CN107517921A - 一种野猪的抗病饲养方法 - Google Patents
一种野猪的抗病饲养方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种野猪的抗病饲养方法，包括如下步骤：(1)养殖场地的选择与改建：选择山脚下有水的山林并将山林四周围起来作为养殖场地，并在山林里搭建养殖棚，并在山林里种植山豆根；(2)饲料喂养：每天早上和晚上各在养殖棚投喂饲料一次；野猪的饮用水为山林脚下的水；(3)疾病防控：观察野猪的生长的状况，发现病猪及时隔离治疗，且定期向饲料中添加中草药粉剂饲喂野猪。本发明将野猪和山豆根进行配合种养殖，山豆根可提高野猪的机体抵抗力，野猪的粪便为山豆根提供丰富的有机肥，且野猪的拱土习性可对山豆根松土，野猪的养殖可促进山豆根的增产，野猪和山豆根互惠互利，具有极高的种养殖经济效益。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及畜牧业技术领域，具体涉及一种野猪的抗病饲养方法。
背景技术
随着人民生活水平不断提高，家猪肉已不能完全满足人们的需求，野猪肉作为一种绿色保健食品，味道鲜美，肉质好，越来越受到人们的喜欢，正在成为消费者最青睐的绿色肉类产品，因此野猪肉具有很大的市场，野猪养殖具有很高的经济效益。但是，目前野猪养殖场较少，有关野猪养殖的研究也较少，野猪养殖技术还不够成熟；因此，许多养殖场担心风险，不愿意投资野猪养殖业，这严重阻碍了野猪养殖的发展。
野猪耐热性、较耐寒性好，对环境潮湿的地区适应性、耐受力较差，能适应大部分地区的气候环境。但野猪在外放养时受恶劣环境的影响，野猪抵抗力差，且现阶段野猪的养殖一般采用人工辅助养殖，或半放养半圈养的方式养殖以节省成本和提高资源利用率。圈养时，应建运动场供其活动，圈养后的野猪群免疫力下降，易患病。因此，在养殖过程中应时刻注意防病，以免带来损失。
发明内容
本发明克服了现有的野猪养殖技术中野猪抵抗力低，易患病的技术问题，提供可一种野猪的抗病饲养方法。
为解决上述问题，本发明采取如下技术方案：
一种野猪的抗病饲养方法包括如下步骤：
(1)养殖场地的选择与改建：选择山脚下有水的山林并将山林四周围起来作为养殖场地，并在山林里搭建养殖棚，并在山林里种植山豆根；
(2)饲料喂养：每天早上和晚上各在养殖棚投喂饲料一次，所述的饲料由质量份的如下原料组成：玉米55～57份、豆粕46～50份、麦麸20～23份、米糠3～6份、草粉1～3份、猪笼草12～14份、维生素A 0.1～0.5份、豆腐渣1～5份、艾叶膏2～4份、干芦荟14～16份、橄榄油1～4份、椰子油1～3份；野猪的饮用水为山林脚下的水；
(3)疾病防控：观察野猪的生长的状况，发现病猪及时隔离治疗，且定期向饲料中添加中草药粉剂，所述的中草药粉剂由黄连、柴胡、枳壳、神曲、连翘、射干、山楂、茯苓、杜仲组成，所述的中药粉剂的添加量为饲料质量的5～8％。
其中，所述的养殖棚底下还建有储粪池，所述的储粪池喷洒有EM菌菌剂，喷洒量为每平方米储粪池喷洒0.11～0.5gEM菌菌剂，每间隔5～7d喷洒一次EM菌菌剂。
其中，所述的EM菌菌剂的菌种还采用Co60-γ射线诱变，所述的诱变方法为：将EM菌菌剂制成菌株孢子悬液，采用2.2～3KGy的照射剂量对EM菌株孢子悬液进行Co60-γ射线辐照诱变，将诱变后的EM菌株孢子悬液置于培养基中于20～35℃下进行有氧培养1～2d后，从培养基中挑选出活菌株作为EM菌菌剂的菌种；所述的培养基的配方为：牛肉膏1g、酵母膏2g、蛋白胨5g、NaCL 5g、琼脂15g、灭菌后的猪粪2g。
