CN108323457A - 一种富硒河鱼的套养方法 - Google Patents
一种富硒河鱼的套养方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108323457A CN108323457A CN201810142187.7A CN201810142187A CN108323457A CN 108323457 A CN108323457 A CN 108323457A CN 201810142187 A CN201810142187 A CN 201810142187A CN 108323457 A CN108323457 A CN 108323457A
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- selenium
- parts
- rich
- bamboo
- freshwater fish
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Classifications
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- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/15—Leaf crops, e.g. lettuce or spinach
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
本发明公开一种富硒河鱼的套养方法，包括如下步骤：(1)围网：选择流速不快的河道，用网在河中围起形成养殖区域，在河上搭建可提高高度的种植架，种植架放置种植盘；所述种植盘放置富硒土壤；所述种植盘上种植农作物；(2)投放鱼苗：选择健康、体质好的鱼苗投放入河内养殖区域；鱼苗投放量为800～1000尾/亩；(3)饲样管理：喂养过程采用富硒饲料喂养河鱼；(4)种植管理：根据河水水位调整种植架高度，使种植盘的底部刚好触碰水面；定期采用消毒剂对种植盘消毒。本发明采用富硒饲料喂养河鱼并配合富硒种植农作物的套养方法大大提高鱼体内硒的含量，鱼长势快。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及水产养殖技术领域，具体涉及一种富硒河鱼的套养方法。
背景技术
硒是人体必需的微量元素，而硒在地球表面分布是极不平衡的，我国约有72％地区缺硒，特别是从东北到西南的15个省市自治区的部分地区构成了“贫硒地带”。因此，中国著名营养学家于若木提出，我国要像抓补碘那样抓好补硒工作。一般食品的含硒量都在0.2ppm以下，干牡蛎、干海米的含硒量最高，也不到3ppm，野生和按常规方法栽培的食菌的含硒量一般不会超过1ppm。有机硒一般以硒蛋氨酸形式存在，依循蛋氨酸代谢途径代谢，参与蛋白的合成，容易在组织内储存、吸收；被人体吸收后可迅速的被人体利用，有效改善人体内血硒状况。
鱼是高蛋白动物食品，是人们常食用的动物性食品，目前的河鱼、淡水鱼中硒含量较少，单纯的依靠生长环境中的水提供硒，环境中硒的含量少，难以提供充足的硒。目前，养殖户也都通过向饲料中添加有机硒或者无机硒，或者采用富硒植物饲养河鱼，以提高河鱼的硒含量，但鱼富硒效果都不是很理想。
发明内容
本发明解决河鱼硒含量少的技术问题，一种富硒河鱼的套养方法。
一种富硒河鱼的套养方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)围网：选择流速不快的河道，用网在河中围起形成养殖区域，在河上搭建可提高高度的种植架，种植架放置种植盘；所述种植盘放置富硒土壤；所述种植盘上种植农作物；
(2)投放鱼苗：选择健康、体质好的鱼苗投放入河内养殖区域；鱼苗投放量为800～1000尾/亩；
