CN108320261A - A kind of city river section dynamic water quality objective determines method - Google Patents

A kind of city river section dynamic water quality objective determines method Download PDF

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CN108320261A
CN108320261A CN201810050503.8A CN201810050503A CN108320261A CN 108320261 A CN108320261 A CN 108320261A CN 201810050503 A CN201810050503 A CN 201810050503A CN 108320261 A CN108320261 A CN 108320261A
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孟莹莹
李力
白瑶
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Beijing Enterprises Water China Investment Co Ltd
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Abstract

A kind of city river section dynamic water quality objective determines that method determination belongs to water environment treatment field.The present invention includes the following steps：A. the index system system that city river section water quality objective determines that influences is established；B. index importance is judged by analytic hierarchy process (AHP), analysis calculates index weights；C. scalar quantization evaluation is carried out to single item evaluation index；D. calculated with weighted average method index set comprehensive score is used, determines high, medium and low water quality objective grade.The present invention optimizes the conventional method for determining city river water quality target based on functional requirement, for watershed management person, according to hydraulic condition of river hydraulics, condition of water quality, functional requirement etc., itself different characteristics formulates river water quality target, so that target is determined and has more reasonability and feasibility, simultaneously this method also be available for city river health assessment, ecological evaluation, water environmental carrying capacity assessment etc. other assessment use for reference, have preferable versatility.

Description

A kind of city river section dynamic water quality objective determines method
Technical field
The present invention proposes that a kind of city river dynamic water quality objective determines method, can be determined based on river self-condition science Section water quality objective, optimization make valley harnessing engineering more pass through according to the water quality evaluation method of Water Functional Zone standard clean cut Ji is efficient.The determination of river water quality target is the important topic in water environment treatment field.
Background technology
City river generally uses fixed section water quality assessment Assessment, section water quality to consider water body water mostly at present Matter functional requirement executes water environment function area water standard, and annual standard immobilizes so that section is not up to standard to be common in flood The case where phase rainfall, winter low temperature.For rain fall, at the end of the seventies in last century, developed country just notices at those Point-source pollution control is relatively good, and even up to the city and area of zero source disposal of pollutants, pollution of area source are only quality in watershed Deteriorate, the urban rainfall runoff face source dirt that pollution is controlled invalid root, and wherein occurred with the fast development of urbanization long The shared ratio of dye increasingly improves.Since domestic sponge the idea of the city rise time is not grown, urban rainfall runoff face source is dirty Dye control is universal insufficient, and the conscious development pattern in city, therefore city surface source could really be become by needing to undergo long-term process Pollution, especially initial rainwater pollution problem will long-term existence.Therefore, after rainfall in flood period, especially pressed in a short time after heavy rain According to water environment function area standard check water quality, there is certain irrationality.For winter, northern river winter river temperature Down to 12 DEG C hereinafter, pollutant natural degradation rate declines rapidly, the hydrophilic demand of the public is substantially also minimum in whole year, this In the case of still made strict assessment with water environment function area standard, in order to reach higher Effluent criteria, it has to build scale Valley harnessing engineering, reasonability and economy are also worth discussion.
According to American Experience, federal government's level only formulates water quality benchmark, the federal water for being known as " golden skin book " from 1986 Since matter benchmark is issued, reference index system is divided into 2 sets of " aquatile benchmark " and " health benchmark ", and each place government is then It needs to formulate local water standard according to actual conditions or corrects water quality benchmark, to ensure the harmony of various regions water standard, ground Square water standard is finally implemented by national environmental protection administration after the approval.The research of China's water quality benchmark is then extremely weak, has general Water standard all over directive significance only has《Water environment quality standard》(GB 3838-2002), the Primary Reference U.S.《State Water quality benchmark is recommended by family》(National RecommendedWater Quality Criteria) and formulate, and do not have substantially Have and considers that Aquatic Ecotoxicology factor, to bio-diversity conservation the considerations of are also insufficient.The formulation of United States water quality standard is various Change, is to be intimately associated that various regions are actual, and the influence factor considered is more, index classification is very careful, with Pennsylvania For the water standard in state, for the water body ammonia nitrogen that cold water fish, warm water fish, straddling fish stocks, trout cultivation are lived, formulate Control method based on pH and temperature, wherein maximum ammonia nitrogen concentration is calculate by the following formula：
Ammonia nitrogen (mg/L)=NH3-N×(log-1(pKT-pH)+1) (1)
NH3- N=0.12 × f (T)/f (pH) (2)
F (pH)=1+101.03(7.32-pH) (4)
30 days average ammonia nitrogen concentrations of arbitrary continuation are calculated also by formula (1), wherein NH3- N concentration, f (pH) then lead to respectively It crosses formula (6) and formula (7) calculates：
NH3- N=0.025 × f (T)/f (pH) (6)
Mark is only considered by the water quality function demand in river, is not had as it can be seen that domestic fixed water standard is relatively easy with the U.S. There is system to consider to influence various other factors of river water quality, such as itself hydrodynamic condition, basin charge for remittance situation, can not also have Effect excitation basin upstream and downstream and interregional shareholder make full use of the enthusiasm of environmental carrying capacity, in addition China's water standard with Section examination is closely connected together, and " crossing and protect for certain areas water environment is be easy to cause using constant section water standard Shield ", and other areas then can " under proteciton ", it is therefore necessary to establish dynamic water standard.It is controlled from current domestic water environment From the point of view of the performance appraisal for managing PPP projects, establishing dynamic section water quality appraisal standards also has a larger demand, but water standard Quantization lacks research at present.Therefore, the determination of city river water quality standard should also consider various factors as far as possible, and to the greatest extent may be used It can be actually combined with locality.
