CN1083039C - 湿法成网薄片、卫生巾或衬裤、吸收结构和三维形状经期用器具 - Google Patents

湿法成网薄片、卫生巾或衬裤、吸收结构和三维形状经期用器具 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1083039C
CN1083039C CN92109765.4A CN92109765A CN1083039C CN 1083039 C CN1083039 C CN 1083039C CN 92109765 A CN92109765 A CN 92109765A CN 1083039 C CN1083039 C CN 1083039C
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China
Prior art keywords
fiber
thin slice
upper strata
millimeters
capillary
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN92109765.4A
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English (en)
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CN1069649A (zh
Inventor
D·E·比尔格
J·C·霍尼
J·L·哈蒙斯
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Procter and Gamble Co
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Procter and Gamble Co
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    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01DMECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/253Formation of filaments, threads, or the like with a non-circular cross section; Spinnerette packs therefor
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    • A61F13/00Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
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    • A61F13/15203Properties of the article, e.g. stiffness or absorbency
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Dermatology (AREA)
  • Absorbent Articles And Supports Therefor (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
  • Compounds Of Alkaline-Earth Elements, Aluminum Or Rare-Earth Metals (AREA)

Abstract

卷曲,加捻纤维素纤维通过机械方法如精制处理使尺寸减小。精制纤维被成形为薄片,用于尿布,绷带和特别是卫生巾中的吸收层。在一种方法中,精制纤维素纤维可用来提供成形的卫生器具。在一供选择的方法中,具有纤维内部毛细管道的纤维能用于将流体导入含精制,卷曲纤维素纤维的吸收薄片内。

Description

湿法成网薄片、卫生巾或衬裤、吸收结构和三维形状经期用器具
本发明涉及用于给月经期制品,尤其是卫生巾和衬裤提供吸收容量的纤维芯。当使用胶凝吸收材料和/或胶乳粘合剂不理想的情况下,本文的纤维吸收芯特别适用。
各种结构的月经期制品如卫生巾和衬裤已被文献公诸于众。这类制品通常包括一可渗透流体的上层纸片,一吸收芯以及一不能渗透流体的底层纸片。该制品的吸收芯包括一种或其它种类的纤维素纤维。建议采用北方软木浆粕(Northern Softwood Kraft),南方软木浆粕(Southern Softwood Kraft),化学——热力学纸粕(Chemi-thermomechanical pulps)作为月经期吸收材料。新式经期用品常含有胶凝吸收材料,如聚丙烯酸脂和接枝淀粉—丙烯酸脂,由此获得附加吸收容量。
人们在继续寻求更经济而有效的吸收芯材料。新式经期用品,尤其是卫生巾和衬裤的超薄形目前已可购得。这类超薄形式虽使穿戴者感觉舒适,但需要极有效的吸收芯以便使用时提供理想的吸收能力和不致破损。流行的超薄形芯大体上都使用上述纤维素纤维和胶凝吸收材料的混合物。
然而,即使新式超薄纤维素/胶凝吸收材料芯也存在缺点。例如在制造过程中使用胶凝吸收材料带来一些问题,诸如该材料多灰尘、难于处理。此外,胶凝吸收材料价格昂贵。胶凝吸收材料的确最初被开发作为吸收尿一类低粘度流体的材料,如婴儿尿布,但某些类型的胶凝吸收材料对经血一类的较粘稠液体不是最适用的。从一般纤维素纤维和胶凝吸收材料而来的超薄吸收垫的配方中常常需要使用胶乳粘合剂,其量可高达芯中总纤维素纤维重量的20%。在制造工序中必须有这种粘合剂来提供对芯的强度和粘性,而且在使用条件下即芯部被体液浸湿后该粘合剂也是必须的。
直到现在,开发用于卫生巾和衬裤的吸收芯材料在很大程度上依赖于与制造方便婴儿尿布相关的知识。两类产品的胶凝吸收材料都很相似。两类产品的纤维素纤维也极相似。然而应该了解被尿布和经期用品比较所吸收的液体性质非常不同。此外,尿布比经期用品有更大的容量需求,以及更需要在吸收芯中由较远距离和高度除去大量此类液体。因此,预先考虑到这些因素,从而确定出后面将叙及的纤维素材料能满意地作为卫生巾和衬裤的吸收芯。
所以,本发明的一个目的是提供具有改进的吸收芯之卫生巾和衬裤。尽管本发明的吸收芯可选择性地含有胶凝吸收材料,但这里的第二个目的是提供不需要胶凝吸收材料的吸收芯,它们甚至在超薄形中亦具极好功效。这里第三个目的是提供具有高度毛细管作用和高渗透性,以及牢固持液能力的吸收芯。这里第四个目的是提供不需要胶乳粘合剂的吸收芯之经期用品。由本发明所确定这些和其它的目的可见诸后之。
制备卷曲的,化学交联的纤维素纤维及其在各种吸收制品中的应用在下列一个或多个美国专利和专利申请中有所描述:US4,888,09389年12月19日公布;US4,822,543,89年4月18日公布;US4,889,595,89年12月26日公布;US4,889,597,89年12月26日公布;US4,889,596,89年12月26日公布;US4,898,642,90年2月6日公布;US4,935,022,90年6月19日公布;US申请号07/596,605,申请日90年10月17日,CA2,028,977-5,91年5月8日公布;US申请号07/596,606,申请日90年10月17日,CA2,029,025-1,91年5月8日公布;US申请号07/596,607,申请日90年10月17日;FIPA90-5502,91年5月7日公布;US申请号07/625,776,申请日90年12月17日;US申请号07/625,775,申请日90年12月17日;以及US申请号07/625,774,申请日90年12月17日。
