CN106794834B - 用于运行机动车的方法和装置 - Google Patents

用于运行机动车的方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN106794834B
CN106794834B CN201580054123.6A CN201580054123A CN106794834B CN 106794834 B CN106794834 B CN 106794834B CN 201580054123 A CN201580054123 A CN 201580054123A CN 106794834 B CN106794834 B CN 106794834B
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combustion engine
internal combustion
drive motor
motor vehicle
drive
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CN106794834A (zh
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M.福格尔格桑
H.瓦尔特
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
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    • B60W10/02—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of driveline clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K2006/4808—Electric machine connected or connectable to gearbox output shaft
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K2006/4825—Electric machine connected or connectable to gearbox input shaft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于运行机动车（1）的方法，所述机动车具有动力总成系统（2）以及制动装置（11）和转向装置（10）作为能够操控的运行装置，所述动力总成系统具有内燃机（3）和手动的变速器（4），其中所述变速器（4）通过操纵分离离合器（5）能够从所述内燃机（3）脱离或者能够接合到所述内燃机（3）处，其中为了实施泊车过程，自动地操控所述运行装置中的至少几个运行装置。在此规定，为了实施全自动的泊车过程，操控驱动电机（8），以用于驱动车辆进入前进运动中和进入后退运动中。

Description

用于运行机动车的方法和装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于运行机动车的方法，所述机动车具有动力总成系统以及制动装置和转向装置作为能够操控的运行装置，所述动力总成系统具有内燃机和手动的变速器，其中所述变速器通过操纵分离离合器能够从所述内燃机脱离或者能够接合到所述内燃机处，其中为了实施泊车过程，自动地操控所述运行装置中的至少几个运行装置。
此外，本发明涉及具有权利要求4的前序部分的特征的、用于运行机动车的装置以及控制器，所述装置具有上面所提及的运行装置，所述控制器为了实施泊车过程自动地操控所述运行装置中的至少几个运行装置。
背景技术
在具有手动的变速器的机动车中，到目前为止不可行的是：独立于驾驶员来改变所述机动车的行驶方向，因为驾驶员必须首先将所述变速器从前进挡位转换到后退挡位。在自动化的泊车辅助系统的情况下（其中应当提供自动化的泊入），所述机动车的转向装置和必要时的起动过程和制动过程独立于驾驶员来自动地实施。但是，要求驾驶员置入用于前进运动或者后退运动的正确的挡位，因为否则就不能实施泊车动作。
发明内容
具有权利要求1的特征的根据本发明的方法具有下述优点：尽管设置有手动的变速器，现在也能够在独立于是否存在驾驶员的情况下全自动地实施泊车过程，由此例如也能够在具有手动的变速器的机动车中实施远距离控制的泊入过程。根据本发明，为此规定：为了实施全自动的泊车过程操控驱动电机，以用于驱动车辆进入前进运动中和进入后退运动中。因此，附加于所述内燃机还设置有驱动电机，所述驱动电机用于驱动所述机动车。为了实施所述泊车过程，操控所述驱动电机，以便向前或者向后驱动车辆。由此能够使所述机动车独立于所述变速器的换挡位置运动。在此意在，当置入所述变速器的前进挡位时，也能够实现朝后退方向的运动。对于在泊车过程中有待行驶的短的路段而言，原则上可行的是，独立于所述变速器的换挡位置和/或所述分离离合器的操纵状态朝后退方向运行所述动力总成系统。
根据本发明的一种有利的改进方案规定，为了实施所述全自动的泊车过程，断开所述分离离合器，以用于脱离所述内燃机。由此所述内燃机在泊车时不会借助电机被随带拖曳。尤其规定，至少当所述驱动电机被操控以驱动进入后退运动中时，脱离所述内燃机。由此避免了所述内燃机逆着其本身的运动方向被随带拖曳。如果为了全自动的泊车过程而向前驱动电机动车，那么也能够闭合所述分离离合器并且附加于所述电机或者替代所述电机通过所述内燃机提供驱动转矩。但是特别优选的是，所述分离离合器在整个泊车过程期间保持断开，以便实现纯电气实施的泊车过程。
