CN108329493A - 一种改善涤纶织物/pvc复合材料界面粘结性能的方法 - Google Patents

一种改善涤纶织物/pvc复合材料界面粘结性能的方法 Download PDF

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CN108329493A
CN108329493A CN201810265552.3A CN201810265552A CN108329493A CN 108329493 A CN108329493 A CN 108329493A CN 201810265552 A CN201810265552 A CN 201810265552A CN 108329493 A CN108329493 A CN 108329493A
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dacron
surface modifier
dilution
composite material
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普丹丹
张显华
傅雅琴
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Henan Institute of Engineering
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Abstract

本发明一种改善涤纶织物/PVC复合材料界面粘结性能的方法，包括以下步骤：1）预处理；2）改性剂的制备与稀释；3）改性和4）制备。本发明的涤纶织物改性的方法工艺简单，成本低廉，表面改性剂制备方便，只要将不同的组份按配比混合均匀即可；该表面改性剂制备过程中不添加水解源，而是利用空气中的水分，可以反复使用，且基本没有废液排放；利用本发明的方法对涤纶织物进行改性，可以提高涤纶织物的浸润性能。

Description

一种改善涤纶织物/PVC复合材料界面粘结性能的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及涤纶织物/PVC复合材料领域，特别是涉及改善涤纶织物/PVC复合材料界面粘结性能的方法。
背景技术
以涤纶织物为增强体的聚氯乙烯（PVC）柔性复合材料，具有较高的强度和模量、良好的尺寸稳定性、较强的承载能力以及优良的抗疲劳性能，在广告灯箱布、汽车篷盖、建筑、农业等领域取得了初步应用，但因为涤纶纤维结晶度高，表面缺少极性基团，表面化学反应活性差等特点，使得其与聚氯乙烯树脂基体之间不易形成牢固结合的界面，使得涤纶织物与聚氯乙烯树脂基体之间的剥离强度不足，出现涤纶织物与聚氯乙烯薄膜之间局部相分离的现象，严重影响其使用寿命。目前使用的增强剥离强度的方法主要是采用粘合剂对涤纶织物进行底涂工艺。该方法存在着一定的不足：如粘合剂严重危害人体的健康、生产工艺较复杂、成本较高等问题。因此，寻找一种简单高效的改善涤纶织物/PVC柔性复合材料剥离强度的方法具有很好的应用前景和实际应用价值。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明的目的是针对现有技术的不足，为了使涤纶织物/PVC复合材料具有更好的界面粘结性能和应用价值，同时也为了避免涤纶织物/PVC复合材料制备较复杂的工艺和较高的成本，本发明提供一种改善涤纶织物/PVC柔性复合材料界面粘结性能的方法，在改善涤纶织物/PVC柔性复合材料剥离强度的同时又可以延长其使用寿命，具有较高的实际应用价值。
为达到上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：
一种改善涤纶织物/PVC复合材料界面粘结性能的方法，包括以下步骤：
1）预处理：将涤纶织物/PVC复合材料浸泡于预处理液中，45-55°C的条件下浸泡处理45-55min，然后50-70°C下烘干后备用；所述预处理液中是氢氧化钠浓度为8-12g/L、表面活性剂浓度为0.8-1.2g/L的水溶液；
2）改性剂的制备与稀释：将重量比为1：0.01：0.2：1-4：15为正硅酸乙酯、对甲基苯磺酸、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷、邻苯二甲酸二辛脂、无水乙醇混合，并将混合液放入密闭容器中静置6小时-4个月，得表面改性剂；将表面改性剂加入50-100倍重量份的无水乙醇稀释后，在空气中陈化2-24小时，得到表面改性剂稀释液；
3）改性：将步骤1预处理后的涤纶织物/PVC复合材料，使用步骤2）表面改性剂稀释液进行上浆，单浸单轧，然后自然干燥，完成对涤纶织物改性处理；
4）制备：将重量比为90-110:130:7的聚氯乙烯（PVC）、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯（DOP）、环氧大豆油（ESO）混合均匀，采用手糊法制备涤纶织物/PVC复合材料，同时控制复合材料的厚度为1.5-2.0mm，手糊法所用固化工艺为155-165°C，15-20min。
进一步地，步骤1）中所述表面活性剂为表面活性剂1227，保证碱减量率在10%-15%。
进一步地，步骤1）中所述织物与预处理液的料液比为1-1.5g/100ml。
进一步地，步骤4）中所述复合材料的厚度为1.8mm。
本发明的有益效果是：
本发明的涤纶织物改性的方法工艺简单，成本低廉，表面改性剂制备方便，只要将不同的组份按配比混合均匀即可；该表面改性剂制备过程中不添加水解源，而是利用空气中的水分，可以反复使用，且基本没有废液排放；利用本发明的方法对涤纶织物进行改性，可以提高涤纶织物的浸润性能。
本发明对涤纶织物进行改性的方法，在预处理过程合理控制碱减量率，以确保涤纶织物本身的力学性能受到损伤时，在上浆过程中可以得以修复；利用改性处理后的涤纶织物与聚氯乙烯树脂制备复合材料，与未处理的涤纶织物制备的复合材料相比，织物与树脂的界面结合性能得到了显著的改善。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例3改性处理前后的涤纶织物/PVC复合材料拉伸强度柱状图：a是改性处理前；b是改性处理后；