能用于此的制备其它卷曲纤维素纤维方法公开在PCT专利说明书US8901581,申请日1989年4月14日,国际出版号89/10446,M.L Minton,89年2月11日公开。
前述专利,专利申请和随后提及的任何专利一并作为参考。
本发明包括含有单独卷曲纤维素纤维之流体吸收(尤其是阴道排出液和月经)湿法成网薄片,所述纤维素纤维被机械精制以使该纤维的至少30%左右具有下述平均长度,即为初始未精制状态下其长度的大约20%到大约40%。最好这类薄片中约50%到约90%的精制纤维平均长度从大约0.25mm到大约1.5mm。该薄片较优为每立方厘米平均含所述精制纤维约0.1克到约0.15克,该薄片最优为平均厚度约0.33mm到约2.4mm。薄片按后文公开方法制备,经过湿法成网处理后,最好用通空气干燥设备进行干燥。
本发明由此提供了卫生巾或衬裤,它们包含一不可渗透流体的底层薄片,一可渗透流体的上层薄片和插在它们之间的吸收芯,所述芯包含上述的薄片。
在另一方法中,本发明包括的吸收结构含有一无纺斯克林布,(nonwoven Scrim),其上附着一层用湿法成网的单独卷曲的纤维素纤维,所述纤维素纤维被机械精制处理以使该纤维的至少30%左右具有下述平均长度,即为初始未精制状态下其长度的约20%到约40%。这类结构中优选为约50%到约90%的精制纤维平均长度从约0.25mm到约1.5mm。这种结构较优为每立方厘米所述湿法成网层平均含所述精制纤维约0.1克到约0.15克。该结构更优为所述精制纤维素纤维层平均厚度从约0.3mm到约2.4mm。此类结构在湿法成网后最好也用通空气干燥设备进行干燥。
因此,本发明还提供了一种卫生巾或衬裤,它包含一不可渗透流体的底层,一可渗透流体的上层和插在其间的一吸收芯,所述吸收芯含有上述吸收性斯克林布/层结构。
在另一实施例中,本发明还包括一种含有直流斯克林布的吸收结构,所述斯克林布包含具有外部毛细管道的纤维,其中湿法成网的单独卷曲的纤维素纤维层附着到所述斯克林布上,所述纤维素纤维被机械精制以使该纤维的至少30%左右具有下述长度,即为初始未精制状态下其长度的约20%到约40%。如上所述,这类优选的结构为约50%到约90%的精制纤维平均长度从约0.25mm到约1.5mm,最好这种结构每立方厘米所述湿法成网层平均含所述精制纤维约0.1克到0.15克。所述纤维素纤维层最优为平均厚度从约0.3mm到约2.4mm。如上述所述,该结构在湿法编制处理后最好用通过空气干燥设备进行干燥。
在一个优选方法中,这类结构的特征在于安置了至少大约50%,优选大约80%的含毛细管道的纤维,由此这些毛细管道便位于该结构的机器方向。
本发明还提供了一种卫生巾或衬裤,它包含一不可渗透流体的底层,一可渗透流体的上层和插在其间的吸收芯,所述芯含有上述毛细管道斯克林布/层结构,安置所述结构以便含毛细管道纤维的斯克林布与所述上层紧密接触并可输送流体。在一个优选实施例中,此类卫生巾或衬裤特征在于该斯克林布中安置了至少具有大约50%(优选至少大约80%)的毛细管道纤维之吸收芯以便该毛细管道位于卫生巾或衬裤的机器方向。
因此,本发明提供了适于以薄片或衬垫形式使用的可吸收性卫生制品之新型吸收材料和流体处理方法。每令(3,000ft2)基本重量一般在厚度大约0.5mm时为35磅左右至厚度大约2mm时为150磅左右。在一个最佳方法中,薄片包含大约0%到大约25%重量的纤维素Crill。
本发明还包括凸唇内的,外凹的或子宫帽类型的三维形状经期用器具,它们含有单独卷曲的纤维素纤维,所述纤维素纤维被机械精制以使该纤维的至少30%左右具有下述平均长度,即为初始未精制状态下其长度的约20%到约40%;其中约50%到约90%的所述纤维优选平均长度约为0.25mm到约1.5mm。
此处“精制的”纤维之一般定义出自教科书形式的汇编材料,见于SEMINAR-Refining of Chemical Pulps,Doshi&Associates,Inc,2617N.Summit Street,Appleton,WI59414。按此定义(第1页),“精制的目的是在水存在下使用能量来选择纤维结构,”或者“化学纸浆的机械处理按照改进薄片特性的方式来改进纤维”。
M.R.Doshi指出纤维性能的某些变化与精制有关,包括内部原纤化作用,外部原纤化作用和纤维收缩。Doshi还陈述到“微细纤维”或“Crill”材料的伴随物产生实质上是不可避免的。
应该了解这里设计的精制方法是为了使原纤化作用最小或最好避免发生该作用,以及使用“微细纤维”的形成达到最小或最好不形成。
本发明所有的比率,范围和比例除非特别指明都以重量计。
本发明对卷曲的,最好是化学交联的和硬化的,加捻的纤维进行精制,将所述纤维以薄片形式用作经期用品的吸收芯。尽管卷曲和加捻纤维素纤维的制备已载入文献,使用机械能量精制各种纤维的方法也已为世人所知,但人们并不相信将精制工序应用于卷曲纤维可获得本发明所体现的优越性。下面更详细地描述本发明的工序和制品。
纤维制造—适宜的卷曲纤维素纤维的制备方法详述于US4,888,903;4,822,543;4,889,595;4,889,597;4,889,596;和4,898,642,从上述纤维可制备出精制的卷曲和加捻纤维素纤维用于实施本发明。这类纤维与胶凝吸收材料联合使用,以及制造组合体的方法公开在US4,935,022中。这些专利在前述背景技术中已引用。此类制备一般包括使用戊二醛之类的醛作为交联剂。此外,聚羧酸可用作交联剂;见前述背景技术章引用的US专利申请。应当了解:制备其它卷曲纤维素纤维的其它方法也是公知的,这些纤维也可在此应用,但流体吸收性能可能不如上述纤维优良。其它纤维类型在US4,898,642和PCTU.S.8901581的各种引述可作为参考。
按引述参考资料中的方式制备的卷曲纤维包含单独卷曲纤维素纤维,该纤维最好通过一种交联剂进行化学硬化。如US4,898,642所述,这种卷曲纤维每毫米含平均干纤维捻度计数是至少大约4.5捻结。每毫米平均湿纤维捻度计数是至少大约3.0捻结,并且每毫米比所述干纤维捻度计数至少小0.5捻结;平均异丙醇滞留值少于30%左右;平均水滞留值为大约28%到约50%之间。极优选的纤维平均干纤维卷曲因子至少为0.3左右,更优为至少0.50左右。应该理解该精制方法实际上并未影响前述参数,大部分方法是按这种方法实施,即初始卷曲和加捻纤维很少或没有发生脱原纤化作用。初始纤维通常长度被减小。按平均讲,此处使用的初始卷曲纤维长度范围大约在1.6mm到7mm左右。按所公开的方法精制后,形成纤维的至少30%左右,优选至少50%左右,较优50%到90%左右,最优为至少90%左右的精制纤维其平均长度是初始,未精制卷曲纤维长度的约20%到约40%。换句话说,通过上述参考文献的方法制备的未精制纤维平均长度范围为约.1.6mm到7mm,而精制后纤维长度一般主要在约0.25mm到1.5mm平均范围内。
