CN108355971B

CN108355971B - Soybean sieve separator

Info

Publication number: CN108355971B
Application number: CN201810378904.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 周罕觅; 胡双卫; 赵娜; 燕辉; 牛晓丽; 张洋; 姚昊明
Original assignee: Henan University of Science and Technology
Current assignee: Henan University of Science and Technology
Priority date: 2018-04-25
Filing date: 2018-04-25
Publication date: 2023-08-01
Anticipated expiration: 2038-04-25
Also published as: CN108355971A

Abstract

The utility model provides a soybean screening machine, includes casing, intermittent type feeding mechanism, primary screening mechanism, grading mechanism and signal processing assembly, is provided with the feeder hopper on the casing, is provided with the soybean flow control gate that is used for controlling in order to control the flow and the velocity of flow that soybean left the feeder hopper in the feeder hopper, and this application utilizes rolling friction force to be less than sliding friction force principle, and sieve board primary screening wrinkle grain, mould grain soybean and stone, rotary drum rotation utilizes centrifugal force principle to separate out different diameter soybeans, and structure, principle are simple; the whole screening process is that each mechanism works independently, and when faults occur, the reasons of the faults can be judged through different reflection of the machine; the invention has small volume and is suitable for small farmers in China.

Description

Soybean sieve separator

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of agricultural product processing machinery, in particular to an agricultural product sorting device.

Background

The soybean is an indispensable food in daily life of people, is deeply favored by masses of people because of being rich in protein, isoflavone, fat and various vitamins and microelements, so the soybean and various bean products processed by people are common delicious dishes on dining tables. Soybeans are cultivated from ancient times in China, have a planting history of over 5000 years so far, and are produced in northeast, north China, shaanxi, chuan and Yangtze river downstream areas at present. In the soybean harvesting process, firstly, the soybeans in the pods are required to be dehulled, then the soybeans are required to be spread and aired, and the soybeans can be stored in a warehouse only after free water of the soybeans is dehydrated. During the whole process, impurities such as pods, stones, silt and the like cannot be mixed in the soybeans, meanwhile, in the maturing process, adverse factors of shrinkage, mildew and uneven grain size possibly caused by various reasons of some soybeans can seriously influence the quality of the soybeans, and the soybean screening is particularly important.

The agricultural soybean screening device disclosed in the Chinese patent No. 107617556A converts potential energy of soybeans into kinetic energy of repeated screening of a vibrating screen, saves energy and improves working efficiency, but when the device works, part of soybeans possibly fall into a meshing gap between a circular rack and a straight rack in the process of falling onto the vibrating screen from a fan-shaped cylinder, so that mechanical faults are caused. The soybean screening device with variable screening diameter disclosed in Chinese patent No. 107234053A is characterized in that the relative positions of two opposite D-shaped holes are changed by utilizing a movable inner cylinder, so that the screening diameter is changed, the working is reliable, the efficiency is high, but the shrunken and moldy soybeans cannot be screened out well.

At present, the existing soybean screening device on the market is generally screened by a large-scale equipment screening machine, and the screening equipment has high price, large volume and inconvenient movement and is not suitable for small farmers in common rural areas of China. In order to solve the existing problems, the invention provides a soybean screening device.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problems that in the existing sorting device, the soybean which is easy to be doped with shriveled and mildewed, inedible substances such as stones, pods, silt and the like and the soybean easily fall into a transmission system to cause mechanical faults, and provides a soybean screening machine.

