CN108349502B - 机动车的驾驶员辅助装置以及用于运行机动车的方法 - Google Patents

机动车的驾驶员辅助装置以及用于运行机动车的方法 Download PDF

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CN108349502B
CN108349502B CN201680064781.8A CN201680064781A CN108349502B CN 108349502 B CN108349502 B CN 108349502B CN 201680064781 A CN201680064781 A CN 201680064781A CN 108349502 B CN108349502 B CN 108349502B
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clutch
driver
control mode
evaluation unit
unit
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H·迈尔
A·席尔格尔
C·布罗
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    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
    • B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于具有动力设备(1)的机动车的驾驶员辅助装置，该动力设备能通过能由执行器激活的离合器(3)与动力传动系(5)连接，离合器是电子控制的离合器系统的组成部分，离合器踏板传感器(19)检测驾驶员对离合器踏板(17)的操纵，评估单元(21)在第一控制模式(I)中根据检测到的离合器踏板操纵确定离合器力矩(M)并通过相应的离合器信号(SKI)操控离合器(3)。根据本发明，为了在驾驶员方面适配离合器特性，为评估单元(21)配设有能由驾驶员方面操纵的输入单元(31)，在由驾驶员方面操纵输入单元时，能在第一控制模式(I)和至少一个第二控制模式(II)之间切换。

