CN108336361A - 电镀式板栅纤维复合线 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于电池极板的板栅领域，具体公开了一种电镀式板栅纤维复合线，由内至外依次包括线芯、电镀导电层、合成层和棉线层，合成层由多孔炭和玻璃组成。其中玻璃为无铅玻璃，电镀导电层为铜电镀层，线芯为玻璃纤维制成。本产品使用少量的电镀金属，大大减少产品的质量，相对于现有技术提升了蓄电池的比能量。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于电池极板的板栅领域，尤其涉及一种电镀式板栅复合线。
背景技术
铅蓄电池板栅对极板具有分流作用，使得电流均匀分布到活性物质中，而且对电流的传导体起着集流、汇流和输流的作用，因此铅蓄电池板栅是决定电池性能的关键性因素。铅蓄电池板栅的生产方式有很多种，目前主要是采用铅钙合金和铅钙锡铝银稀土合金制备，但是铅钙合金强度差，铸造困难，尤其是阳极氧化过程中生长的高阻抗钝化膜极大地影响着电池的深充放电循环能力，使板栅的应用带来了困难。而铅钙锡铝银稀土合金在凝固时易热裂，合金的流动性差。因此板栅设计要综合考虑铅蓄电池的用途、铸造水平、模具制造能力、筋条结构及筋条间距的要求及影响。由于铅具有密度大的劣势，则铅蓄电池在功率密度和比能量方面相对较低，而采用铅材料制备的非活性部件的板栅，使得铅蓄电池的比能量进一步降低。另外，铅蓄电池对环境污染严重，目前倡导保护环境的大背景下，复合环保理念变的尤为重要。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种电镀式板栅纤维复合线，以解决现有技术比能量低的问题。
为了达到上述目的，本发明的基础方案提供一种电镀式板栅纤维复合线，由内至外依次包括线芯、电镀导电层、合成层和棉线层，棉线层与合成层紧密贴合，合成层由多孔炭和玻璃组成，多孔炭将棉线层与电镀导电层连通，玻璃分散于多孔炭中。
本基础方案的原理和有益效果在于：1.使用时在本产品制成的板栅上涂覆极性膏体，膏体浸入本产品外层的棉线中，并浸入合成层的多孔炭中。利用本产品制成电池后，电解液浸入棉线，同时电解液浸入多孔炭，并与电镀导电层接触，并且多孔炭在电解液中具有较高的电流密度，使膏体与电镀导电层之间的导电性良好。
2.棉线在液体环境中强度降低易断裂，浸入棉线和多孔炭的膏体，使断裂的棉线仍然依附在合成层的多孔炭上，防止断裂的棉线进入电解液，影响电解反应。
3.玻璃成分的加入使本产品具有较高的强度，适用于承载膏体，采用产品可适当降低板栅外框的强度，节约了成本。
4.本产品使用少量的电镀金属，大大减少产品的质量，同时多孔炭提高了电流密度从而提高了放电能力，相对于现有技术提升了蓄电池的比能量。
优化方案一：所述玻璃为无铅玻璃。无铅玻璃的使用使本产品的含铅量减少，符合环保理念。另外无铅玻璃的软化点适中，在本产品制造过程中的炭化-活性法中作为粘接剂。
优化方案二：所述无铅玻璃的成分为：按质量分数配比，B2O3为2％至5％，Bi2O3为2％至3％，ZnO为2％至3％，Al2O3为2％至5％，MgO为2.5％，BaO为7.5％，余量为SiO2。该配方下的无铅玻璃具有700℃的软化点，在酚醛树脂作为碳源的活化过程中，起粘接剂作用，并具有较低的电阻。
优化方案三：所述电镀导电层为铜电镀层。铜的导电性能较好，并且使本产品中不含铅，进一步贴近了环保理念。
优化方案四：所述线芯为玻璃纤维制成。玻璃纤维热塑性良好，适应了玻璃和酚醛树脂在高温处理过程中的体积变化。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例电镀式板栅纤维复合线的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明：
