CN107969382A - 一种文桥鸭的抗病养殖法 - Google Patents
一种文桥鸭的抗病养殖法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107969382A CN107969382A CN201711185094.4A CN201711185094A CN107969382A CN 107969382 A CN107969382 A CN 107969382A CN 201711185094 A CN201711185094 A CN 201711185094A CN 107969382 A CN107969382 A CN 107969382A
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Abstract
本发明提供一种文桥鸭的抗病养殖法,涉及养殖技术领域,其养殖方法包括如下步骤:一、鸭舍的选择与建设、二、饲养管理、三、疾病防治、四、卫生消毒;采用本发明的方法养殖得到的鸭存活率高,抗病能力强,得到的鸭肉质细嫩,味道鲜美,营养丰富,且养殖方法操作简便、成本低廉、易于实施,适用于各种规模的养殖场。
Description
【技术领域】
本发明涉及养殖技术领域,具体涉及一种文桥鸭的抗病养殖法。
【背景技术】
我国养禽业历史悠久,自改革开放20年来,发展甚为迅速,已从家庭副业式的零星散养发展为集约化、专业化、现代化产业,成为了我国农村和畜牧业的一大经济支柱。随着养禽业的迅速发展,各种禽饲料也随之迅速发展,现阶段市场的各种饲料品种繁多,作用各异,为了满足市场对鸭肉的大量需求,现在均采用大型农场饲养方法,鸭场中有大量的动植物、真菌和细菌,鸭放养在鸭场内,喜欢在鸭场内到处啄食寻找食物,极易感染病菌患病,影响鸭的出栏率。另外,传统的肉鸭饲喂过程中,大多添加抗生素或含有抗生素的药物,但抗生素的使用存在药物残留、耐药性和交叉感染等弊端,同时影响肉鸭的肉质安全和鸭肉品质。
【发明内容】
有鉴于此,本发明的目的在于提供了一种文桥鸭的抗病养殖法,采用本发明的方法养殖得到的鸭存活率高,抗病能力强,得到的鸭肉质细嫩,味道鲜美,营养丰富,且养殖方法操作简便、成本低廉、易于实施,适用于各种规模的养殖场。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明采用了如下的技术方案:
一种文桥鸭的抗病养殖法,按照如下步骤进行养殖:
一、鸭舍的选择与建设
选择通风、干燥、水源充足、排水良好的平地建造鸭舍,建造鸭舍采用耐酸、碱消毒药的材料,鸭舍上层设有通风口,底部设有排粪槽,鸭舍内设置一个面积3-7平方米的恒温室,舍外设有水槽,水槽设有温度计;
二、饲养管理
a.开饮管理:孵化2-3小时后的鸭苗在采食前用浓度为0.01-0.03wt.%高锰酸钾水混合浓度为3-6wt.%的红糖水喂养,喂养方式为:将雏鸭置于竹篓内,慢慢浸入水温在16-18℃的水盆中,让水淹没脚趾,让雏鸭喝上水并尽可能不打湿鸭毛,若鸭毛被打湿则需要尽快吹干;
b.开食管理:出壳18小时后,用菠菜汁泡软碎米饭饲喂雏鸭,饲料槽旁放置饮水器,以便随时饮水,方便吞咽;
c.饲料控制:1-15日龄内的鸭为育雏期;该阶段的鸭于温度为35-38℃的恒温室内培养,从第二天起恒温室的温度每天降低0.5℃;该时期每日用饲料A进行投喂,每天至少喂食4次,饮用水采用香蕉皮煎煮水,水温控制在19-23℃;16-60日龄内的鸭为育成期;该阶段每日喂食3-4次饲料B,并采用荞麦煎煮得到的茶水为饮用水,水温控制在19-23℃;放养期为61日龄-出栏的鸭;该时期的鸭于果园中放养,放养期间每天于下午18-20时喂食饲料C 1次,于每天中午11-12时用韭菜、鱼骨粉、豆粕、蔗糖、食盐按照质量比为2-3:3-4:2-4:1-2:0.2-0.4的比例混合得到的饲料D饲喂一次;