The invention solves the technical problems, and adopts the following technical scheme:

the soybean screening machine comprises a shell, an intermittent feeding mechanism, a primary screening mechanism, a grading mechanism and a signal processing assembly, wherein a feed hopper is arranged on the shell, a soybean flow control gate for controlling the flow rate and the flow rate of soybean leaving the feed hopper is arranged in the feed hopper, the intermittent feeding mechanism comprises a first motor, a fixed disc and a rotating disc which are arranged on the shell, the fixed disc is fixed on the shell and arranged under the feed hopper, the rotating disc is rotationally arranged on the fixed disc, a first leak hole is formed in the rotating disc, a second leak hole is formed in the fixed disc, the first motor drives the rotating disc to rotate, and intermittent feeding is realized through the mutual matching of the first leak hole and the second leak hole,

the primary screening mechanism is arranged right below the intermittent feeding mechanism and used for receiving soybean conveyed by the second leak hole, the primary screening mechanism comprises a screen plate, a stepping motor and two baffles, a plurality of slide ways are arranged on the screen plate, connecting shafts perpendicular to the length direction of the slide ways are arranged at two ends of the screen plate, the connecting shafts are rotationally connected to a shell, one connecting shaft is connected with the output end of the stepping motor, two sliding grooves with shapes matched with the baffles are arranged on the fixed disc, the baffles are slidably arranged in the sliding grooves in a penetrating manner, the bottom of the baffles is supported on the screen plate, the inner wall of the shell, the baffles and the screen plate in a horizontal state are mutually matched to form a container used for receiving soybean in the second leak hole, when the screen plate is in a horizontal state, the baffle plate reaches the limit of a lower sliding path, a clamping plate limiting the baffle plate to be separated from the sliding grooves is arranged at the top of the baffle plate, the clamping plate and the baffle plate are matched to form a T-shaped structure, the classification mechanism is arranged right below one end of the connecting shaft, an inclined discharging groove used for discharging sundries is arranged right below the other end of the screen plate,

the classifying mechanism comprises a rotary drum and a second motor, wherein the rotary drum is rotatably arranged in a shell, the upper end of the rotary drum is of a cylindrical structure, the lower end of the rotary drum is of a round truncated cone shape, a spiral ascending groove is formed in the inner wall of the rotary drum, a plurality of round through holes penetrating through the side wall of the rotary drum are formed in the spiral groove, the inner diameters of the round through holes are sequentially increased from bottom to top, soybeans with different diameters are screened out through the round through holes with different apertures, the rotary drum is rotated by the second motor, the soybeans in the rotary drum ascend along the spiral groove and are screened out through the round through holes under the action of centrifugal force, a discharging mechanism is connected to the round through holes, the rotary drum is driven to rotate by the second motor, the soybeans in the rotary drum ascend along the spiral groove, and the soybeans are screened out through the round through holes with different apertures under the action of the centrifugal force, and the outer wall of the rotary drum is provided with a plurality of soybean collecting devices for collecting the soybeans screened out by the round through holes.

The bottom of the shell is provided with a plurality of telescopic rods, one ends of the telescopic rods, which are far away from the shell, are fixed with supports, the outer sides of the telescopic rods are sleeved with springs, the two ends of the spring are respectively connected to the bottom of the shell and the support, and vibration reduction of the screening machine is realized through elastic deformation of the telescopic rod and the spring.

The first motor is installed in the shell through the motor mounting seat, the rotating disc is fixedly provided with a rotating shaft, one end of the rotating shaft is rotatably arranged on the fixed disc, the other end of the rotating shaft is rotatably arranged on the shell, the output end of the first motor is fixedly provided with a driving belt pulley, the rotating shaft is fixedly provided with a driven belt pulley, and the rotating disc is driven to rotate through a belt sleeved on the driving belt pulley and the driven belt pulley.

The signal processing assembly comprises a piezoelectric sensor, a processor and a power supply, wherein the piezoelectric sensor is arranged at the bottom of the rotary drum, senses the pressure of soybean, transmits signals to the processor when the pressure is larger than a set value, and controls the first motor and the stepping motor to stop working and simultaneously controls the second motor to start working.

The sieve plate is formed by splicing a plurality of long cylinders in a linear arrangement mode, two adjacent long cylinders are matched with each other to form a slideway for full soybeans to roll, the sieve plate is made of rubber materials, the surface friction coefficient is improved, the sliding of wrinkling grains and mould grains is prevented to the greatest extent, the sieve plate is arranged into a plurality of long cylinders in a linear arrangement mode, and full soybeans roll along grooves of the connecting positions of the cylinders.