其中，所述的中草药粉剂由质量份的黄连1～3份、柴胡8～10份、枳壳2～4份、神曲20～23份、连翘2～3份、射干3～4份、山楂15～17份、茯苓5～7份、杜仲5～7份组成。
优选的，所述的中草药粉剂由质量份的黄连2份、柴胡9份、枳壳3份、神曲22份、连翘2份、射干3份、山楂16份、茯苓6份、杜仲5份组成。
其中，山林中，所述的山豆根的高度不超过0.5m。
其中，所述的野猪的饮用水为山林脚下的水；所述的饮用水还采用Co60-γ射线辐照进行灭菌，所述的射线辐照剂量为10KGy。
其中，所述的储粪池喷洒有EM菌菌剂，每次喷洒EM菌菌剂前，需将猪粪清理后作为有机肥施洒于山林中，作为所述山豆根的肥料。
其中，所述的步骤(3)疾病防控中，每隔5～7d向饲料中添加所述中草药粉剂并采用含中药草粉剂的饲料连续饲喂野猪2d。
本发明中，中草药粉剂采用的中草药的药性如下：
黄连：苦，寒，无毒，归心、脾、胃、肝、胆、大肠经；功效：清热燥湿，泻火解毒。
柴胡：性微寒、味苦、辛、归肝经、胆经，具疏肝利胆、疏气解郁、散火之功效。
枳壳：性苦、辛、酸、温，具有理气宽中、行滞消胀的功效。
神曲：味苦，性温，具有健脾消食，理气化湿，解表。
连翘：味苦，性凉，清热，解毒，散结，消肿。
射干：苦，寒，有毒，入肺、肝经。为清热解毒中药，具有解毒利咽，清热化痰，散热消结的作用。
山楂：酸甘，微温，入脾、胃、肝经；具有消食积，散瘀血，驱绦虫之功效。
茯苓：味甘淡平，入心、肺、脾经；具有渗湿利水，健脾和胃，宁心安神的功效。
杜仲：味甘，性温。有补益肝肾、强筋壮骨、调理冲任、固经安胎的功效。
山豆根：味苦，性寒，具有清热解毒，消肿利咽之功效，主解诸药毒，止痛。
本发明与现有技术相比较具有以下有益效果：
(1)本发明将野猪和山豆根进行配合种养殖，山豆根可提高野猪的机体抵抗力，野猪的粪便为山豆根提供丰富的有机肥，且野猪的拱土习性可对山豆根松土，山豆根的价值在于其根部，野猪的拱土可促进山豆根根系生长，野猪的养殖可促进山豆根的增产，野猪和山豆根互惠互利，具有极高的种养殖经济效益。
(2)猪粪的发酵一般为厌氧发酵，猪粪采用厌氧发酵，猪粪可以发酵充分，但是需将猪粪收集后载发酵，操作麻烦，但厌氧发酵后的猪粪植物利用率高，而未发酵猪粪植物利用率低且还含有致病菌和寄生虫，未发酵直接利用会污染环境；本发明添加Co60-γ射线诱变后的EM菌菌剂，诱变后的EM菌菌剂在有氧的条件也可以以猪粪中的蛋白质，多糖等营养物质为底物进行繁殖，有效降解猪粪中的有机物；猪粪在有氧的条件下，不经收集即可完成发酵，提高猪粪的发酵速度，猪粪发酵操作简便，且猪粪中的大分子物质可有效的降解为小分子物质，提高猪粪作为有机肥时，植物对猪粪的吸收利用率。
(3)本发明中添加的中草药制剂中以神曲和山楂的消食功效，黄连和连翘的清热解毒为主，而杜仲、茯苓、射干、枳壳为辅药，柴胡具有调和诸药的作用，山豆根具有解药毒的做作用，黄连、柴胡、枳壳、神曲、连翘、射干、山楂、茯苓、杜仲、山豆根合理的配伍具有消食、清热解毒的作用，并具有补肾、肝、健脾的作用，强筋壮骨，提高野猪的食欲和机体免疫力和抗病力，野猪患病率低。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例和试验对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1
一种野猪的抗病饲养方法包括如下步骤：
(1)养殖场地的选择与改建：选择山脚下有水的山林并将山林四周围起来作为养殖场地，并在山林里搭建养殖棚，并在山林里种植山豆根；所述的养殖棚底下还建有储粪池，所述的储粪池喷洒有EM菌菌剂，喷洒量为每平方米储粪池喷洒0.5gEM菌菌剂，每间隔5d喷洒一次EM菌菌剂；每次喷洒EM菌菌剂前，需将猪粪清理后作为有机肥施洒于山林中，作为所述山豆根的肥料；所述的山豆根的高度不超过0.5m；