纤维精制—一旦卷曲纤维素纤维采用任何上述公开技术方法制备后,它们就进行精制从而提供用于实施本发明的纤维,见图2。
在一典型加工中,一种含约3%重量所述纤维和约97%重量水的水性原料流经一个sprout-Waldron(现可以Sprout-Bauer购得)单一盘式精炼机(来自Koppers Cormpany,Inc.Muncy,Pennsylvania,Model 105A-LAB),它采用17804-A型脱结盘。重要的是本精制方法的目的是切断加捻纤维而不使它们大量地发生脱原纤化作用。
3%原料水溶液被稀释至0.5%浓度,流经Sprout-Waldron精炼机,它采用一大约5密耳(mils)至大约30mils的间隙装置,优选大约2.5mils。(注:Sprout-Waldron通过消除相等的跳跃进行改进从而使间隙装置在整个纤维料液流动中保持恒定。)一般流速是每分钟9-10加仑,精制的安培数在25hp。马达上为大约45。(采用安培数术语是测量在精制期间给予纤维的机械能。)纤维单个地通过该间隙。
在另一方法中。卷曲纤维素纤维与Crill联合使用,该Crill是一种具有加拿大标准自由度约50到约100ml的高精制南方软木浆粕纤维。(TAPPI标准)。Crill一般包括直到大约5%-10%重量的卷曲纤维素纤维。加入Crill能赋予薄片成品理想的强度性能,同时出于经济的原因,它也作为薄片中的稀释剂。
接着精制步骤,0.5%的精制加捻纤维水浆进一步稀释成0.1%-0.2%左右重量的浆液,它随后用于薄片成形工序。
薄片成形—一般地讲,将上面制备的精制卷曲纤维素纤维成形为适宜的薄片以用于经期用品的吸收芯等,需要采用具有标准固定顶形成技术的长网造纸方法(Fourdrinier papermaking process),这涉及到薄片经过通空气干燥器进行垂直传送。参见如US4,889,597。该方法可按制备表层薄纸、滤纸等的公知技术使用胸辊。但与制造滤纸不同的是薄片不用高压干燥,而是采用通空气干燥器系统。
更详细地,含约0.1%到约0.2%重量精制卷曲纤维素纤维的上述水浆从一台造纸机的头箱导入到一标准成形造纸网上。一个目的是要避免纤维絮凝,否则会导致形成的薄片上沉积纤维不均匀。头箱顶端与成形造纸网(“薄片机”)的距离最好设置为90mils以避免絮凝。稀释水能通过沉降来调节从而消除絮凝。正如所述,免除絮凝可使薄片具有基本上均匀的纤维分布。
薄片较迅速地脱水至23%。真空箱用来对成形造纸网除去多余的水,薄片随后被转化为干纤维。采用标准通空气干燥器进行干燥,空气温度约为300°F。形成的薄片水份含量约3%-4%重量,再平衡至8%-10%水份(取决于环境温度)。值得注意的是薄片在干燥期间最好不压紧,因为这会影响吸收能力。按前述方法形成的薄片具有优良的吸收性能,适用于许多吸收结构。应该知道这种薄片经过卫生巾和衬裤的配制器后可能比预想的要硬一些。运用标准工艺,薄片可被轧光和/或通过一个“S”构型的辊使薄片挠曲而使薄片触感柔软。根据配制器的需要,上述工序可重复进行。
业已知道按照前述方法制备的薄片具有极强的吸收性,非常适用于经期用品。但该薄片在某些用途中缺少强度,尤其是当使用者穿戴期间被浸湿和受力时更如此。为解决此问题决定将商购无纺多孔,极低基重的薄型斯克林布,如AMOCOD2斯克林布沉降在长网造纸机的成形网上,之后该精制卷曲纤维在斯克林布的上端成形为薄片。在这种斯克林布上形成薄片期间,少量纤维通过斯克林布并将薄片与斯克林布附着,该现象在文献中称作“扯棉样(Stapling)”。借助此方法制备薄片/斯克林布优于采用另一方法,该另一方法中包括形成薄片,把斯克林布放置到薄片上端,所形成的斯克林布/薄片进行真空处理。在后一类方法中,不会出现良好的“扯棉样”,斯克林布趋向于与薄片脱离。
下述实例进一步说明本发明的实施,但不限定本发明。
                    实施例1
单个硬化卷曲纤维按照US4,898,642实施例1的步骤制备,再通过前述方法精制。形成的精制纤维浆料成形为薄纸,基重(每3,000ft2重量)为35磅。该薄片能用于如具有聚丙烯酸酯胶凝吸收材料中心层的薄纸层。这种层压制品一般包含大约0.68克胶凝吸收材料,它适用于超薄卫生巾的吸收芯。
                    实施例2
单个交联纤维采用干交联方法以柠檬酸作交联剂进行制备。生产柠檬酸交联纤维的步骤如下:1、对每一试样提供1735克干的南方软木浆粕(SSK)。纤维水份含量为大约7%(等于93%浓度)。2、在含约2,942克柠檬酸和410ml 50%氢氧化钠溶液的59,323克H2O的水性介质中加入纤维形成浆液。纤维在浆液中浸泡60分钟。该步骤也称为“浸渍(Steeping)”。浸渍PH约为3.0。3、纤维进行离心脱水使浓度范围在约40%至约50%。本步骤的离心后浆液浓度结合步骤2中浆料滤液的羧酸浓度来确定离心处理后纤维上交联剂量。本例中,初始离心处理后纤维中存在约5%重量的柠檬酸,以干纤维纤维素无水葡萄糖为基准。实际上,浆料滤液中交联剂的浓度计算借助于假定一个目标脱水浓度和纤维上所需化学品量。4、接着脱水纤维再采用Sprout-Waldron 1211盘式精炼机进行纤维分离,该精炼机的盘按一间隙设置,这使纤维基本上单个地产生同时纤维损坏达到最小量。当单个纤维排出精炼机时,它们在两个垂直管中用热空气快速干燥以使纤维加捻和卷曲。纤维从这些管道出去后含水量六约10%,供固化用。如果纤维从快速干燥管出口后水含量大于10%左右,那么纤维就于环境温度的空气中干燥直到其水含量约为10%。5、接近干燥的纤维然后放在托盘上,在通空气干燥炉中于一定温度下固化一段时间,其温度实际上取决于加入的柠檬酸量,纤维的干燥度等。本例中试样在大约188℃下固化8分钟左右。在炉   期间完成交联。6、交联的单个化纤维于网眼筛上,用20℃水冲洗,在约60℃水中按1%浓度浸泡1小时,过筛,用约20℃水第二次洗涤,然后离心处理使纤维浓度约为60%,在环境温度的空气中干燥至平衡水含量约8%。形成的单个化柠檬酸交联纤维素纤维按上述方法精制,在Amoco D2斯克林布上成形为薄片,薄片/斯克林布基重为150磅。经过S—辊软化后,薄片/斯克林布适用于卫生中的吸收芯。
                    实施例3
单个化交联纤维采用干交联方法以1,2,3,4丁烷四羧酸(BTCA)作交联剂进行制备。单个化交联纤维按照前述实施例2的方法生产但作了如下改进:实施例2步骤2的浆液含150克干浆粕,1186克水,64克BTCA和4克氢氧化钠。步骤5中纤维于大约165℃下固化60分钟左右。
生成的纤维进行精制,并按实施例2的方法成形为薄片/斯克林布。
                    实施例4
单个化交联纤维采用干交联方法以1,2,3丙烷三羧酸作交联剂进行制备。单个化交联纤维按照前述实施例2的方法生产但作了如下改进;实施例2步骤2的浆液含150克浆粕,1187克水,64克1,2,3丙烷三羧酸以及3克氢氧化钠。步骤5中纤维在大约165℃下固化60分钟左右。
形成的纤维进行精制,并按实施例2的方法成形为薄片/斯克林布。
                    实施例5
单个化交联纤维采用干交联方法以氧化二琥珀酸作交联剂进行制备。单个化交联纤维按照前述实施例2的方法生产但作了如下改进;实施例2步骤2的浆液含140克浆粕,985克水,40克氧化二琥珀酸钠以及10毫升98%琥珀酸。