图2为本发明实施例3改性处理前后的涤纶织物/PVC复合材料剥离强度曲线图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步描述。
实施例1
1）预处理：将涤纶织物/PVC复合材料浸泡于预处理液中， 45°C的条件下浸泡处理45min，然后50°C下烘干后备用；所述织物与预处理液的料液比为1g/100ml；所述预处理液中是氢氧化钠浓度为8g/L、表面活性剂1227的浓度为0.8g/L的水溶液，保证碱减量率在10%-15%；
2）改性剂的制备与稀释：将重量比为1：0.01：0.2：1：15为正硅酸乙酯、对甲基苯磺酸、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷、邻苯二甲酸二辛脂、无水乙醇混合，并将混合液放入密闭容器中静置6小时，得表面改性剂；将表面改性剂加入50-100倍重量份的无水乙醇稀释后，在空气中陈化2小时，得到表面改性剂稀释液；
3）改性：将步骤1预处理后的涤纶织物/PVC复合材料，使用步骤2）表面改性剂稀释液进行上浆，单浸单轧，然后自然干燥，完成对涤纶织物改性处理；
4）制备：将重量比为90:130:7的聚氯乙烯（PVC）、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯（DOP）、环氧大豆油（ESO）混合均匀，采用手糊法制备涤纶织物/PVC复合材料，同时控制复合材料的厚度为1.5mm，手糊法所用固化工艺为155°C，15min。
经拉伸性能测试，涤纶织物/PVC复合材料的纵向拉伸强度由改性处理前的12.58Mpa，提高到了14.70 Mpa，提高了16.85%；横向拉伸强度由改性处理前的11.84 MPa提高到了13.65 MPa，提高了15.29%。经剥离强度测试，涤纶织物/PVC复合材料的剥离强度由改性处理前的18.2935 N/25mm提高到改性处理后的31.6300 N/25mm，提高了72.90%。
实施例2
1）预处理：将涤纶织物/PVC复合材料浸泡于预处理液中，55°C的条件下浸泡处理55min，然后70°C下烘干后备用；所述预处理液中是氢氧化钠浓度为12g/L、表面活性剂1227浓度为1.2g/L，保证碱减量率在15%的水溶液；所述织物与预处理液的料液比为1.5g/100ml
2）改性剂的制备与稀释：将重量比为1：0.01：0.2：4：15为正硅酸乙酯、对甲基苯磺酸、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷、邻苯二甲酸二辛脂、无水乙醇混合，并将混合液放入密闭容器中静置4个月，得表面改性剂；将表面改性剂加入100倍重量份的无水乙醇稀释后，在空气中陈化24小时，得到表面改性剂稀释液；
3）改性：将步骤1预处理后的涤纶织物/PVC复合材料，使用步骤2）表面改性剂稀释液进行上浆，单浸单轧，然后自然干燥，完成对涤纶织物改性处理；
4）制备：将重量比为110:130:7的聚氯乙烯（PVC）、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯（DOP）、环氧大豆油（ESO）混合均匀，采用手糊法制备涤纶织物/PVC复合材料，同时控制复合材料的厚度为2.0mm，手糊法所用固化工艺为165°C，20min。
经拉伸性能测试，涤纶织物/PVC复合材料的纵向拉伸强度由改性处理前的12.60Mpa，提高到了14.71Mpa，提高了16.75%；横向拉伸强度由改性处理前的11.83 MPa提高到了13.66MPa，提高了15.47%。经剥离强度测试，涤纶织物/PVC复合材料的剥离强度由改性处理前的18.2947N/25mm提高到改性处理后的31.6225 N/25mm，提高了72.85%。
实施例3
1）预处理：将涤纶织物/PVC复合材料浸泡于预处理液中，50°C的条件下浸泡处理50min，然后60°C下烘干后备用；所述预处理液中是氢氧化钠浓度为10g/L、表面活性剂浓度为1.0g/L的水溶液；所述表面活性剂为表面活性剂1227，碱减量率在12%；述织物与预处理液的料液比为1.0g/100ml；
2）改性剂的制备与稀释：将重量比为1：0.01：0.2：2.5：15为正硅酸乙酯、对甲基苯磺酸、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷、邻苯二甲酸二辛脂、无水乙醇混合，并将混合液放入密闭容器中静置2个月，得表面改性剂；将表面改性剂加入70倍重量份的无水乙醇稀释后，在空气中陈化13小时，得到表面改性剂稀释液；
3）改性：将步骤1预处理后的涤纶织物/PVC复合材料，使用步骤2）表面改性剂稀释液进行上浆，单浸单轧，然后自然干燥，完成对涤纶织物改性处理；
4）制备：将重量比为100:130:7的聚氯乙烯（PVC）、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯（DOP）、环氧大豆油（ESO）混合均匀，采用手糊法制备涤纶织物/PVC复合材料，同时控制复合材料的厚度为1.8mm，手糊法所用固化工艺为160°C，15min。
经拉伸性能测试，其结果如图1，涤纶织物/PVC复合材料的纵向拉伸强度由改性处理前的12.59 Mpa，提高到了14.73 Mpa，提高了17%；横向拉伸强度由改性处理前的11.84MPa提高到了13.68 MPa，提高了15.54%。经剥离强度测试，其结果如图2所示。涤纶织物/PVC复合材料的剥离强度由改性处理前的18.2949 N/25mm提高到改性处理后的31.6821N/25mm，提高了73.17%。
最后说明的是，以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制，本领域普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案所做的其他修改或者等同替换，只要不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围，均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。