(2)饲料喂养：每天早上和晚上各在养殖棚投喂饲料一次，所述的饲料由质量份的如下原料组成：玉米57份、豆粕46份、麦麸23份、米糠3份、草粉3份、猪笼草12份、维生素A0.5份、豆腐渣1份、艾叶膏4份、干芦荟14份、橄榄油4份、椰子油1份；野猪的饮用水为山林脚下的水；所述的饮用水还采用Co60-γ射线辐照进行灭菌，所述的射线辐照剂量为10KGy；
(3)疾病防控：观察野猪的生长的状况，发现病猪及时隔离治疗；每隔7d向饲料中添加中草药粉剂并采用含中药草粉剂的饲料连续饲喂野猪2d；所述的中草药粉剂由质量份的黄连3份、柴胡8份、枳壳4份、神曲20份、连翘3份、射干3份、山楂17份、茯苓5份、杜仲7份组成；所述的中药粉剂的添加量为饲料质量的5％；
其中，所述的EM菌菌剂的菌种还采用Co60-γ射线诱变，所述的诱变方法为：将EM菌菌剂制成菌株孢子悬液，采用3KGy的照射剂量对EM菌株孢子悬液进行Co60-γ射线辐照诱变，将诱变后的EM菌株孢子悬液置于培养基中于20℃下进行有氧培养2d后，从培养基中挑选出活菌株作为EM菌菌剂的菌种；所述的培养基的配方为：牛肉膏1g、酵母膏2g、蛋白胨5g、NaCL 5g、琼脂15g、灭菌后的猪粪2g。
实施例2
一种野猪的抗病饲养方法包括如下步骤：
(1)养殖场地的选择与改建：选择山脚下有水的山林并将山林四周围起来作为养殖场地，并在山林里搭建养殖棚，并在山林里种植山豆根；所述的养殖棚底下还建有储粪池，所述的储粪池喷洒有EM菌菌剂，喷洒量为每平方米储粪池喷洒0.11gEM菌菌剂，每间隔7d喷洒一次EM菌菌剂；每次喷洒EM菌菌剂前，需将猪粪清理后作为有机肥施洒于山林中，作为所述山豆根的肥料；所述的山豆根的高度不超过0.5m；
(2)饲料喂养：每天早上和晚上各在养殖棚投喂饲料一次，所述的饲料由质量份的如下原料组成：玉米55份、豆粕50份、麦麸20份、米糠6份、草粉1份、猪笼草14份、维生素A0.1份、豆腐渣5份、艾叶膏2份、干芦荟16份、橄榄油1份、椰子油3份；野猪的饮用水为山林脚下的水；所述的饮用水还采用Co60-γ射线辐照进行灭菌，所述的射线辐照剂量为10KGy；
(3)疾病防控：观察野猪的生长的状况，发现病猪及时隔离治疗；每隔5d向饲料中添加中草药粉剂并采用含中药草粉剂的饲料连续饲喂野猪2d；所述的中草药粉剂由质量份的黄连3份、柴胡8份、枳壳4份、神曲20份、连翘3份、射干3份、山楂17份、茯苓5份、杜仲7份组成；所述的中药粉剂的添加量为饲料质量的5％；
其中，所述的EM菌菌剂的菌种还采用Co60-γ射线诱变，所述的诱变方法为：将EM菌菌剂制成菌株孢子悬液，采用2.8KGy的照射剂量对EM菌株孢子悬液进行Co60-γ射线辐照诱变，将诱变后的EM菌株孢子悬液置于培养基中于30℃下进行有氧培养2d后，从培养基中挑选出活菌株作为EM菌菌剂的菌种；所述的培养基的配方为：牛肉膏1g、酵母膏2g、蛋白胨5g、NaCL 5g、琼脂15g、灭菌后的猪粪2g。
实施例3
一种野猪的抗病饲养方法包括如下步骤：
(1)养殖场地的选择与改建：选择山脚下有水的山林并将山林四周围起来作为养殖场地，并在山林里搭建养殖棚，并在山林里种植山豆根；所述的养殖棚底下还建有储粪池，所述的储粪池喷洒有EM菌菌剂，喷洒量为每平方米储粪池喷洒0.3gEM菌菌剂，每间隔6d喷洒一次EM菌菌剂；每次喷洒EM菌菌剂前，需将猪粪清理后作为有机肥施洒于山林中，作为所述山豆根的肥料；所述的山豆根的高度不超过0.5m；