形成的纤维进行精制,并按实施例2方法成形为薄片。
                    实施例6
单个化交联纤维采用干交联方法以柠檬酸作交联剂和硫酸钠作催化剂进行制备。单个化交联纤维按照实施例2的方法生产但作了如下改进:实施例2步骤2的浆液含200克浆粕,7050克水,368克硫酸钠以及368克柠檬酸。浸渍PH约为2.0。步骤5中纤维于大约165℃下固化60分钟左右。
形成的纤维如上述方法精制,成形为基重约83磅的薄片/斯克林布。经过S—辊软化后,薄片适用于衬裤的吸收芯。
                    实施例7
单个化交联纤维采用干交联方法以柠檬酸作交联剂和次磷酸钠作催化剂进行制备。单个化交联纤维按照实施例2的方法生产但作了如下改进:实施例2步骤2的浆液含326克浆粕,138克次磷酸钠,552克柠檬酸以及10,906克水中含78克氢氧化钠。步骤5中纤维于大约188℃下固化6分钟左右。
形成的纤维进行精制,成形为密度约0.125(于0.1磅/英寸2压力)的薄片/斯克林布,每克薄片对羊血的容量是大约8.0克。这类薄片在各种基重下都适用于卫生巾和衬裤。
采用含精制纤维的前述薄片或最好是薄片——斯克林布组合体制备卫生巾、衬裤等产品。其方法包括将一层或多层薄片插在可渗透流体的上层和不可渗透流体的底层之间。该类产品的制造已公诸于文献中且在商业上已实施。此处所包括的下述内容便于配制器选择适宜的顶层和底层材料。
流体接收上层薄片本制成品具有流体接收上层薄片。该薄片最好是由疏水可渗透流体材料构成。用于实施本发明的上层薄片材料按专利文献描述的方法制备。例如,根据US4,324,246,Mullane和Smith,1982年4月13日,一种热塑性材料的试样,如0.0038厘米厚的聚乙烯薄膜被加热到软化点以上。(软化点是指热塑性材料可被成型或铸模的温度,但它要低于材料的熔点)。片状受热的热塑性材料与受热的成形筛接触。成形筛最好是具有所需孔尺寸图案和构型的孔状金属丝网眼筛。用插真空拉延受热膜脱离成形网,由此将薄膜成形为所需图案和孔尺寸。当薄膜仍受真空作用的同时,喷射一般热空气通过该薄膜。热空气流按成形筛上的图案和孔大小给薄膜以一定形状进行穿孔。
按照Mullane等人专利的方法制备的可渗透流体上层薄片简称为“成形膜”。该薄膜的孔径很重要,如果孔径太大,液体可能堆积在孔中而不流通。对于制造吸收制品如尿布、经期用品,失禁制品等,上层薄片孔径一般小于约0.075厘米,或优选小于约0.064厘米。
另一种用作上层薄片的成形膜薄片材料是弹性三维网,它呈纤维状外观和触感,由其有所述多孔网的不可渗透塑性材料组成,这些孔通过大量的纤维状要素交叉所限定,其内容公开在US4,342,314,Radel和Thompson,1982年8月3日。Radel和Thompson薄片材料采用诸如聚乙烯、聚丙烯,聚氯乙烯等疏水塑性体制备,已众所周知可用于如经期用品等的吸收制品。
另一类适用于本发明的成形膜薄片材料在US3,929,135,Thompson,1975年12月30日中有所描述,由具有孔的疏水聚合物膜组成,该孔是锥形毛细管状。这些“锥形毛细管”上层薄片也已公知可作吸收制品,包括成人失禁制品。它们可按上面提到的各种疏水聚合物来制备;一般使用厚度为0.0025到0.0051厘米的低密度聚乙烯。
参考US3,929,135可对锥形毛细管上层薄片形象具体化。应用中,锥形毛细管上层薄片的毛细管顶端与下层吸收芯材料相接触。锥形毛细管通常是园锥表面的平截头形式,但应该知道任何一般的园锥结构,如锥形平截头体或三角形的,正方形或多边形底的平截头体都包括在“锥形毛细管”定义中;为方便起见,园锥形毛细管也用于本发明。业已知道,锥形毛细管可以是不对称的(即,锥形的一侧的角可以与另一侧的角不同),锥角从底到顶之间可连续变化(即为曲线)。后一种情况下,锥角被定义为在最小顶端开口处与毛细管侧面相切的角度。实施本发明时,适用于上层薄片的锥角是大约10℃到大约60℃。
毛细管的底部开口尺寸被定义为在上层薄片平面中于锥形毛细管处的最大开口量距。顶端开口尺寸被定义为在所述锥形毛细管的顶端处之最大开口量距,该顶端远离上层薄片平面。当锥形毛细管是园锥表面的平截头形状时,底和顶开口尺寸分别是底直径和顶直径。后面将把底直径和顶直径分别与底开口尺寸和顶开口尺寸交互使用。
锥形毛细管顶直径应能使液体直接通过上层薄片进入下层吸收芯。顶直径为大约0.004到大约0.100英寸(0.010到0.254厘米),优选为大约0.005到大约0.020英寸(0.013到0.051厘米)。
锥形毛细管底直径按两个标准选择。其一是跟穿戴者皮肤接触的上层表面的主观感觉。人们发现当底直径范围是约0.006到约0.250英寸(0.015到0.635厘米)时,聚乙烯展现了令人愉快的、布料样非蜡状特性。最好底直径应在约0.030到约0.060英寸(0.076到0.152厘米)之间。标准之二是毛细管底直径应小到足以让预料的液滴接桥通过至少一个毛细管。按上述尺寸的标准便可适于方便尿布和卫生用品。
锥形毛细管的高度被定义为上层薄片的最外表面(即,该表面通常与穿戴者的皮肤接触)和锥形毛细管的顶部之间的距离。此高度当然取决于前面选择的顶直径、底直径和锥角。锥形毛细管的高度应满足使用中破损最小的结构。上层薄片的构成材料之特征很大程度上确定了适宜的高度范用。当上层薄片是低密度聚乙烯,厚度为0.001到0.002英寸(0.003到0.005厘米),顶直径和底直径取优选范围,锥角α取临界范围时,锥形毛细管的高度为大约0.003到大约0.159英寸(0.008到0.404厘米)。
上层薄片表面处于较干状态就意味着与上层薄片接触的大量液体通过它转够到吸收材料,也即意味着与上层薄片接触的每一单个液滴都肯定与锥形毛细管的底直径接触。如果实区面积(锥形毛细管底之间存在的上层薄片面积)达到最小,那么上述状态可以最佳。最小极限值属于这种情况,即园锥形的锥形毛细管或棱锥形的锥形毛细管以紧密方式排列(每根毛细管底周边在各面上都与相邻毛细管的底周边相接触)。最小实区面积的优选安排应保证单个液滴与至少一根锥形毛细管接触。方便尿布中一个优选安排为前述锥形毛细管按每平方英寸上层薄片中有序排列大约30到大约1500根锥形毛细管(每平方厘米5到231根)。
锥形毛细管薄片可按众所周知的任何方法来制造。一个特别适宜的方法是用所需锥形毛细管形状和布置的凸模部件提供一受热铸模(以后称针模)。每个凸模部件按下述方式固定,即它的顶端从针模的底部延伸开。一部分薄片材料在铸模和弹性底盘之间与受热针模接触。施加压力以使铸模、薄片和弹性底盘相联合,于是薄片中就形成锥形毛细管从而制造出锥形毛细管上层薄片。制造上层薄片的另一方法是使一部分不可渗透液体材料在合适的铸模中真空成形。按上述方法之一形成锥形毛细管薄片后,可能需要用物理方法从毛细管顶端除去原材料,从而保证顶直径为所需值。材料清除可通过将顶端受控磨掉或者加热成形上层薄片来熔开顶端。见US4,629,643,Curro和Linman,1986年12月16日,具有改进触感的微孔聚合薄膜亦可用于实施本发明。
US4,463,045Ahr等人,1984年7月31日公开了一种极优良的可渗透流体的成形膜上层薄片材料,它可用于实施本发明,此专利可用作参考以便有助于进一步了解Ahr等人的结构。