Invention content
The present invention provides a kind of city river dynamic water quality objective based on step analysis and determines method, can according to river from Figure part science determines section water quality objective, optimizes the water quality evaluation method according to Water Functional Zone standard clean cut.Using such as Lower technical solution and realization step, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
1. a kind of city river section dynamic water quality objective determines method, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
1.1 establish the index system system that city river section water quality objective determines that influences
Index system is divided into three destination layer (O), rule layer (C), indicator layer (P) levels, and destination layer is indicated with O, accurate Then layer is indicated with C, corresponding index CiIt indicates, indicator layer is indicated with P, corresponding index PiIt indicates.Destination layer index (O) is true Determine city river section water pollutant concentration；Rule layer (C) is hydrology hydraulic factors (C1), water quality factors (C2), demand factor (C3) 3 indexs, i.e. C={ C1, C2, C3}；Hydrology hydraulic factors (C1) include water body volume (P1), flow velocity (P2), flow (P3)、 The quantity that drops (P4), river bend coefficient (P5), fracture morphology (P6), ecological revetment ratio (P7), riverbed matrix (P8), riverbank it is wide Spend (P9), riverbank vegetation coverage (P10) 10 indexs, i.e. C1={ P1, P2..., P10}；Water quality factors (C2) include upland water Water quality (P11), section background water quality (P12), basin charge for remittance water quality (P13), bed mud index (P14), contaminant degradation (P15), water Plant diversity (P16), Phytoplankton Species Diversity (P17), diversity index of zooplankton (P18), Diversity of Fish (P19), bottom dwells Object diversity (P20) 10 indexs, i.e. C2={ P11, P12..., P20}；Demand factor (C3) include the per capita face of access and open riverfront Product (P21) 1 index, i.e. C3={ P21}；Being formed is influenced by the city river section water quality objective that 3 factors, 21 indexs form Factor frame system, as shown in Figure 1.
1.2 judge index importance by analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and analysis calculates index weights
1) judgment matrix B=(b are enabledij)n×n, bijFor matrix element, i, j are respectively the line number and row where matrix element Number, n is matrix exponent number, and numerically equal with the index number of this level under same upper layer Index Influence, the row and column of matrix is equal For n index of same level, bijRow factor is indicated compared with row factor, to the important degree of last layer time index, can be used 1 ~9 scaling laws are quantified, and scale value meaning is shown in Table 1.The C such as under general objective1~C3The judgment matrix of construction is D= (dij)3×3, the form of formula (8) can be expressed as according to the result that table 2 is evaluated.
1 scale value meaning of table
2 judgment matrix of table constructs example
2) judgment matrix judges consistency by consistency ratio CR, if CR ＜ 0.1, judgment matrix has the consistent of satisfaction Property.CR=CI/RI, wherein CI are to deviate coincident indicator, CI=(λmax- n)/(n -1), λ in formulamaxFor matrix maximum feature Root；RI is random index, and meaning is as shown in table 3.
3 random index RI value tables of table
n 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
RI 0 0 0.52 0.89 1.12 1.26 1.36 1.41 1.46 1.49 1.52 1.54 1.56 1.58 1.59
3) after judgment matrix is by consistency check, each numerical value obtains this level index after normalization in feature vector Initial weight in this level, each index (Pm) weight and the affiliated factor (C of each indexk) multiplied by weight obtain each index (Pm) to the comprehensive weight of general objective (O), then the comprehensive weight of 21 indexs is ωm, i.e. ω1、ω2、…、ω21。
4) index weights are modified using entropy technique, by judgment matrix B=(bij)n×nObtain canonical matrix R=(rij)n×n, Wherein rijFor bijIt is normalized as a result, i.e.I-th index output entropy be 2 ..., n), the degree of deviation of i-th index is dj=1-Ej, the information weight of i-th index isThen i-th refers to Target corrects weight
5) it is corrected rear each index (Pm) weight and the affiliated factor (C of each indexk) multiplied by weight obtain each index (Pm) right The comprehensive weight of general objective (O) ultimately forms the comprehensive weight a of 21 indexsm, i.e. a1、a2、…、a21。
1.3 pairs of single item evaluation indexs carry out quantitatively evaluating
Each single index is subjected to scalar quantization to the adaptedness of high, medium and low three goal gradients, be divided into it is high, in, Low three adaptations grade, it is specific as shown in table 4.Wherein high adaptation grade indicates that the index is conducive to reach higher water quality objective Or since objective condition must select higher water quality objective, low adaptation grade to indicate that the index is unfavorable for reaching higher water quality Target or since objective condition can select lower water quality objective, middle adaptation grade then to fall between.
4 evaluation index adaptability of table is classified
1) water body volume (P1) using the 10m depth of waters as boundary determining adaptability grade respectively, in the case of different water depth, difference adapts to Property grade is related to water surface area, and water surface area is bigger, and water body volume is bigger, and water-based tourism resource is stronger, to high target water The adaptability of matter is higher, conversely, lower to the adaptability of high target water quality.
2) flow velocity (P2) to be in optimum within the scope of non-silting velocity is not rushed, river habitat situation is preferable, within this range Flow velocity is higher, and contaminant degradation effect is better, stronger to the adaptability of high target water quality, and flow velocity, which exceeds, does not rush non-silting velocity range Afterwards, it is deteriorated to the adaptability of high target water quality, Index grading meaning is as shown in Figure 2.vIt does not rushNot rush permissible velocity of flow, according to formula (9) It calculates, vIt does not become silted upFor the permissible velocity of flow that do not become silted up, calculated according to formula (10).
vIt does not rush=KQ0.1 (9)
In formula, K is coefficient related with river bed soil property, and value is shown in Table 5；Q is River Design flow, m3/s。
Table 5K value values
Non- cohesive soil K Cohesive soil K
Middle sand 0.45~0.50 Clay loam 0.53
Coarse sand soil 0.50~0.60 Light clay loam 0.57
Small gravel 0.60~0.75 Medium clay(ey) loam 0.62
Cobble-stone 0.75~0.90 Heavy clay loam 0.68
Big gravel 0.90~1.00 Clay 0.75
Gravel pebbles 1.00~1.30 Rich clay 0.85
Middle cobble 1.30~1.45
Cobble stone, boulder 1.45~1.60
vIt does not become silted up=β h0 0.64 (10)
In formula, h0For mean depth, m；β is coefficient related with channel deposits characteristic, and coarse sand takes 0.60~0.70, middle sand 0.54~0.57 is taken, fine sand takes 0.39~0.41.