(2)饲料喂养：每天早上和晚上各在养殖棚投喂饲料一次，所述的饲料由质量份的如下原料组成：玉米56份、豆粕49份、麦麸22份、米糠5份、草粉2份、猪笼草13份、维生素A0.3份、豆腐渣3份、艾叶膏3份、干芦荟15份、橄榄油3份、椰子油2份；野猪的饮用水为山林脚下的水；所述的饮用水还采用Co60-γ射线辐照进行灭菌，所述的射线辐照剂量为10KGy；
(3)疾病防控：观察野猪的生长的状况，发现病猪及时隔离治疗；每隔6d向饲料中添加中草药粉剂并采用含中药草粉剂的饲料连续饲喂野猪2d；所述的中草药粉剂由质量份的黄连2份、柴胡9份、枳壳3份、神曲22份、连翘2份、射干3份、山楂16份、茯苓6份、杜仲5份组成；所述的中药粉剂的添加量为饲料质量的7％；
其中，所述的EM菌菌剂的菌种还采用Co60-γ射线诱变，所述的诱变方法为：将EM菌菌剂制成菌株孢子悬液，采用2.2KGy的照射剂量对EM菌株孢子悬液进行Co60-γ射线辐照诱变，将诱变后的EM菌株孢子悬液置于培养基中于35℃下进行有氧培养1d后，从培养基中挑选出活菌株作为EM菌菌剂的菌种；所述的培养基的配方为：牛肉膏1g、酵母膏2g、蛋白胨5g、NaCL 5g、琼脂15g、灭菌后的猪粪2g。
对比例1
对比例1的野猪饲养方法与实施例1基本相同，区别在于，对比例1的山林不种植山豆根。
对比例2
对比例2的野猪饲养方法与实施例1基本相同，区别在于，对比例2的EM菌菌剂的菌种不采用Co60-γ射线诱变。
对比例3
对比例3的野猪饲养方法与实施例1基本相同，区别在于，对比例3的饲料中不添加中草药粉剂。
对比例4
对比例4的野猪饲养方法与实施例1基本相同，区别在于，对比例4的饲料中添加的中草药粉剂由等质量比的黄连、柴胡、枳壳、神曲、连翘、射干、山楂、茯苓、杜仲组成。
对比例5
对比例5的野猪饲养方法与实施例1基本相同，区别在于，对比例5的饲料中添加的中草药粉剂由质量份的黄连3份、柴胡8份、神曲20份组成。
对比例6
对比例6的野猪饲养方法与实施例1基本相同，区别在于，对比例6的山林中不种植山豆根，饲料中不添加中草药粉剂，猪粪池中不喷洒EM菌菌剂。
为了说明的技术效果，依照实施1～实施例3，对比例1～对比例6提供的野猪饲养方法饲养20头野猪。养殖6个月后，统计野猪的患病率以及观察野猪的生长状况，对野猪进行称重，将结果记录在表1中，并将实施例1～实施例3，对比例2～对比例5中山林中，山豆根的亩产记录在表2中：
表1
表2
由表1可知，野猪患病率：对比例3＞对比例4＞对比例6＞对比例5＞对比例1＞对比例2＞实施例1～实施例3，说明本发明的山林种植山豆根后，野猪具有拱土的习性，其放养时食用山豆根，可提高野猪的抵抗力，降低野猪患病率，同时本发明添加中草药粉剂，中草药粉剂以消食、清热解毒为主，可提高野猪的机体免疫力，降低患病率；且本发明饲养的野猪的平均体重相比于对比例1～对比例6都高，说明黄连、柴胡、枳壳、神曲、连翘、射干、山楂、茯苓、杜仲的合理配伍可改善野猪的食欲，野猪机体免疫力强，野猪进食多，野猪长势好。
由表2可知，山豆根亩产：实施例1～实施例3大于对比例3～对比例5远大于对比例2，说明本发明采用诱变后的EM菌菌剂发酵猪粪，猪粪发酵后喷洒于山林，为山豆根提供丰富的营养物质，促进山豆根的生长。
上述说明是针对本发明较佳可行实施例的详细说明，但实施例并非用以限定本发明的专利申请范围，凡本发明所提示的技术精神下所完成的同等变化或修饰变更，均应属于本发明所涵盖专利范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种野猪的抗病饲养方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
