轮的电动马达。车辆还包括机械分离器，其被配置为：在闭合时，接合对应于后轮的多个半轴以及结合到差速器的传动轴，并且在断开时，接合传动轴而不接合所述多个半轴。
第二说明性实施例公开了一种电动车辆，其包括差速器，差速器包括被构造为经由传动轴从发动机接收动力的第一输入和被构造为从马达接收动力的第二输入。电动车辆还包括离合器，离合器与差速器可驱动地连通，并且被配置为：在断开位置，允许从马达到传动轴的动力流动并阻止从马达到后轮的动力流动，并且在闭合位置，允许从马达到传动轴和后轮的动力流动。
第三说明性实施例公开了一种车辆，其包括后差速器，后差速器包括邻近传动装置的第一输入，第一输入经由传动轴与发动机可驱动地连通，所述传动轴连接到后差速器的第二输入。车辆还包括电动马达，电动马达经由传动装置与后差速器可驱动地连通，并且被配置为：分别经由第一半轴和第二半轴向车辆的第一后轮和第二后轮传动动力。车辆还包括位于第一半轴和第二半轴处的一个或更多个机械分离器，所述一个或更多个机械分离器被配置为：在闭合时，分别驱动第一后轮和第二后轮，并且在断开时，接合连接到发动机的传动轴而不接合第一半轴和第二半轴。
附图说明
图1示出了混合动力电动车辆(HEV)以及部件之间的代表性关系的示意图。
图2示出了HEV的替代实施例，其包括位于各个半轴上的机械分离器。
图3A示出了当HEV使发动机和电动马达驱动车轮时且当车辆速度大于零且离合器闭合时的扭矩/动力流动图。
图3B示出了当HEV使发动机给车辆电池充电并驱动车轮时且当车辆速度大于零且离合器闭合时的扭矩/动力流动图。
图3C示出了当HEV使车轮驱动电动马达(再生制动)、车辆速度大于零且离合器闭合时的扭矩/动力流动图。
图4A示出了当HEV处于运行中且发动机驱动电动马达时且当车辆速度大于或等于零且离合器断开时的扭矩/动力流动图。
图4B示出了当HEV处于运行中且电动马达驱动发动机时且当车辆速度大于或等于零且离合器断开时的扭矩/动力流动图。
具体实施方式
根据需要，在此公开本发明的详细实施例。然而，将理解的是，公开的实施例仅为本发明的示例，本发明可以以各种可替代的形式实现。附图不一定按比例绘制；可夸大或最小化一些特征以示出特定部件的细节。因此，在此公开的具体结构和功能细节不应被解释为限制，而仅作为用于教导本领域技术人员以各种方式使用本发明的代表性基础。
一些混合动力架构(例如，P3)包括存在于变速器之后的马达，通过在差速器之前将内燃发动机(ICE)扭矩与电动马达扭矩相加来驱动后轮。在这样的架构中，在动力传动系统不与车轮断开连接的情况下，当车辆静止时，牵引马达可能无法用于对混合动力车辆电池进行充电。考虑到该路径上的大量扭矩以及所需硬件和控制的复杂性，应当避免机械断开。
参照图1，示出了根据本公开的实施例的混合动力电动车辆(HEV)10的示意图。图1示出了部件之间的代表性关系。部件在车辆内的物理位置和方向可以改变。HEV 10包括动力传动系统。动力传动系统包括驱动传动装置16的发动机14。如将在下面进一步详细描述的，传动装置16可以包括电机(诸如电动马达/发电机(M/G))、相关联的牵引电池、变矩器以及多级阶梯传动比自动变速器或齿轮箱。
发动机14和M/G 18两者都是HEV 10的驱动源。发动机14通常代表可以包括内燃发动机(诸如，汽油、柴油或天然气驱动的发动机)或燃料电池的动力源。发动机14产生发动机动力和对应的发动机扭矩，当发动机14和M/G 18之间的分离离合器至少部分地接合时，所述发动机动力和对应的发动机扭矩被供应到M/G 18。M/G 18可以由多种类型的电机中的任何一种来实现。例如，M/G 18可以是永磁同步马达。如下文将描述的，电力电子器件将电池提供的直流(DC)电力调节至符合M/G 18的要求。例如，电力电子器件可向M/G 18提供三相交流电(AC)。
当分离离合器至少部分地接合时，从发动机14到M/G 18或从M/G 18到发动机14的动力流动是可能的。例如，分离离合器可接合，并且M/G 18可以作为发电机运转，以将由曲轴和M/G轴提供的旋转能转换成电能储存在与马达相关联的电池中。分离离合器也可分离，以将发动机与动力传动系统的其它部分隔离，使得M/G 18可以用作HEV 10的唯一驱动源。轴延伸通过M/G 18。发动机14持续地可驱动地连接到轴(例如，传动轴36)，而M/G 18仅在分离离合器至少部分地接合时才可驱动地连接到轴36。
