CN108324833B - 一种治疗结缔组织病相关性间质性肺病的中药制剂 - Google Patents
一种治疗结缔组织病相关性间质性肺病的中药制剂 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于中药技术领域,具体涉及一种治疗结缔组织病相关性间质性肺病的中药制剂。所述中药组合物包括以下成分及其重量份:黄芪20‑40份,知母5‑20份,柴胡5‑20份,升麻5‑20份,桔梗5‑15份,五味子1‑10份,丹参10‑25份,当归10‑20份,甘草3‑9份。此外,还包括蜂房10‑20份。本发明中药组合物能够有效治疗结缔组织病相关性间质性肺病,能够有效减轻肺纤维化。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于中药技术领域,具体涉及一种治疗结缔组织病相关性间质性肺病的中药制剂。
背景技术
间质性肺疾病(interstitial lung disease,ILD)是一组主要累及肺间质、肺泡和/或细支气管的肺部弥漫性疾病。ILD是世界性难题,纵观近十年以来国际指南,ILD的治疗信心严重不足,是当今社会严重危害人类健康的疑难性疾病。ILD并不是一种独立的疾病,它包括200多个病种。其临床主要表现为渐进性劳力性气促,限制性通气功能障碍伴弥散功能降低,低氧血症,影像学上的双肺弥漫性病变,最终发展为弥漫性肺纤维化和蜂窝肺,导致呼吸功能衰竭而死亡。
而结缔组织病相关性间质性肺病是ILD家族中病因明确,但发病机理仍不明确的病种之一。糖皮质激素联合免疫抑制剂是临床治疗首选,但研究发现,单纯结缔组织病与结缔组织病伴发肺损害者,两者预后截然不同,后者生存中位期显著小于前者。结缔组织病相关性间质性肺病的治疗仍是医学界难题,现代医学机理不明确,治疗信心不足。
基于2014年美国胸科协会(ATS)最新公布的治疗特发性肺纤维化药物的试验结果,吡非尼酮和尼达尼布治疗特发性肺纤维化得到国际专家的一致认可,为特发性肺纤维化的治疗带来一丝曙光。鉴于结缔组织病相关性间质性肺病的病理类型以普通型间质性肺炎为主,与特发性肺纤维化病理类型相一致,临床上尝试应用吡非尼酮性拓适应症治疗结缔组织病相关性间质性肺病,但治疗效果反馈意见欠佳,而其副作用是显而易见的,光过敏、肝功及胃肠道损害尤为突出。目前中西医结合诊治结缔组织病相关性间质性肺病仍是国内医学界的共识,且临床收效甚佳。因此,发挥中医优势,研发一种无毒副作用、治疗效果好的治疗特发性肺纤维化的药物是亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
为解决上述问题,本发明提供一种治疗结缔组织病相关性间质性肺病的中药制剂及其制备方法。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
本发明目的之一,提供一种治疗结缔组织病相关性间质性肺病的中药组合物,所述中药组合物包括以下成分及其重量份:
黄芪20-40份,知母5-20份,柴胡5-20份,升麻5-20份,桔梗5-15份,五味子1-10份,丹参10-25份,当归10-20份,甘草3-9份。
本发明目的之二,提供一种所述中药组合物在制备治疗间质性肺病药物中的应用。
本发明目的之三,提供一种所述中药组合物在制备治疗结缔组织病相关性间质性肺病药物中的应用。
本发明目的之四,提供一种中药制剂,由以上所述的药物组合物和药学上可接受的辅料制备而成。
本发明目的之五,提供所述中药制剂在制备治疗结缔组织病相关性间质性肺病药物中的应用。
本发明药物组成及方解如下:
结缔组织病相关性间质性肺病归属于中医的“肺痹”、“喘证”、“痹证”等范畴。《素问·痹论》云:“风寒湿三气杂至,合而为痹······皮痹不已,复感于邪,内舍于肺”,“痹之客五脏者,肺痹者,烦满喘而呕······淫气喘息,痹聚在肺。”由此可见,肺痹既可受风寒湿邪自外而入,亦可因正气不足由内而生。多继发于类风湿关节炎、干燥综合征等,往往先有肌表、关节症状,由五体痹发展成为五脏痹之一。其基本病机为经络壅闭,气血不行,肺络痹阻。临床特点主要为干咳、气短、劳力性气促为主,与《金匮要略》“息张口短气者,肺痿吐沫”相似,主要表达为气短不足以息,或努力呼吸似喘息,与中医主张“大气”不足或深陷息息相关。“大气”即胸中宗气,“因能掌持全身,为诸气之纲领,包举肺外,司呼吸之枢纽,故郑而重之曰大气”。“此气一虚,呼吸既觉不利,而且肢体酸懒,精神昏聩,脑力心思,为之顿减”、“或下陷过甚者,其人即觉呼吸停顿,昏然罔觉”。
本发明依据“整体观念、辨证论治”治疗理念,发挥中医药“简便验廉”特色,用药精简,立意明确,治以培补摄纳、祛邪调气。
生黄芪,《珍珠囊》云“黄芪甘温纯阳,其用有五:补诸虚不足,一也;益元气,二也;壮脾胃,三也;去肌热,四也;排脓止痛、活血生血······五也。”因黄芪既善补气,又善升气,且其质轻松,中含氧气,与胸中大气有同气相求之妙用,故补气升陷为君药。柴胡为少阳之药,能引大气之陷者自左上升;升麻为阳明之药,能引大气之陷者自右上升,两者助黄芪升陷之力,意取《升陷汤》之意,五味子酸中寓收助黄芪补气,桔梗、丹参、当归止咳化痰、活血通络,兼顾痰瘀痹阻肺络之病机,共为臣药。知母凉润制主药之温燥,桔梗为药中之舟楫,能载诸药之力上达胸中,故用之为向导也,两者共为佐药,生甘草不仅清热解毒、止咳化痰,同时可以调和药性,用为使药。
本发明组方特色:(1)重补气,主升提:黄芪主补气,五味子主敛气,补敛共用则相得益彰;柴胡、升麻升提大气,助黄芪之力;桔梗主升,载药上行,用药在专;(2)气血同调:一味丹参功同四物,当归甘、辛、温。甘则补益,辛则能行能散,芳香理气,两者合用补血、活血、行气,气血同调。
本发明取得的有益效果:
本发明依据“整体观念、辨证论治”治疗理念,发挥中医药“简便验廉”特色,用药精简,立意明确,治以培补摄纳、祛邪调气。本发明中药组合物能够有效治疗结缔组织病相关性间质性肺病,能够有效减轻肺纤维化。
具体实施方式
应该指出,以下详细说明都是示例性的,旨在对本发明提供进一步的说明。除非另有指明,本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。
需要注意的是,这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式,而非意图限制根据本发明的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的,除非上下文另外明确指出,否则单数形式也意图包括复数形式,此外,还应当理解的是,当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时,其指明存在特征、步骤、操作和/或它们的组合。
正如背景技术所述西药在治疗结缔组织病相关性间质性肺病,存在诸多不良反应,研发一种无毒副作用、治疗效果好的治疗特发性肺纤维化的药物是亟需的。为解决上述问题,本发明目的之一,提供一种治疗结缔组织病相关性间质性肺病的中药组合物,所述中药组合物包括以下成分及其重量份:
黄芪20-40份,知母5-20份,柴胡5-20份,升麻5-20份,桔梗5-15份,五味子1-10份,丹参10-25份,当归10-20份,甘草3-9份。
