CN108297508B - 导热板及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

导热板及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN108297508B
CN108297508B CN201810081890.1A CN201810081890A CN108297508B CN 108297508 B CN108297508 B CN 108297508B CN 201810081890 A CN201810081890 A CN 201810081890A CN 108297508 B CN108297508 B CN 108297508B
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廖志盛
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Ziitek Electronic Material & Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供一种导热板，包括位于上下表面的硬质层、位于硬质层之间且交替排列的导热层和柔性绝缘层，按重量百分比计，导热层包含环氧树脂34.8～50％、导热金属粉49.8～65％和着色粉0.1～0.2％。导热金属粉导热系数高，在导热板中主要起导热作用，环氧树脂变形收缩率小，稳定性好，且其对金属和非金属材料的表面具有优异的粘接强度，有助于提高导热层的整体粘合强度。柔性绝缘层可增强导热板的韧性和耐冲击性，且其绝缘的性能特点可为电池或电子产品等的使用提供安全保障。硬质层可增强导热板的结构强度，增强其耐磨性、耐腐蚀性能等。本发明提供的导热板，导热性能好、粘合强度大、柔韧性、绝缘性好、且结构强度高，可广泛应用于电池散热。

Description

导热板及其制备方法和应用
技术领域
本发明属于热传导技术领域，尤其涉及一种导热板及其制备方法。
背景技术
导热板广泛运用于发电机、风机、家用电器、通讯设备、电子产品、电池等多种产品设备中，在这些产品中，电池是生活中主要的功能用具。电池是将化学能转换为电能的装置，电池在工作过程中会产生大量的热量，若产生的热量无法及时散发，则有爆炸的风险，因此电池拥有良好的散热系统，直接关乎电池的使用安全。
目前现有的电池的散热主要是通过热对流的方式进行的，有两种设计方式，第一种是电池直接裸露在空气中，依靠空气的对流散热，第二种是将电池放在有很多栅格的箱子里，在箱子外安装风扇。这种热对流的散热方式，散热困难，散热时间长，很难达到电池散热的理想状态。此外，也有一部分电池采用热传导的散热方式，通过在电池上设置导热板的方式来增强电池的散热效率，然而，现有的导热板多数是通过改变导热板的结构、增大散热面积来改善电池的散热效率，其导热性能不高，结构复杂，柔性较差，与电池的贴合度不高，且在电压较高和电流较大时，导热板的结构强度会受到影响，导致其耐磨性能下降。
因此，亟需一种导热性能高，且结构强度高的导热板。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种导热性能好、柔韧性强且结构强度高的导热板及其制备方法。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供一种导热板，包括位于上下表面的硬质层、位于硬质层之间且交替排列的导热层和柔性绝缘层，按重量百分比计，所述导热层包含环氧树脂34.8～50％、导热金属粉49.8～65％和着色粉0.1～0.2％。
较佳地，所述环氧树脂为缩水甘油醚类环氧树脂、缩水甘油胺类环氧树脂、脂环族环氧树脂中的一种或多种。缩水甘油醚类环氧树脂是由含活泼氢的酚类或醇类与环氧氯丙烷缩聚而成的，主要有双酚A型环氧树脂和双酚F型环氧树脂等，缩水甘油醚类环氧树脂的结构中含有醚键，有助于提高树脂的粘附力，有利于增强导热层中各个组分的粘合强度。缩水甘油胺类环氧树脂，主要有二氨基二苯甲烷四缩水甘油胺和二缩水甘油基对氨基苯酚等，缩水甘油胺类环氧树脂的环氧当量高，交联密度大，耐热性能好。脂环族环氧树脂是由脂环族烯烃的双键经环氧化而制得的，例如二氧化双环戊二烯，脂环族环氧树脂具有较高的压缩与拉伸强度，其长期暴露在高温条件下仍能保持良好的力学性能。
较佳地，所述缩水甘油醚类环氧树脂为双酚A型环氧树脂。双酚A型环氧树脂即二酚基丙烷环氧树脂，其分子结构中的多种化学键和官能团对其性质有很大影响。双酚A型环氧树脂中分子主链上的醚键是极性基团，有助于提高粘附力，且醚键和C-C键结合使得大分子具有柔顺性，使得双酚A型环氧树脂在与导热金属粉和着色粉混合过程中，更容易混合均匀。此外，主链上的苯环，赋予双酚A型环氧树脂较强的耐热性，使其在较高温度下仍处于固化状态，一定程度上，可增强导热板的结构强度。
较佳地，所述导热金属粉为氧化铝粉、铜粉、镁粉中的一种或多种。
较佳地，所述着色粉为铁红、铁黄、钛白中的一种或多种。
较佳地，所述柔性绝缘层为玻璃纤维。玻璃纤维是性能优异的无机非金属材料，与有机纤维相比，玻璃纤维具有耐高温、电绝缘性好、抗拉强度高、耐腐蚀性强等优点。将玻璃纤维设置在导热板中，可增大导热板的韧性和绝缘性，提高导热板的贴合度和安全性。另外，玻璃纤维具有很好的隔音效果，电池等产品在工作时会产生一定的噪音，将玻璃纤维用于导热板，还可减弱电池等电子产品的工作噪音，带给用户更好、更舒适的体验。
较佳地，所述硬质层包括聚酰亚胺或PET。聚酰亚胺具有优良的机械性能、其热稳定性高、抗张强度大、且耐电压能力强，将其设置在导热板的最外层，可保证导热板在结构上的稳定，增强导热板耐电压性能，保证导热板即使在高温、高电压及高电流的使用环境中，仍具有很好的结构强度和结构稳定性。PET的耐磨性能好，可增强导热板的结构强度，提高导热板的耐摩擦能力，延长导热板的使用时长。
较佳地，所述导热板从上到下依次为所述硬质层、所述导热层、所述柔性绝缘层、所述导热层、所述柔性绝缘层、所述导热层、所述硬质层。
本发明还提供一种上述所述的导热板的制备方法，包括：
(1)先将所述环氧树脂和所述导热金属粉混合均匀，随后加入所述着色粉继续混合均匀得导热层的混合料；
(2)在压片成型机上依次设置所述硬质层、所述导热层与所述柔性绝缘层交替叠加、所述硬质层，进行压制形成所述导热板。具体地，导热层可将混合料通过刷涂、喷涂在硬质层或柔性绝缘层表面等方式形成。
本发明还提供一种上述所述导热板在电池中的应用。