根据本发明的一种替代的实施方式优选规定，为了实施所述全自动的泊车过程，闭合所述分离离合器并且切断所述内燃机。在这种情况下，则通过所述驱动电机来随带拖曳所述内燃机，更确切地说在进入后退运动中的运行时朝向所述内燃机的从动轴的与正常运行相反的旋转方向随带拖曳所述内燃机。在泊入过程的范畴内，能够实现所述内燃机的后退拖曳，而不会损害所述内燃机。
具有权利要求4的特征的根据本发明的装置的特征在于，设置有驱动电机，并且所述控制器为了实施全自动的泊车过程操控驱动电机，以用于驱动所述车辆进入前进运动中和进入后退运动中。尤其这样实施根据本发明的方法。由此得出已经提及的优点。
所述驱动电机优选与所述变速器有效连接。由此将所述驱动电机的驱动转矩通过所述变速器传递到所述机动车的驱动轮上。由此所述驱动电机随带驱动所述变速器。
此外优选规定，所述驱动电机中间连接在所述分离离合器与所述内燃机之间。由此通过断开所述分离离合器，所述驱动电机同样从所述变速器脱离。如果所述泊车过程借助所述驱动电机来实施，那么所述内燃机由此在任何情况下都被随带拖曳。
此外优选规定，所述驱动电机能够独立于所述内燃机来运行。由此，所述驱动电机以下述方式接合到所述动力总成系统处：使得所述驱动电机也能够独立于所述内燃机的运行向前或者向后驱动所述机动车。为此例如规定，所述驱动电机能够通过单独的离合器与所述变速器的从动轴有效连接。
优选规定，所述内燃机配属于所述机动车的第一轴，并且所述驱动电机配属于所述机动车的第二轴。由此实现了，所述驱动电机能够在任何情况下都独立于所述内燃机（除了通过行驶道路的耦接之外）来运行。所述驱动电机的独立的运行由此被理解为下述这种运行，在所述运行中，所述驱动电机在所述机动车的动力总成系统处能够独立地运行。通过行驶道路的耦接当然是可行的。仅经由通过操纵所述分离离合器将所述内燃机从所述动力总成系统分离，能够确保所述驱动电机的完全独立的运行。
此外优选规定，所述驱动电机能够通过另一分离离合器与所述动力总成系统有效连接。如之前已经提及的那样，所述驱动电机由此能够独立于所述内燃机来运行并且由此避免必须由所述驱动电机施加以随带拖曳所述内燃机的拖曳力矩。通过所述驱动电机的独立的运行能够全自动地实施能量高效的泊车过程。
附图说明
在下文中将借助附图进一步阐述本发明。为此，唯一的附图以简化的俯视图示出了机动车。
具体实施方式
所述附图以简化的示图示出了机动车1的俯视图，所述机动车具有动力总成系统2，所述动力总成系统具有内燃机3和手动的变速器4。在所述内燃机3与所述变速器4之间设置有能够操纵的分离离合器5，所述分离离合器在未被操纵的状态下闭合并且在被操纵的状态下断开。所述离合器5尤其构造为自锁式（selbstschließend）摩擦离合器。所述变速器4由于其构造为手动的离合器4而仅能够由所述机动车1的驾驶员来操作，从而使得挡位变换仅能够由驾驶员来引入。所述变速器4在从动侧与所述机动车的驱动轮6连接。
所述机动车1此外具有装置7，所述装置用于全自动地实施所述机动车的泊车过程。所述装置7为此具有驱动电机8以及控制器9。所述控制器9与所述机动车1的离合器5、电机8、转向装置10以及在此未进一步示出的环境传感设备连接。所述驱动电机8中间连接在所述分离离合器5与所述变速器4之间，以便驱动所述离合器4的输入轴或者说以便将附加的转矩引进到所述变速器4中。
所述控制器9通过所述环境传感设备获取行驶路径，以便全自动地实施进入所期望的停车位中的泊车过程，所述机动车1必须沿着所述行驶路径运动。为了实施所述泊车过程，所述控制器9操控所述离合器5以用于所述离合器的操纵，从而使得所述内燃机3从其余的动力总成系统脱离。此外，所述控制器9操控所述转向装置10以及所述驱动电机8，以便实施所述泊车过程。在此所述驱动电机8尤其为了所述机动车1的前进运行和后退运行而被操控。所述驱动电机8由此以下述方式被操控：使得所述驱动电机朝其中一个转动方向或者其中另一个转动方向输出转矩，以便向前或者向后运行所述机动车。在此能够保持最后置入所述变速器4中的挡位。有利的是，所述控制器9检测所置入的挡位，以便朝所期望的方向驱动所述驱动电机8，从而尤其根据置入所述变速器4的前进挡位还是后退挡位来朝其中一个方向或者其中另一个方向驱动所述驱动电机，以便使所述机动车1向前或者向后运动。
所述装置7由此能够实现：尽管是手动的变速器4，所述机动车1也全自动地实施泊车过程，所述泊车过程不仅需要前进行驶也需要后退行驶。因为所述驱动电机8不需要传动机构来改变其转动方向，由此也就不需要驾驶员的干预来改变行驶方向。这提高了在自动的泊入过程中的舒适性并且此外也使得远距离控制的泊入成为可能。所述控制器9通过使用所述环境传感设备像例如超声传感器、雷达传感器、摄像传感器或者类似传感器来决定：哪个过程对于成功的泊入来说是必要的。所述控制器9在此决定：是否必须起动、加速、制动或者停止并且此外确定用于所述转向装置10的准确的转向角。所述控制器9为此可选地与所述机动车1的制动系统11连接。为了实施所述泊车过程，那么当然必要的是，电存储器中的能量足够被提供用于运行所述驱动电机8。如果不是这种情况，那么在所述动力总成系统2的适当的拓扑布局中接通所述内燃机3，以便运行发电机以对所述电存储器充电。
作为替代方案，所述驱动电机8在从动侧配属于所述变速器4，如通过驱动电机8'所示出的那样。还能够设想的是，所述驱动电机8配属于所述机动车1的一个轴，并且所述内燃机3或者说所述动力总成系统2配属于所述机动车1的另一个轴，从而使得所述驱动电机8能够独立于所述动力总成系统2来驱动，并且仅通过行驶道路与所述动力总成系统2耦接。也能够规定的是，所述驱动电机8直接安置在所述内燃机3处并且与所述内燃机有效连接。在此，所述机动车1也能够通过所述驱动电机8向前或者向后运动。在这种情况下，优选中断连接马达的点火并且所述连接马达通过电动马达被朝两个方向随带拖曳。