(3)饲样管理：喂养过程采用富硒饲料喂养河鱼；所述的富硒饲料由质量份的原料组成：麦麸1～5份、豆饼3～8份、鱼粉1～3份、玉米3～8份、大麦4～8份、生长素0.1～1份、牛皮菜1～5份、苏丹草2～8份、紫花苜蓿3～8份、蚯蚓7～13份、维生素1～3份、氨基酸3～7份、豆饼10～16份、动物内脏13～15份、富硒竹木醋液0.1～3份、大蒜素0.1～1份、甘草苷0.1～1份、洋葱挥发油1～3份；
(4)种植管理：根据河水水位调整种植架高度，使种植盘的底部刚好触碰水面；定期采用消毒剂对种植盘消毒。
其中，所述农作物为莴苣、牛皮菜、生菜、空心菜。
其中，所述的富硒土壤由质量份的如下原料组成：沙质土10～15份、腐叶土12～16份、草炭土15～27份、下水道泥土17～29份、农家肥3～7份、竹木醋液0.1～1份。
其中，所述富硒竹木醋液由如下制备方法得到：用碱液将竹屑清洗后干燥，再进行微粉碎成微粒；将竹屑微粒和无机硒置于炭窑中加热干馏，以20～50℃/h的升温速度升温热解，并于300～400℃下保温1～2h收集蒸馏液得到粗木醋液；将粗木醋液置于超临界二氧化碳萃取釜中，以乙醚、甲苯、乙酸乙酯的混合液为夹带剂进行萃取得到所述精制木醋液；所述超临界二氧化碳的萃取温度为30～35℃、萃取压力为60～63Mpa，二氧化碳的流速为4Kg/h；将精制木醋液陈化4～6个月后得到所述富硒竹木醋液；所述竹屑微粒与无机硒的质量之比为100:0.1～0.5份。
其中，所述消毒剂由质量份的如下原料组成：双氧水2～6份、竹木醋液34～40份、茶皂素5～8份、柠檬烯0.1～1份、薄荷醇0.1～3份。
其中，所述竹木醋液由如下方法制得：用碱液将竹屑清洗后，干燥至水分百分含量为15～20％后进行微粉碎成微粒；将竹屑微粒和无机硒置于炭窑中加热干馏，以20～50℃/h的升温速度升温热解，并于800～900℃保温1～2h，收集蒸馏液得到粗木醋液；向粗木醋液加入活性炭进行吸附除杂后即得所述精制木醋液；所述活性炭的添加量为10～15g/L，处理时间为30～50min，处理温度为40～50℃；将精制木醋液陈化4～6个月即得到所述竹木醋液；所述竹屑微粒与无机硒的质量之比为100：0.1～0.5。
所述的富硒竹木醋液除了含有硒化合物之外，还含有酚类，少量的酯类、酮类、醛类化合物，其中，酚类化合物中，苯酚、愈创木酚、2,6-二甲基苯酚、邻苯二酚和苯酚含量较高。
所述竹木醋液除了含硒化合物之外，主要还含有有机酸、醇类、酮类和酚类化合物。
本发明与现有技术相比较具有以下有益效果：
(1)本发明采用农作物与河鱼套种养殖，种植农作物的土壤中含有硒，种植过程中，土壤中的硒部分进入水中，可提高水中的硒含量，对种植盘消毒采用的消毒剂为富硒消毒剂，消毒剂进入水中，也可提高水中硒的含量，本发明同时采用富硒饲料喂养鱼，本发明从环境中和饲养两个方面提供丰富的硒，鱼富硒量高。本发明河鱼套养技术中，种养殖配合，经济效益高。
(2)本发明的消毒剂中由双氧水、竹木醋液、茶皂素、柠檬烯、薄荷醇组成，消毒剂中各成分均对微生物有不同程度的杀菌作用，其相互配合可提高消毒剂杀菌的广谱性，杀菌灭菌效果好。
(3)本发明的富硒土壤由沙质土、腐叶土、草炭土、下水道泥土、农家肥、竹木醋液组成，土壤肥力好，土壤不易板结，排水性好，土质松软，促进植物根系的生长，农作物生长快。
(3)本发明的鱼饲料中，以麦麸、豆饼、玉米、大麦、牛皮菜、苏丹草、紫花苜蓿、豆饼为植物饲料，以鱼粉、蚯蚓、动物内脏为肉类饲料，生长素、维生素、氨基酸、甘草苷为营养加强剂，本发明的饲料营养价值搭配合理，适合鱼的生长。富硒竹木醋液、洋葱挥发油和大蒜素、具有不同的抗氧化作用和抑菌作用，但是洋葱挥发油易挥发，大蒜素杀菌种类范围小，广谱性低，富硒竹木醋液、大蒜素、甘草苷、洋葱挥发油相互配合，可有效降低洋葱挥发油的挥发，提高饲料的杀菌抑菌效果，饲料不易发霉变质，延长饲料保质期，同时富硒竹木醋液、大蒜素、甘草苷、洋葱挥发油相互配合预防饲料氧化变质，饲料中的亚油酸、亚麻酸、油酸得到很好的保存，饲料中添加富硒竹木醋液为酸性物质，其与甘草苷配合改善饲料的口感，促进饲料的消化吸收，鱼生长快。
