CN108355028A - 一种治疗心肌梗塞的中药及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种治疗心肌梗塞的中药及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种治疗心肌梗塞的中药及其制备方法,包括如下重量份数的组分:桃仁5‑10份、川芎1‑3份、红花1‑5份、生地黄3‑10份、赤芍1‑5份、当归5‑10份、桔梗2‑8份、枳壳3‑10份、茯苓5‑8份、桂枝2‑10份、柴胡3‑8份、野菊花5‑10份、牛膝1‑5份、降香2‑6份、半夏3‑8份、甘草5‑10份。本发明药物用于治疗心肌梗塞,能化淤血,消水肿,健脾胃,益肝肾,有助于心肌梗塞症状的改善,增强脏器的功能,对心肌梗塞的治疗有较好的疗效。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及中药领域,具体涉及一种治疗心肌梗塞的中药及其制备方法。
背景技术
冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病是冠状动脉血管发生动脉粥样硬化病变而引起血管腔狭窄或阻塞,造成心肌缺血、缺氧或坏死而导致的心脏病,常常被称为“冠心病”。中医称“胸痹”,是一种最常见的心脏病。发病机制一般认为是由于脂质代谢不正常,血液中的脂质沉着在原本光滑的动脉内膜上,在动脉内膜一些类似粥样的脂类物质堆积而成白色斑块,这些斑块渐渐增多造成动脉腔狭窄,使血流受阻,导致心脏缺血,产生心肌梗塞。如果动脉壁上的斑块形成溃疡或破裂,就会形成血栓,使整个血管血流完全中断,发生急性心肌梗死,甚至猝死。
冠心病的治疗包括:①生活习惯改变:戒烟限酒,低脂低盐饮食,适当体育锻炼,控制体重等;②药物治疗:抗血栓(抗血小板、抗凝),减轻心肌氧耗(β受体阻滞剂),缓解心肌梗塞(硝酸酯类),调脂稳定斑块(他汀类调脂药);③血运重建治疗:包括介入治疗(血管内球囊扩张成形术和支架植入术)和外科冠状动脉旁路移植术。药物治疗是所有治疗的基础。介入和外科手术治疗后也要坚持长期的标准药物治疗。对同一病人来说,处于疾病的某一个阶段时可用药物理想地控制,而在另一阶段时单用药物治疗效果往往不佳,需要将药物与介入治疗或外科手术合用。
1.药物治疗
目的是缓解症状,减少心肌梗塞的发作及心肌梗死;延缓冠状动脉粥样硬化病变的发展,并减少冠心病死亡。规范药物治疗可以有效地降低冠心病患者的死亡率和再缺血事件的发生,并改善患者的临床症状。而对于部分血管病变严重甚至完全阻塞的病人,在药物治疗的基础上,血管再建治疗可进一步降低患者的死亡率。
(1)硝酸酯类药物本类药物主要有:硝酸甘油、硝酸异山梨酯(消心痛)、5-单硝酸异山梨酯、长效硝酸甘油制剂(硝酸甘油油膏或橡皮膏贴片)等。硝酸酯类药物是稳定型心肌梗塞患者的常规用药。心肌梗塞发作时可以舌下含服硝酸甘油或使用硝酸甘油气雾剂。对于急性心肌梗死及不稳定型心肌梗塞患者,先静脉给药,病情稳定、症状改善后改为口服或皮肤贴剂,疼痛症状完全消失后可以停药。硝酸酯类药物持续使用可发生耐药性,有效性下降,可间隔8~12小时服药,以减少耐药性。