本发明提供的导热板的导热层中，含有环氧树脂、导热金属粉和着色粉。其中，导热金属粉导热系数高，在导热板中主要起导热作用，增强导热板的导热性能，而环氧树脂由于分子结构中含有的环氧基团，使固化后的环氧树脂具有良好的物理、化学性质。环氧树脂介电性能良好，变形收缩率小，稳定性好，且其对金属和非金属材料的表面具有优异的粘接强度。在导热层中，环氧树脂作为基本材料，其优异的粘接强度有助于将导热金属粉和着色粉粘接到一起，提高导热层的整体粘合强度。此外，导热金属粉同时也具有增强环氧树脂机械强度的功能，两者结合可更加提高导热层的粘合强度和抗冲击强度。另，本发明提供的导热板还包括柔性绝缘层和硬质层，柔性绝缘层一方面可增强导热板的韧性和耐冲击性，另一方面其绝缘的性能特点可为电池或电子产品等的使用提供安全保障。硬质层设置于导热板的最外层，可增强导热板的结构强度，增强其耐磨性、耐腐蚀性能等。因此，本发明提供的导热板，导热性能好、粘合强度大、柔韧性好，且绝缘性好、结构强度高，可广泛应用于电子产品的散热。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例导热板结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为更好地说明本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果，下面将结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。需说明的是，下述实施所述方法是对本发明做的进一步解释说明，不应当作为对本发明的限制。
如图1所示，本发明提供的导热板，包括导热层1、柔性绝缘层2和硬质层3，导热层1、柔性绝缘层2和硬质层3构成的导热板为多层结构，从上至下依次为硬质层3、导热层1、柔性绝缘层2、导热层1、柔性绝缘层2、导热层1、硬质层3，按重量百分比计，导热层包含环氧树脂34.8～50％、导热金属粉49.8～65％和着色粉0.1～0.2％。其中，环氧树脂所占百分比具体可为：34.8％、35％、38％、40％、42％、45％、47％、49％、50％，导热金属粉所占百分比具体可为49.8％、50％、53％、55％、58％、60％、62％、65％，着色粉所占百分比具体可为0.1％、0.12％、0.14％、0.16％、0.18％、0.2％。
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步的说明。
实施例1
按重量百分比计，将双酚F型环氧树脂34.8％和氧化铝粉65％混合均匀后，随后加入0.2％的铁红继续混合得导热层的混合料。随后在压片成型机上依次设置聚酰亚胺膜、导热层、玻璃纤维、导热层、玻璃纤维和聚酰亚胺膜，设置好后，压制形成导热板，导热层可将混合料通过刷涂在硬质层表面而形成。
实施例2
按重量百分比计，将双酚A型环氧树脂50％和氧化铝粉49.8％混合均匀后，随后加入0.2％的铁红继续混合得导热层的混合料。随后在压片成型机上依次设置聚酰亚胺膜、导热层、玻璃纤维、导热层、玻璃纤维和聚酰亚胺膜，设置好后，压制形成导热板，导热层可将混合料通过刷涂在硬质层表面而形成。
实施例3至7以及对比例1至4，除各组份的成分和含量不同外，其他步骤均与实施例1和2相同。实施例3至7以及对比例1至4的各组份的成分及含量具体见表1。
表1各实施例及对比例成分及含量
Figure BDA0001560522040000051
对实施例1至7、对比例1至4制成的导热板的性能进行检测。
(1)导热系数测定
采用平板法进行测定，取同样大小的导热板试样，运用快速导热系数测定仪进行测定。
测定原理如下：
Figure BDA0001560522040000052
λ-导热系数，w/m·k
Q-通过给定尺寸试样的热流，W；
δ-试样厚度，m；
t1，t2-试样两等温表面温度，k；
A-有效传热面积，m2。
(2)弯曲强度检测
采用简支梁法进行测定，取同样大小的导热板试样，将试样放在弯曲强度试验机的两支柱上，然后对两支柱间的试样施加集中载荷测定。测定完成后，运用下述公式计算各个导热板的弯曲强度。
Figure BDA0001560522040000053
Rf-弯曲强度，MPa；
M-在破坏荷重P处产生的最大弯矩；
W-截面矩量，断面为矩形时，
Figure BDA0001560522040000061
P-作用于试样的破坏荷重，N；
L-抗折夹具两支撑柱的中心距离，mm；
b-试样宽度，mm；
h-试样高度，mm。
(3)绝缘耐压测定
用绝缘耐压测定仪进行测定。
表2各实施例及对比例检测结果
实施例 导热系数(w/m·k) 弯曲强度(MPa) 绝缘耐压(kv)
实施例1 1.61 254 5.5
实施例2 1.5 235 5.5
实施例3 1.35 280 3
实施例4 1.5 291 3
实施例5 1.44 285 3
实施例6 1.49 225 5.5
实施例7 1.49 238 5.5
对比例1 1.18 174 2
对比例2 1.21 201 2
对比例3 1.36 180 3.5
对比例4 1.38 162 3.2
由表2可以看出，所有实施例的导热系数均高于对比例。其中，由于实施例2与对比例3、4中导热层的组分和含量一致，三者间的导热系数相差不大。其他实施例中，导热金属粉的含量均高于对比例，因此，其导热系数也高。
比较实施例1、2、6、7与对比例3的绝缘耐压值和弯曲强度，结果显示，实施例1、2、6、7的绝缘耐压值和弯曲强度均高于对比例3。实施例1、2、6、7中柔性绝缘层为玻璃纤维，对比例3中柔性绝缘层为碳纤维，说明玻璃纤维与碳纤维相比，玻璃纤维不仅可以增强导热板的韧性，也可以增强导热板的绝缘耐电压能力，其原因可能是由于碳纤维不具有绝缘性。
比较实施例1、2、6、7与实施例3、4、5，结果显示，实施例1、2、6、7的绝缘耐电压能力高于实施例3、4、5，其原因可能是因为硬质层中的聚酰亚胺含有酰亚胺环，导致聚酰亚胺耐电压性能高于PET。
比较实施例3、4、5与对比例4的弯曲强度，结果显示，实施例3、4、5的弯曲强度均高于对比例4。实施例3、4、5中含有硬质层PET，而对比例4中不含有硬质层，说明硬质层PET可以增强导热板的弯曲强度。
最后应当说明的是，以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对本发明保护范围的限制，尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明作了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换，而不脱离本发明技术方案的实质和范围。

