CN108293922A - A kind of cultural method improving selenium-rich grass carp survival rate - Google Patents
A kind of cultural method improving selenium-rich grass carp survival rate Download PDFInfo
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- CN108293922A CN108293922A CN201810098778.9A CN201810098778A CN108293922A CN 108293922 A CN108293922 A CN 108293922A CN 201810098778 A CN201810098778 A CN 201810098778A CN 108293922 A CN108293922 A CN 108293922A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/51—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of gastropods, e.g. abalones or turban snails
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/26—Meliaceae [Chinaberry or Mahogany family], e.g. mahogany, langsat or neem
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/40—Liliopsida [monocotyledons]
- A01N65/48—Zingiberaceae [Ginger family], e.g. ginger or galangal
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/30—Oligoelements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/30—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by encapsulating; by coating
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of cultural methods improving selenium-rich grass carp survival rate, include the following steps:(1) aquaculture pond management:The soil for cultivating bottom of pond portion is ploughed deeply into 25~30cm, exposure 15d, the spray disinfectant in aquaculture pond, exposure 3d again, then the water that depth is 0.2~0.4m is injected into aquaculture pond, after the 60~90d of plantation water plant of aquaculture pond bottom, puts crab and river snail in a suitable place to breed in aquaculture pond, then water level in aquaculture pond is increased to 1.2~1.5m, finally puts selenium-rich grass carp seedling in a suitable place to breed according to the specification of 5000 tails/mu;(2) fry epidemic prevention management;(3) management is fed.The technological means that the present invention uses can use the efficient breeding selenium rich grass carp of the ecosystem, it can not only can improve the survival rate of selenium-rich grass carp, increase the yield of selenium-rich grass carp, the disease resistance of selenium-rich grass carp can also be improved, improve the water quality of culturing pool, it can be widely applied for a long time, there is large market application value.
Description
【Technical field】
The present invention relates to the cultivation field of selenium-rich grass carp, more particularly to a kind of cultivation side for improving selenium-rich grass carp survival rate
Method.
【Background technology】
Selenium is a kind of indispensable trace element of maintenance human normal function, and human body selenium deficiency can lead to the production of various diseases
It is raw.Modern scientific research proves, selenium have it is anti-oxidant, enhance human immunity, effectively remove human body Harmful Waste, promote human body
The effect of health, anti-aging.In general, everyone daily normal intake of selenium is not lower than 50 micrograms, and the selenium of common fruit contains
It measures extremely low, cannot be satisfied human normal needs.National 72% area belongs to selenium deficiency or low selenium area, 2/3 or more population difference journey
Degree there are selenium insufficiency of intakes.Selenium deficiency crowd can lead to angiocardiopathy, hypertension, hepatopathy, myopia, asthma, tumour, cancer etc.
Occur.
Selenium-rich grass carp is one of main freshwater breed variety, has many advantages, such as that growth is fast, meat flavour is delicious, selenium-rich grass
Fish is herbivore, is the improved seeds that many raisers like cultivation, but the selenium-rich that common cultural method cultivates out is careless
The survival rate of fish is low, and yield is not high, can all cause huge economic loss to raiser every year.Therefore, it is rich to study a kind of raising
The cultural method of selenium grass carp survival rate has for developing the market value of selenium-rich grass carp, widening the consumer group of selenium-rich grass carp
Large market promotional value meaning.
【Invention content】
Present invention aims at a kind of cultural method improving selenium-rich grass carp survival rate is provided, which, which first passes through, is cultivating
Pond is disinfected, and is then descended cultivation water plant, crab and river snail in aquaculture pond, is made to form the other biological species of fish-water plant-in aquaculture pond
The ecosystem, increase selenium-rich grass carp survival rate, improve selenium-rich grass carp breeding efficiency;Then epidemic prevention pipe is carried out to fry
Reason improves the premunition of selenium-rich grass carp;Finally by the technological means for feeding selenium-rich fish meal, the yield of selenium-rich grass carp is improved.
