CN108299442B - 1,4-二硝胺基-3,6-二硝基吡唑[4,3-c]并吡唑脒基脲盐化合物 - Google Patents
1,4-二硝胺基-3,6-二硝基吡唑[4,3-c]并吡唑脒基脲盐化合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108299442B CN108299442B CN201810213522.8A CN201810213522A CN108299442B CN 108299442 B CN108299442 B CN 108299442B CN 201810213522 A CN201810213522 A CN 201810213522A CN 108299442 B CN108299442 B CN 108299442B
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- -1 urea salt compound Chemical class 0.000 title abstract description 18
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- DKXVJGYCJFUZAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-(1-nitramido-3,6-dinitropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyrazol-4-yl)nitramide Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])NN1N=C(C2=C1C(=NN2N[N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-] DKXVJGYCJFUZAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- SQSPRWMERUQXNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Guanylurea Chemical compound NC(=N)NC(N)=O SQSPRWMERUQXNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XHDNTANXZNDALL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,6-dinitropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyrazole-1,4-diamine Chemical compound NN1N=C(C2=C1C(=NN2N)[N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-] XHDNTANXZNDALL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazole Chemical compound C=1C=NNC=1 WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MOFINMJRLYEONQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].C=1C=CNC=1 Chemical compound [N].C=1C=CNC=1 MOFINMJRLYEONQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- DHSUAZBWVYNQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N C1=NN(C2=C1N(N=C2)[N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-] Chemical compound C1=NN(C2=C1N(N=C2)[N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-] DHSUAZBWVYNQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JYYOBHFYCIDXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid;hydrate Chemical compound O.OC(O)=O JYYOBHFYCIDXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
- C07D487/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D487/04—Ortho-condensed systems
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B25/00—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound
- C06B25/34—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound the compound being a nitrated acyclic, alicyclic or heterocyclic amine
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Nitrogen Condensed Heterocyclic Rings (AREA)
- Heterocyclic Carbon Compounds Containing A Hetero Ring Having Oxygen Or Sulfur (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种1,4‑二硝胺基‑3,6‑二硝基吡唑[4,3‑c]并吡唑脒基脲盐化合物,其结构式如(I)所示:
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种含能材料,具体涉及一种1,4-二硝胺基-3,6-二硝基吡唑[4,3-c]并吡唑脒基脲盐化合物。
背景技术
富氮含能材料因其分子结构中含有大量的C-N、N-N和C=N键,具有高正生成热、高热稳定性和优良的爆轰性能,因此,在高能材料、高能混合炸药和推进剂领域显示出了良好的前景,可应用于高能钝感炸药、小型推进系统固体燃料、无烟烟火剂、气体发生剂、无烟低温灭火剂。与传统的分子型含能化合物相比,唑类富氮含能离子盐由于其分子结构中引入含氮阴离子或阳离子而导致其具有更高的生成热和更高的密度,同时又保留了富氮杂环母体结构的高张力,使其成为一类独特的高氮含量含能化合物。含能离子盐与分子型含能化合物相比,具有较低的蒸汽压,对摩擦、撞击等刺激钝感,且富氮含能盐分解产物主要为大量清洁无污染的氮气,有利于提高混合炸药和推进剂的做功能力或比冲,对环境友好,其作为新型高能材料在工业和军事方面都具有更为广泛的应用前景。其中,含氮量较高(55%)的脒基脲阳离子经常被用来设计、合成新型富氮杂环含能盐化合物。