Claims (8)

1.一种导热板，其特征在于，从上到下依次为硬质层、导热层、柔性绝缘层、导热层、柔性绝缘层、导热层、硬质层，按重量百分比计，所述导热层包含环氧树脂34.8~50%、导热金属粉49.8~65%和着色粉0.1~0.2%，所述导热金属粉为氧化铝粉、铜粉、镁粉中的一种或多种。
2.如权利要求1所述的导热板，其特征在于，所述环氧树脂为缩水甘油醚类环氧树脂、缩水甘油胺类环氧树脂、脂环族环氧树脂中的一种或多种。
3.如权利要求2所述的导热板，其特征在于，所述缩水甘油醚类环氧树脂为双酚A型环氧树脂。
4.如权利要求1所述的导热板，其特征在于，所述着色粉为铁红、铁黄、钛白中的一种或多种。
5.如权利要求1所述的导热板，其特征在于，所述柔性绝缘层为玻璃纤维。
6.如权利要求1所述的导热板，其特征在于，所述硬质层包括聚酰亚胺或PET。
7.如权利要求1-6任一项所述的导热板的制备方法，其特征在于，包括：
（1）先将所述环氧树脂和所述导热金属粉混合均匀，随后加入所述着色粉继续混合均匀得导热层的混合料；
（2）在压片成型机上依次设置所述硬质层、所述导热层与所述柔性绝缘层交替叠加、所述硬质层，进行压制形成所述导热板。
8.如权利要求1-6任一项所述导热板在电池中的应用。
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