The stepping motor controls the rotation of the screen plate to incline 20-30 degrees to one side of the rotary drum, the optimal angle is 30 degrees, the reverse rotation of the stepping motor is controlled to incline 80-90 degrees to the direction of the inclined discharge chute after the time delay is 2-5 seconds, the optimal angle is 90 degrees, and the screen plate is reset after the time delay is 2-5 seconds.

The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: according to the method, the principle that rolling friction force is smaller than sliding friction force is utilized, the sieve plate is used for primarily screening the crumple, the mould grain soybean and the cobble, the rotation of the rotary drum is utilized for separating the soybeans with different diameters by utilizing the centrifugal force principle, and the structure and the principle are simple; the whole screening process is that each mechanism works independently, and when faults occur, the reasons of the faults can be judged through different reflection of the machine; the invention has small volume and is suitable for small farmers in China.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic back perspective view of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a screen plate structure according to the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the drum according to the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a mechanism for connecting a baffle, a screen plate and a fixed disk in the invention.

Fig. 6 is a block diagram of a signal processing procedure of the present invention.

The graphic indicia: 1. the device comprises a shell, 2, a motor mounting seat, 3, a first motor, 4, a driving belt pulley, 5, a belt, 6, a feed hopper, 7, a rotating disc, 8, a fixed disc, 9, a baffle, 10, a stepping motor, 11, a sieve plate, 12, a discharge hole, 13, a bean collecting device, 14, a rotary drum, 15, a second motor, 16, a spring, 17, a support, 18, a processor, 19, an inclined discharge chute, 20, a connecting shaft, 21 and a piezoelectric sensor.

Detailed Description

The specific embodiments shown in the drawings are as follows:

as shown in fig. 1 to 5, a soybean screening machine mainly comprises a housing, an intermittent feeding mechanism, a primary screening mechanism, a classification mechanism and a signal processing assembly. The soybean screening machine is characterized in that the shell 1 is approximately cube-shaped, the upper portion of the shell 1 is provided with a feed hopper 6, the feed hopper 6 is internally provided with a soybean flow control gate, the flow and the flow velocity of soybean entering the primary screening mechanism can be controlled, the bottom of the shell 1 is provided with four telescopic rods, springs are sleeved on the outer sides of each telescopic rod, and two ends of each telescopic rod are respectively connected with the bottom of the shell and the support, so that the soybean screening machine has a vibration reduction effect.

The intermittent feeding mechanism mainly comprises a motor mounting seat 2, a first motor 3, a driving belt pulley 4, a belt 5, a fixed disc 8 and a rotating disc 7. The motor mounting seat 2 install the left end at device shell 1, the right flank of motor mounting seat 2 is provided with the belt hole, first motor 3 vertically install on motor mounting seat 2, through belt 5 transmission with the driven pulley on the rolling disc 7 be connected, rolling disc 7 big end is connected with fixed disk 8, the tip is connected with casing 1. The fixed disk 8 is fixedly arranged under the feed hopper 6, the rotating disk 7 can rotate freely on the fixed disk 8, a first leak hole is formed in the rotating disk 7, a second leak hole is formed in the fixed disk 8, and intermittent feeding is achieved by the rotating disk 7 under the driving of the first motor 3.