总之,US4,463,045提供的上层薄片不仅设计成理想的布样触感,而且基本上消除了表面光泽。因此,由塑料组成的上层薄片不具有令人不快的光亮和“塑料状”外观。
这种极佳的上层薄片材料可以简要地描述为宏观的三维延伸塑性“网”,它至少有一可见表面,当露置于光线下基本上不出现光泽,基本上所有上述可见表面呈规则间隔,微观构型是分离的表面象差,该表面象差的振幅取向与象差发生的表面垂直,所述每一表面象差最大尺寸小于大约6mils用取向基本上与其振幅垂直的平面进行测量的。当观察者眼睛与所述网平面的垂直距离至少12英寸左右时,所述表面象差用肉眼不能分辨,每一表面象差不受平面区域约束,它可以大到足以印上一个4mils直径的园,相对于所有邻近表面象差存在如此间隔以致印在任何平表面的任何园的最大直径居表面象差之中,任何可见表面部分上的所述相邻表面象差都小于4mils左右,因此,投射在任何可见表面部分的光被所述表面象差漫射成多个方向,所以该可见表面基本上不呈现光泽。
′045上层薄片材料至少有一部分表面象差包含凸出部一般从表面向外投影,至少有一部分表面象差包含凹陷部,一般从所述网表面向内投影。
制造这些优选上层薄片可以利用前面通述的成形筛或结构,它通过载体部分上“关节”的性能产生表面象差。(这些薄片的制备详述于US4,463,045,其制备方法并不构成本发明。)通常,形成的表面象差与编织网眼载体结构的关节相符合,后者在制造过程中直接与塑性薄片的可见表面接触。
在一优选制造方法中,直接与所述上层薄片的可见表面接触的编织网眼载体结构由长丝组成,该长丝直径大约为1到2密耳,网目数为每直线英寸(2.54cms)160单丝乘以每直线英寸(2.54cms)160单丝至每直线英寸(2.54cms)400单丝乘以每直线英寸400单丝。
优选上层薄片的特征在于表面象差的平均振幅至少为0.2mils左右,优选至少为0.3mils左右。更优选的是使用这种上层薄片,其中每一表面象差的振幅按与该表面象差发生的表面相垂直进行测量,其范围大约为所有邻近表面象差振幅平均值的±20%,理想为10%。
“单通路(one-way)”成形膜上层薄片,其底面经过了亲水胶乳处理,该内容公开在US4,735,843,Noda,1988年4月5日,它们也可在此使用。
除上述复杂孔型材料外,亦可采用简单穿孔的疏水薄片材料实施本发明。
从前述内容已经知道实施本发明的上层薄片所用优选“薄片”或“薄膜”实质上不同于纤维无纺材料,后者的特征在于材料整个厚度中大量纤维相互交叠。此外,这里运用的成形膜上层薄片材料最好由疏水热塑性聚合材料一类构成,它在使用中提供了清洁的外观,不易污染或“非污染”表面。这种上层薄片(以及纤维上层薄片)借助喷撒表面活性剂获得亲水性,如PEGOSPERSE十分流行。
应该了解从聚乙烯,聚丙烯及其混合物之类材料制得的纤维无纺上层薄片通常用于商业生产的卫生巾和衬裤,此种纤维上层薄片也可在此应用。
“纤维的”,即这里使用的非成形膜,上层薄片材料包括各种非吸收纤维的或长丝网络薄片,它们借助流经大量孔或通道的特性来渗透水性流体。该薄片材料利用专利文献详述的方法来制备。例如根据US4, 636,419,Madsen等人,1987年1月13日的方法,薄片由两种不相似的化学品类型带状长丝网络组成,化学品具有两种不同熔点或软化点,薄片被接触并冷却以使网络薄片成形,其特征在于不同横向和纵向聚合材料。这种薄片可用于实施本发明。
这里适用的另一种薄片材料是包括聚合物长丝的网状网络的构形网,所述网包括按位移角20-90度取向的两列长丝。参考EP0215417,86年9月6日申请,Sneyd等人,进一步了解此薄片。前述薄片材料采用疏水塑料如聚乙烯,聚丙烯,聚氯乙烯等来制备,众所周知可用作经期用品之类的吸收制品。这种薄片材料一般基重是0.5-5.0盎司/码2(0.0016克/厘米2~0.016克/厘米)2,厚度(Caliper)为5-25密耳,开孔面积30-80%,网目20-40。亦可使用常规无纺上层薄片。
底层薄片—底层薄片是常规类型,包括一柔软的足够薄的不可渗透流体聚合物薄片.如聚乙烯或聚丙烯。聚乙烯薄片一般厚为0.001毫米~0.5毫米。可冲洗或生物降解底薄片也可与衬裤一同使用。
供选择的保留设施这里的吸收结构最好选择一些设施在或邻近使用者身体部位得以支持,从而让该结构完成其预定功能。例如,在卫生巾上将胶带用于底层薄片的外面已非常流行。亦可选择使用各种周知的针,夹子和系固物结构。
下面实施例用来说明用本发明的方法制备的吸收薄片在方便卫生制品中的应用。
                    实施例8
适于经期使用轻型衬裤包括一表面积大约为117cm2基本上为长方形的衬垫,以及包含实施例6的薄片/斯克林布作为吸收芯。该薄片插在US4,463,045的成形膜上层薄片和柔软聚乙烯底层薄片之间。此衬裤的作用是吸收阴道排出物而不需要胶凝吸收材料。
                    实施例9
从它的吸收芯向外延伸的有两盖片的卫生巾型经期用品采用实施例7的吸收薄片制备,这里由US4,687,478,Van Tilburg,1987年8月18日设计。吸收芯包括基重为150磅左右的薄片/斯克林布。US4,463,045的无光泽薄片用作上层薄片。
                    实施例10
薄型卫生巾的制备如下。吸收芯按实施例7的方法制备,基重大约为150磅,芯被切割成大约8.0英寸×2.75英寸,放置在稍大些的聚乙烯底层薄片上部。另一片薄纸放在芯上部。US4,463,045公开的成形膜上层薄片被均匀地在其下侧面涂覆上Ca.0.03g胶乳粘合剂,多余的粘合剂被擦掉。用玻璃轴辗轧上层薄片以保证粘合剂接触良好和涂覆适中。上层薄片放置到前面装好的芯上部。为了保证芯结合良好,上层薄片用一胶质玻璃片加重。装配构件封装到一起得到完整制品:上层薄片/薄纸/吸收芯/底层薄片。作为选择方式,粘合剂可涂覆到衬垫底层薄片的外面以便将该制品固定到内裤上。制品的上层薄片用0.03g左右PEGOSPERSE 200ML喷雾以使上层薄片的接受流体表面具亲水性,该PEGOSPERSE是从Lonza,Inc.Williamsport,PA,USA购得的聚乙烯醇200单月桂酸酯表面活性剂。
下面实施例用来说明本发明的吸收芯与毛细管道纤维的联合使用,毛细管道纤维用于导流液体和防止流体从制品侧面漏到使用者的内裤上。导流毛细管道纤维的原理在EPO申请391,814,Phittips等人,1990年10月10日公开文本上已作过讨论。适宜的毛细管道纤维可从Eastman Chemicals以“S W194”和“S W173”CCF纤维购得。
应该知道本发明使用的这类毛细管道纤维的制造不构成本发明内容。引以重视的有EPO申请391,814(前已引述),或其对应的美国部分延续申请,标题为“能自动传送流体的纤维”,系列号07/736,267,申请日1991年7月23日,发明人Phillips,Jones等人Eastman Chemicat Company,或其对应美国申请,标题为“开口毛细管道结构,制造毛细管道结构的改进方法以及所使用的挤压模”,系列号07/482,446,申请日1990年2月20日,发明人ThompsonKrautter,所有文献编作参考以进一步了解有关制造毛细管道纤维的细节,亦参看同时申请的美国专利申请,标题为“用于吸收制品的流体处理结构”,系列号07/734,392,申请日1991年7月23日,Thomp Son等申请的标题为“吸收制品,尤其是经期用品具有改进的导流性质,且舒服适用”,系列号07/734,404,申请日为1991年7月23日,编作设计吸收制品之参考。