Description

机动车的驾驶员辅助装置以及用于运行机动车的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种机动车的驾驶员辅助装置以及一种用于运行机动车的方法。
背景技术
具有手动变速器的车辆通常配备有能机械或液压操纵的起动离合器。通过操纵离合器可以将动力设备、例如内燃机与车辆变速器之间的动力传动系中断为两部分，以便例如在车辆变速器中进行换挡。在能机械或液压操纵的离合器中，从驾驶员脚部至动力传动系的转矩建立的传动特性固定不变。
作为这种能机械或液压操纵的起动离合器的替代方案，已知一种电子控制的离合器系统，其中离合器踏板传感器检测驾驶员方面对离合器踏板的操纵，其中评估单元根据检测到的离合器踏板操纵确定与离合器踏板操纵关联的离合器力矩并利用相应的离合器信号操控离合器的离合器执行器。
DE 10 2013 218 786 A1公开了这种类型的电子控制的离合器系统。在这种情况下，评估单元为了操控离合器执行器而具有滑行识别单元，借助于该滑行识别单元根据当前的行驶运行参数可以识别适合于车辆方面的滑行运行的滑行行驶状态。将这种滑行行驶状态的存在通知驾驶员。如果存在驾驶员的认可信号(授权信号)或采纳信号，则评估单元自主地实施滑行运行。在这种情况下，电子控制的离合器系统的评估单元自主地使离合器分离，以便解除在动力设备与变速器或车辆车轮之间的传递力矩的连接。
发明内容
本发明的目的是，提供一种机动车的驾驶员辅助装置，其中驾驶员能以简单的方式改变行驶运行中的车辆特性。
根据本发明，可以在驾驶员方面适配离合器的离合器特性或传动特性。因此为电子控制的离合器系统的评估单元配设有可由驾驶员方面操纵的输入单元。在不操纵输入单元时，在评估单元中以第一控制模式进行信号处理(就是说根据检测到的离合器操纵确定离合器力矩)。通过对输入单元的操纵，使评估单元中不再以第一控制模式进行信号处理，而是以与之不同的第二控制模式进行信号处理，由此设定离合器的另外的离合器特性。优选地，可以在第一控制模式中根据存储在评估单元中的第一特征曲线(或算法)来确定离合器力矩，借助于所确定的离合器力矩从检测到的离合器踏板操纵中确定与该离合器踏板操纵关联的离合器力矩。以相应的方式，可以在第二控制模式中根据存储在评估单元中的第二特征曲线(或算法)确定离合器力矩。
通过电子控制的离合器系统的离合器踏板传感器检测离合器操纵。借助于离合器踏板传感器必要时可以检测绝对踏板位置、踏板行程和/或踏板倾斜度，当确定离合器力矩时这些参数在评估单元中作为基础。
在技术应用中，可由工厂方面预先在电子控制的离合器系统的评估单元中设定第一控制模式。第一控制模式可以如此设计，使驾驶员感受到舒适的离合器特性，该离合器特性提供无急动的离合器起动性能。而驾驶员可以选择第二控制模式代替第一控制模式，该第二控制模式示例性地实现相当于机械或液压方式工作的离合器的传动特性/离合器特性，在机械或液压方式工作的离合器中(在起动过程中)在动力传动系中的转矩建立在任意时刻都与离合器踏板位置成比例。在这种情况下，离合器特性如此设计，使得与第一控制模式相比在动力传动系中以相应更高的响应灵敏度并且带有急动地实现加速的转矩建立。
用于由驾驶员方面选择第一控制模式或第二控制模式的输入单元可以布置在车辆内舱中的显示系统中，例如MMI(即人机界面)。
在本发明的改进方案中，还可以提供第三控制模式，可以由驾驶员借助于输入单元选定第三控制模式。优选如此设计第三控制模式，使得在由驾驶员切换到第三控制模式时可以有针对性地使驾驶员辅助装置的附加功能激活或去激活。在工厂方面的设定中主动地切换这种附加功能。在技术应用中，驾驶员可以在切换到第三控制模式时在选择菜单中有针对性地选定或取消各附加功能。驾驶员辅助装置的评估单元在紧接着的离合器工作过程中对由驾驶员配置的菜单设定做出反应。
例如评估单元可以具有滑行识别单元作为附加功能。借助于该滑行识别单元可以根据当前的行驶运行参数识别出适合于车辆方面的滑行运行的滑行行驶状态。在存在这种滑行行驶状态时，评估单元为驾驶员产生相应的滑行信号。当存在驾驶员方面的认可信号或采纳信号时评估单元可以自主地实施滑行运行，就是说自主地使离合器分离。
评估单元可以具有过热保护功能作为附加功能，通过过热保护功能可以确定当前的离合器温度。如果当前的离合器温度超过阈值，则评估单元自主地操控离合器(离合器执行器)，以使离合器分离。过热保护功能可以由驾驶员在第三控制模式中去激活。在这种情况下，必要时在紧急情况下尽管离合器过热也能操控离合器。
除了上述的附加功能外，替代和/或附加地可以在评估单元中集成起动监控功能，以使车辆免于意外的发动机熄火。借助于起动监控功能根据当前的发动机转速和当前的加速踏板操纵可以识别导致发动机熄火的运行状态。在存在这种运行状态时，评估单元可以自主地使离合器分离，以便例如在起动过程中避免发动机熄火。
以上描述的本发明的有利的设计方案和/或改进方案——除了例如明确彼此相关或不兼容的方案外——可以单独地应用或以任意地彼此组合的方式应用。
附图说明
下面根据附图详细说明本发明和本发明的有利的设计方案和改进方案及其优点。
附图示出：
图1示出具有配设的驾驶员辅助装置的机动车的动力传动系的粗略的示意性的框图。
图2示出驾驶员辅助装置的评估单元的原理性构型的另一框图。
具体实施方式
图1和图2用于简单地理解本发明。因此附图仅粗略简化地示出，而没有描绘出驾驶员辅助装置的现实的结构。在图1中示出机动车，该机动车的内燃机可以通过分离离合器3与动力传动系5联接。手动变速器7布置在机动车的动力传动系5中，可以借助于手动切换装置9手动地操纵该手动变速器。变速器7在输出侧与前桥差速器11连接，通过该前桥差速器可以向前轮12传递驱动力矩。前桥差速器11还通过万向轴与后桥差速器13连接，通过该后桥差速器可以向车辆后轮14传递驱动力矩。通过加速踏板15以及离合器踏板17可以由驾驶员操控内燃机1以及分离离合器3。
另外如图1所示，分离离合器3是电子控制的离合器系统的组成部分，其中借助于离合器踏板传感器19检测驾驶员方面的对离合器踏板17的操纵s。离合器系统还具有评估单元21，该评估单元基于检测到的离合器踏板操纵s(就是说踏板行程、踏板位置、踏板倾斜度)确定离合器力矩M，并通过相应的离合器信号SKI、SKII操控分离离合器3的离合器执行器23。
为了确定离合器力矩M，在评估单元21中存储第一特征曲线27和第二特征曲线29。借助于该第一特征曲线和第二特征曲线由检测到的离合器踏板操纵s确定与离合器踏板操纵关联的离合器力矩M或相应的离合器信号SK1和SK2。
与离合器踏板17相似，也为加速踏板15配设加速踏板传感器24，利用该加速踏板传感器可以检测驾驶员方面对加速踏板15的操纵。评估单元21基于检测到的加速踏板操纵确定设定力矩，通过该设定力矩可以操控内燃机1的发动机控制器25以用于产生发动机力矩。
评估单元21还与输入单元31信号连接，驾驶员借助于该信号连接可以改变分离离合器3的离合器特性。在驾驶员方面操纵输入单元31时，驾驶员可以在第一特征曲线27和第二特征曲线29之间作出选择。在选择第一特征曲线27时，评估单元21以第一控制模式I工作，例如由工厂方面预先设定该第一控制模式。第一控制模式I将离合器特性设计为舒适的，就是说提供无急动的良好起动性能，其中在起动过程中在动力传动系5中实现延迟的(或柔和的)转矩建立。如果驾驶员选择具有配属的第二特征曲线29的控制模式II，则得到如下的离合器特性，在该离合器特性中分离离合器3以更高的响应灵敏性、带急动地做出反应，由此在动力传动系5中得到加速的转矩建立。
如图所示，驾驶员可以借助于输入单元31附加地切换到第三控制模式III。在由驾驶员切换的第三控制模式III中，可以有针对性地由驾驶员激活或去激活以下还要描述的附加功能33、35、37。在驾驶员辅助系统中提供附加功能33、35、37，以便在行驶运行中辅助驾驶员。
如2所示，评估单元21可以具有滑行识别功能33作为附加功能，借助于该滑行识别功能根据当前的行驶运行参数可以确定适于车辆方面的滑行运行的滑行行驶状态。当存在这种滑行行驶状态时，评估单元21为驾驶员产生相应的建议。在接下来获得驾驶员方面的认可的情况下，评估单元21可以自主地激活滑行运行，就是说自主地使分离离合器3分离。
替代地和/或附加地，可以在评估单元21中集成过热保护功能35作为另一附加功能，其中可以确定分离离合器3中的当前的离合器温度。如果当前的离合器温度超过阈值，则评估单元21自主地操控分离离合器3，以便使分离离合器分离。
可以在评估单元21中集成起动监控功能35作为附加功能，利用该起动监控功能可以使车辆免于意外的发动机熄火。借助于起动监控功能35根据当前的发动机转速和当前的加速踏板操纵可以识别导致发动机熄火的运行状态。当识别到这种运行状态时，评估单元21自主地使分离离合器3分离，以便避免发动机熄火。