(2)抗血栓药物包括抗血小板和抗凝药物。抗血小板药物主要有阿司匹林、氯吡格雷(波立维)、替罗非班等,可以抑制血小板聚集,避免血栓形成而堵塞血管。阿司匹林为首选药物,维持量为每天75~100毫克,所有冠心病患者没有禁忌证应该长期服用。阿司匹林的副作用是对胃肠道的刺激,胃肠道溃疡患者要慎用。冠脉介入治疗术后应坚持每日口服氯吡格雷,通常半年-1年。
抗凝药物包括普通肝素、低分子肝素、璜达肝癸钠、比伐卢定等。通常用于不稳定型心肌梗塞和心肌梗死的急性期,以及介入治疗术中。
(3)纤溶药物溶血栓药主要有链激酶、尿激酶、组织型纤溶酶原激活剂等,可溶解冠脉闭塞处已形成的血栓,开通血管,恢复血流,用于急性心肌梗死发作时。
(4)β-受体阻滞剂即有抗心肌梗塞作用,又能预防心律失常。在无明显禁忌时,β受体阻滞剂是冠心病的一线用药。常用药物有:美托洛尔、阿替洛尔、比索洛尔和兼有α受体阻滞作用的卡维地洛、阿罗洛尔(阿尔马尔)等,剂量应该以将心率降低到目标范围内。β受体阻滞剂禁忌和慎用的情况有哮喘、慢性气管炎及外周血管疾病等。
(5)钙通道阻断剂可用于稳定型心肌梗塞的治疗和冠脉痉挛引起的心肌梗塞。常用药物有:维拉帕米、硝苯地平控释剂、氨氯地平、地尔硫卓等。不主张使用短效钙通道阻断剂,如硝苯地平普通片。
(6)肾素血管紧张素系统抑制剂包括血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEI)、血管紧张素2受体拮抗剂(ARB)以及醛固酮拮抗剂。对于急性心肌梗死或近期发生心肌梗死合并心功能不全的患者,尤其应当使用此类药物。常用ACEI类药物有:依那普利、贝那普利、雷米普利、福辛普利等。如出现明显的干咳副作用,可改用血管紧张素2受体拮抗剂。ARB包括:缬沙坦、替米沙坦、厄贝沙坦、氯沙坦等。用药过程中要注意防止血压偏低。
(7)调脂治疗调脂治疗适用于所有冠心病患者。冠心病在改变生活习惯基础上给予他汀类药物,他汀类药物主要降低低密度脂蛋白胆固醇,治疗目标为下降到80mg/dl。常用药物有:洛伐他汀、普伐他汀、辛伐他汀、氟伐他汀、阿托伐他汀等。最近研究表明,他汀类药物可以降低死亡率及发病率。
2.经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)
经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术(PTCA)应用特制的带气囊导管,经外周动脉(股动脉或桡动脉)送到冠脉狭窄处,充盈气囊可扩张狭窄的管腔,改善血流,并在已扩开的狭窄处放置支架,预防再狭窄。还可结合血栓抽吸术、旋磨术。适用于药物控制不良的稳定型心肌梗塞、不稳定型心肌梗塞和心肌梗死患者。心肌梗死急性期首选急诊介入治疗,时间非常重要,越早越好。
3.冠状动脉旁路移植术(简称冠脉搭桥术,CABG)
冠状动脉旁路移植术通过恢复心肌血流的灌注,缓解胸痛和局部缺血、改善患者的生活质量,并可以延长患者的生命。适用于严重冠状动脉病变的患者,不能接受介入治疗或治疗后复发的病人,以及心肌梗死后心肌梗塞,或出现室壁瘤、二尖瓣关闭不全、室间隔穿孔等并发症时,在治疗并发症的同时,应该行冠状动脉搭桥术。手术的选择应该由心内、心外科医生与患者共同决策。