作为参考以及根据一般经验,长轴(或“X”)是典型的衬垫型经期用品所具备的,称为“机器方向”,因为制造过程中制品沿该轴的方向通过机器。短轴(或“Y”)称为“横向”,因为它穿过制品宽度方向。“Z”方向是指向下通过上层薄片的方向,它进入毛细管道纤维层,进入可能提供的储液芯。本目的是要在上层薄片和底层之间或者制品各层间提供一个毛细管吸收坡度,由此流体被引向“Z”方向,离开制品表面进入最终储液层。从经验上讲,毛细管吸收与粘着张力有关,而与开口大小反向关联,即,一般情况下,上层薄片开口应大于在纤维内部的毛细管道,换言之它大于纤维储液芯的纤维中毛细管道。每层构件的表面亲水性理论上讲会影响到毛细管吸收坡度。
简言之,选择性地使用毛细管道纤维促进了流体按吸收制品的“Z”方向通过。此外,采用一层毛细管纤维放置成基本上与机器方向平行,这样也促进了机器方向的液体流动,从而增强了制品的总有效吸收能力。但由于放置毛细管道纤维,横向液流流动受到控制,所以使液体从制品边缘漏出的可能达到最小甚至完全避免。不同于现有技术中的吸收制品,它们是借助纤维棉絮按X,Y,Z方向以非直接方式移除液体,纤维棉絮包括纤维中毛细管空隙,而本发明纤维的纤维内毛细管道提供了所需液体导向。
简言之,毛细管道纤维包括制成薄型纤维的可纺聚合物(如聚酯),该薄型纤维用外“壁”来限制毛细管道沿纤维长度取向,为方便起见,聚合物可熔融挤压。这些壁一般具有“H”—形,”U”—形,形成“V”—形横截面,或含所述横截面的重复并联成分支结构。
尽管这里使用的毛细管道纤维一般为非纤维素类,聚酯型,但其它类型的纤维成形聚合物也能用于本发明制备。例如,亦可使用聚烯烃,聚酰胺,聚醋酸酯,聚二噁烷酮等等。因为这里的目的是要具有毛细管道纤维方向而不是吸收体液,所以纤维最好具有最小或基本上不具备吸液(即水性体液)性能。可以明显注意到,如果纤维本身吸液并润涨,毛细管就会堵塞,如果需要,纤维素衍生物,如纤维素丙酸酯,纤维素醋酸酯等均可使用,只要预先考虑到上述情况。
更具体地,这种毛细管道纤维可从各种聚合物,尤其是聚乙烯对苯二酸脂制备,该聚合物单丝的旦尼尔数范围为大约10到大约22,该纤维轻而柔韧,尤其当卷曲或皱裥时能赋予某种程度的膨松和弹性。纤维壁深一般大约为48微米,壁间距约为37微米。壁本身厚度一般为3-15微米。
在一优选的方案中,毛细管道纤维被卷曲(或者皱裥)。从纤维技术中已知道,纤维卷曲可这样实现;当纤维从成形模出来时对它们进行选择性的热骤冷,而让纤维的一面比另一面受热大一点(反之,一面比另一面冷得快)。另外,从诸如聚酯一类的合成聚合物制造的纤维可通过拉伸然后放松而卷曲,或者让纤维沿锋利边缘受张力,然后放松而卷曲。还有一方法是纤维(尤其是多支化纤维)通过机械方法以卷曲纤维的量进行“皱裥”(“gathered”)或“梳理”(“carded”),如在填塞箱中。但优选的是“非直线型”或卷曲的毛细管道纤维不能纽结,因为纽结会导致通道的节流点,这会阻碍液体流动。某些毛细管道纤维还可通过浸入甲醇中而卷曲。在一优选方法中,纤维基本上是螺旋形。在任何情况下,无论卷曲的或是机械皱裥到一定量的卷曲,这里选择性应用的毛细管道纤维都简单地称为“卷曲的”。
使用非线性毛细管道有极大地优越性。非常优选的是毛细管道纤维的小部分或“簇绒”(“tufts”)实际上伸进至少部分制品的上层薄片的孔中。可以想像,当采用卷曲毛细管道纤维制备高膨松毛细管道衬垫时,这些凸出部分易于见效。甚致偶然地存在较大的可能性使毛细管道纤维中大量绪头和/或卷曲处找到进入上层薄片材料的开孔通道,这比使用线性毛细管道要容易。
优选的卷曲幅度范围大约为0.1mm到0.3mm,卷曲濒率一般大约为每厘米0.5到每厘米5。换言之,具有直线长度2cm左右的平均毛细管道纤维被卷曲成皱裥到长度约为0.5cm到1.5cm的优质纤维。
毛细管道纤维最好能自动润湿,一般可通过涂覆表面活性剂如PEGOSPERSE或VOLPO-3乙氧基化油醇,购自Crode,Inc,New York,NY或其它方便的方法使纤维具亲水性。无论何种方法,总的目标是保证这里应用的毛细管道纤维能被传送的流体自动浸湿。
考虑到所使用的这类毛细管道纤维以及单个纤维的表面形状,本发明方法制备的产品构型同形成吸收制品的这种纤维组成有关。通常,该构形应是在制品中铺列一束这种纤维。在某一方法中,纤维被吸送到纤维素.纤维制造的吸收芯上。在一优选的方法中,上述多毛细管道纤维被成形为块或衬垫,该衬垫包括一多毛细管道纤维网络。这种多纤维衬垫孔眼范围一般大约为0.1英寸(0.254厘米)到0.7英寸(1.78厘米),优选大约0.1英寸(0.254厘米)到0.4英寸(1.02厘米)适用于卫生巾;优选约为0.05英寸(0.27厘米)到0.15英寸(0.38厘米)适用于衬裤;优选约为0.1英寸(0.254厘米)到0.5英寸(1.27厘米)适用于婴儿尿布或成人失禁内裤。为了用于方便吸收制品,这种衬垫每1cm2表面积约含0.003g到0.016g纤维,每1cm3体积约含0.003g到0.03g毛细管道纤维(在未压缩状态下测量)。对于衬裤,尿布和成人失禁内裤,每单位面积和每单位体积的纤维量可根据上述不同的孔眼来计算。
最好毛细管道纤维的旦尼尔数和强度应这样选择,即纤维衬垫的湿、干厚度(Capillary)比率至少大约80%,更优为90%左右。这就保证了衬垫在使用中能维持柔软和定形的质量要求。
换言之,对于一般卫生巾,大约1.5g所述卷曲毛细管道纤维制成的长方形衬垫,表面积约为160cm2,适用于称之为“第二上层薄片”中,它位于在本文中公开的这类最初流体接受上层薄片之下,本发明吸收芯之上。
生产制品中一个重要的因素是要确保上层薄片材料和毛细管道纤维层之间紧密接触,这种纤维层和上层薄片的界面紧密接触使制成品的流体接受和分布达到最大。
在一优选方法中,上层薄片与毛细管道纤维层的紧密接触靠粘合剂结合方式来实现。应注意到使用过量粘合剂会导致制品粘到使用者身体上而令人不快,并且使用过量粘合剂还会在纤维中阻塞毛细管通道,造成效率下降。因此应使用“不干扰”粘合剂用量。粘合剂应对皮肤无刺激,也即对用于与身体组织紧密接触时要毒理上可以接受。当没有水分时,即制品制造中,粘合剂应保持其粘接性能,最好当存在水分时,即制品使用中,粘合剂也具有此性能。
在一个实施例中,制品按如下方式制备:至少一些毛细管道纤维凸伸到至少一些(优选至少约30%,更优约50%),上层薄片部分的开口处,该上层薄片部分与毛细管道纤维重叠。在另一方法中,至少一些毛细管道纤维可用针穿孔或其它方式凸伸穿过至少一些(优选至少约30%,更优约50%)上层薄片部分的开口处,该上层薄片部分与毛细管道纤维重叠。在后一实例中,毛细管道纤维一般凸伸穿过上层薄片的距离约为0.1mm到3cm。这就提供了流体通过上层薄片的非常有效的垂直管路,并进入到吸收制品的中间区域。
粘合剂既要粘接到用于制造上层薄片的材料上,又要粘接到用于制造毛细管道纤维的材料上。如果上层薄片或纤维经过表面处理,如亲水化工序,则在选择粘合剂时则必须考虑到表面处理性质。
这里使用的一般粘合剂包括选自胶乳粘合剂和热熔粘合剂一类的材料。幸运的是大量此类粘合剂已众所周知,通过对上述因素给予适当考虑,制造厂家便可选出适于任何情况的适宜粘合剂。当制品使用时,即被体液浸湿后,为了保持良好接触,最好是粘合剂在体液中不溶解。