《3-硝基-1,2,4-三唑-5-酮脒基脲盐的合成与表征》,含能材料,2014,22(2):192-196一文公开了一种3-硝基-1,2,4-三唑-5-酮脒基脲盐的结构及性能,其结构如(II)所示:
经发明人计算,该化合物计算爆速为6683m/s,爆压为19.3GPa。但是该化合物能量较小。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是克服背景技术的不足和缺陷,提供一种能量较大的1,4-二硝胺基-3,6-二硝基吡唑[4,3-c]并吡唑脒基脲盐化合物。
本发明的1,4-二硝胺基-3,6-二硝基吡唑[4,3-c]并吡唑脒基脲盐化合物的合成路线如下:
以1,4-二氨基-3,6-二硝基吡唑[4,3-c]并吡唑为原料,首先与硝硫混酸反应生成1,4-二硝胺基-3,6-二硝基吡唑[4,3-c]并吡唑,然后与氢氧化钾、脒基脲硝酸盐发生复分解反应生成1,4-二硝胺基-3,6-二硝基吡唑[4,3-c]并吡唑脒基脲盐。
本发明的1,4-二硝胺基-3,6-二硝基吡唑[4,3-c]并吡唑脒基脲盐化合物,其结构式如(I)所示:
本发明的1,4-二硝胺基-3,6-二硝基吡唑[4,3-c]并吡唑脒基脲盐的合成方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)1,4-二硝胺基-3,6-二硝基吡唑[4,3-c]并吡唑的合成
室温下,将1,4-二氨基-3,6-二硝基吡唑[4,3-c]并吡唑、95%~98%(质量)浓硫酸加入反应瓶中,搅拌溶解后,冰盐浴冷却至-15℃~-10℃,缓慢滴加纯硝酸,控制体系温度不高于-10℃,加完后维持-15℃~-10℃反应2h,向体系中加入三氟乙酸,搅拌5min后,低温快速过滤、三氟乙酸洗涤、真空干燥得淡灰色固体1,4-二硝胺基-3,6-二硝基吡唑[4,3-c]并吡唑;其中纯硝酸的用量为每克1,4-二氨基-3,6-二硝基吡唑[4,3-c]并吡唑10.0~20.0mL,浓硫酸的用量为每克1,4-二氨基-3,6-二硝基吡唑[4,3-c]并吡唑50.0~100.0mL。
(2)1,4-二硝胺基-3,6-二硝基吡唑[4,3-c]并吡唑脒基脲盐的合成
室温下,依次将1,4-二硝胺基-3,6-二硝基吡唑[4,3-c]并吡唑、水和碳酸氢钠加入反应瓶中,搅拌至体系无气泡,加入脒基脲硝酸盐,升温至50℃反应1.5h,冷却、过滤、干燥得黄色固体1,4-二硝胺基-3,6-二硝基吡唑[4,3-c]并吡唑脒基脲盐;其中1,4-二硝胺基-3,6-二硝基吡唑[4,3-c]并吡唑与脒基脲硝酸盐的摩尔比为1:2.0~2.2。
本发明的优点:
本发明的1,4-二硝胺基-3,6-二硝基吡唑[4,3-c]并吡唑脒基脲盐化合物能量较大,其计算爆速为7690m/s,爆压为25.9GPa,对比文件的3-硝基-1,2,4-三唑-5-酮脒基脲盐的计算爆速为6683m/s,爆压为19.3GPa。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。
实施例1
(1)1,4-二硝胺基-3,6-二硝基吡唑[4,3-c]并吡唑的合成
室温下,将0.456g(2mmol)1,4-二氨基-3,6-二硝基吡唑[4,3-c]并吡唑、50.0mL浓硫酸加入反应瓶中,搅拌溶解后,冰盐浴冷却至-15℃~-10℃,缓慢滴加10.0mL 100%纯硝酸,控制体系温度不高于-10℃,加完后维持-15℃~-10℃反应2h,向体系中加入50.0mL冷的三氟乙酸,搅拌5min后,低温快速过滤、三氟乙酸洗涤、真空干燥得0.59g淡灰色固体1,4-二硝胺基-3,6-二硝基吡唑[4,3-c]并吡唑,收率为92.8%。
结构鉴定:
红外光谱:IR(KBr,cm-1),υ:3216,1633,1556,1422,1376,1359,1297,1187,1112,1056,926
核磁光谱:1H NMR(DMSO-d6,500MHz),δ:10.87(s,2H,2NH)
13C NMR(DMSO-d6,125MHz),δ:128.60,133.44
元素分析:分子式C4H2N10O8
理论值:C 15.10,H 0.63,N 44.03
实测值:C 15.21,H 0.54,N 44.15。
上述结构鉴定数据证实得到物质确实是1,4-二硝胺基-3,6-二硝基吡唑[4,3-c]并吡唑。
(2)1,4-二硝胺基-3,6-二硝基吡唑[4,3-c]并吡唑脒基脲盐的合成
室温下,依次将0.159g(0.5mmol)1,4-二硝胺基-3,6-二硝基吡唑[4,3-c]并吡唑、7.5mL水和0.088g(1.05mmol)碳酸氢钠加入反应瓶中,搅拌至体系无气泡,加入0.173g(1.05mmol)脒基脲硝酸盐,升温至50℃反应1.5h,冷却、过滤、干燥得0.22g黄色固体1,4-二硝胺基-3,6-二硝基吡唑[4,3-c]并吡唑脒基脲盐,收率为84.3%。
结构鉴定:
红外光谱:IR(KBr,cm-1),υ:3445,3354,3302,3197,1733,1694,1656,1592,1526,1492,1417,1380,1320,1283,1215,1130,1075,902
核磁光谱:1H NMR(DMSO-d6,500MHz),δ:7.13(s,4H,2NH2 +),8.04(s,8H,4NH2),9.60(s,2H,2NH)
13C NMR(DMSO-d6,125MHz),δ:128.49,133.20,154.80,155.82
元素分析:分子式C8H14N18O10
理论值:C 18.40,H 2.70,N 48.27
实测值:C 18.51,H 2.64,N 48.33。
上述结构鉴定数据证实得到物质确实是1,4-二硝胺基-3,6-二硝基吡唑[4,3-c]并吡唑脒基脲盐。
本发明1,4-二硝胺基-3,6-二硝基吡唑[4,3-c]并吡唑脒基脲盐的性能
(1)物化性能
外观:黄色固体
溶解度:易溶于二甲基亚砜、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺等;不溶于石油醚、正己烷、乙醚、甲醇、
水等
(2)爆轰性能
爆速:密度为1.71g/cm3,计算爆速为7690m/s K-J方程
爆压:密度为1.71g/cm3,计算爆压为25.9GPa K-J方程
生成热:密度为1.71g/cm3,计算生成热为105.6kJ/mol K-J方程
本发明的1,4-二硝胺基-3,6-二硝基吡唑[4,3-c]并吡唑脒基脲盐的用途
本发明的1,4-二硝胺基-3,6-二硝基吡唑[4,3-c]并吡唑脒基脲盐具有能量高、燃烧产物残渣少等优点,可广泛用于混合炸药和推进剂技术领域,也可应用于安全气囊中。
Claims (1)
1.一种1,4-二硝胺基-3,6-二硝基吡唑[4,3-c]并吡唑脒基脲盐化合物,其结构式如(I)所示:
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