M/G 18经由轴连接到变矩器(例如，位于马达/发电机-传动装置19中)。M/G 18可包括其自己的不同于传动装置16的传动系统19。因此，当分离离合器至少部分地接合时，变矩器连接到发动机14。变矩器可包括固定到轴36的泵轮和固定到变速器输入轴的涡轮。因此，变矩器在轴36与变速器输入轴之间提供液力耦合。当泵轮旋转得比涡轮快时，变矩器将动力从泵轮传递至涡轮。涡轮扭矩和泵轮扭矩的大小通常取决于相对转速。当泵轮转速与涡轮转速之比足够高时，涡轮扭矩是泵轮扭矩的数倍。还可设置变矩器旁通离合器(还称为变矩器锁止离合器)，其在接合时将变矩器的泵轮和涡轮摩擦地或机械地结合，以允许更高效的动力传输。变矩器旁通离合器可以作为起步离合器运转，以提供平稳的车辆起步。可替代地或者相结合地，对于不包括变矩器或变矩器旁通离合器的应用，可以在M/G 18和齿轮箱之间设置类似于分离离合器的起步离合器。在一些应用中，分离离合器通常称为上游离合器，而起步离合器(可以是变矩器旁通离合器)通常称为下游离合器。
如图1中的代表性实施例所示，输出轴36连接到差速器40。差速器40经由连接到差速器40的各个车桥44或半轴44驱动一对车轮42。差速器向每个车轮42传递大致相等的扭矩，同时允许轻微的转速差异(诸如当车辆转弯时)。可以使用不同类型的差速器或类似的装置将扭矩从动力传动系统分配到一个或更多个车轮。例如，在一些应用中，扭矩分配可根据特定的运转模式或工况而改变。
动力传动系统可包括诸如动力传动系统控制单元(PCU)的相关联的控制器。虽然示出为一个控制器，但控制器可以是较大的控制系统的一部分并且可以受整个车辆10中的多个其它控制器(诸如车辆系统控制器(VSC))控制。因此，应理解的是，动力传动系统控制单元和一个或更多个其它控制器可以统称为“控制器”，所述“控制器”响应于来自多个传感器的信号而控制多个致动器以控制多种功能，诸如启动/停止发动机14、运转M/G 18以提供车轮扭矩或为电池充电、选择或计划变速器换挡等。控制器可包括与多种类型的计算机可读存储装置或介质通信的微处理器或中央处理器(CPU)。例如，计算机可读存储装置或介质可包括只读存储器(ROM)、随机存取存储器(RAM)和保活存储器(KAM)中的易失性和非易失性存储器。KAM是可以用于在CPU掉电时存储多个操作变量的持久性或非易失性存储器。计算机可读存储装置或介质可以使用多个已知的存储装置中的任何存储装置来实施，诸如PROM(可编程只读存储器)、EPROM(电可编程只读存储器)、EEPROM(电可擦除可编程只读存储器)、闪存或能够存储数据的任何其它电、磁、光学或其组合的存储装置，这些数据中的一些代表由控制器使用以控制发动机或车辆的可执行指令。
控制器经由输入/输出(I/O)接口(包括输入信道和输出信道)与多个发动机/车辆传感器和致动器通信，所述输入/输出(I/O)接口可以实现为提供各种原始数据或信号调节、处理和/或转换、短路保护等的单个集成接口。或者，在特定信号被提供至CPU之前，一个或更多个专用硬件或固件芯片可以用于调节和处理所述特定信号。如图1中的代表性实施例总体上示出的，控制器可以将信号发送到发动机14、分离离合器(例如，位于差速器40内)、M/G 18、电池、起步离合器、传动装置齿轮箱和电力电子器件和/或从它们接收信号。尽管未明确说明，但是本领域的普通技术人员将识别出在上述每个子系统内可由控制器控制的各种功能或组件。可使用由控制器执行的控制逻辑和/或算法直接或间接致动的参数、系统和/或部件的代表性示例包括燃料喷射正时、速率和持续时间、节气门位置、火花塞点火正时(针对火花点火式发动机)、进气门/排气门正时和持续时间、诸如交流发电机的前端附件驱动(FEAD)部件、空调压缩机、电池充电或放电(包括确定最大充电和放电功率限制)、再生制动、M/G运转、用于分离离合器、起步离合器和传动装置齿轮箱的离合器压力等。