尽管粘合剂能以随意构形涂覆,但优选采用螺旋或多重螺旋形式。在一优选方法中,粘合剂线条采用0.2mm喷咀涂成螺旋或多重螺旋形,涂覆用喷咀至少为0.6mm大较为适宜。
根据不同构形的要求,粘合剂的选择有所差别,但下面几点具有教益。经验表明通常胶乳粘合剂不如热熔粘合剂令人满意。购至Findley Adhesives,Inc的粘合剂,尤其是热熔粘合剂4031,以及几乎唯一的胶乳8085适用于此。(注:Findley H-4031-01是疏水性的,可被认为具有良好的性能。相反,胶乳H-8082-05是亲水性的,使用中浸湿后发生分离。)品种繁多的亲水整理剂可存在于毛细管道纤维上,粘合剂类型有所不同,这取决于所用的整理剂及其用量。正如所述,本目的是保证任何时候上层薄片和毛细管道纤维层之间接触良好,从而使流体吸收达最大,分配性能最佳。采用Eastman毛细管道纤维如SW195,Eastman的整理剂LK5570(49%PEG400单月桂酸脂/49%PEG600单月桂酸酯/2%4-十六烷基-4-乙基吗啉嗡ethosulfate(ethylmorpholinium ethosulfate)[抗静电剂])在高,中,低(0.78-0.87;0.38-0.57;0.28-0.33纤维重量百分比)整理剂量下联合运用Findley粘合剂4031效果最好。根据高,中,低整理剂分别使用约0.07g,0.08g或0.05g Findley4031可得到极佳的粘合。
其它整理剂包括Eastman的LK5483(70%PM[PEG600单月桂酸酯,聚氧代月桂酸酯(13.64)单月桂酸酯30%月桂基磷酸钾),Eastman的LK5563(45%PEG400单月桂酸酯/45%PEG600单月桂酸酯/10%4-十六烷基-4-乙基吗啉嗡ethosulfate)(ethylmorpholinium ethosulfate)以及以MILEASET的聚合物,它在洗涤剂领域公知(如参见U.S.4,132,680),可作纤维涂层乙烯对苯二酸酯/聚乙烯甘油对苯二酸酯污物释放聚合物,可以ICIAmericas购得。
粘合剂用量可以不同,一般范围是2英寸×5英寸的螺旋构形大约为0.05g至2英寸×7英寸的螺旋构形大约为0.07g,采用热熔粘合剂。对于胶乳粘合剂,每2英寸×5英寸构形约为0.1g至0.15g便足够。对于点构形,每2英寸×5英寸孔眼面积需用0.05g左右。
上层薄片和下层毛细管道纤维之间的紧密接触可通过在粘接工序中施加压力和/或通过“精梳”(“Combing”)该层中最上面的毛细管道纤维来提供单纤维凸出部而得到进一步改进,上述的单纤维凸出部能与粘合剂更好地接触。另外,一部分毛细管道纤维可通过针刺孔等方法进入本发明的吸收芯。这为源至毛细管道纤维层的液流提供了另一途径进入吸收芯。
                    实施例11
适于经期间使用的轻型衬裤包括1克SW173毛细管道纤维层,它置于表面积约为117cm2的长方形衬垫上,且含有实施例6的薄片/斯克林布作吸收芯。毛细管纤维放置成基本上与芯长轴平行。毛细管纤维层和薄片/斯克林布被插在US4,463,045的成形膜上层薄片与柔韧性聚乙烯底薄片之间。将毛细管纤维粘接到上层薄片的粘合剂如前述一样。衬裤的功效是吸收阴道排出物而不需要胶凝吸收材料。
                    实施例12
卫生巾型经期制品借助US4,687,478,Van Tilburg,1987年8月18日的设计来制备,它具有从其吸收芯向外延伸的两个盖片。该吸收芯按实施例7包括有基重约150磅的薄片/斯克林布。1.5g卷曲SW173纤维层置于吸收芯之上,纤维平行于芯长轴。一般按照实施例10的步骤装配。US4,463,045的无光泽薄片用作上层薄片。
                    实施例13
实施例12的卫生巾通过在毛细管道纤维层上用针刺孔得以改进,它可使大量所述纤维部分地向下伸向吸收芯。于是提供了Z方向的进一步流体运动,即排出毛细管道纤维层再进入吸收芯。作为选择,吸收芯上层进行精梳或粗糙化以便来自芯部的纤维向上延展进入毛细管道纤维层。
                    实施例14
实施例12有卫生巾分别用US4,636,419或EPO215,417的纤维上层薄片代替成形膜薄片得以改进。
在一供选择的方法中,用来支承和增强含精制纤维的吸收芯的斯克林布可包括毛细管道纤维。这种斯克林布包括重量约80%的毛细管道纤维和重量约20%的一种纤维,该纤维熔点低于毛细管道纤维。如KODEL纤维很适宜。斯克林布按照标准方式制备,即通过加热将低熔点纤维部分熔化,冷却使之粘合到斯克林布上。
如所述,精制吸收纤维层放置到斯克林布上。形成的结构然后进行定位以便斯克林布按流体流动方式与最终吸收制品上层薄片接触。
现已详细描述了本发明,所包括的其它一些要点由构形考虑。应了解的是当毛细管道纤维选用作斯克林布时,它被湿法成网到一纤维吸收芯上,则毛细管道纤维表面的一些表面活性剂能被冲掉。这可通过涂覆附加的表面活性剂如PEGOSPERSE来代替。
还应知道,含有上述精制,卷曲纤维的吸收结构,其使用中的完整性可利用各种方式增强。如,可采用超声或热粘合,特别是与精制纤维混合一起使用的10~15%重量热塑性纤维时(如KODEL410聚酯)更是如此。在另一方法中,各种点粘合方式用于将底层薄片固定到芯部上,特别是系接内裤粘合剂的那些区域可使用点粘合方式。
最后,应了解的是这里的优选制品能使用开槽或部分开槽的吸收芯,卷曲的毛细管道纤维以及其它可延展的部件,它们一道给本制品提供一定程度的延展性(按次序为15%~40%)。当制品固定到穿戴者的内裤时,这种延展性提供了使用舒适,污染小的特点。
在另一方法中,毛细管道纤维层中心部分被皱裥成小的“起圈”(“loop”)或“簇绒”(“tuft”)。该起圈或簇绒从毛细管道纤维层向上延伸与上层薄片牢固接触。此外,起圈或簇绒放置在整个制品的中心部,以便它能将流体迅速转移和传送到毛细管道纤维层的其余部分,然后进入制品的储液层。该“起圈”或“簇绒”的优点不仅在于将毛细管道纤维在流体冲击到制品处集中,而且将含有起圈或簇绒的毛细管道纤维基本上按向上Z-方向取向,所以增强了制品的向下Z方向的流体运动。下面实施例用来说明具有基本在中心和Z-方向毛细管道纤维簇绒的吸收制品。
                    实施例15
这里公开的这类毛细管道纤维层(6-英寸长)在其中心部被皱裥以形成一个稍升高的椭园“簇绒”,大致尺寸为:2-3英寸(X-方向);1.5英寸(Y-方向最宽处);以及5毫米-10毫米(Z方向)。簇绒纤维束可采用任何常规方法维持其簇绒构形。簇绒一般穿过薄纸片或亲水聚合物片中的隔水槽。使用此处公开的步骤,簇绒化纤维束被装配进吸收制品,该簇绒安置在上层薄片的大致中心位置并与上层薄片紧密接触,见上述内容。用作卫生巾时,制品被固定以使簇绒达到最大流体吸收量。在另一方法中,簇绒中起圈纤维未端被切断从而提供绒状的Z方向未端开口毛细管道纤维束。在另一实施例中,含有簇绒底的毛细管道纤维层被完全或部分地放置于制品吸收芯中,而不是芯的上部。后一实施例的芯可以包括两层精制纤维薄片。该纤维具有一个胶凝吸收材料(AGM)中间层。在簇绒底的毛细管纤维层可被滑入AGM层。