进一步,所述中药组合物由以下成分及其重量份组成:黄芪25份,知母12份,柴胡10份,升麻8份,桔梗12份,五味子6份,丹参18份,当归12份,甘草6份。
进一步,所述中药组合物还包括蜂房10-20份。
进一步,所述中药组合物由以下成分及其重量份组成:
黄芪25份,知母12份,柴胡10份,升麻8份,桔梗12份,五味子6份,丹参18份,当归12份,蜂房15份,甘草6份。
生黄芪:甘,微温。归脾、肺经。补气升阳,益卫固表,利水消肿,托疮生肌。
知母:苦、甘,寒。归肺、胃、肾经。清热泻火,滋阴润燥。
柴胡:苦、辛,微寒。归肝、胆经。疏散退热,疏肝解郁,升阳举陷。
升麻:辛、甘,微寒。归肺、脾、胃、大肠经。发表透疹,清热解毒,升举阳气。
桔梗:苦、辛、平。归肺经。宣肺祛痰,利咽,排脓。
五味子:酸,甘,温。归肺、心、肾经。敛肺滋肾,生津敛汗,涩精止泻、宁心安神。
丹参:苦,微寒。归心、肝经。活血调经,凉血消痈,安神。
当归:甘,辛,温。归肝、心、脾经。补血,活血,调经,止痛,润肠。
蜂房:甘,平。归胃经。攻毒杀虫,祛风止痛。
生甘草:甘,平。归心、肺、脾、胃经。益气补中,清热解毒,祛痰止咳,缓急止痛,调和药性。
本发明目的之二,提供一种所述中药组合物在制备治疗间质性肺病药物中的应用。
本发明目的之三,提供一种所述中药组合物在制备治疗结缔组织病相关性间质性肺病药物中的应用。
本发明目的之四,提供一种中药制剂,由以上所述的药物组合物和药学上可接受的辅料制备而成。
进一步,所述药学上可接受的辅料为崩解剂、润滑剂或黏合剂。
进一步,所述药物制剂的剂型为丸剂、胶囊剂、片剂、散剂、颗粒剂或口服液。
本发明目的之五,提供所述中药制剂在制备治疗结缔组织病相关性间质性肺病药物中的应用。
结合具体实例对本发明作进一步的说明,以下实施例仅是为了解释本发明,并不对其内容进行限定。
实施例1一种中药组合物
所述中药组合物由以下成分及其重量份组成:
黄芪20份,知母20份,柴胡20份,升麻5份,桔梗15份,五味子1份,丹参25份,当归10份,甘草9份。
实施例2一种中药组合物
所述中药组合物由以下成分及其重量份组成:
黄芪40份,知母5份,柴胡5份,升麻20份,桔梗5份,五味子10份,丹参10份,当归20份,甘草3份。
实施例3一种中药组合物
所述中药组合物由以下成分及其重量份组成:
黄芪25份,知母12份,柴胡10份,升麻8份,桔梗12份,五味子6份,丹参18份,当归12份,甘草6份。
实施例4一种中药组合物
所述中药组合物由以下成分及其重量份组成:
黄芪25份,知母12份,柴胡10份,升麻8份,桔梗12份,五味子6份,丹参18份,当归12份,蜂房15份,甘草6份。
试验例1安全性毒理学试验
选取体重为18~22g的小鼠100只,雌雄各半,随机分为5组。试验前禁食6h。将实施例1-4制备得到的中药组合物制备成按中药常规制粒方法制成颗粒用蒸馏水配成0.75g/mL,按0.02mL/g一次经口灌胃,给药剂量相当于中药成分15g/kg体重。阴性对照组给予相同容量的蒸馏水。连续观察7d,记录中毒表现及死亡情况。
小鼠给药后未见明显中毒症状,未出现动物死亡。由此可知,本发明实施例1-4中药组合物对小鼠急性经口LD50>15g/kg,属实际无毒类。
试验例2临床观察
(一)研究对象
收集山东中医药大学附属医院呼吸科2015年10月至2017年2月期间,门诊及病房就诊的患者,同时符合结缔组织病相关性间质性肺病的西医诊断标准,以及中医痰瘀痹阻证的患者共50例,根据患者自主意愿分为西医治疗组、中西医结合治疗组。其中,两组患者人数分别为20人、30人。
诊断标准:
①西医诊断标准