The technological means that the present invention uses can use the efficient breeding selenium rich grass carp of the ecosystem, can not only can improve selenium-rich grass carp
Survival rate, the yield for increasing selenium-rich grass carp, moreover it is possible to which the disease resistance for improving selenium-rich grass carp improves the water quality of culturing pool, can grow
Phase is widely applied, and has large market application value.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:A kind of cultivation improving selenium-rich grass carp survival rate
Method includes the following steps:
(1) aquaculture pond management:The soil for cultivating bottom of pond portion is ploughed deeply into 25~30cm, exposure 15d, sprays and disappears in aquaculture pond
Venom, then exposure 3d, then into aquaculture pond inject depth be 0.2~0.4m water, aquaculture pond bottom plant water plant 60~
After 90d, crab and river snail are put in a suitable place to breed in aquaculture pond, water level in aquaculture pond is then increased to 1.2~1.5m, finally according to 5000
The specification of tail/mu puts selenium-rich grass carp seedling in a suitable place to breed;
(2) fry epidemic prevention management:Bactericidal liquid is sprayed in aquaculture pond every 5d, once finding sick fish, is immediately collected sick fish
In isolation cultivation is carried out in isolation tank, be isolated cultivate during, daily by selenium-rich grass carp be placed in thimerosal impregnate 10~
15min;
(3) management is fed:The selenium-rich fish meal that different proportion is fed by the weight stage of selenium-rich grass carp, when fish body weight is 50
When~200g, the amount for feeding selenium-rich fish meal daily is the 3~5% of fish body weight, daily to throw when fish body weight is 200~500g
The amount for feeding selenium-rich fish meal is the 7~10% of fish body weight, when fish body weight is 500~2000g, feeds selenium-rich fish meal daily
Amount is the 2~4% of fish body weight.
In the present invention, as further explanation, the thimerosal described in step (1) or step (2) is prepared by following methods:
It counts in parts by weight, after 10~30 parts of bitter fruit leafs and 4~10 parts of ginger choppings, 200~300 parts of deionized waters is added, in work(
After rate is ultrasonically treated 30~40min under conditions of being 500~800W, it is subsequently placed into supercritical fluid instrument, is passed through carbon dioxide
Gas carries out 5~10min of supercritical extract, collects aqueous extract, after vacuum distillation, be sterilized liquid.
In the present invention, as further explanation, the breeding density of the crab described in step (1) is 50/mu.
In the present invention, as further explanation, the breeding density of the river snail described in step (1) is 50~100/mu.
In the present invention, as further explanation, bactericidal liquid described in step (2) is by by weight being 1~2:1~2:
500~1000 acetic acid bacteria, the chitosan acetic acid solution that mass fraction is 0.1% and deionized water mix.
In the present invention, as further explanation, the selenium-rich fish meal described in step (3) is prepared by following methods:By weight
Number meter is measured, by 15~25 parts of green tea powders, 20~35 parts of wheat brans, 3~5 parts of mushroom powders, 13~25 portions of corn flour, 3~8 parts of fat
Fat, 10~17 parts of sweet potato powders, 5~13 parts of black sesame powders, 5~15 parts of fish meal, 15~30 parts of tall bottle with spout Hairy Bittercress powder, 3 portions of salt and 3
~5 parts of honey after mixing, are added 300~500 parts of deionized waters, are stirred with the speed of 1000~2000r/min, together
When sodium alginate soln instilled with the speed of 2mL/min, continue 15~25min of stirring after titration, it is dry finally to carry out spraying
After dry, compression molding obtains selenium-rich fish meal.
The function introduction of part material is as follows:
Bitter fruit leaf is used as preparing the raw material of thimerosal in the present invention.
Ginger is used as preparing the raw material of thimerosal in the present invention.
Acetic acid bacteria is used as improving the antibacterial ability of selenium-rich grass carp digestive system in the present invention.