Claims (6)

1.一种用于具有动力设备(1)的机动车的驾驶员辅助装置，该动力设备能通过能由执行器激活的离合器(3)与动力传动系(5)连接，离合器(3)是电子控制的离合器系统的组成部分，离合器踏板传感器(19)检测驾驶员的离合器踏板操纵(s)，评估单元(21)在第一控制模式(I)中根据检测到的离合器踏板操纵(s)确定离合器力矩(M)并通过相应的离合器信号(SKI)操控离合器(3)的离合器执行器(23)，其特征在于，为了在驾驶员方面适配离合器特性，为评估单元(21)配设有能由驾驶员方面操纵的输入单元(31)，在由驾驶员方面操纵输入单元(31)时，能在第一控制模式(I)和至少一个第二控制模式(II)之间切换，由驾驶员辅助装置提供在行驶运行期间辅助驾驶员的附加功能，借助于输入单元(31)能切换到第三控制模式(III)，在由驾驶员切换的第三控制模式(III)中，由驾驶员辅助装置提供的附加功能单元能有针对性地被驾驶员激活或去激活，设置滑行识别单元(33)作为附加功能，借助于该滑行识别单元根据当前的行驶运行参数能识别出适合于车辆方面的滑行运行的滑行行驶状态，当存在滑行行驶状态时评估单元(21)向驾驶员报告滑行行驶状态，当存在驾驶员方面的认可时自主地实施滑行运行。
2.根据权利要求1所述的驾驶员辅助装置，其特征在于，在第一/第二控制模式(I、II)中根据存储在评估单元(21)中的第一/第二特征曲线(27、29)来确定离合器力矩，借助于该第一/第二特征曲线由检测到的离合器踏板操纵(s)能确定与离合器踏板操纵关联的离合器力矩(M)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的驾驶员辅助装置，其特征在于，在工厂方面将第一控制模式(I)预先设定在评估单元(21)中，和/或在第二控制模式(II)中实现的离合器特性相当于能机械地或液压地操纵的离合器的离合器特性，在起动过程中在动力传动系(5)中的转矩建立任意时刻都与离合器踏板位置成比例。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的驾驶员辅助装置，其特征在于，设置过热保护单元(35)作为附加功能，借助于该过热保护单元能确定当前的离合器温度，如果当前的离合器温度超过阈值，则自主地使离合器(3)分离。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的驾驶员辅助装置，其特征在于，设置用于防止发动机熄火的起动监控单元(37)作为附加功能，借助于该起动监控单元根据当前的发动机转速和当前的加速踏板操纵能识别出导致发动机熄火的运行状态，在识别到该运行状态时评估单元(21)自主地使离合器(3)分离以避免发动机熄火。
6.一种用于借助于根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的驾驶员辅助装置运行机动车的方法。
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