结缔组织病相关性间质性肺病的诊断应结合患者的症状、体征、病史、全身系统检查、肺功能、胸部影像学检查(CT/HRCT)、免疫学检查等进行综合判断。
(1)主要症状:有进行性呼吸困难、持续性干咳等临床症状;
(2)体征:听诊闻及Velcro罗音,可见口唇发绀、杵状指(趾);
(3)CT/HRCT表现:出现磨玻璃影、肺边缘不规则实变、小叶间隔及胸膜下线、网织影、间质性结节、支气管血管束异常、蜂窝肺等异常间质性改变。
(4)肺功能测试结果出现限制性通气功能障碍、气体交换障碍。肺容量降低:
肺活量降低但第一秒用力呼气量正常;肺弥散功能障碍;通气血流比发生异常。
(5)免疫学检查:风湿四项、抗核抗体、抗和抗体谱等符合类风湿关节炎、干燥综合征、系统性硬化症等疾病。
②中医诊断标准
根据山东中医药学会肺系病专业委员会间质性肺病中医诊疗指南(2013修订)制定。
痰瘀痹阻证
症状:气短喘甚,胸脘痞闷或隐痛,咳痰粘腻稠厚,难咳,唇甲紫绀,或杵状指(趾),面色晦暗,舌质紫暗,有瘀点或瘀斑,苔厚腻,脉沉弦或滑。
病例纳入标准
(1)符合结缔组织病相关性间质性肺病的诊断标准;
(2)年龄分布在30到75之间(包括30岁、75岁),性别不限;
(3)入组前1个月没有参加另外的药物观察研究;
(4)患者同意参加本研究,同时签署知情同意书。
病例排除标准
(1)不符合诊断标准者;
(2)合并严重的其他疾病如严重心脑血管病、肿瘤等;
(3)合并严重急性感染者;
(4)妊娠期及哺乳期妇女;
(5)神志不清、痴呆及各种精神病患者;
(6)不同意实验者;
(二)治疗方法
西医治疗组(一组)
根据患者体重,给予强的松0.5mg/kg/d(30—40mg/d)口服。
中西医结合治疗组(二组)
根据患者体重,给予强的松0.5mg/kg/d(30—40mg/d)口服。同时将本发明实施例3中药组合物煎煮后服用,早晚各服一次。
观察指标
(1)肺功能检查
通过跟踪病例的方式,录入病例时进行肺功能检查,治疗1个月后进行肺功能复查,记录相关指标:肺活量、一秒量、一氧化碳弥散量。
(2)症状、体征单项评分及症状、体征总评分
根据间质性肺病的主要临床症状及体征,制定评分标准(无症状0分,轻度1分,中度2分,中重度3分,重度4分)。录入病例时,采取询问病史的方式,详细记录西医治疗组及中西医结合治疗组每例患者的症状、体征单项评分及总评分,并在治疗1个月后进行跟踪回访,详细询问并记录每例患者的症状、体征单项评分及总评分。
观察患者主要临床症状、体征的单项评分及总评分变化。
疗效评价标准
临床疗效评估采用尼莫地平症状积分法,根据治疗前、后的主要症状积分计算疗效指标。疗效指数(n)=(治疗前症状和体征总积分-治疗后症状和体征总积分)/治疗前症状和体征总积分×100%。
(1)临床控制:n≥80%
(2)显效50%≤n<80%
(3)有效20%≤n<50%
(4)无效n<20%。
统计方法
(三)治疗结果
(1)治疗前后肺功能结果
治疗前后肺功能结果如表1所示。
注:治疗前与治疗后相比,**代表P<0.01
由表1可知,服用本发明实施例3中药组合物后,患者前后的FVC%、FEV1%、DLco%对比P值均<0.01,说明服用本发明中药组合物可显著改善间质性肺病患者的各项肺功能指标。
(2)治疗前后主要症状积分结果
治疗前后主要症状积分结果如表2所示。
注:治疗前与治疗后相比,**代表P<0.01
由表2可知,服用本发明实施例3中药组合物后,患者前后咳嗽、呼吸困难评分统计学对比P值均<0.01,说明服用本发明中药组合物可显著改善间质性肺病患者的咳嗽、呼吸困难指标。
(3)临床疗效比较
具体临床疗效比较如表3所示。
表3临床疗效
组别 | 临床控制 | 显效 | 有效 | 无效 | 有效率 |