毛细管道纤维可以利用各种粘接方法成形为稳定薄片,它易于制成吸收制品,例如,大约20%-30%重量的聚酯热塑性纤维(如KODEL410)与毛细管道纤维掺合,形成的纤维薄片直接进行热处理或通空气热处理。
精制卷曲纤维素纤维可以利用各种粘接方法成形为稳定薄片,它易于制造成吸收制品。如,约7%~15%重量的聚酯热塑性纤维(如KODEL410)与精制卷曲纤维素纤维掺合,形成的纤维薄片直接进行通空气热处理或超声粘接。
在毛细管道纤维层或吸收芯层或上述两层中掺入附加的热塑性纤维除可提供除上述薄片稳定性外,还有其它许多优越性。具体地说,芯部或毛细管道纤维层或两者上都存在热塑性纤维时,制造厂家便可在卫生巾或衬裤周边进行封口,该封口阻碍或完全阻止了流体在制品边缘溢出。
更具体地,上述类型的制品可这样制备;将含有热塑性纤维的精制卷曲纤维素纤维放置到标准塑料底层薄片上。从薄片的外缘向内侧约0.25英寸的位置,基本上连续超声粘接的0.15英寸左右宽度沿芯周边形成。这不仅获得了阻液封口,而且也将芯粘接到底层薄片上。
在一供选择的方法中,热塑性上层薄片,含热塑性上层薄片的芯和底层薄片都在周边或邻近周边处用超声波粘合。在另一方法中,含混合的热塑性纤维之毛细管道纤维层可类似地粘接到芯上(如果需要,亦可粘接到上层薄片上)。在另一方法中,热塑性纤维存在于芯和/或毛细管纤维层,这就使得点粘接可在横越制品的各个点上进行,从而,当制品变湿时便更加完善。
尽管那些熟悉流体输送物理性能的人知道本制品通常利用上层薄片,毛细管道纤维和芯之间的间隙差来建立Z-方向上引流压力梯度,但其它方法也可用来形成Z-方向液流梯度。例如,如果上层薄片中孔或间隙小于毛细管道纤维的宽度(该纤维内通道宽度为90微米时有利于输送较稠液体如月经),那么理想的压力梯度可以形成,如选用亲水性大于毛细管道纤维的上层薄片。
尽管前面已说明了精制纤维在常规衬垫型经期用品中的应用,但该纤维亦有其它用途。这里的精制纤维浆料“易于加工”(“workable”)和易于脱水。因此,上述浆料可以通入三维成形铸模,铸模设计成凸唇内的,外凹的或子宫帽类型的吸收性经期用器具。事实上,浆料可做成任意需要的组织形状(文献中有大量各种设计),包括适于阴道内使用的形状。

Claims (21)

1、一种湿法成网薄片,其特征在于包括单独卷曲纤维素纤维,所述纤维素纤维被机械精制使得至少大约30%所述纤维的平均长度是初始,未精制状态时长度的大约20%到大约40%,而初始,未精制纤维的平均长度范围为约1.6毫米到7毫米。
2、如权利要求1的薄片,其特征在于大约50%到大约90%精制纤维平均长度是大约0.25毫米到大约1.5毫米。
3、如权利要求1的薄片,其特征在于每立方厘米薄片平均含大约0.1克到0.15克所述精制纤维。
4、如权利要求2的薄片,其特征在于平均厚度是大约0.3毫米到大约2.4毫米。
5、如权利要求4的薄片,其特征在于经过湿法成网后用通空气干燥方式进行干燥。
6、一种卫生巾或衬裤包括一不可渗透流体的底层薄片,一可渗透流体的上层薄片和一插在所述上层薄片之间的吸收芯,所述芯包括权利要求5的薄片。
7、一种吸收结构,其特征在于包括一无纺斯克林布,其上用湿法成网附着一层单独卷曲纤维素纤维,所述纤维素纤维被机械精制以使至少大约30%所述纤维的平均长度是初始,未精制状态时长度的大约20%到大约40%,而初始,未精制纤维的平均长度范围为约1.6毫米到7毫米。
8、如权利要求7的结构,其特征在于大约50%到大约90%精制纤维的平均长度是大约0.25毫米到大约1.5毫米。
9、如权利要求8的结构,其特征在于每立方厘米所述湿法成网层平均含大约0.1克到0.15克所述精制纤维。
10、如权利要求9的结构,其特征在于所述纤维素纤维层的平均厚度是大约0.3毫米到大约2.4毫米。
11、如权利要求10的结构,其特征在于经过湿法成网后用通空气干燥方式进行干燥。
12、一种卫生巾或衬裤包括一不可渗透流体的底层薄片,一可渗透流体的上层薄片和一插在所述上层薄片和底层薄片之间的吸收芯,所述芯包括权利要求11的吸收结构。
13、一种吸收结构,其特征在于包括导流斯克林布,所述斯克林布包括含有外部毛细管道的纤维,其中单独卷曲纤维素纤维层用湿法成网附着到所述斯克林布上,所述纤维素纤维被机械地精制以便至少大约30%所述纤维的平均长度是初始,未精制状态时长度的大约20%到40%,而初始,未精制纤维的平均长度范围为约1.6毫米到7毫米。
14、如权利要求13的结构,其特征在于至少大约50%到大约90%精制纤维的平均长度是大约0.25毫米到大约1.5毫米。
15、如权利要求14的结构,其特征在于每立方厘米所述湿法成网层平均含大约0.1克到大约1.5克所述精制纤维。
16、如权利要求15的结构,其特征在于所述纤维素纤维层的平均厚度是大约0.25毫米到大约1.5毫米。
17、如权利要求16的结构,其特征在于经过湿法成网后用通空气干燥方式进行干燥。
18、如权利要求17的结构,其特征在于至少大约50%含毛细管道的纤维被定位以便其毛细管道位于结构的机械方向。
19、一种卫生巾或衬裤包括一不可渗透流体的底层薄片,一可渗透流体的上层薄片和一插在所述上层薄片和底层薄片之间的吸收芯,所述芯包括权利要求13的结构,所述结构被定位以便含毛细管道纤维的斯克林布与所述上层薄片紧密,传液接触。
20、如权利要求19的卫生巾或衬裤,其特征在于所述吸收芯在其斯克林布中具有至少大约50%的毛细管道纤维被适当放置以便毛细管道位于卫生巾或衬裤的机器方向。
21、一种凸唇内的,外凹的,或子宫帽型的三维形状经期用器具,其特征在于包括单独卷曲纤维素纤维,所述纤维素纤维被机械精制以便至少大约30%所述纤维的平均长度是初始,未精制状态时长度的大约20%到大约40%,而初始,未精制纤维的平均长度范围为约1.6毫米到7毫米。
CN92109765.4A 1991-07-23 1992-07-23 湿法成网薄片、卫生巾或衬裤、吸收结构和三维形状经期用器具 Expired - Fee Related CN1083039C (zh)

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IE922380A1 (en) 1993-01-27
DE69230008D1 (de) 1999-10-21
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WO1993002251A1 (en) 1993-02-04
KR100249602B1 (ko) 2000-03-15
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US5334176A (en) 1994-08-02
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HUT71544A (en) 1995-12-28
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TR26362A (tr) 1995-03-15
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PT8563T (pt) 1993-05-31
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