三、疾病防治
20日龄后,每隔3-5天用中草药组合物喂鸭一次,中草药组合物是通过拌入饲料内进行喂食的,其中,中草药组合物占喂食饲料总重量的15-20%;所述中草药组合物由以下重量份的原料组成:艾叶8-16份、葵花籽5-10份、虎杖3-8份、石苇3-8份、瞿麦5-10份、知母6-12份、连翘6-12份、蛇床子3-8份、麻黄2-6份和水适量。
在本发明中,进一步说明,还包括卫生消毒的步骤,具体为:每1-2周消毒鸭舍一次,采用消毒液A与消毒液B进行交替消毒,消毒方法为:将鸭舍内的鸭粪清理干净,然后用消毒液对鸭舍进行全面喷洒,熏蒸1-2小时后,再用水冲洗干净,然后使阳光照射至干燥即可;所述消毒液A由0.2%的氢氧化钠和0.1-0.2%的百毒杀混合得到;所述消毒液B由以下重量份的原料组成:大戟2-6份、芫花3-8份、黄连5-10份、黄柏3-8份、厚朴2-6份、白芍4-9份、没药3-8份和薄荷6-12份。
在本发明中,进一步说明,所述步骤二中,在放养前先对果园地进行追肥及消毒处理,具体如下:在放养鸭群前12-15日在菜园地面施加未腐熟的农家肥50-70千克/亩、施加沼液150-250千克/亩、施加熟石灰10-15千克/亩,然后将甘蔗秸秆平铺在田面上点燃,再施加灌溉水200-250千克/亩。
在本发明中,进一步说明,所述步骤二中的饲料A是通过以下方法得到的:将60-80重量份的玉米粉、22-38重量份的淮山粉以及5-10重量份的鱼骨粉混合放入炒锅中温火炒制5-12分钟,然后加入适量盐,取出摊凉后加入10-18重量份的红糖水,拌匀即可。
在本发明中,进一步说明,所述步骤二中的饲料B是通过以下方法得到的:将25-45重量份的菊苣和10-15重量份的甘薯秧放入青饲料打浆机中粉碎,然后加入10-15重量份豆饼、20-35重量份麦麸、10-18重量份的贝壳粉以及2-6重量份EM菌液拌匀,然后密封发酵20-30天,即可。
在本发明中,进一步说明,所述步骤二中的饲料C是由以下重量份的原料组成:碎米15-20份、贝壳粉10-18份、豆渣8-16份、茄子根8-16份、茅草根8-16份、富硒酵母3-8份、食盐1-2份、醋槽1-3份、糖浆2-3份和硝化细菌0.6-0.8份。
在本发明中,进一步说明,所述中草药组合物是通过以下方法得到的:
(1)制备知母提取液:将知母加入提取容器中,再按照提取剂与知母的重量比为12-16:1的比例将提取剂加入到提取容器中,在32-40℃的条件下,浸泡1-2h得粗提物;将粗提物放入超声波仪中,在60-65℃恒温水浴温度下萃取1-2h,得到萃取物,将所得萃取物通过大孔树脂进行吸附;吸附完后用乙醇洗脱,收集洗脱液,得知母提取液;所述提取剂为乙醇、水和乙酸按照重量比为30-45:40-50:0.15-0.18的比例混合得到的混合溶液;
(2)制备中草药粉:将艾叶、葵花籽、虎杖、石苇、瞿麦、连翘、蛇床子和麻黄混合,加入纤维素酶水溶液至浸过药材表面1-2厘米,浸泡3-4小时,过滤后将滤渣控干水,然后放到烘干箱中干燥,取出自然冷却至室温,再倒入打粉机中粉碎为过30目标准筛的混合粉末得到中草药粉备用;
(3)制备中草药液:将中草药粉放入砂锅中,加入中草药粉总重量4-6倍的水,温火煎制20-40分钟,去渣留药液,并将药液浓缩至室温测定相对密度为1.10-1.15的溶液,即可得到中草药液;