说明书附图中的附图标记包括：棉线层1、合成层2、电镀导电层3、线芯4。
实施例：本方案中的电镀式板栅纤维复合线，如图1所示，由内至外依次包括线芯4、电镀导电层3、合成层2和棉线层1，合成层2由多孔炭和玻璃组成。其中玻璃为无铅玻璃，电镀导电层3为铜电镀层，线芯4为玻璃纤维制成。
本实施例中复合线的制造方法如下：
第一步：化学电镀
选取直径为0.8mm的玻璃纤维做线芯4，将线芯4浸入硫酸铜，酒石酸钾钠(螯合剂)和甲醛组成的混合溶液中，在碱性条件下，溶液中的铜离子被甲醛还原成金属铜而沉积在线芯4表面上。重复化学电镀两到三次，使镀膜为15μm-20微米。
第二步：制备无铅玻璃粉
无铅玻璃粉的配方组成：按质量分数配比，B2O3为2％，Bi2O3为3％，ZnO为3％，Al2O3为2％，MgO为2.5％，BaO为7.5％，余量为SiO2。
将上述配料分次加入到陶瓷坩埚中，待箱式烧结炉升温至1250℃，将陶瓷坩埚放入烧结炉中，保温30min后，迅速倒入水中进行水淬，将水淬后的玻璃装入球磨罐中球磨72h，用400目筛网过筛，得到平均粒径3μm的玻璃粉，制得具有软化点为700℃的无铅玻璃粉。
第三步：制备合成料
合成料组成：按体积分数配比，无铅玻璃粉为8％，余量为热固性酚醛树脂，不饱和脂肪酸，以及有机溶剂；
所述合成料为100重量份(以固体成份换算)时，所述热固性酚醛树脂、所述不饱和脂肪酸和所述有机溶剂的含量如以下所示：
所述热固性酚醛树脂：30重量份；热固性酚醛树脂为甲阶酚醛树脂。
所述不饱和脂肪酸：5重量份；所述不饱和脂肪酸是炭数为6以上20以下的不饱和脂肪酸。
所述有机溶剂：30重量份。所述机溶剂成份为乙二醇醚类以及/或者萜烯醇类。
第四步：合成层2制备
将第一步中的线芯4裹覆一层第二步的合成料，将包覆有合成料的线芯4在120℃环境下两小时使合成料中的甲阶酚醛树脂固化，并转化为乙阶酚醛树脂。此过程酚醛树脂粘稠液态变为固态起粘接剂作用，将包覆料中的无铅玻璃粉固定在线芯4上。将线芯4采用炭化-活化两步法制备多孔炭材料，利用合成层2中的酚醛树脂在KOH作活化剂，炭化温度为600℃，活化温度为900℃和活化时间为2h的工艺条件下制得带有多孔炭的合成层2。此过程将合成层2中的乙阶酚醛树脂制备成多孔炭，过程中软化的无铅玻璃粉起粘接剂作用，将合成料中的多孔炭粘接在线芯4上。该多孔炭在水系电解液中1mA/cm～2充放电时，比电容达到310F/g，电流密度增大50倍容量保持率达到90％。
第五步：缠绕棉线
将直径为1mm的棉线紧密缠绕在第三步的线芯4上制成复合线。
Claims (5)
1.电镀式板栅纤维复合线，其特征在于，由内至外依次包括线芯、电镀导电层、合成层和棉线层，棉线层与合成层紧密贴合，合成层由多孔炭和玻璃组成，多孔炭将棉线层与电镀导电层连通，玻璃分散于多孔炭中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电镀式板栅纤维复合线，其特征在于：所述玻璃为无铅玻璃。
3.根据权利要求2所述的电镀式板栅纤维复合线，其特征在于：所述无铅玻璃的成分为：按质量分数配比，B2O3为2％至5％，Bi2O3为2％至3％，ZnO为2％至3％，Al2O3为2％至5％，MgO为2.5％，BaO为7.5％，余量为SiO2。
4.根据权利要求1所述的电镀式板栅纤维复合线，其特征在于：所述电镀导电层为铜电镀层。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的电镀式板栅纤维复合线，其特征在于：所述线芯为玻璃纤维制成。
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