一组 | 4 | 7 | 6 | 3 | 85% |
二组 | 12 | 11 | 6 | 1 | 97.8% |
由表3可知,本发明中药组合物对间质性肺病治疗有效率高达97.8%。
试验例3
为了进一步研究本发明中药组合物对结缔组织病相关性间质性肺病的治疗效果,基于结缔组织病相关性间质性肺病与特发性肺纤维化病理相似,本发明以平阳霉素所致肺纤维化动物模型为对象,研究了本发明中药组合物对结缔组织病相关性间质性肺病的治疗作用。
将30只清洁级Wistar健康雄性大鼠,体重(200±20)g(购自山东鲁抗医药股份有限公司,合格证号:SCXK(鲁)20130001),随机分为三组:对照组、模型组、试验组,用平阳霉素雾化液造大鼠纤维化模型。造模完成后,于造模后第3天开始,每天给药1次,持续28d。每天给药及给药量:对照组6ml生理盐水/kg,模型组6ml生理盐水/kg,试验组6ml实施例3中药组合物药液/kg。给药结束后处死动物,进行SOD活力、丙二醛含量和羟脯氨酸含量进行测定。试验结果如表4所示。
表4各组大鼠肺组织SOD、丙二醛和羟脯氨酸含量
由表4可知,模型组动物肺组织SOD活性明显降低,丙二醛含量明显升高,说明动物造型成功。试验组大鼠给药后SOD活性升高,丙二醛含量下降均极为显著,说明本发明实施例3中药组合物可对肺纤维化过程起到明显的缓解作用。
模型组羟脯氨酸含量明显高于对照组,表明平阳霉素可造成胶原组织在肺内沉积出现纤维化。试验组给药后,给药组肺组织羟脯氨酸含量虽然低于模型组,但效果并不显著,说明本发明中药组合物对减轻肺纤维化效果有待提高。
为了提高对减轻肺纤维化的效果,本发明在实施例3的基础上加入10重量份的蜂房。众所周知,蜂房主祛风止痛,尤其擅长治疗风湿性疾病,符合结缔组织病的辨病用药。同时取类比象法,蜂房类似患者蜂窝肺样改变,有研究表明蜂房具有止咳平喘之功效,并且临床应用效果颇佳。按上述方法进行试验,发现有促进羟脯氨酸含量降低的作用。在此基础上,本发明技术人员进一步调整蜂房的用量,当蜂房加入量为15重量份时(即本发明实施例4配方),可非常显著地减轻肺纤维化,具体实验结果如表5所示。
表5各组大鼠肺组织SOD、丙二醛和羟脯氨酸含量
由表5可知,本发明实施例4中药组合物对结缔组织病相关性间质性肺病有显著的治疗作用。
Claims (8)
1.一种治疗结缔组织病相关性间质性肺病的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述中药组合物由以下成分及其重量份组成:
黄芪25份,知母12份,柴胡10份,升麻8份,桔梗12份,五味子6份,丹参18份,当归12份,甘草6份。
2.一种治疗特发性肺纤维化的中药组合物,其特征在于,由以下成分及其重量份组成:
黄芪25份,知母12份,柴胡10份,升麻8份,桔梗12份,五味子6份,丹参18份,当归12份,蜂房15份,甘草6份。
3.根据权利要求1-2任一所述中药组合物在制备治疗间质性肺病药物中的应用。
4.根据权利要求2所述所述中药组合物在制备治疗结缔组织病相关性间质性肺病药物中的应用。
5.一种中药制剂,其特征在于,由权利要求2所述的药物组合物和药学上可接受的辅料制备而成。
6.根据权利要求5所述的药物制剂,其特征在于,所述药学上可接受的辅料为崩解剂、润滑剂或黏合剂。
7.根据权利要求5所述的药物制剂,其特征在于,所述药物制剂的剂型为丸剂、胶囊剂、片剂、散剂、颗粒剂或口服液。
8.根据权利要求5所述中药制剂在制备治疗结缔组织病相关性间质性肺病药物中的应用。
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