(1)养殖场地的选择与改建：选择山脚下有水的山林并将山林四周围起来作为养殖场地，并在山林里搭建养殖棚，并在山林里种植山豆根；
(2)饲料喂养：每天早上和晚上各在养殖棚投喂饲料一次，所述的饲料由质量份的如下原料组成：玉米55～57份、豆粕46～50份、麦麸20～23份、米糠3～6份、草粉1～3份、猪笼草12～14份、维生素A 0.1～0.5份、豆腐渣1～5份、艾叶膏2～4份、干芦荟14～16份、橄榄油1～4份、椰子油1～3份；野猪的饮用水为山林脚下的水；
(3)疾病防控：观察野猪的生长的状况，发现病猪及时隔离治疗，且定期向饲料中添加中草药粉剂，所述的中草药粉剂由黄连、柴胡、枳壳、神曲、连翘、射干、山楂、茯苓、杜仲组成；所述的中药粉剂的添加量为饲料质量的5～8％。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种野猪的抗病饲养方法，其特征在于，所述的养殖棚底下还建有储粪池，所述的储粪池喷洒有EM菌菌剂，喷洒量为每平方米储粪池喷洒0.11～0.5gEM菌菌剂，每间隔5～7d喷洒一次EM菌菌剂。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种野猪的抗病饲养方法，其特征在于，所述的EM菌菌剂的菌种还采用Co60-γ射线诱变，所述的诱变方法为：将EM菌菌剂制成菌株孢子悬液，采用2.2～3KGy的照射剂量对EM菌株孢子悬液进行Co60-γ射线辐照诱变，将诱变后的EM菌株孢子悬液置于培养基中于20～35℃下进行有氧培养1～2d后，从培养基中挑选出活菌株作为EM菌菌剂的菌种；所述的培养基的配方为：牛肉膏1g、酵母膏2g、蛋白胨5g、NaCL 5g、琼脂15g、灭菌后的猪粪2g。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种野猪的抗病饲养方法，其特征在于，所述的中草药粉剂由质量份的黄连1～3份、柴胡8～10份、枳壳2～4份、神曲20～23份、连翘2～3份、射干3～4份、山楂15～17份、茯苓5～7份、杜仲5～7份组成。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种野猪的抗病饲养方法，其特征在于，所述的中草药粉剂由质量份的黄连2份、柴胡9份、枳壳3份、神曲22份、连翘2份、射干3份、山楂16份、茯苓6份、杜仲5份组成。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种野猪的抗病饲养方法，其特征在于，山林中，所述的山豆根的高度不超过0.5m。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种野猪的抗病饲养方法，其特征在于，所述的野猪的饮用水为山林脚下的水；所述的饮用水还采用Co60-γ射线辐照进行灭菌，所述的射线辐照剂量为10KGy。
8.根据权利要求2所述的一种野猪的抗病饲养方法，其特征在于，所述的储粪池喷洒有EM菌菌剂，每次喷洒EM菌菌剂前，需将猪粪清理后作为有机肥施洒于山林中，作为所述山豆根的肥料。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种野猪的抗病饲养方法，其特征在于，所述的步骤(3)疾病防控中，每隔5～7d向饲料中添加所述中草药粉剂并采用含中药草粉剂的饲料连续饲喂野猪2d。
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