Claims (4)

1.一种改善涤纶织物/PVC复合材料界面粘结性能的方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
1）预处理：将涤纶织物/PVC复合材料浸泡于预处理液中，45-55°C的条件下浸泡处理45-55min，然后50-70°C下烘干后备用；所述预处理液中是氢氧化钠浓度为8-12g/L、表面活性剂浓度为0.8-1.2g/L的水溶液；
2）改性剂的制备与稀释：将重量比为1：0.01：0.2：1-4：15为正硅酸乙酯、对甲基苯磺酸、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷、邻苯二甲酸二辛脂、无水乙醇混合，并将混合液放入密闭容器中静置6小时-4个月，得表面改性剂；将表面改性剂加入50-100倍重量份的无水乙醇稀释后，在空气中陈化2-24小时，得到表面改性剂稀释液；
3）改性：将步骤1预处理后的涤纶织物/PVC复合材料，使用步骤2）表面改性剂稀释液进行上浆，单浸单轧，然后自然干燥，完成对涤纶织物改性处理；
4）制备：将重量比为90-110:130:7的聚氯乙烯（PVC）、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯（DOP）、环氧大豆油（ESO）混合均匀，采用手糊法制备涤纶织物/PVC复合材料，同时控制复合材料的厚度为1.5-2.0mm，手糊法所用固化工艺为155-165°C，15-20min。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，步骤1）中所述表面活性剂为表面活性剂1227，保证碱减量率在10%-15%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，步骤1）中所述织物与预处理液的料液比为1-1.5g/100ml。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，步骤4）中所述复合材料的厚度为1.8mm。
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