3) flow is determined according to average annual flow or period when a river is at its normal level average flow rate, the bigger adaptation to high target water quality of flow Property it is stronger, conversely, then opposite.
4) drop is conducive to the degradation of the supplement and pollutant of Dissolved Oxygen in Water, a certain number of drops is arranged, especially Fairly large section drop is stronger to the adaptability of high target water quality, conversely, then opposite.
5) river bend coefficient is calculated by the ratio between section physical length and straight length, and bending coefficient is bigger, and river is got over It wriggles, habitat situation is better, is more conducive to the degradation of pollutant, stronger to the adaptability of high target water quality, conversely, bending coefficient Smaller, river is more straight, and souring has an adverse effect to habitat situation, is unfavorable for the degradation of pollutant, to high target water The adaptability of matter is poorer.
6) fracture morphology mainly considers the natural, ecological degree of section, adaptability of the natural river course section to high target water quality By force, and by the larger river of Human disturbance often ecological sexual deviation, to the bad adaptability of high target water quality.
7) ecological revetment refers to the ratio that river uses gabion, ecology bag or other ecology typed bank revetment materials, ecological revetment ratio Example is higher, and riverbank habitat conditions is better, stronger to the adaptability of high target water quality, conversely, then opposite.
8) riverbed matrix refers to the ecology degree in riverbed, and riverbed is that the ecology degree of natural substrates is higher, to high target Adaptable, the bad adaptability of artificial rigid substrate or the more serious matrix of siltation to high target water quality of water quality.
9) riverbank width and riverbank vegetation coverage reflect the growing environment of riverbank plant, animal, microorganism, and riverbank is got over Width, vegetation coverage is higher, and habitat conditions is better, stronger to the adaptability of high target water quality, conversely, then opposite.
10) the upland water water quality (P of different pollutants11), section background water quality (P12), basin charge for remittance water quality (P13) main Compare permanganate index, COD (COD), five-day BOD (BOD5), ammonia nitrogen (NH3- N), total phosphorus (TP), The good and bad degree of total nitrogen (TN) and Water Functional Zone water standard, water quality is better than Water Functional Zone water standard, to high target water quality Adaptability it is stronger, water quality is inferior to Water Functional Zone water standard, poorer to the adaptability of high target water quality.
11) for bed mud index by carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus pollution Content evaluation, pollutant load is lower, to the adaptability of high target water quality It is stronger, conversely, then opposite.The pollution situation that bed mud carbon, nitrogen are evaluated by organic index method is calculated by formula (11)~formula (13).
OI=OC × ON (11)
ON=TN × 0.95 (12)
OC=OM/1.724 (13)
In formula, OI is organic index；OC is organic carbon, %；ON is organic nitrogen, %；TN is total nitrogen, %；OM is organic Matter, %.
The pollution situation that sedimentary phosphate is evaluated by index of single factor, as shown in formula (14).
STP=Ci/Cs (14)
In formula, STPFor TP pollution indexs；CiFor measured value, mg/kg；CsFor evaluation criterion value, the domestic lacustrine deposit of reference Object evaluation criterion, takes 440mg/kg.
12) contaminant degradation is divided into degradable, degradable and type difficult to degrade, permanganate index, COD, BOD5、 NH3- N, SS belong to degradable, TP, TN, cyanide, petroleum-type, sulfide, excrement colibacillus group be it is degradable, heavy metal (copper, Zinc, selenium, arsenic, mercury, cadmium, Cr VI, lead), fluoride, volatile phenol, anion surfactant be Recalcitrant chemicals.Pollutant Degradability is better, stronger to the adaptability of high target water quality, conversely, then opposite.
13) Aquatic Plant Diversity, Phytoplankton Species Diversity, diversity index of zooplankton, diversity of benthic macro-invertebrates Shannon Diversity indices is evaluated, and as shown in formula (15), bio-diversity is abundanter, stronger to the adaptability of high target water quality, conversely, then On the contrary.
In formula, H indicates that Shannon diversity index, S indicate total species number, piIndicate the i-th kind of ratio for accounting for sum.
14) fish G-F index assessments are calculated by formula (16).
In formula, DGTo belong to diversity, calculated by formula (17)；DFFor section's diversity, calculated by formula (18).
In formula, qi=Sj/ S, S are the species number during j belongs to, and S is the species number of register Mesichthyes, and p is the category of register Mesichthyes Number.
In formula, pi=Ski/Sk, SkiSpecies number in belonging to for section in register, SkFor the species number in k sections in register, n k Category number in section, m are section's number of register Mesichthyes.
15) the per capita area of access and open riverfront evaluates the conditions of demand of water environment with the public, and occupied area is smaller, public Many hydrophilicrties are higher, stronger to the adaptability of high target water quality, conversely, then opposite.
1.4 parameter collection comprehensive scores, determine water quality objective grade
The score value for assigning 3,2,1 respectively to high, medium and low adaptation grade, calculates each index score；21 indexs of note obtain diversity For f=(f1, f2..., f21), then shown in index set comprehensive score such as formula (19).
In formula, S is index set comprehensive score, fmAnd amFor evaluation index PiScore and weight.
Comprehensive score is divided into high, medium and low three grades, establishes dynamic river water quality target, when 2.3≤C≤3 is high Grade, is middle grade when 1.6 ＜ C ＜ 2.3, and when 1≤C≤1.6 is inferior grade, it is specific divide it is as shown in table 6.