治疗冠心病的药物种类很多,大多数用西药治疗,治标不治本。其治疗途径多以采用扩冠和减慢心率的药物,提高心肌供养和降低心肌耗氧,从而减轻病情症状。实践证明,这类药物在一定程度上虽能缓解病症,但始终存在着伤阴、耗气、难达治本之遗憾。近年来上市的治疗冠心病心肌梗塞的中药新药中多以活血化瘀,理气止痛疗法为主,虽然能够起到一定的效果,但单施祛瘀活血还不能根治。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中西药对患者副作用大、指标不治本的技术问题,本发明通过中医疗法,采用中医整体治疗观念,发挥中医标本兼治的优势,通过调整全身的阴阳平衡失调,做到活血化瘀,理气止痛,滋肾养心,从而从根本上治愈心肌梗塞。
一种治疗心肌梗塞的中药,包括如下重量份数的组分:桃仁5-10份、川芎1-3份、红花1-5份、生地黄3-10份、赤芍1-5份、当归5-10份、桔梗2-8份、枳壳3-10份、茯苓5-8份、桂枝2-10份、柴胡3-8份、野菊花5-10份、牛膝1-5份、降香2-6份、半夏3-8份、甘草5-10份。
各组分的药理作用如下:
桃仁:活血祛瘀,润肠通便。性甘平、味苦,入肺、肝、大肠经,有破血行瘀,润燥滑肠的功效。
川芎:辛,温。归肝、胆、心包经。活血行气,祛风止痛。用于安抚神经,正头风头痛,症瘕腹痛,胸胁刺痛,跌扑肿痛,头痛,风湿痹痛。川芎能扩张平滑肌,改善微循环,并有抗凝、抗聚集作用,并通过扩张末梢血管而降压。
红花:味辛、性温,归心、肝经。气香行散,具有活血通经,祛瘀止痛的功效。
生地黄:清热凉血,养阴,生津
赤芍:味苦,性微寒。清热凉血,散瘀止痛。
当归:补血,活血,调经止痛,润燥滑肠。
桔梗:宣肺,利咽,祛痰,排脓。
枳壳:性苦、辛、酸、温,具有理气宽中、行滞消胀的功效。
茯苓:味甘、淡,性平。利水渗湿,健脾,宁心。
桂枝:辛、甘,温。发汗解肌,温通经脉,助阳化气。
柴胡:味辛、苦,性微寒。和解表里,疏肝解郁,升阳举陷,退热截疟。
野菊花:性微寒,具疏散风热、消肿解毒。
牛膝:苦、甘、酸,平。逐瘀通经,补肝肾,强筋骨,利尿通淋,引血下行。
降香:辛,温。行瘀止血、消肿止痛。
半夏:燥湿化痰,降逆止呕,消痞散结。
甘草:气微,味甜而特殊。清热解毒、祛痰止咳,调和诸药。
本发明还提供上述中药的制备方法:取1/30处方重量份的中药,粉碎成细粉;剩余的29/30处方重量份中药加水煎煮二次,每次1.5小时,煎液滤过,滤液合并,浓缩至相对密度为1.20-1.25,放冷,加乙醇使含醇量达50%,搅匀,静置24小时,滤过,滤液回收乙醇并浓缩成稠膏状,加入上述细粉及糊精,混匀,制成颗粒,干燥,加硬脂酸镁,压制成片,包糖衣或薄膜衣。
本发明还提供上述中药的制备方法:加水20倍量,用超高压提取设备加压至400Mpa,保压8分钟,提取液超滤、浓缩、灌装,即得口服液。
本发明药物用于治疗心肌梗塞,能化淤血,消水肿,健脾胃,益肝肾,有助于心肌梗塞症状的改善,增强脏器的功能,对心肌梗塞的治疗有较好的疗效。经临床观察表明:该药对冠心病、心肌梗塞等心脏疾病有显著疗效,且疗效迅速,对心肌梗塞、胸闷、心悸、乏力等症状,患者普遍在服药一周后就可感到明显减轻或消失,其心电图、血压、血脂、血糖等也明显得到改善,对患者的肝、肾功能以及造血系统未见异常变化和不良反应,停药后病情不出现“反弹”,达到标本兼治,对治疗心肌梗塞有很好的疗效,且为纯中药制剂,无任何毒副作用,值得推广。
具体实施方式:
实施例1
一种治疗心肌梗塞的中药,包括如下重量份数的组分:桃仁10份、川芎1份、红花5份、生地黄10份、赤芍1份、当归5份、桔梗8份、枳壳3份、茯苓8份、桂枝10份、柴胡3份、野菊花10份、牛膝1份、降香6份、半夏3份、甘草10份。