通过I/O接口传输输入的传感器可以用于指示例如涡轮增压器增压压力、曲轴位置(PIP)、发动机转速(RPM)、车轮转速(WS1、WS2)、车速(VSS)、冷却剂温度(ECT)、进气歧管压力(MAP)、加速踏板位置(PPS)、点火开关位置(IGN)、节气门位置(TP)、空气温度(TMP)、排气氧(EGO)或其它排气成分浓度或存在度、进气流量(MAF)、变速器的挡位、传动比或模式、变速器油温(TOT)、传动装置涡轮转速(TS)、变矩器旁通离合器状态(TCC)、减速或换挡模式(MDE)、电池的温度、电压、电流或荷电状态(SOC)。
可以通过一个或更多个附图中的流程图或类似图表来表示由控制器执行的控制逻辑或功能。这些附图提供可以使用一个或更多个处理策略(诸如事件驱动、中断驱动、多任务、多线程等)来实现的代表性控制策略和/或逻辑。因此，示出的多个步骤或功能可以以示出的顺序执行、并行执行或在某些情况下有所省略。尽管没有总是明确地说明，但是本领域的普通技术人员将认识到，根据使用的特定处理策略可以重复执行说明的步骤或功能中的一个或更多个。类似地，处理顺序对于实现在此描述的特征和优点并非是必需的，而是为了便于说明和描述而提供。控制逻辑可以主要在通过基于微处理器的车辆、发动机和/或动力传动系统控制器(诸如控制器)执行的软件中实现。当然，根据特定应用，可以在一个或更多个控制器中的软件、硬件或者软件和硬件的组合中实现控制逻辑。当在软件中实现时，控制逻辑可以设置在具有代表通过计算机执行以控制车辆或其子系统的代码或指令的存储数据的一个或更多个计算机可读存储装置或介质中。计算机可读存储装置或介质可以包括利用电、磁和/或光学存储器来保持可执行指令和关联的校准信息、操作变量等的多个已知物理装置中的一个或更多个。
为了利用发动机14驱动车辆，分离离合器至少部分地接合，以通过分离离合器将至少一部分发动机扭矩传递至M/G 18，然后从M/G 18传递通过变矩器和齿轮箱。M/G 18可以通过提供额外动力来转动轴36而辅助发动机14。该运转模式可称为“混合动力模式”或“电动辅助模式”。
为了使用M/G 18作为唯一动力源来驱动车辆，除了分离离合器将发动机14与动力传动系统的其余部分隔离以外，动力流保持不变。在这段时间期间可以禁止发动机14中的燃烧或者以其它方式关闭发动机14以节省燃料。牵引电池可将储存的电能通过线路传输至可包括(例如)逆变器的电力电子器件。电力电子器件可将来自电池的DC电压转换成AC电压以供M/G 18使用。控制器可命令电力电子器件将来自电池的电压转换为AC电压提供给M/G18以将正扭矩或负扭矩提供到轴36。该运转模式可以称为“纯电动”或“EV”运转模式。
在任意运转模式中，M/G 18可用作马达并为动力传动系统提供驱动力。可选地，M/G 18可用作发电机并将来自动力传动系统的动能转换成电能储存在电池中。例如，当发动机14正为车辆10提供推进动力时，M/G 18可用作发电机。M/G 18还可在再生制动期间用作发电机，在再生制动中，来自旋转车轮42的扭矩和旋转(或动力)能量或功率经齿轮箱、变矩器(和/或变矩器旁通离合器)回传并被转换为电能用于储存在电池中。
应理解，图1中示出的示意图仅仅是示例性的并不意味着限制。可以考虑利用发动机和马达两者的选择性接合来通过变速器进行传递的其它配置。例如，M/G 18可以相对于传动系统16偏移，可以设置额外的马达17(例如起动发电一体机或ISG)以启动发动机14，和/或M/G 18可以设置在变矩器和齿轮箱之间。诸如起动发电一体机(ISG)的马达17可以允许HEV发动机14在怠速停止之后立即安静地重新启动，这可以允许发动机停止运转以节省燃料和排放。当车辆正在运行时，ISG 17可以产生电力，该电力用于供给电动装置和/或为电池充电。ISG 17还可以用于例如在再生制动期间通过产生电力来帮助减速车辆。产生的电力可以给电池充电并降低燃料消耗。如果在怠速停止期间离合器将ISG 17和空调压缩机与发动机断开连接，则ISG 17可以通过带来驱动空调压缩机。在不脱离本公开的范围的情况下，可以考虑其它配置。