6 water quality objective grade classification of table
A kind of city river section dynamic water quality objective of present invention acquisition determines that method, creativeness are mainly reflected in：(1) It is to propose dynamic water quality target concept according to the thinking for determining water quality objective with function zoning to break through river cross-section only；(2) system The correlative factor of influence river water quality, such as itself hydrodynamic condition, basin charge for remittance situation are considered, according to river itself Hydrology Power situation, water quality situation, conditions of demand determine dynamic river water quality target；Above two parts content is the protection model of the present invention It encloses.
City river section dynamic water quality objective proposed by the present invention determines method, can fully consider river itself and periphery Every influence factor, be avoided to reach unreasonable performance assessment criteria and carry out uneconomic valley harnessing engineering construction, can be excellent Change the water quality evaluation method according to Water Functional Zone standard clean cut, keeps valley harnessing engineering more economically efficient.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 city river section water quality objective influence factor frame systems；
Fig. 2 velocity parameters are classified.
Specific implementation mode
A kind of city river section dynamic water quality objective of present invention acquisition determines method, passes through and optimizes river cross-section water quality mesh Target influence factor establishes index system system and scalar quantization appraisement system, realizes the determination of dynamic water quality objective, case base In the rivers Y, data provide；It is characterized by comprising the following steps：
1. establishing the index system system that city river section water quality objective determines that influences
Index system is divided into three destination layer (O), rule layer (C), indicator layer (P) levels, and destination layer is indicated with O, accurate Then layer is indicated with C, corresponding index CiIt indicates, indicator layer is indicated with P, corresponding index PiIt indicates.Destination layer index (O) is true Determine city river section water pollutant concentration；Rule layer (C) is hydrology hydraulic factors (C1), water quality factors (C2), demand factor (C3) 3 indexs, i.e. C={ C1, C2, C3}；Hydrology hydraulic factors (C1) include water body volume (P1), flow velocity (P2), flow (P3)、 The quantity that drops (P4), river bend coefficient (P5), fracture morphology (P6), ecological revetment ratio (P7), riverbed matrix (P8), riverbank it is wide Spend (P9), riverbank vegetation coverage (P10) 10 indexs, i.e. C1={ P1, P2..., P10}；Water quality factors (C2) include upland water Water quality (P11), section background water quality (P12), basin charge for remittance water quality (P13), bed mud index (P14), contaminant degradation (P15), water Plant diversity (P16), Phytoplankton Species Diversity (P17), diversity index of zooplankton (P18), Diversity of Fish (P19), bottom dwells Object diversity (P20) 10 indexs, i.e. C2={ P11, P12..., P20}；Demand factor (C3) include the per capita face of access and open riverfront Product (P21) 1 index, i.e. C3={ P21}.Being formed is influenced by the city river section water quality objective that 3 factors, 21 indexs form Factor level structural framing.
2. being judged index importance by analytic hierarchy process (AHP), parameter weight
First under the Index Influence of upper layer same level index carry out two-by-two important ratio compared with importance comparison result It is expressed using judgment matrix, to the n evaluation index of this level under same upper layer Index Influence, the row and column of matrix is n Index, construction n rank judgment matrix B=(bij)n×n, bijRow factor is indicated compared with row factor, it is important to last layer time index Degree can be quantized into numerical intervals [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,1/2,1/3,1/4,1/5,1/6,1/7,1/8,1/9] Concrete numerical value, numerical value 1~9 represent that row factor is more important than row factor, and the bigger numerical value the more important, and numerical value 1/2~1/9 represents row factor More important than row factor, numerical value is smaller more important.Secondly into row matrix Conformance Assessment, to taking spy by the matrix of consistency check Sign vector, to the initial weight of this level, after entropy technique is corrected, obtains evaluation index to this level most as evaluation index Whole weight.Finally, each index weights and the multiplied by weight of the affiliated factor of each index obtain comprehensive weight of each index to general objective.
3. pair single item evaluation index carries out quantitatively evaluating
Each single index is subjected to scalar quantization to the adaptedness of high, medium and low three goal gradients, be divided into it is high, in, Low three adaptations grade, wherein high adaptation grade indicates that the index is conducive to reach higher water quality objective or due to objective condition Higher water quality objective, low adaptation grade must be selected to indicate that the index is unfavorable for reaching higher water quality objective or due to objective Condition can select lower water quality objective, middle adaptation grade then to fall between.The adaptability ranking score of each evaluation index Grade quantitative criteria is as follows：
1) water body volume (P1) using the 10m depth of waters as boundary determining adaptability grade respectively, in the case of different water depth, difference adapts to Property grade is related to water surface area, and water surface area is bigger, and water body volume is bigger, and water-based tourism resource is stronger, to high target water The adaptability of matter is higher, conversely, lower to the adaptability of high target water quality.When the depth of water >=10m, water surface area is with >=25km2、 [2.5km2, 25km2), ＜ 2.5km2Corresponding high, medium and low adaptability grade；When depth of water ＜ 10m, water surface area is with >=50km2、 [5km2, 50km2), ＜ 5km2Corresponding high, medium and low adaptability grade.
2) flow velocity (P2) to be in optimum within the scope of non-silting velocity is not rushed, river habitat situation is preferable, within this range Flow velocity is higher, stronger to the adaptability of high target water quality, and flow velocity then fits high target water quality beyond non-silting velocity range is not rushed Ying Xingyue is poor.P2With [vIt does not rush- 0.5* (vIt does not rush- vIt does not become silted up), vIt does not rush)、(vIt does not become silted up,vIt does not become silted up+0.5*(vIt does not rush- vIt does not become silted up))、≤vIt does not become silted upOr >=vIt does not rush Corresponding high, medium and low adaptability grade, wherein vIt does not rushIt not rush permissible velocity of flow, is determined according to river river bed matrix, is counted according to formula (9) It calculates, vIt does not become silted upFor the permissible velocity of flow that do not become silted up, calculated according to formula (10).