(4)制备中草药组合物:将上述步骤制备得到的知母提取液以及中草药液一起混合搅拌均匀,经过喷雾干燥处理得到混合药物粉末,即为所述中草药组合物。
综上所述,由于采用了上述技术方案,本发明的有益效果是:
1、本发明的一种文桥鸭的抗病养殖法从生长环境到鸭体免疫情况进行防御疾病,首先,从养殖环境来说,对鸭舍进行清扫的同时定期消毒,采用的消毒液为植物消毒液,绿色安全,对人体无害,且不用担心消毒后药物残留对鸭带来的不良影响;从鸭的免疫情况来说,本发明首先从根源上截断病源,对于每一只刚孵化出来的雏鸭,针对其抵抗能力较差,先通过人工控制温度对雏鸭进行保护培育,降低死亡率,在喂食前首先喂可清肠消毒的高锰酸钾水与红糖水混合溶液,并在生长期间采用中草药组合物进行疾病的防治,该中草药组合物是针对消灭鸭体内常出现的病菌而研制,能够杀死鸭体内的各种病菌,药效持久,另外,中草药组合物还能吸附粪便中的臭味物质,且其中含有的茶多酚对蚊虫传播的细菌、病毒等具有解毒、防治作用,减少蚊虫对疾病的传播,从根源上减轻疫病的危害。
2、本发明的一种文桥鸭的抗病养殖法,在防病同时注重鸭的生长发育,做到双管齐下,在饲养鸭过程中,本发明根据鸭各生长发育阶段的不同需求以及消化系统的不同特点针对性饲喂配合饲料,在进食前首先开饮、开食,降低鸭的应激性,在育雏期为饲料A,易于雏鸭消化吸收,在育期喂食饲料B,其蛋白质含量高,促进鸭快速成长,且是通过发酵得到,饲料利用率大大提高,放养期间鸭自由采食,每天补料2次,促进鸭自主采食积极性,本发明的养鸭法结合放养和圈养的两重优势,使得鸭快速生长的同时产出的鸭肉全生态,肉质天然安全,且饲养成本较全圈养成本低,提高了经济效益,值得推广。
【具体实施方式】
下面的实施例可以帮助本领域的技术人员更全面地理解本发明,但不可以以任何方式限制本发明。
实施例1
本实施例所提供的一种文桥鸭的抗病养殖法是按照如下步骤进行养殖的:
一、鸭舍的选择与建设
选择通风、干燥、水源充足、排水良好的平地建造鸭舍,建造鸭舍采用耐酸、碱消毒药的材料,鸭舍上层设有通风口,底部设有排粪槽,鸭舍内设置一个面积3平方米的恒温室,舍外设有水槽,水槽设有温度计;
二、饲养管理
a.开饮管理:孵化2小时后的鸭苗在采食前用浓度为0.01wt.%高锰酸钾水混合浓度为3wt.%的红糖水喂养,喂养方式为:将雏鸭置于竹篓内,慢慢浸入水温在16℃的水盆中,让水淹没脚趾,让雏鸭喝上水并尽可能不打湿鸭毛,若鸭毛被打湿则需要尽快吹干;
b.开食管理:出壳18小时后,用菠菜汁泡软碎米饭饲喂雏鸭,饲料槽旁放置饮水器,以便随时饮水,方便吞咽;
c.饲料控制:1-15日龄内的鸭为育雏期;该阶段的鸭于温度为35℃的恒温室内培养,从第二天起恒温室的温度每天降低0.5℃;该时期每日用饲料A进行投喂,每天至少喂食4次,饮用水采用香蕉皮煎煮水,水温控制在19℃;饲料A是通过以下方法得到的:将60重量份的玉米粉、22重量份的淮山粉以及5重量份的鱼骨粉混合放入炒锅中温火炒制5分钟,然后加入适量盐,取出摊凉后加入10重量份的红糖水,拌匀即可;16-60日龄内的鸭为育成期;该阶段每日喂食3次饲料B,并采用荞麦煎煮得到的茶水为饮用水,水温控制在19℃;饲料B是通过以下方法得到的:将25重量份的菊苣和10重量份的甘薯秧放入青饲料打浆机中粉碎,然后加入10重量份豆饼、20重量份麦麸、10重量份的贝壳粉以及2重量份EM菌液拌匀,然后密封发酵20天,即可;放养期为61日龄-出栏的鸭;该时期的鸭于果园中放养,放养期间每天于下午18时喂食饲料C 1次,饲料C是由以下重量份的原料组成:碎米15份、贝壳粉10份、豆渣8份、茄子根8份、茅草根8份、富硒酵母3份、食盐1份、醋槽1份、糖浆2-3份和硝化细菌0.6份;并于每天中午11时用韭菜、鱼骨粉、豆粕、蔗糖、食盐按照质量比为2:3:2:1:0.2的比例混合得到的饲料D饲喂一次;其中,在放养前先对果园地进行追肥及消毒处理,具体如下:在放养鸭群前12日在菜园地面施加未腐熟的农家肥50千克/亩、施加沼液150千克/亩、施加熟石灰10千克/亩,然后将甘蔗秸秆平铺在田面上点燃,再施加灌溉水200千克/亩;