在再生制动期间，可能有利的是，HEV 10的控制系统协调动力传动系统和制动系统的操作以使燃料经济性最大化同时还考虑车辆操纵性。这可通过在再生制动事件期间调节控制系统以考虑车轮扭矩计划(可包括防抖冲(anti-jerk)控制)来实现。在再生制动期间未考虑车轮扭矩计划会在制动期间导致扭矩孔(torque hole)，这是因为制动控制不知晓动力传动系统的实际状态。这还可导致传动装置不必要地调节变矩器的容量而在动力传动系统实际上并未如此请求时处理更多的负扭矩，造成能量浪费。
图2示出了HEV的替代实施例，其包括位于各个半轴上的机械分离器(mechanicaldisconnect)。在这样的实施例中，第一离合器或分离器201和第二离合器或分离器203可以位于各个半轴44上。因此，当第一离合器201和第二离合器203处于断开位置时，电动马达18将仅通过传动轴36将扭矩和动力传递到发动机40。
第一离合器201和第二离合器203可以是环/半轴接口处的牙嵌离合器(诸如单摩擦牙嵌离合器)或单向离合器。单离合器可以被构造成与环选择性地接合到半轴44。在又一实施例中，第一离合器201和第二离合器203可以是电子控制的液压摇臂单向离合器。啮合的齿轮元件可以具有固定传动比，该固定传动比被配置成当离合器接合时在发动机和输出轴之间限定超速传动速度和扭矩关系。控制器可被配置成响应于各种工况而选择性地命令离合器接合或分离。当然也可以使用在发动机和输出轴之间施加超速传动速度关系的其它齿轮传动装置。用于电动马达18输入到差速器的替代小齿轮位置也可以位于离合器的环上。
图3A示出了当HEV的车轮由发动机和电动马达驱动时并且当车辆速度大于零且离合器闭合时的扭矩/动力流动图。因此，车辆正在运动并且车辆可以处于发动机和电动马达二者都在提供牵引力的全功率模式。当马达18和发动机40二者正在驱动车轮42并且离合器或分离器闭合时，传动轴扭矩/动力流301从发动机40流向差速器。驾驶员侧车轮动力流305和乘客侧车轮动力流303被传送到车轮42。马达18通过闭合的离合器或差速器将马达动力流307传送到车轮42。
图3B示出了当HEV使发动机给车辆电池充电并驱动车轮时且当车辆速度大于零且离合器闭合时的扭矩/动力流动图。因此，车辆正在运动，车辆可以利用多余的发动机功率来给车辆电池充电。马达可用于将发动机设定为理想的燃料消耗(例如，燃料经济性模式)。发动机40可以产生通过传动系统16的传动轴扭矩/动力流309。驾驶员侧车轮动力流313和乘客侧车轮动力流311被传送到车轮42。此外，马达动力流315被传送到马达18。进而，马达动力流315被用来给电池充电。
图3C示出了车轮驱动电动马达(例如，再生制动)、车辆速度大于零且离合器闭合时HEV的扭矩/动力流动图。当车轮42正在驱动马达18时，乘客侧车轮动力流321和驾驶员侧车轮扭矩/动力流323将传递通过差速器和分离器。乘客侧车轮扭矩/动力流321和驾驶员侧车轮动力流323将被组合以将马达扭矩/动力流319传递到电动马达18。这种情况可允许电池被充电并且补给摩擦制动器。
图4A示出了HEV处于运行中且发动机驱动电动马达、HEV的车辆速度大于或等于零且离合器断开时的扭矩/动力流动图。在图4A中，发动机40正在驱动电动马达18，并且车辆正在以大于或等于零的速度行驶。传动轴通过传动系统16传递来自发动机40的扭矩和动力流401。当离合器或机械分离器断开时，扭矩和动力流403被传递到马达18。车轮42和驱动轴44不接收来自发动机40的扭矩和动力流401中的任何扭矩和动力。相反，动力流被绕过。因此，断开的离合器或机械分离器可以在混合动力车辆静止时给混合动力车辆电池充电。在没有这样的离合器或分离器的情况下，当车辆静止时，HEV可能无法对混合动力电池进行充电，这是因为需要将扭矩和动力流传递到车轮42。