3) flow (P3) determined according to average annual flow or period when a river is at its normal level average flow rate, flow is bigger to high target water quality Adaptability is stronger, conversely, then opposite.P3With >=150m3/s、[15m3/ s, 150m3/ s), ＜ 15m3/ s corresponds to high, medium and low adaptation Property grade.
4) drop is conducive to the degradation of the supplement and pollutant of Dissolved Oxygen in Water, drop quantity (P4) it is more, while have compared with It is stronger to the adaptability of high target water quality when large-scale section drop, conversely, then opposite.P4With drop at >=3, [1,3) at Drop corresponds to high, medium and low adaptability grade without drop.
5) river bend coefficient (P5) calculated by the ratio between section physical length and straight length, bending coefficient is bigger, river Road is more sinuous, and habitat situation is better, is more conducive to the degradation of pollutant, stronger to the adaptability of high target water quality, conversely, bending Coefficient is smaller, and river is more straight, and souring has an adverse effect to habitat situation, is unfavorable for the degradation of pollutant, to high mesh The adaptability for marking water quality is poorer.P5With >=1.5, [1,1.5), ＜ 1 correspond to high, medium and low adaptability grade.
6) fracture morphology (P6) the main natural, ecological degree for considering section, natural river course section fits high target water quality Ying Xingqiang, and by the larger river of Human disturbance often ecological sexual deviation, to the bad adaptability of high target water quality.P6With " natural Parabolic-shaped section ", " natural parabola shaped, artificial rectangle or trapezoidal cross-section exist ", " single artificial rectangle is trapezoidal disconnected The corresponding high, medium and low adaptability grade in face ".
7) ecological revetment (P7) refer to ratio of the river using gabion, ecology bag or other ecology typed bank revetment materials, ecology shield Bank ratio is higher, and riverbank habitat conditions is better, stronger to the adaptability of high target water quality, conversely, then opposite.P7With >=80%, [50%, 80%), ＜ 50% correspond to high, medium and low adaptability grade.
8) riverbed matrix (P8) referring to the ecology degree in riverbed, riverbed is that the ecology degree of natural substrates is higher, to height Adaptable, the bad adaptability of artificial rigid substrate or the more serious matrix of siltation to high target water quality of target water quality.P8With " natural shale ", " stone or silt ", " complete hard or mud, clayey soil " corresponding high, medium and low adaptability grade.
9) riverbank width (P9) and riverbank vegetation coverage (P10) reflect the growth ring of riverbank plant, animal, microorganism Border, riverbank is wider, and vegetation coverage is higher, and habitat conditions is better, stronger to the adaptability of high target water quality, conversely, then opposite. P9With >=river width, [0.1* river width, river width), ＜ 0.1* river width correspond to high, medium and low adaptability grade, P10With >=60%, [20%, 60%), ＜ 20% corresponds to high, medium and low adaptability grade.
10) upland water water quality (P11), section background water quality (P12), basin charge for remittance water quality (P13) by permanganate index, COD (COD), five-day BOD (BOD5), ammonia nitrogen (NH3- N), total phosphorus (TP), the water quality of total nitrogen (TN) and water work( Can area water standard compare, be better than Water Functional Zone water quality, reach Water Functional Zone water quality, be inferior to Water Functional Zone water quality correspond to it is high, In, low adaptability grade.
11) bed mud index (P14) evaluated by carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus pollution content, pollutant load is lower, to high target water quality Adaptability is stronger, conversely, then opposite.The pollution situation that bed mud carbon, nitrogen are evaluated by organic index method, by formula (11)~formula (13) It calculates, the pollution situation of sedimentary phosphate, as shown in formula (14), P is evaluated by single factor index number technique14With " OI ＜ 0.2, ON ＜ 0.066、STP＜ 0.5 ", " 0.2≤OI ＜ 0.5,0.066≤ON ＜ 0.133,0.5≤STP＜ 1.5 ", " OI >=0.5, ON >= 0.133、STP>=1.5 " corresponding high, medium and low adaptability grades.
12) contaminant degradation (P15) with the high, medium and low adaptability grade of degradable, degradable, difficult to degrade correspondence, Gao Meng Hydrochlorate index, COD, BOD, NH3- N, SS belong to degradable, TP, TN, cyanide, petroleum-type, sulfide, excrement colibacillus group be can Degradation, heavy metal (copper, zinc, selenium, arsenic, mercury, cadmium, Cr VI, lead), fluoride, volatile phenol, the difficult drop of anion surfactant Solution.Contaminant degradation is better, stronger to the adaptability of high target water quality, conversely, then opposite.
13) Aquatic Plant Diversity (P16), Phytoplankton Species Diversity (P17), diversity index of zooplankton (P18), zoobenthos Diversity (P20) evaluated with Shannon diversity index, as shown in formula (15).P16、P17、P18、P20With >=2, [1,2), ＜ 1 corresponds to High, medium and low adaptability grade.
14) Diversity of Fish (P19) G-F index assessments are used, it is calculated by formula (16)~formula (18).P19With >=0.25, [0.05,0.25), ＜ 0.05 correspond to high, medium and low adaptability grade.
15) the per capita area (P of access and open riverfront21) conditions of demand of water environment are evaluated with the public, occupied area is got over Small, public's hydrophilicrty is higher, stronger to the adaptability of high target water quality, conversely, then opposite.P23With ＜ 20m2、[20m2, 60m2)、≥60m2Corresponding high, medium and low adaptability grade.