三、疾病防治
20日龄后,每隔3天用中草药组合物喂鸭一次,中草药组合物是通过拌入饲料内进行喂食的,其中,中草药组合物占喂食饲料总重量的15%;所述中草药组合物由以下重量份的原料组成:艾叶8份、葵花籽5份、虎杖3份、石苇3份、瞿麦5份、知母6份、连翘6份、蛇床子3份、麻黄2份和水适量;中草药组合物是通过以下方法得到的:(1)制备知母提取液:将知母加入提取容器中,再按照提取剂与知母的重量比为12:1的比例将提取剂加入到提取容器中,在32℃的条件下,浸泡1h得粗提物;将粗提物放入超声波仪中,在60℃恒温水浴温度下萃取1h,得到萃取物,将所得萃取物通过大孔树脂进行吸附;吸附完后用乙醇洗脱,收集洗脱液,得知母提取液;所述提取剂为乙醇、水和乙酸按照重量比为30:40:0.15的比例混合得到的混合溶液;(2)制备中草药粉:将艾叶、葵花籽、虎杖、石苇、瞿麦、连翘、蛇床子和麻黄混合,加入纤维素酶水溶液至浸过药材表面1厘米,浸泡3小时,过滤后将滤渣控干水,然后放到烘干箱中干燥,取出自然冷却至室温,再倒入打粉机中粉碎为过30目标准筛的混合粉末得到中草药粉备用;(3)制备中草药液:将中草药粉放入砂锅中,加入中草药粉总重量4倍的水,温火煎制20分钟,去渣留药液,并将药液浓缩至室温测定相对密度为1.10的溶液,即可得到中草药液;(4)制备中草药组合物:将上述步骤制备得到的知母提取液以及中草药液一起混合搅拌均匀,经过喷雾干燥处理得到混合药物粉末,即为所述中草药组合物。
四、卫生消毒
每周消毒鸭舍一次,采用消毒液A与消毒液B进行交替消毒,消毒方法为:将鸭舍内的鸭粪清理干净,然后用消毒液对鸭舍进行全面喷洒,熏蒸1小时后,再用水冲洗干净,然后使阳光照射至干燥即可;所述消毒液A由0.2%的氢氧化钠和0.1%的百毒杀混合得到;所述消毒液B由以下重量份的原料组成:大戟2份、芫花3份、黄连5份、黄柏3份、厚朴2份、白芍4份、没药3份和薄荷6份。
实施例2
本实施例所提供的一种文桥鸭的抗病养殖法是按照如下步骤进行养殖的:
一、鸭舍的选择与建设
选择通风、干燥、水源充足、排水良好的平地建造鸭舍,建造鸭舍采用耐酸、碱消毒药的材料,鸭舍上层设有通风口,底部设有排粪槽,鸭舍内设置一个面积5平方米的恒温室,舍外设有水槽,水槽设有温度计;
二、饲养管理
a.开饮管理:孵化2小时后的鸭苗在采食前用浓度为0.02wt.%高锰酸钾水混合浓度为5wt.%的红糖水喂养,喂养方式为:将雏鸭置于竹篓内,慢慢浸入水温在17℃的水盆中,让水淹没脚趾,让雏鸭喝上水并尽可能不打湿鸭毛,若鸭毛被打湿则需要尽快吹干;
b.开食管理:出壳18小时后,用菠菜汁泡软碎米饭饲喂雏鸭,饲料槽旁放置饮水器,以便随时饮水,方便吞咽;