Chitosan acetic acid solution has broad-spectrum bactericidal action, is used as preparing the primary raw material of bactericidal liquid in the present invention.
Green tea powder, mushroom powder, sweet potato powder, black sesame powder and tall bottle with spout Hairy Bittercress powder, the organic selenium containing high-content,
It is used as preparing the main source of selenium element in selenium-rich fish meal in the present invention.
Wheat bran, corn flour are used to provide abundant protein, amino acid, vitamin, trace element in the present invention.
Fish meal, in the present invention for providing abundant protein and calcium constituent.
Salt and honey, in the present invention, honey are the raw material for preparing selenium-rich fish meal, are mainly used for adjusting the suitable of feed
Mouth property.
Sodium alginate is used as preparing the membrane material of selenium-rich fish meal in the present invention, for coating in selenium-rich fish meal
Other raw materials.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. the present invention is using while breeding selenium rich grass carp, plantation water plant and cultivation crab, river snail are being supported in aquaculture pond
The ecological recycle system for constructing the other biological species of fish-water plant-in pond is grown, the survival rate of selenium-rich grass carp, Jin Erti are greatly improved
Rise the yield of selenium-rich grass carp.The present invention in aquaculture pond by planting water plant, the oxygen that can be generated by the photosynthesis of water plant,
So that the dissolved oxygen in aquaculture pond is increased, meet the requirement high to dissolved oxygen content of selenium-rich grass carp, improves supporting for selenium-rich grass carp
Grow efficiency;On the other hand, by cultivating crab in aquaculture pond, the natural enemy of small grass carp can be increased, that improves small grass carp stress
Property, and then improve the activity of grass carp in the breeding process;And river snail can ingest the excrement of fish, reduce fish excrement for supporting
The pollution of water is grown, while river snail is alternatively big grass carp and provides abundant protein, reduces the cost for feeding feed;Selenium-rich grass carp
Excreta can also provide abundant nutriment for the growth of water plant, in aquaculture pond crab and river snail provide and inhabit ring
Border promotes the formation of ecological environment in aquaculture pond.Mutually promoting and mutually restrict between this three, is configured to adult fish-water plant-
The ecological recycle system of other biological species, generated total effect significantly larger than individually cultivation or two-by-two cultivation caused by
The simple summation of effect.
2. the thimerosal that the present invention uses can not only effectively kill selenium-rich grass carp surface and internal harmful levels of pathogens, also
The germ in aquaculture pond can be efficiently killed, the breeding environment of selenium-rich grass carp is purified.The present invention uses supercritical carbon dioxide conduct
Extractant extracts bitter fruit leaf and Jiang Jinhang, using supercritical carbon dioxide for the super of polar substances and apolar substance
Strong solvability extracts the active principles such as the nimbin in bitter fruit leaf, the gingerol in ginger.And nimbin, ginger are peppery
Element can kill G+ bacteria and negative bacterium, and then can improve the disease resistance of selenium-rich grass carp;And gingerol is also
The oxidation that can prevent other nutriments keeps the validity of substance.Thimerosal in the present invention can efficiently kill germ,
The total disease resisting effect generated is significantly larger than the simple adduction of disease resisting effect caused by single ingredient.
3. selenium-rich fish meal prepared by the present invention is not only rich in selenium element, also contain abundant protein, vitamin and micro-
Secondary element, meet selenium-rich grass carp in growth course to selenium element, protein, vitamin and trace element the needs of, Jin Erti
The yield of selenium-enriched grass carp.Green tea powder, mushroom powder, sweet potato powder, black sesame powder in the present invention and tall bottle with spout Hairy Bittercress powder, contain
The organic selenium of high-content is used as preparing the main source of selenium element in selenium-rich fish meal in the present invention;Wheat bran, corn flour
Abundant protein, amino acid, vitamin, trace element can be provided;Fish meal can provide abundant protein and calcium constituent;And it eats
Salt and honey are mainly used for adjusting the palatability of feed.Sodium alginate is used as preparing the membrane material of selenium-rich fish meal, for coating
Other raw materials in selenium-rich fish meal.To sum up, above-mentioned taken various raw materials are cooperated, mutually promote, are passed layer by layer
Into, it is indispensable, improve the yield of selenium-rich grass carp jointly, total effect of generation is significantly larger than the effect acquired by single raw material
The simple adduction of fruit.