The primary screening mechanism is used for screening out shriveled beans, mildewed beans and stones in soybeans and mainly comprises a screen plate 11, a connecting shaft 20, a stepping motor 10 and a baffle plate 9. Two sides of the screen plate 11 are respectively fixed with a connecting shaft 20, the middle connecting parts of the two connecting shafts 20 are respectively connected with the motor mounting seat 2 and the device shell 1 through bearings, and the connecting shafts connected with the shell 1 are also connected with the stepping motor 10 to drive the screen plate to rotate; the two baffles 9 are arranged to form a container with the motor mounting seat 2, the device housing 1 and the screen plate 11 in a horizontal state, so that soybean falling from the fixed disc 8 is prevented from splashing and falling into other working parts of the machine, and normal work of the machine is prevented from being influenced. The baffle 11 is installed in a chute arranged on the fixed disc 8, can move up and down along the chute under the action of external force, when the screen 11 is in a horizontal state, the state should be the limit of the sliding stroke of the baffle 9, when the stepping motor 10 drives the screen 11 to rotate, the baffle at the descending end of the screen 11 is in the limit of the stroke, the original state is maintained, and the baffle 9 at the other end is lifted along with the lifting end of the screen 11, so that the full soybean can be rolled into the classification mechanism along the inclined screen 11.

The grading mechanism comprises a rotary drum 14 provided with a second motor 15, the lower end of the rotary drum 14 is in the shape of an inverted circular table, the upper end of the rotary drum 14 is cylindrical, a spiral ascending groove is formed in the inner wall of the rotary drum 14, a series of circular through holes are formed in the spiral groove, the inner diameter of each circular through hole is a hole with the inner diameter increased in sequence along the ascending of the inner wall, and the size of each hole corresponds to soybeans with different diameters. Through the rotation of the second motor 15, soybeans in the rotary drum 14 ascend along the spiral groove and are screened out through the circular through holes under the action of centrifugal force to enter the soybean collecting device 13.

The signal processing assembly includes a piezoelectric sensor 21, a processor 18 and a power source. The piezoelectric sensor is arranged at the bottom of the rotary drum 14, senses the pressure of soybean, transmits signals to the processor 18 when the pressure is larger than a set value, and the processor controls three motors, wherein the first motor 3 and the stepping motor 10 stop working, and the second motor 15 starts working.

An inclined discharge chute 19 arranged at the lower end of the screen plate 11 and arranged behind the rotary drum 14, and mainly aims to guide out the crumple, the mould and the stone which are screened out for the first time; the bean collecting device 13 arranged on the rotary drum 14 mainly aims at collecting and guiding out each stage of graded soybeans.

As shown in fig. 1 to 6, the specific working procedure of this embodiment is as follows: when the machine starts to work, soybeans to be screened are poured into the feed hopper 6, the flow control gate on the feed hopper 6 is regulated, the soybeans flow to the screen plate 11, the stepping motor 10 which controls the rotation of the screen plate 11 works, the stepping motor 10 rotates for 30 degrees, the screen plate 11 inclines towards the side of the rotary drum 14, the screened soybeans roll along the grooves on the screen plate 11, stones, mould grains and crumple grains are slightly moved or static due to the irregular shape and are subjected to larger sliding friction force, after the 30-degree inclination angle is maintained for 2 seconds, the stepping motor 10 rotates for 90 degrees in the opposite direction, the stones, the mould grains and the shrunken grains are poured onto the inclined discharge groove 19, and the stones, the mould grains and the shrunken grains slide out of the soybean screening device along with the inclined discharge groove 19. When the initially screened filled soybeans on the screen plate 11 accumulate a certain weight in the drum 14 and reach the reaction pressure P of the piezoelectric sensor 21 ₀ In response, the piezoelectric sensor 21 transmits a signal to the processor 18. The processor 18 controls the first motor 3 and the stepping motor 10 to stop working; the second motor 15 is controlled to start working, the second motor 15 drives the soybeans in the rotary drum 14 to rotate, the soybeans obtain a certain speed and rise along the spiral groove track, the soybean obtaining speed has a certain centrifugal force, when the soybeans with smaller diameters rise to the first row of through holes, the soybeans are thrown out of the through holes under the action of the centrifugal force, enter the soybean collecting device 13 corresponding to the holes and are discharged out of the machine, and the soybeans with larger diameters cannot pass through the first row of through holes and continue to rise along the spiral track and are thrown out of the through holes above.