c.饲料控制:1-15日龄内的鸭为育雏期;该阶段的鸭于温度为36℃的恒温室内培养,从第二天起恒温室的温度每天降低0.5℃;该时期每日用饲料A进行投喂,每天至少喂食4次,饮用水采用香蕉皮煎煮水,水温控制在20℃;饲料A是通过以下方法得到的:将70重量份的玉米粉、25重量份的淮山粉以及7重量份的鱼骨粉混合放入炒锅中温火炒制9分钟,然后加入适量盐,取出摊凉后加入14重量份的红糖水,拌匀即可;16-60日龄内的鸭为育成期;该阶段每日喂食3次饲料B,并采用荞麦煎煮得到的茶水为饮用水,水温控制在21℃;饲料B是通过以下方法得到的:将35重量份的菊苣和12重量份的甘薯秧放入青饲料打浆机中粉碎,然后加入12重量份豆饼、28重量份麦麸、14重量份的贝壳粉以及4重量份EM菌液拌匀,然后密封发酵25天,即可;放养期为61日龄-出栏的鸭;该时期的鸭于果园中放养,放养期间每天于下午19时喂食饲料C 1次,饲料C是由以下重量份的原料组成:碎米17份、贝壳粉14份、豆渣12份、茄子根12份、茅草根12份、富硒酵母6份、食盐1份、醋槽2份、糖浆2-3份和硝化细菌0.7份;并于每天中午11时用韭菜、鱼骨粉、豆粕、蔗糖、食盐按照质量比为3:4:3:2:0.3的比例混合得到的饲料D饲喂一次;其中,在放养前先对果园地进行追肥及消毒处理,具体如下:在放养鸭群前13日在菜园地面施加未腐熟的农家肥60千克/亩、施加沼液200千克/亩、施加熟石灰12千克/亩,然后将甘蔗秸秆平铺在田面上点燃,再施加灌溉水220千克/亩;
三、疾病防治
20日龄后,每隔4天用中草药组合物喂鸭一次,中草药组合物是通过拌入饲料内进行喂食的,其中,中草药组合物占喂食饲料总重量的17%;所述中草药组合物由以下重量份的原料组成:艾叶12份、葵花籽7份、虎杖6份、石苇6份、瞿麦7份、知母9份、连翘9份、蛇床子6份、麻黄4份和水适量;中草药组合物是通过以下方法得到的:(1)制备知母提取液:将知母加入提取容器中,再按照提取剂与知母的重量比为14:1的比例将提取剂加入到提取容器中,在36℃的条件下,浸泡1.5h得粗提物;将粗提物放入超声波仪中,在62℃恒温水浴温度下萃取1.5h,得到萃取物,将所得萃取物通过大孔树脂进行吸附;吸附完后用乙醇洗脱,收集洗脱液,得知母提取液;所述提取剂为乙醇、水和乙酸按照重量比为38:45:0.16的比例混合得到的混合溶液;(2)制备中草药粉:将艾叶、葵花籽、虎杖、石苇、瞿麦、连翘、蛇床子和麻黄混合,加入纤维素酶水溶液至浸过药材表面1.2厘米,浸泡3.5小时,过滤后将滤渣控干水,然后放到烘干箱中干燥,取出自然冷却至室温,再倒入打粉机中粉碎为过30目标准筛的混合粉末得到中草药粉备用;(3)制备中草药液:将中草药粉放入砂锅中,加入中草药粉总重量5倍的水,温火煎制30分钟,去渣留药液,并将药液浓缩至室温测定相对密度为1.12的溶液,即可得到中草药液;(4)制备中草药组合物:将上述步骤制备得到的知母提取液以及中草药液一起混合搅拌均匀,经过喷雾干燥处理得到混合药物粉末,即为所述中草药组合物。
四、卫生消毒
每周消毒鸭舍一次,采用消毒液A与消毒液B进行交替消毒,消毒方法为:将鸭舍内的鸭粪清理干净,然后用消毒液对鸭舍进行全面喷洒,熏蒸1.5小时后,再用水冲洗干净,然后使阳光照射至干燥即可;所述消毒液A由0.2%的氢氧化钠和0.15%的百毒杀混合得到;所述消毒液B由以下重量份的原料组成:大戟4份、芫花6份、黄连7份、黄柏6份、厚朴4份、白芍7份、没药6份和薄荷9份。
实施例3
本实施例所提供的一种文桥鸭的抗病养殖法是按照如下步骤进行养殖的:
一、鸭舍的选择与建设
选择通风、干燥、水源充足、排水良好的平地建造鸭舍,建造鸭舍采用耐酸、碱消毒药的材料,鸭舍上层设有通风口,底部设有排粪槽,鸭舍内设置一个面积7平方米的恒温室,舍外设有水槽,水槽设有温度计;
二、饲养管理
a.开饮管理:孵化3小时后的鸭苗在采食前用浓度为0.03wt.%高锰酸钾水混合浓度为6wt.%的红糖水喂养,喂养方式为:将雏鸭置于竹篓内,慢慢浸入水温在18℃的水盆中,让水淹没脚趾,让雏鸭喝上水并尽可能不打湿鸭毛,若鸭毛被打湿则需要尽快吹干;