【Specific implementation mode】
Embodiment 1:
1. early-stage preparations:
The preparation of thimerosal:It counts in parts by weight, after 10 parts of bitter fruit leafs and 4 parts of ginger choppings, 200 parts of deionizations is added
Water is subsequently placed into supercritical fluid instrument after being ultrasonically treated 30min under conditions of power is 500W, is passed through carbon dioxide gas
Body carries out supercritical extract 5min, collects aqueous extract, after vacuum distillation, be sterilized liquid.
The preparation of bactericidal liquid:It counts in parts by weight, the chitosan second for being 0.1% by~2 parts of acetic acid bacterias, 1 part of mass fraction
Acid solution and 500 parts of deionized waters after mixing, obtain bactericidal liquid.
The preparation of selenium-rich fish meal:It counts in parts by weight, by 15 parts of green tea powders, 20 parts of wheat brans, 3 parts of mushroom powders, 13 parts of jade
Rice flour, 3 parts of fat, 10 parts of sweet potato powders, 5 parts of black sesame powders, 5 parts of fish meal, 15 parts of tall bottle with spout Hairy Bittercress powder, 3 portions of salt and 3 parts of honey
After mixing, 300 parts of deionized waters are added, are stirred with the speed of 1000r/min, while being dripped with the speed of 2mL/min
Enter sodium alginate soln, continues to stir 15min after titration, after being finally spray-dried, compression molding obtains selenium-rich fish
Feed.
The substance that above-mentioned early period is prepared is used for following cultural methods.
2. a kind of cultural method improving selenium-rich grass carp survival rate, includes the following steps:
(1) aquaculture pond management:The soil for cultivating bottom of pond portion is ploughed deeply into 25cm, exposure 15d, the spray disinfectant in aquaculture pond
Then liquid, then exposure 3d inject the water that depth is 0.2m into aquaculture pond, after the plantation water plant 60d of aquaculture pond bottom, toward cultivation
It puts crab and river snail in pond in a suitable place to breed, water level in aquaculture pond is then increased to 1.2m, finally put richness in a suitable place to breed according to the specification of 5000 tails/mu
Selenium grass carp seedling;The breeding density of the crab is 50/mu;The breeding density of the river snail is 50/mu;
(2) fry epidemic prevention management:Bactericidal liquid is sprayed in aquaculture pond every 5d, once finding sick fish, is immediately collected sick fish
In isolation cultivation is carried out in isolation tank, be isolated cultivate during, daily by selenium-rich grass carp be placed in thimerosal impregnate 10~
15min;
(3) management is fed:The selenium-rich fish meal that different proportion is fed by the weight stage of selenium-rich grass carp, when fish body weight is 50
When~200g, the amount for feeding selenium-rich fish meal daily is the 3% of fish body weight, when fish body weight is 200~500g, feeds richness daily
The amount of selenium fish meal is the 7% of fish body weight, and when fish body weight is 500~2000g, the amount for feeding selenium-rich fish meal daily is fish body
The 2% of weight.
Embodiment 2:
1. early-stage preparations:
The preparation of thimerosal:It counts in parts by weight, after 14 parts of bitter fruit leafs and 5 parts of ginger choppings, 230 parts of deionizations is added
Water is subsequently placed into supercritical fluid instrument after being ultrasonically treated 33min under conditions of power is 600W, is passed through carbon dioxide gas
Body carries out supercritical extract 7min, collects aqueous extract, after vacuum distillation, be sterilized liquid.