(4)本发明的富硒竹木醋液和竹木醋液均将无机硒与竹屑微粒混合后一起热解，无机硒在反应过程中参与化学反应生成硒化合物，同时硒还可作为催化剂，降低反应活化能，提高木醋液的产率。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例和试验对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1
一种富硒河鱼的套养方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)围网：选择流速不快的河道，用网在河中围起形成养殖区域，在河上搭建可提高高度的种植架，种植架放置种植盘；所述种植盘放置富硒土壤；所述种植盘上种植种植莴苣、牛皮菜、生菜、空心菜；所述的富硒土壤由质量份的如下原料组成：沙质土15份、腐叶土12份、草炭土27份、下水道泥土17份、农家肥7份、竹木醋液0.1份；
(2)投放鱼苗：选择健康、体质好的鱼苗投放入河内养殖区域；鱼苗投放量为1000尾/亩；
(3)饲样管理：喂养过程采用富硒饲料喂养河鱼；所述的富硒饲料由质量份的原料组成：麦麸1份、豆饼8份、鱼粉1份、玉米8份、大麦4份、生长素1份、牛皮菜1份、苏丹草8份、紫花苜蓿3份、蚯蚓13份、维生素1份、氨基酸7份、豆饼10份、动物内脏15份、富硒竹木醋液0.1份、大蒜素1份、甘草苷0.1份、洋葱挥发油3份；
(4)种植管理：根据河水水位调整种植架高度，使种植盘的底部刚好触碰水面；定期采用消毒剂对种植盘消毒；所述消毒剂由质量份的如下原料组成：双氧水2份、竹木醋液40份、茶皂素5份、柠檬烯1份、薄荷醇0.1份。
其中，所述富硒竹木醋液由如下制备方法得到：用碱液将竹屑清洗后干燥，再进行微粉碎成微粒；将竹屑微粒和无机硒置于炭窑中加热干馏，以50℃/h的升温速度升温热解，并于300℃下保温2h收集蒸馏液得到粗木醋液；将粗木醋液置于超临界二氧化碳萃取釜中，以乙醚、甲苯、乙酸乙酯的混合液为夹带剂进行萃取得到所述精制木醋液；所述超临界二氧化碳的萃取温度为30℃、萃取压力为63Mpa，二氧化碳的流速为4Kg/h；将精制木醋液陈化4个月后得到所述富硒竹木醋液；所述竹屑微粒与无机硒的质量之比为100:0.5份。
其中，所述竹木醋液由如下方法制得：用碱液将竹屑清洗后，干燥至水分百分含量为15％后进行微粉碎成微粒；将竹屑微粒和无机硒置于炭窑中加热干馏，以50℃/h的升温速度升温热解，并于800℃保温2h，收集蒸馏液得到粗木醋液；向粗木醋液加入活性炭进行吸附除杂后即得所述精制木醋液；所述活性炭的添加量为10g/L，处理时间为50min，处理温度为40℃；将精制木醋液陈化6个月即得到所述竹木醋液；所述竹屑微粒与无机硒的质量之比为100：0.1。
实施例2
一种富硒河鱼的套养方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)围网：选择流速不快的河道，用网在河中围起形成养殖区域，在河上搭建可提高高度的种植架，种植架放置种植盘；所述种植盘放置富硒土壤；所述种植盘上种植种植莴苣、牛皮菜、生菜、空心菜；所述的富硒土壤由质量份的如下原料组成：沙质土10份、腐叶土16份、草炭土15份、下水道泥土29份、农家肥3份、竹木醋液1份；
(2)投放鱼苗：选择健康、体质好的鱼苗投放入河内养殖区域；鱼苗投放量为800尾/亩；
(3)饲样管理：喂养过程采用富硒饲料喂养河鱼；所述的富硒饲料由质量份的原料组成：麦麸5份、豆饼3份、鱼粉3份、玉米3份、大麦8份、生长素0.1份、牛皮菜5份、苏丹草2份、紫花苜蓿8份、蚯蚓7份、维生素3份、氨基酸3份、豆饼16份、动物内脏13份、富硒竹木醋液3份、大蒜素0.1份、甘草苷1份、洋葱挥发油1份；
(4)种植管理：根据河水水位调整种植架高度，使种植盘的底部刚好触碰水面；定期采用消毒剂对种植盘消毒；所述消毒剂由质量份的如下原料组成：双氧水6份、竹木醋液34份、茶皂素8份、柠檬烯0.1份、薄荷醇3份。