b.开食管理:出壳18小时后,用菠菜汁泡软碎米饭饲喂雏鸭,饲料槽旁放置饮水器,以便随时饮水,方便吞咽;
c.饲料控制:1-15日龄内的鸭为育雏期;该阶段的鸭于温度为38℃的恒温室内培养,从第二天起恒温室的温度每天降低0.5℃;该时期每日用饲料A进行投喂,每天至少喂食4次,饮用水采用香蕉皮煎煮水,水温控制在23℃;饲料A是通过以下方法得到的:将80重量份的玉米粉、38重量份的淮山粉以及10重量份的鱼骨粉混合放入炒锅中温火炒制12分钟,然后加入适量盐,取出摊凉后加入18重量份的红糖水,拌匀即可;16-60日龄内的鸭为育成期;该阶段每日喂食4次饲料B,并采用荞麦煎煮得到的茶水为饮用水,水温控制在23℃;饲料B是通过以下方法得到的:将45重量份的菊苣和15重量份的甘薯秧放入青饲料打浆机中粉碎,然后加入15重量份豆饼、35重量份麦麸、18重量份的贝壳粉以及6重量份EM菌液拌匀,然后密封发酵30天,即可;放养期为61日龄-出栏的鸭;该时期的鸭于果园中放养,放养期间每天于下午20时喂食饲料C 1次,饲料C是由以下重量份的原料组成:碎米20份、贝壳粉18份、豆渣16份、茄子根16份、茅草根16份、富硒酵母8份、食盐2份、醋槽3份、糖浆3份和硝化细菌0.8份;并于每天中午12时用韭菜、鱼骨粉、豆粕、蔗糖、食盐按照质量比为3:4:4:2:0.4的比例混合得到的饲料D饲喂一次;其中,在放养前先对果园地进行追肥及消毒处理,具体如下:在放养鸭群前15日在菜园地面施加未腐熟的农家肥70千克/亩、施加沼液250千克/亩、施加熟石灰15千克/亩,然后将甘蔗秸秆平铺在田面上点燃,再施加灌溉水250千克/亩;
三、疾病防治
20日龄后,每隔5天用中草药组合物喂鸭一次,中草药组合物是通过拌入饲料内进行喂食的,其中,中草药组合物占喂食饲料总重量的20%;所述中草药组合物由以下重量份的原料组成:艾叶16份、葵花籽10份、虎杖8份、石苇8份、瞿麦10份、知母12份、连翘12份、蛇床子8份、麻黄6份和水适量;中草药组合物是通过以下方法得到的:(1)制备知母提取液:将知母加入提取容器中,再按照提取剂与知母的重量比为16:1的比例将提取剂加入到提取容器中,在40℃的条件下,浸泡2h得粗提物;将粗提物放入超声波仪中,在65℃恒温水浴温度下萃取2h,得到萃取物,将所得萃取物通过大孔树脂进行吸附;吸附完后用乙醇洗脱,收集洗脱液,得知母提取液;所述提取剂为乙醇、水和乙酸按照重量比为45:50:0.18的比例混合得到的混合溶液;(2)制备中草药粉:将艾叶、葵花籽、虎杖、石苇、瞿麦、连翘、蛇床子和麻黄混合,加入纤维素酶水溶液至浸过药材表面2厘米,浸泡4小时,过滤后将滤渣控干水,然后放到烘干箱中干燥,取出自然冷却至室温,再倒入打粉机中粉碎为过30目标准筛的混合粉末得到中草药粉备用;(3)制备中草药液:将中草药粉放入砂锅中,加入中草药粉总重量6倍的水,温火煎制40分钟,去渣留药液,并将药液浓缩至室温测定相对密度为1.15的溶液,即可得到中草药液;(4)制备中草药组合物:将上述步骤制备得到的知母提取液以及中草药液一起混合搅拌均匀,经过喷雾干燥处理得到混合药物粉末,即为所述中草药组合物。
四、卫生消毒
每2周消毒鸭舍一次,采用消毒液A与消毒液B进行交替消毒,消毒方法为:将鸭舍内的鸭粪清理干净,然后用消毒液对鸭舍进行全面喷洒,熏蒸2小时后,再用水冲洗干净,然后使阳光照射至干燥即可;所述消毒液A由0.2%的氢氧化钠和0.2%的百毒杀混合得到;所述消毒液B由以下重量份的原料组成:大戟6份、芫花8份、黄连10份、黄柏8份、厚朴6份、白芍9份、没药8份和薄荷12份。