The technical scheme and the embodiment of the invention are not limited, and the technical scheme and the embodiment which are equivalent or have the same effect as those of the technical scheme and the embodiment of the invention are all within the protection scope of the invention.

Claims

1. The soybean screening machine comprises a shell, an intermittent feeding mechanism, a primary screening mechanism, a grading mechanism and a signal processing assembly, wherein a feed hopper is arranged on the shell, a soybean flow control gate for controlling the flow and the flow rate of soybean leaving the feed hopper is arranged in the feed hopper, a plurality of telescopic rods are arranged at the bottom of the shell, a support is fixed at one end, far away from the shell, of each telescopic rod, springs are sleeved outside the telescopic rods, two ends of each spring are respectively connected to the bottom of the shell and the support, and vibration reduction of the screening machine is realized through elastic deformation of the telescopic rods and the springs; the method is characterized in that: the intermittent feeding mechanism comprises a first motor, a fixed disc and a rotating disc, wherein the first motor, the fixed disc and the rotating disc are arranged on the shell, the fixed disc is fixed on the shell and is arranged under the feeding hopper, the rotating disc is rotatably arranged on the fixed disc, a first leak hole is formed in the rotating disc, a second leak hole is formed in the fixed disc, the rotating disc is driven by the first motor to rotate, intermittent feeding is realized through mutual matching of the first leak hole and the second leak hole,

the primary screening mechanism is arranged right below the intermittent feeding mechanism and used for receiving the soybean conveyed by the second leak hole, and comprises a screen plate, a stepping motor and two baffles, and a plurality of slide ways are arranged on the screen plate; the sieve plate is formed by linearly arranging and splicing a plurality of long cylinders, and two adjacent long cylinders are matched with each other to form a slideway for full soybeans to roll; connecting shafts perpendicular to the length direction of the slide way are arranged at two ends of the sieve plate, the connecting shafts are rotationally connected to the shell, one connecting shaft is connected with the output end of the stepping motor, two sliding grooves which are matched with the baffle plates in shape are formed in the fixed disc, the baffle plates are arranged in the sliding grooves in a sliding penetrating mode, the bottoms of the baffle plates are supported on the sieve plate, the inner wall of the shell, the baffle plates and the sieve plate in a horizontal state are mutually matched to form a container for receiving soybean in the second leak hole, when the sieve plate is in the horizontal state, the baffle plates reach the limit of the lower sliding stroke, the grading mechanism is arranged under one end of the sieve plate, where the connecting shaft is not arranged, of the sieve plate, an inclined discharging groove for discharging sundries is arranged under the other end of the sieve plate, where the connecting shaft is not arranged,

2. A soybean screening machine according to claim 1, wherein: the first motor is installed in the shell through the motor mounting seat, the rotating disc is fixedly provided with a rotating shaft, one end of the rotating shaft is rotatably arranged on the fixed disc, the other end of the rotating shaft is rotatably arranged on the shell, the output end of the first motor is fixedly provided with a driving belt pulley, the rotating shaft is fixedly provided with a driven belt pulley, and the rotating disc is driven to rotate through a belt sleeved on the driving belt pulley and the driven belt pulley.

3. A soybean screening machine according to claim 1, wherein: the signal processing assembly comprises a piezoelectric sensor, a processor and a power supply, wherein the piezoelectric sensor is arranged at the bottom of the rotary drum, senses the pressure of soybean, transmits signals to the processor when the pressure is larger than a set value, and controls the first motor and the stepping motor to stop working and simultaneously controls the second motor to start working.

4. A soybean screening machine according to claim 1, wherein: the step motor controls the rotation of the screen plate to incline 20-30 degrees to one side of the rotary drum, controls the reverse rotation of the step motor to incline 80-90 degrees to the direction of the inclined discharge chute after 2-5 seconds of time delay, and resets after 2-5 seconds of time delay.