4. parameter collection comprehensive score, determines water quality objective grade
The score value for assigning 3,2,1 respectively to high, medium and low adaptation grade, calculates each index score；21 indexs of note obtain diversity For f=(f1, f2..., f21), then shown in index set comprehensive score such as formula (19).Comprehensive score is divided into high, medium and low three etc. Grade is high-grade, permanganate index, COD, BOD when 2.3≤C≤35、NH3- N, TP execute Water Functional Zone standard, and TN is executed 《Urban wastewater treatment firm pollutant emission standard》(GB18918-2002) level-one A standards, sense organ are good；When 1.6 ＜ C ＜ 2.3 For middle grade, permanganate index, COD, BOD5、NH3- N, TP 1~2 grade looser than Water Functional Zone standard, Water Functional Zone mark Standard can loosely extremely when being V class《Urban wastewater treatment firm pollutant emission standard》(GB18918-2002) level-one A or level-one B marks Standard, TN execute level-one B standard, and sense organ is good；It is inferior grade when 1≤C≤1.6, does not consider permanganate index, COD, BOD5、 NH3The chemical index such as-N, TP, TN, only consider organoleptic indicator, do not generate make us the unhappy color of sense organ, smell, taste, sediment, floating Object.
The 4 kind operating conditions common to Beijing rivers Y of table 7：1. worst cold case (water temperature≤12 DEG C), 2. conventional operating mode (water 12 DEG C of warm ＞), 3. rainstorm condition (12 DEG C of water temperature ＞ and the heavy rain that standard of drainage or more occurs), 4. light rain operating mode (water temperature ＞ 12 DEG C and occur standard of drainage within rainfall), determine that method has carried out Dynamic Water using dynamic water quality objective provided by the invention Matter goal setting.After optimization under conventional operating mode (12 DEG C of water temperature ＞), permanganate index, COD, BOD5、NH3- N is evaluated as It is high-grade, Water Functional Zone standard, i.e. IV class water quality standard of earth's surface are executed, TP is middle grade, can relax 1 grade, executes earth's surface V Class water quality standard, TN are high-grade, execute sewage treatment plant's level-one emission standard A；It (12 DEG C of water temperature ＞ and is arranged in light rain operating mode Rainfall within water quality standard) under, permanganate index, COD, BOD5、NH3- N is evaluated as middle grade, executes the water work(for reducing level-one Energy area standard, i.e. V class water quality standard of earth's surface, TP is middle grade, can be loosely to sewage treatment plant's level-one emission standard A, and TN is medium Grade executes sewage treatment plant's level-one B discharge standards；Worst cold case (water temperature≤12 DEG C) and rainstorm condition (12 DEG C of water temperature ＞ and The heavy rain of standard of drainage or more occurs) under, permanganate index, COD, BOD5、NH3- N, TN, TP are evaluated as inferior grade, can hold Line width pine standard, does not require chemical index, requires nothing more than organoleptic indicator.Therefore, under low temperature and rainstorm condition, valley harnessing engineering Materialization segment process can be strengthened, to be effectively improved sensory effects, operation can then be surmounted to biochemical section, under light rain operating mode, basin is controlled Science and engineering journey can significantly shorten biochemical section residence time, reduction materialization section dosage etc., and the thus optimization of dynamic water quality objective can refer to The economical and efficient of water conservancy diversion domain harnessing project is run.
Pollutant Indexes Comparison under 7 two kinds of water quality objectives of table
Note：Permanganate index, COD, BOD5、NH3- N, TN, TP are expressed as " dynamic water quality mesh after evaluation result/optimization Mark ".

Claims (2)

1. a kind of city river section dynamic water quality objective determines method, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
1.1 establish the index system system that city river section water quality objective determines that influences
Index system is divided into three destination layer (O), rule layer (C), indicator layer (P) levels, and destination layer is indicated with O, rule layer It is indicated with C, corresponding index CkIt indicates, indicator layer is indicated with P, corresponding index PmIt indicates；Destination layer index (O) is to determine city City's river cross-section water pollutant concentration；Rule layer (C) is hydrology hydraulic factors (C1), water quality factors (C2), demand factor (C3) three Item index, i.e. C={ C1, C2, C3}；Hydrology hydraulic factors (C1) include water body volume (P1), flow velocity (P2), flow (P3), drop Quantity (P4), river bend coefficient (P5), fracture morphology (P6), ecological revetment ratio (P7), riverbed matrix (P8), riverbank width (P9), riverbank vegetation coverage (P10) 10 indexs, i.e. C1={ P1, P2..., P10}；Water quality factors (C2) include upland water water Matter (P11), section background water quality (P12), basin charge for remittance water quality (P13), bed mud index (P14), contaminant degradation (P15), it is aquatic Plant Diversity (P16), Phytoplankton Species Diversity (P17), diversity index of zooplankton (P18), Diversity of Fish (P19), zoobenthos Diversity (P20) 10 indexs, i.e. C2={ P11, P12..., P20}；Demand factor (C3) include the per capita area of access and open riverfront (P21) 1 index, i.e. C3={ P21}；Formed the city river section water quality objective being made of 3 factors, 21 indexs influence because Plain hierarchical structure frame；
1.2 judge index importance by analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and analysis calculates index weights, including：