效果验证
为了进一步说明本发明饲养方法的应用价值,将以下几组的养殖方式进行鸭的养殖,每一组各养殖大小健康的50只鸭,等到第14个周龄出栏,记录生产性能,各个指标见表1:
第一组:将鸭饲料全部改为市面上的人工饲料,其他方式严格按照实施例2进行;
第二组:去掉疾病防治步骤,其他方式严格按照实施例2进行;
第三组:去掉开食管理和开饮管理的步骤,其他方式严格按照实施例2进行;
第四组:实施例2所述养殖方法。
表1鸭的养殖结果
从表1的结果可以看出,按照本发明的养殖方式进行饲养,可以提高鸭的成活率,提高鸭养殖的产率,减少因禽流感等病造成的损失,同时,还能提高粗蛋白质含量,且脂肪含量适中,灰分低,能够较好地满足消费者对肉质的需求,且各项营养成分指标均较其他组优良,能够满足人们的营养需求。
虽然,上文中已经用一般性说明及具体实施方案对本发明作了详尽的描述,但在本发明基础上,可以对之作一些修改或改进,这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。因此,在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所做的这些修改或改进,均属于本发明要求保护的范围。
Claims (7)
1.一种文桥鸭的抗病养殖法,其特征在于,按照如下步骤进行养殖:
一、鸭舍的选择与建设
选择通风、干燥、水源充足、排水良好的平地建造鸭舍,建造鸭舍采用耐酸、碱消毒药的材料,鸭舍上层设有通风口,底部设有排粪槽,鸭舍内设置一个面积3-7平方米的恒温室,舍外设有水槽,水槽设有温度计;
二、饲养管理
a.开饮管理:孵化2-3小时后的鸭苗在采食前用浓度为0.01-0.03wt.%高锰酸钾水混合浓度为3-6wt.%的红糖水喂养,喂养方式为:将雏鸭置于竹篓内,慢慢浸入水温在16-18℃的水盆中,让水淹没脚趾,让雏鸭喝上水并尽可能不打湿鸭毛,若鸭毛被打湿则需要尽快吹干;
b.开食管理:出壳18小时后,用菠菜汁泡软碎米饭饲喂雏鸭,饲料槽旁放置饮水器,以便随时饮水,方便吞咽;
c.饲料控制:1-15日龄内的鸭为育雏期;该阶段的鸭于温度为35-38℃的恒温室内培养,从第二天起恒温室的温度每天降低0.5℃;该时期每日用饲料A进行投喂,每天至少喂食4次,饮用水采用香蕉皮煎煮水,水温控制在19-23℃;16-60日龄内的鸭为育成期;该阶段每日喂食3-4次饲料B,并采用荞麦煎煮得到的茶水为饮用水,水温控制在19-23℃;放养期为61日龄-出栏的鸭;该时期的鸭于果园中放养,放养期间每天于下午18-20时喂食饲料C 1次,于每天中午11-12时用韭菜、鱼骨粉、豆粕、蔗糖、食盐按照质量比为2-3:3-4:2-4:1-2:0.2-0.4的比例混合得到的饲料D饲喂一次;
三、疾病防治
20日龄后,每隔3-5天用中草药组合物喂鸭一次,中草药组合物是通过拌入饲料内进行喂食的,其中,中草药组合物占喂食饲料总重量的15-20%;
所述中草药组合物由以下重量份的原料组成:艾叶8-16份、葵花籽5-10份、虎杖3-8份、石苇3-8份、瞿麦5-10份、知母6-12份、连翘6-12份、蛇床子3-8份、麻黄2-6份和水适量。