Claims (2)

1.用于运行机动车（1）的方法，所述机动车具有动力总成系统（2）以及制动装置（11）和转向装置（10）作为能够操控的运行装置，所述动力总成系统具有内燃机（3）和手动的变速器（4），其中所述变速器（4）通过操纵分离离合器（5）能够从所述内燃机（3）脱离或者能够接合到所述内燃机（3）处，其中为了实施泊车过程自动地操控所述运行装置中的至少几个运行装置，并且具有驱动电机（8），所述驱动电机（8）中间连接在所述分离离合器（5）与所述内燃机（3）之间或直接安置在所述内燃机（3）处并且与所述内燃机（3）有效连接，
其特征在于，为了实施全自动的泊车过程，操控所述驱动电机（8）以用于驱动车辆进入前进运动中和进入后退运动中，其中闭合所述分离离合器（5）并且切断所述内燃机（3），从而使得所述内燃机（3）被所述驱动电机（8）朝两个方向随带拖曳。
2.用于尤其通过按权利要求1所述的方法来运行机动车的装置，所述装置具有动力总成系统（2）以及制动装置（11）和转向装置（10）作为运行装置，所述动力总成系统具有内燃机（3）和手动的变速器（4），其中所述变速器（4）通过操纵分离离合器（5）能够从所述内燃机（3）脱离或者能够接合到所述内燃机（3）处，并且具有控制器（9），所述控制器为了实施泊车过程自动地操控所述运行装置中的至少几个运行装置，并且具有驱动电机（8），所述驱动电机（8）中间连接在所述分离离合器（5）与所述内燃机（3）之间或直接安置在所述内燃机（3）处并且与所述内燃机（3）有效连接，
其特征在于，所述控制器（9）为了实施全自动的泊车过程操控驱动电机（8）以用于驱动所述机动车进入前进运动中和进入后退运动中、闭合所述分离离合器（5）并且切断所述内燃机（3），从而使得所述内燃机（3）被所述驱动电机（8）朝两个方向随带拖曳。
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