1) judgment matrix B=(b are enabledij)n×n, bijFor matrix element, i, j are respectively the line number and row number where matrix element, and n is Matrix exponent number is numerically equal with the index number of this level under same upper layer Index Influence；The row and column of matrix is same N index of level, bijRow factor is indicated compared with row factor, to the important degree of last layer time index, numerical value can be quantized into Concrete numerical value in section [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,1/2,1/3,1/4,1/5,1/6,1/7,1/8,1/9], numerical value 1~9 Represent that row factor is more important than row factor, and the bigger numerical value the more important, it is more important than row factor that numerical value 1/2~1/9 represents row factor, numerical value It is smaller more important；
2) judgment matrix B judges consistency by consistency ratio CR, if CR ＜ 0.1, judgment matrix has satisfied consistency； CR=CI/RI, wherein CI are to deviate coincident indicator, CI=(λmax- n)/(n -1), λ in formulamaxFor matrix Maximum characteristic root；RI For random index, when matrix exponent number is 3~15, RI values are respectively 0.52,0.89,1.12,1.26,1.36,1.41, 1.46、1.49、1.52、1.54、1.56、1.58、1.59；
3) after judgment matrix B is by consistency check, each numerical value obtains this level index after normalization and exists in feature vector Initial weight in this level, each index (Pm) weight and the affiliated factor (C of each indexk) multiplied by weight obtain each index (Pm) To the comprehensive weight of general objective (O), then the comprehensive weight of 21 indexs is ωm, i.e. ω1、ω2、…、ω21；
4) index weights are modified using entropy technique, by judgment matrix B=(bij)n×nObtain canonical matrix R=(rij)n×n, wherein rijFor bijIt is normalized as a result, i.e.I-th index output entropy be The degree of deviation of i-th index is dj=1-Ej, the information weight of i-th index isThe then amendment of i-th index Weight is
5) it is corrected rear each index (Pm) weight and the affiliated factor (C of each indexk) multiplied by weight obtain each index (Pm) to catalogue The comprehensive weight for marking (O), ultimately forms the comprehensive weight a of 21 indexsm, i.e. a1、a2、a3、…、a21；
1.3 pairs of single item evaluation indexs carry out scalar quantization evaluation
Each single index is subjected to scalar quantization to the adaptedness of high, medium and low three goal gradients, is divided into high, medium and low three A adaptation grade, wherein high adaptation grade indicates that the index is conducive to reach higher water quality objective or since objective condition is necessary Higher water quality objective, low adaptation grade is selected to indicate that the index is unfavorable for reaching higher water quality objective or due to objective condition Lower water quality objective, middle adaptation grade is selected then to fall between；The adaptability grade scalar quantization mark of each evaluation index It is accurate as follows：
1) water body volume (P1) using the 10m depth of waters as boundary determine adaptability grade respectively, in the case of different water depth, different adaptability etc. Grade is related to water surface area；When the depth of water >=10m, water surface area is with >=25km2、[2.5km2, 25km2), ＜ 2.5km2It is corresponding High, medium and low adaptability grade, when depth of water ＜ 10m, water surface area is with >=50km2、[5km2, 50km2), ＜ 5km2It is corresponding high, in, Low adaptability grade；
2) flow velocity (P2) to be in do not rush optimum within the scope of non-silting velocity, P2With [vIt does not rush- 0.5* (vIt does not rush- vIt does not become silted up), vIt does not rush)、 (vIt does not become silted up,vIt does not become silted up+0.5*(vIt does not rush- vIt does not become silted up))、≤vIt does not become silted upOr >=vIt does not rushCorresponding high, medium and low adaptability grade, wherein vIt does not rushNot rush permission Flow velocity calculates, v according to formula (1)It does not become silted upFor the permissible velocity of flow that do not become silted up, calculated according to formula (2)；
vIt does not rush=KQ0.1 (1)
In formula, K is coefficient related with river bed soil property, and Q is the discharge of river, m3/s；
vIt does not become silted up=β h0 0.64 (2)
In formula, h0For mean depth, m；β is coefficient related with channel deposits characteristic, and coarse sand takes 0.60~0.70, and middle sand takes 0.54~0.57, fine sand takes 0.39~0.41；
3) flow (P3) determined according to average flow rate or period when a river is at its normal level average flow rate, P3With >=150m3/s、[15m3/ s, 150m3/s)、 ＜ 15m3/ s corresponds to high, medium and low adaptability grade；
4) drop is conducive to the degradation of the supplement and pollutant of Dissolved Oxygen in Water, P4With drop at >=3, [1,3) at drop, without falling Water corresponds to high, medium and low adaptability grade；
5) river bend coefficient (P5) calculated by the ratio between section physical length and straight length, P5With >=1.5, [1,1.5), ＜ 1 Corresponding high, medium and low adaptability grade；
6) fracture morphology (P6) consider section natural, ecological degree, P6With " natural parabolic-shaped section ", " it is natural it is parabola shaped, Artificial rectangle or trapezoidal cross-section exist ", " single artificial rectangle or trapezoidal cross-section " corresponding high, medium and low adaptability grade；
7) ecological revetment ratio (P7) refer to channel length ratio using ecology typed bank revetment material, P7With >=80%, [50%, 80%), ＜ 50% corresponds to high, medium and low adaptability grade；
8) riverbed matrix (P8) refer to the ecology degree in riverbed, P8With " natural shale ", " stone or silt ", " complete hard or silt The corresponding high, medium and low adaptability grade of mud, clayey soil "；
9) riverbank width (P9) and riverbank vegetation coverage (P10) reflection riverbank plant, animal, microorganism growing environment, P9With >=river width, [0.1* river width, river width), ＜ 0.1* river width correspond to high, medium and low adaptability grade, P10With >=60%, [20%, 60%), ＜ 20% corresponds to high, medium and low adaptability grade；
10) upland water water quality (P11), section background water quality (P12), basin charge for remittance water quality (P13) by permanganate index, chemistry Oxygen demand (COD), five-day BOD (BOD5), ammonia nitrogen (NH3- N), total phosphorus (TP), the water quality of total nitrogen (TN) and Water Functional Zone Water standard compares, P11、P12、P13To be better than Water Functional Zone water quality, reach Water Functional Zone water quality, be inferior to Water Functional Zone water quality pair Answer high, medium and low adaptability grade；