本发明还提供上述中药的制备方法:加水20倍量,用超高压提取设备加压至400Mpa,保压8分钟,提取液超滤、浓缩、灌装,即得口服液。
主治:心肌梗塞。
用法与用量:口服。一次1支,一日3次。
实施例2
一种治疗心肌梗塞的中药,包括如下重量份数的组分:桃仁5份、川芎3份、红花1份、生地黄3份、赤芍5份、当归5份、桔梗2份、枳壳10份、茯苓5份、桂枝2份、柴胡8份、野菊花5份、牛膝5份、降香6份、半夏3份、甘草5份。
本发明还提供上述中药的制备方法:取1/30处方重量份的中药,粉碎成细粉;剩余的29/30处方重量份中药加水煎煮二次,每次1.5小时,煎液滤过,滤液合并,浓缩至相对密度为1.20-1.25,放冷,加乙醇使含醇量达50%,搅匀,静置24小时,滤过,滤液回收乙醇并浓缩成稠膏状,加入上述细粉及糊精,混匀,制成颗粒,干燥,加硬脂酸镁,压制成片,包糖衣或薄膜衣。
主治:心肌梗塞。
用法与用量:口服。一次2片,一日3次。
本发明的药物治疗心肌梗塞的临床观察:
1、患者资料
本发明人近3年收治门诊心肌梗塞患者共180例,其中:男85例,女95例,平均年龄55.2岁。
2、治疗方法
按照用量服用本发明治疗心肌梗塞中药。30天为一个疗程,共2个疗程,停药半年后复查。
3、疗效评定
(1)无效:与服药前相比,无明显变化。
(2)显效:效果显著。无复发为治愈(显效)。
(3)有效:病情好转明显为有效。
4、治疗结果
观察治疗60天,随访半年后,治疗效果如下:
治愈(显效)89例;有效88例;无效3例;总有效率98.3%。
5、典型病例
病例1.王某某,女,58岁,经医院诊断患有冠心病、心肌梗塞。在服用脑心通胶囊3个月后,病症时常复发不见好转。在经过服用了本发明中药1个疗程后,冠心病、心肌梗塞有了明显的好转,病症发作频率明显降低。服用了本发明中药2个疗程后,经过长时间观察,冠心病、心肌梗塞无复发。彻底治愈。
病例2.张某某,男,80岁,患有心肌梗塞多年,病发时住院治疗,好转出院后复发,没有彻底治愈。该患者心肌梗塞时常复发,为此他十分困扰。在使用了本发明中药1个疗程后,明显有了好转。继续使用本发明2个疗程后,停药观察无复发。
Claims (3)
1.一种治疗心肌梗塞的中药,其特征在于,包括如下重量份数的组分:桃仁5-10份、川芎1-3份、红花1-5份、生地黄3-10份、赤芍1-5份、当归5-10份、桔梗2-8份、枳壳3-10份、茯苓5-8份、桂枝2-10份、柴胡3-8份、野菊花5-10份、牛膝1-5份、降香2-6份、半夏3-8份、甘草5-10份。
2.制备如权利要求1所述中药的方法,其特征在于:该药物采用如下方法制备:取1/30处方重量份的中药,粉碎成细粉;剩余的29/30处方重量份中药加水煎煮二次,每次1.5小时,煎液滤过,滤液合并,浓缩至相对密度为1.20-1.25,放冷,加乙醇使含醇量达50%,搅匀,静置24小时,滤过,滤液回收乙醇并浓缩成稠膏状,加入上述细粉及糊精,混匀,制成颗粒,干燥,加硬脂酸镁,压制成片,包糖衣或薄膜衣。
3.制备如权利要求1所述中药的方法,其特征在于:该药物采用如下方法制备:加水20倍量,用超高压提取设备加压至400Mpa,保压8分钟,提取液超滤、浓缩、灌装,即得口服液。
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