图4B示出了当HEV处于运行中且电动马达正在驱动发动机、车辆速度大于或等于零且离合器断开时的扭矩/动力流动图。在图4B中，电动马达18正在驱动发动机40，并且车辆正在以大于或等于零的速度行驶。当离合器或机械分离器断开且马达18正在驱动发动机40时，扭矩和动力流407被传递到传动轴。车轮42和驱动轴44不接收来自马达18的扭矩和动力流407中的任何扭矩和动力。相反，动力流从车轮被绕到传动轴。传动轴经由传动系统16将扭矩和动力流405传递到发动机40。因此，断开的离合器或机械分离器可以在混合动力车辆静止时给混合动力车辆电池充电。在没有这样的离合器或分离器的情况下，HEV可能在发动机启动期间包括一些车轮运动，使得车辆在发动机启动事件期间向前或向后摇晃。
虽然以上描述了示例性实施例，但是这些实施例不意在描述了本发明的所有可能形式。更确切地，说明书中使用的词语为描述性词语而非限制性词语，并且应理解的是，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下可以做出各种改变。此外，可以组合各个实施的实施例的特征以形成本发明的进一步的实施例。

Claims (20)

1.一种车辆，包括：
电动马达，被配置为将动力传动到车辆的后轮；和
机械分离器，被配置为：在闭合时，接合对应于后轮的多个半轴以及结合到差速器的传动轴，并且在断开时，接合传动轴而不接合所述多个半轴。
2.根据权利要求1所述的车辆，其中，机械分离器被配置为在内燃发动机正在运转且车辆静止时选择性地允许电动空调运行。
3.根据权利要求2所述的车辆，其中，机械分离器的闭合位置允许动力流到发动机和后轮。
4.根据权利要求2所述的车辆，其中，机械分离器的断开位置被配置为将电动马达与后轮断开连接。
5.根据权利要求1所述的车辆，其中，机械分离器是牙嵌离合器。
6.根据权利要求1所述的车辆，其中，机械分离器位于对应于驾驶员侧后轮胎的一个半轴上。
7.一种电动车辆，包括：
差速器，包括被构造为经由传动轴从发动机接收动力的第一输入和被构造为从马达接收动力的第二输入；和
离合器，与差速器可驱动地连通，并且被配置为：在断开位置，允许从马达到传动轴的动力流动并阻止从马达到后轮的动力流动，并且在闭合位置，允许从马达到传动轴和后轮的动力流动。
8.根据权利要求7所述的电动车辆，其中，所述离合器是牙嵌离合器，所述牙嵌离合器被配置为：在闭合位置，接合对应于后轮的多个半轴以及传动轴。
9.根据权利要求7所述的电动车辆，其中，所述离合器位于连接到驾驶员侧后轮胎的半轴上。
10.根据权利要求7所述的电动车辆，其中，所述离合器位于连接到乘客侧后轮胎的半轴上。
11.根据权利要求7所述的电动车辆，其中，所述离合器还被配置为：在断开位置，当发动机正在运转且车辆静止时，允许车辆的电动空调系统运行。
12.根据权利要求7所述的电动车辆，其中，所述离合器还被配置为：在闭合位置，允许动力流到发动机和后轮。
13.根据权利要求7所述的电动车辆，其中，所述离合器还被配置为：在断开位置，将马达与后轮断开连接。
14.根据权利要求7所述的电动车辆，其中，所述离合器位于差速器内。
15.一种车辆，包括：
后差速器，包括邻近传动装置的第一输入，第一输入经由传动轴与发动机可驱动地连通，所述传动轴连接到后差速器的第二输入；
电动马达，经由传动装置与后差速器可驱动地连通，并且被配置为：分别经由第一半轴和第二半轴向车辆的第一后轮和第二后轮传动动力；和
一个或更多个机械分离器，位于第一半轴和第二半轴处，并被配置为：在闭合时，分别驱动第一后轮和第二后轮，并且在断开时，接合连接到发动机的传动轴而不接合第一半轴和第二半轴。
16.根据权利要求15所述的车辆，其中，第一半轴邻近后差速器的第三输入，并且第二半轴邻近后差速器的第四输入。
17.根据权利要求15所述的车辆，其中，所述一个或更多个机械分离器还被配置为：在断开时，允许动力流到发动机和后轮。
18.根据权利要求15所述的车辆，其中，所述一个或更多个机械分离器被配置为：当发动机正在运转且车辆静止时，选择性地允许电动空调运行。
19.根据权利要求15所述的车辆，其中，所述一个或更多个机械分离器包括牙嵌离合器。
20.根据权利要求15所述的车辆，其中，所述一个或更多个机械分离器还被配置为：在断开时，当发动机正在运转且车辆静止时，允许车辆的电动空调系统运行。
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