其中，所述富硒竹木醋液由如下制备方法得到：用碱液将竹屑清洗后干燥，再进行微粉碎成微粒；将竹屑微粒和无机硒置于炭窑中加热干馏，以20℃/h的升温速度升温热解，并于400℃下保温1～2h收集蒸馏液得到粗木醋液；将粗木醋液置于超临界二氧化碳萃取釜中，以乙醚、甲苯、乙酸乙酯的混合液为夹带剂进行萃取得到所述精制木醋液；所述超临界二氧化碳的萃取温度为30℃、萃取压力为63Mpa，二氧化碳的流速为4Kg/h；将精制木醋液陈化4个月后得到所述富硒竹木醋液；所述竹屑微粒与无机硒的质量之比为100:0.5份。
其中，所述竹木醋液由如下方法制得：用碱液将竹屑清洗后，干燥至水分百分含量为15％后进行微粉碎成微粒；将竹屑微粒和无机硒置于炭窑中加热干馏，以50℃/h的升温速度升温热解，并于800℃保温1～2h，收集蒸馏液得到粗木醋液；向粗木醋液加入活性炭进行吸附除杂后即得所述精制木醋液；所述活性炭的添加量为15g/L，处理时间为30min，处理温度为50℃；将精制木醋液陈化4个月即得到所述竹木醋液；所述竹屑微粒与无机硒的质量之比为100：0.5。
实施例3
一种富硒河鱼的套养方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)围网：选择流速不快的河道，用网在河中围起形成养殖区域，在河上搭建可提高高度的种植架，种植架放置种植盘；所述种植盘放置富硒土壤；所述种植盘上种植种植莴苣、牛皮菜、生菜、空心菜；所述的富硒土壤由质量份的如下原料组成：沙质土12份、腐叶土15份、草炭土20份、下水道泥土20份、农家肥6份、竹木醋液0.5份；
(2)投放鱼苗：选择健康、体质好的鱼苗投放入河内养殖区域；鱼苗投放量为900尾/亩；
(3)饲样管理：喂养过程采用富硒饲料喂养河鱼；所述的富硒饲料由质量份的原料组成：麦麸3份、豆饼6份、鱼粉2份、玉米6份、大麦7份、生长素0.5份、牛皮菜3份、苏丹草6份、紫花苜蓿6份、蚯蚓10份、维生素2份、氨基酸6份、豆饼12份、动物内脏14份、富硒竹木醋液1份、大蒜素0.5份、甘草苷0.5份、洋葱挥发油2份；
(4)种植管理：根据河水水位调整种植架高度，使种植盘的底部刚好触碰水面；定期采用消毒剂对种植盘消毒；所述消毒剂由质量份的如下原料组成：双氧水5份、竹木醋液38份、茶皂素7份、柠檬烯0.5份、薄荷醇1份。
其中，所述富硒竹木醋液由如下制备方法得到：用碱液将竹屑清洗后干燥，再进行微粉碎成微粒；将竹屑微粒和无机硒置于炭窑中加热干馏，以30℃/h的升温速度升温热解，并于350℃下保温1～2h收集蒸馏液得到粗木醋液；将粗木醋液置于超临界二氧化碳萃取釜中，以乙醚、甲苯、乙酸乙酯的混合液为夹带剂进行萃取得到所述精制木醋液；所述超临界二氧化碳的萃取温度为32℃、萃取压力为62Mpa，二氧化碳的流速为4Kg/h；将精制木醋液陈化5个月后得到所述富硒竹木醋液；所述竹屑微粒与无机硒的质量之比为100:0.4份。
其中，所述竹木醋液由如下方法制得：用碱液将竹屑清洗后，干燥至水分百分含量为18％后进行微粉碎成微粒；将竹屑微粒和无机硒置于炭窑中加热干馏，以40℃/h的升温速度升温热解，并于850℃保温2h，收集蒸馏液得到粗木醋液；向粗木醋液加入活性炭进行吸附除杂后即得所述精制木醋液；所述活性炭的添加量为12g/L，处理时间为40min，处理温度为45℃；将精制木醋液陈化5个月即得到所述竹木醋液；所述竹屑微粒与无机硒的质量之比为100：0.3。
为了说明本发明的技术效果，设置如下对照组：
对照组1
对照组1与实施例1的一种富硒河鱼的套养方法基本相同，区别在于，对照组1的河鱼养殖方法中不种植农作物。
对照组2
对照组2与实施例1的一种富硒河鱼的套养方法基本相同，区别在于，对照组2种植农作物的土壤不含有竹木醋液。
对照组3
对照组3与实施例1的一种富硒河鱼的套养方法基本相同，区别在于；对照组3采用的杀菌剂不含有竹木醋液。
对照组4
对照组4与实施例1的一种富硒河鱼的套养方法基本相同，区别在于，对照组4的饲料中不含有大蒜素、甘草苷。
对照组5
对照组5与实施例1的一种富硒河鱼的套养方法基本相同，区别在于，对照组4的饲料中不含有富硒竹木醋液和洋葱挥发油。
养殖试验：
按照实施例1～实施例3以及对照组1～对照组5的提供的一种富硒河鱼的养殖方法养殖河鱼，一年后，捕获河鱼，对捕获的捕获的河鱼进行称重，计算平均体重，实施例1～实施例3的河鱼平均体重，相比于对照组1～对照组5的高，说明本发明的河鱼套养方法河鱼长势好。同时检测鱼内的硒含量，结果如下表1。