11) bed mud index (P14) evaluated by carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus pollution content, the pollution of bed mud carbon, nitrogen is evaluated by organic index method Situation is calculated by formula (3)~formula (5), and the pollution situation of sedimentary phosphate, as shown in formula (6), P are evaluated by single factor index number technique14With " OI ＜ 0.2, ON ＜ 0.066, STP＜ 0.5 ", " 0.2≤OI ＜ 0.5,0.066≤ON ＜ 0.133,0.5≤STP＜ 1.5 ", " OI ≥0.5、ON≥0.133、STP>=1.5 " corresponding high, medium and low adaptability grades；
OI=OC × ON (3)
ON=TN × 0.95 (4)
OC=OM/1.724 (5)
In formula, OI is organic index；OC is organic carbon, %；ON is organic nitrogen, %；TN is total nitrogen, %；OM is organic matter, %；
STP=Ci/Cs (6)
In formula, STPFor TP pollution indexs；CiFor measured value, mg/kg；CsFor evaluation criterion value, evaluated with reference to domestic lake sediment Standard takes 440mg/kg；
12) contaminant degradation (P15) with the high, medium and low adaptability grade of degradable, degradable, difficult to degrade correspondence, permanganate Index, COD, BOD5、NH3- N, SS be it is degradable, TP, TN, cyanide, petroleum-type, sulfide, excrement colibacillus group be it is degradable, Heavy metal, fluoride, volatile phenol, anion surfactant are difficult to degrade；
13) Aquatic Plant Diversity (P16), Phytoplankton Species Diversity (P17), diversity index of zooplankton (P18), zoobenthos it is various Property (P20) evaluated with Shannon diversity index, as shown in formula (7)；P16、P17、P18、P20With >=2, [1,2), ＜ 1 correspond to it is high, in, Low adaptability grade；
In formula, H indicates that Shannon diversity index, S indicate total species number, piIndicate the i-th kind of ratio for accounting for sum；
14) Diversity of Fish (P19) use G-F index assessments；
15) the per capita area (P of access and open riverfront21) conditions of demand of water environment are evaluated with the public, P21With ＜ 20m2、 [20m2, 60m2)、≥60m2Corresponding high, medium and low adaptability grade；
1.4 parameter collection comprehensive scores, determine water quality objective grade
The score value for assigning 3,2,1 respectively to high, medium and low adaptation grade, calculates each index score；It is f that 21 indexs of note, which obtain diversity, =(f1, f2..., f21), then shown in index set comprehensive score such as formula (11)；
In formula, S is index set comprehensive score, fmAnd amRespectively evaluation index PiScore and weight；
High, medium and low three grades is divided into comprehensive score, establishes dynamic river water quality target；To be high-grade when 2.3≤C≤3, Permanganate index, COD, BOD5、NH3- N, TP execute Water Functional Zone standard, and TN is executed《Urban wastewater treatment firm pollutant emission Standard》(GB18918-2002) level-one emission standard A, sense organ are good；It is middle grade when 1.6 ＜ C ＜ 2.3, permanganate index, COD、BOD5、NH3- N, TP 1~2 grade looser than Water Functional Zone standard, when Water Functional Zone standard is V class loosely extremely《Cities and towns Wastewater Treatment discharge standard》(GB18918-2002) level-one A or level-one B discharge standards, TN execute level-one B standard, Sense organ is good；It is inferior grade when 1≤C≤1.6, does not consider chemical index, only consider organoleptic indicator, does not generate that make us sense organ unhappy Color, smell, taste, sediment, floating material.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
Diversity of Fish (P19) G-F index assessments are used, it is calculated by formula (8)；P19With >=0.25, [0.05,0.25), ＜ 0.05 it is right Answer high, medium and low adaptability grade；
In formula, DGTo belong to diversity, calculated by formula (9)；DFFor section's diversity, calculated by formula (10)；
In formula, qi=Sj/ S, S are the species number during j belongs to, and S is the species number of register Mesichthyes, and p is the category number of register Mesichthyes；
In formula, pi=Ski/Sk, SkiSpecies number in belonging to for section in register, SkFor the species number in k sections in register, n is in k sections Belong to number, m is section's number of register Mesichthyes.
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CN112685604B (en) * 2020-11-12 2022-09-09 郑州大学 Water system function connected pattern optimization method based on graph theory
CN112836969A (en) * 2021-01-12 2021-05-25 浙江易智信息技术有限公司 Remote sensing technology-based river ecological quality evaluation method
CN113343413A (en) * 2021-04-22 2021-09-03 中国环境科学研究院 Water environment bearing capacity evaluation method, device, equipment and medium
CN113657737A (en) * 2021-08-04 2021-11-16 力合科技（湖南）股份有限公司 Water quality evaluation method, system, equipment and storage medium based on automatic monitoring data
CN114548842A (en) * 2022-04-26 2022-05-27 长江信达软件技术（武汉）有限责任公司 Method for realizing river growth comprehensive evaluation based on multi-source heterogeneous data space-time fusion
CN115219682A (en) * 2022-07-14 2022-10-21 武汉鸿榛园林绿化工程有限公司 River water environment treatment monitoring and analyzing system based on artificial intelligence
CN115219682B (en) * 2022-07-14 2024-02-20 武汉鸿榛园林绿化工程有限公司 River course water environment treatment monitoring analysis system based on artificial intelligence
CN115795580A (en) * 2023-02-10 2023-03-14 安徽省（水利部淮河水利委员会）水利科学研究院（安徽省水利工程质量检测中心站） Intelligent excavation construction management system based on cloud computing
CN117035514A (en) * 2023-08-08 2023-11-10 上海东振环保工程技术有限公司 Comprehensive sewage treatment management and control system based on cloud platform
CN117035514B (en) * 2023-08-08 2024-04-12 上海东振环保工程技术有限公司 Comprehensive sewage treatment management and control system based on cloud platform
CN116933982A (en) * 2023-09-15 2023-10-24 北京金水永利科技有限公司 Method and system for evaluating influence of rainfall on river water quality
CN116933982B (en) * 2023-09-15 2023-11-28 北京金水永利科技有限公司 Method and system for evaluating influence of rainfall on river water quality

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Application publication date: 20180724