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种文桥鸭的抗病养殖法,其特征在于,还包括卫生消毒的步骤,具体为:每1-2周消毒鸭舍一次,采用消毒液A与消毒液B进行交替消毒,消毒方法为:将鸭舍内的鸭粪清理干净,然后用消毒液对鸭舍进行全面喷洒,熏蒸1-2小时后,再用水冲洗干净,然后使阳光照射至干燥即可;所述消毒液A由0.2%的氢氧化钠和0.1-0.2%的百毒杀混合得到;所述消毒液B由以下重量份的原料组成:大戟2-6份、芫花3-8份、黄连5-10份、黄柏3-8份、厚朴2-6份、白芍4-9份、没药3-8份和薄荷6-12份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种文桥鸭的抗病养殖法,其特征在于,所述步骤二中,在放养前先对果园地进行追肥及消毒处理,具体如下:在放养鸭群前12-15日在菜园地面施加未腐熟的农家肥50-70千克/亩、施加沼液150-250千克/亩、施加熟石灰10-15千克/亩,然后将甘蔗秸秆平铺在田面上点燃,再施加灌溉水200-250千克/亩。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种文桥鸭的抗病养殖法,其特征在于,所述步骤二中的饲料A是通过以下方法得到的:将60-80重量份的玉米粉、22-38重量份的淮山粉以及5-10重量份的鱼骨粉混合放入炒锅中温火炒制5-12分钟,然后加入适量盐,取出摊凉后加入10-18重量份的红糖水,拌匀即可。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种文桥鸭的抗病养殖法,其特征在于,所述步骤二中的饲料B是通过以下方法得到的:将25-45重量份的菊苣和10-15重量份的甘薯秧放入青饲料打浆机中粉碎,然后加入10-15重量份豆饼、20-35重量份麦麸、10-18重量份的贝壳粉以及2-6重量份EM菌液拌匀,然后密封发酵20-30天,即可。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种文桥鸭的抗病养殖法,其特征在于,所述步骤二中的饲料C是由以下重量份的原料组成:碎米15-20份、贝壳粉10-18份、豆渣8-16份、茄子根8-16份、茅草根8-16份、富硒酵母3-8份、食盐1-2份、醋槽1-3份、糖浆2-3份和硝化细菌0.6-0.8份。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种文桥鸭的抗病养殖法,其特征在于,所述中草药组合物是通过以下方法得到的:
(1)制备知母提取液:将知母加入提取容器中,再按照提取剂与知母的重量比为12-16:1的比例将提取剂加入到提取容器中,在32-40℃的条件下,浸泡1-2h得粗提物;将粗提物放入超声波仪中,在60-65℃恒温水浴温度下萃取1-2h,得到萃取物,将所得萃取物通过大孔树脂进行吸附;吸附完后用乙醇洗脱,收集洗脱液,得知母提取液;
所述提取剂为乙醇、水和乙酸按照重量比为30-45:40-50:0.15-0.18的比例混合得到的混合溶液;
(2)制备中草药粉:将艾叶、葵花籽、虎杖、石苇、瞿麦、连翘、蛇床子和麻黄混合,加入纤维素酶水溶液至浸过药材表面1-2厘米,浸泡3-4小时,过滤后将滤渣控干水,然后放到烘干箱中干燥,取出自然冷却至室温,再倒入打粉机中粉碎为过30目标准筛的混合粉末得到中草药粉备用;
(3)制备中草药液:将中草药粉放入砂锅中,加入中草药粉总重量4-6倍的水,温火煎制20-40分钟,去渣留药液,并将药液浓缩至室温测定相对密度为1.10-1.15的溶液,即可得到中草药液;
(4)制备中草药组合物:将上述步骤制备得到的知母提取液以及中草药液一起混合搅拌均匀,经过喷雾干燥处理得到混合药物粉末,即为所述中草药组合物。
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