表1
由表1可知，本发明的实施例1～实施例3的鱼硒含量相比于对照组1～对照组5高，说明说明本发明采用富硒饲料喂养河鱼并配合富硒种植农作物的套养方法大大提高鱼体内硒的含量。
上述说明是针对本发明较佳可行实施例的详细说明，但实施例并非用以限定本发明的专利申请范围，凡本发明所提示的技术精神下所完成的同等变化或修饰变更，均应属于本发明所涵盖专利范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种富硒河鱼的套养方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
(1)围网：选择流速不快的河道，用网在河中围起形成养殖区域，在河上搭建可提高高度的种植架，种植架放置种植盘；所述种植盘放置富硒土壤；所述种植盘上种植农作物；
(2)投放鱼苗：选择健康、体质好的鱼苗投放入河内养殖区域；鱼苗投放量为800～1000尾/亩；
(3)饲样管理：喂养过程采用富硒饲料喂养河鱼；所述的富硒饲料由质量份的原料组成：麦麸1～5份、豆饼3～8份、鱼粉1～3份、玉米3～8份、大麦4～8份、生长素0.1～1份、牛皮菜1～5份、苏丹草2～8份、紫花苜蓿3～8份、蚯蚓7～13份、维生素1～3份、氨基酸3～7份、豆饼10～16份、动物内脏13～15份、富硒竹木醋液0.1～3份、大蒜素0.1～1份、甘草苷0.1～1份、洋葱挥发油1～3份；
(4)种植管理：根据河水水位调整种植架高度，使种植盘的底部刚好触碰水面；定期采用消毒剂对种植盘消毒。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种富硒河鱼的套养方法，其特征在于，所述农作物为莴苣、牛皮菜、生菜、空心菜。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种富硒河鱼的套养方法，其特征在于，所述的富硒土壤由质量份的如下原料组成：沙质土10～15份、腐叶土12～16份、草炭土15～27份、下水道泥土17～29份、农家肥3～7份、竹木醋液0.1～1份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种富硒河鱼的套养方法，其特征在于，所述富硒竹木醋液由如下制备方法得到：用碱液将竹屑清洗后干燥，再进行微粉碎成微粒；将竹屑微粒和无机硒置于炭窑中加热干馏，以20～50℃/h的升温速度升温热解，并于300～400℃下保温1～2h收集蒸馏液得到粗木醋液；将粗木醋液置于超临界二氧化碳萃取釜中，以乙醚、甲苯、乙酸乙酯的混合液为夹带剂进行萃取得到所述精制木醋液；所述超临界二氧化碳的萃取温度为30～35℃、萃取压力为60～63Mpa，二氧化碳的流速为4Kg/h；将精制木醋液陈化4～6个月后得到所述富硒竹木醋液；所述竹屑微粒与无机硒的质量之比为100:0.1～0.5份。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种富硒河鱼的套养方法，其特征在于，所述消毒剂由质量份的如下原料组成：双氧水2～6份、竹木醋液34～40份、茶皂素5～8份、柠檬烯0.1～1份、薄荷醇0.1～3份。
6.根据权利要求3或5所述的一种富硒河鱼的套养方法，其特征在于，所述竹木醋液由如下方法制得：用碱液将竹屑清洗后，干燥至水分百分含量为15～20％后进行微粉碎成微粒；将竹屑微粒和无机硒置于炭窑中加热干馏，以20～50℃/h的升温速度升温热解，并于800～900℃保温1～2h，收集蒸馏液得到粗木醋液；向粗木醋液加入活性炭进行吸附除杂后即得所述精制木醋液；所述活性炭的添加量为10～15g/L，处理时间为30～50min，处理温度为40～50℃；将精制木醋液陈化4～6个月即得到所述竹木醋液；所述竹屑微粒与无机硒的质量之比为100：0.1～0.5。
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