The preparation of bactericidal liquid:It counts in parts by weight, the chitosan for being 0.1% by 1.2 parts of acetic acid bacterias, 1.3 parts of mass fractions
Acetic acid solution and 800 parts of deionized waters after mixing, obtain bactericidal liquid.
The preparation of selenium-rich fish meal:It counts in parts by weight, by 18 parts of green tea powders, 23 parts of wheat brans, 4 parts of mushroom powders, 15 parts of jade
Rice flour, 4 parts of fat, 13 parts of sweet potato powders, 8 parts of black sesame powders, 10 parts of fish meal, 20 parts of tall bottle with spout Hairy Bittercress powder, 3 portions of salt and 3.5 parts
Honey after mixing, is added 370 parts of deionized waters, is stirred with the speed of 1200r/min, while with the speed of 2mL/min
Degree instills sodium alginate soln, continues to stir 20min after titration, after being finally spray-dried, compression molding obtains richness
Selenium fish meal.
The substance that above-mentioned early period is prepared is used for following cultural methods.
2. a kind of cultural method improving selenium-rich grass carp survival rate, includes the following steps:
(1) aquaculture pond management:The soil for cultivating bottom of pond portion is ploughed deeply into 26cm, exposure 15d, the spray disinfectant in aquaculture pond
Then liquid, then exposure 3d inject the water that depth is 0.25m into aquaculture pond, past to support after the plantation water plant 70d of aquaculture pond bottom
It grows and puts crab and river snail in pond in a suitable place to breed, water level in aquaculture pond is then increased to 1.4m, finally put in a suitable place to breed according to the specification of 5000 tails/mu
Selenium-rich grass carp seedling;The breeding density of the crab is 50/mu;The breeding density of the river snail is 80/mu;
(2) fry epidemic prevention management:Bactericidal liquid is sprayed in aquaculture pond every 5d, once finding sick fish, is immediately collected sick fish
In isolation cultivation is carried out in isolation tank, be isolated cultivate during, selenium-rich grass carp is placed in thimerosal impregnates 12min daily;
(3) management is fed:The selenium-rich fish meal that different proportion is fed by the weight stage of selenium-rich grass carp, when fish body weight is 50
When~200g, the amount for feeding selenium-rich fish meal daily is the 3.5% of fish body weight, when fish body weight is 200~500g, is fed daily
The amount of selenium-rich fish meal is the 8% of fish body weight, and when fish body weight is 500~2000g, the amount for feeding selenium-rich fish meal daily is fish
The 2.5% of weight.
Embodiment 3:
1. early-stage preparations:
The preparation of thimerosal:It counts in parts by weight, after 20 parts of bitter fruit leafs and 7 parts of ginger choppings, 240 parts of deionizations is added
Water is subsequently placed into supercritical fluid instrument after being ultrasonically treated 33min under conditions of power is 700W, is passed through carbon dioxide gas
Body carries out supercritical extract 8min, collects aqueous extract, after vacuum distillation, be sterilized liquid.
The preparation of bactericidal liquid:It counts in parts by weight, the chitosan for being 0.1% by 1.5 parts of acetic acid bacterias, 1.4 parts of mass fractions
Acetic acid solution and 900 parts of deionized waters after mixing, obtain bactericidal liquid.
The preparation of selenium-rich fish meal:It counts in parts by weight, by 22 parts of green tea powders, 30 parts of wheat brans, 4 parts of mushroom powders, 20 parts of jade
Rice flour, 4 parts of fat, 12 parts of sweet potato powders, 9 parts of black sesame powders, 8 parts of fish meal, 22 parts of tall bottle with spout Hairy Bittercress powder, 3 portions of salt and 4.5 parts of bees
Honey after mixing, is added 420 parts of deionized waters, is stirred with the speed of 1700r/min, while with the speed of 2mL/min
Sodium alginate soln is instilled, continues to stir 21min after titration, after being finally spray-dried, compression molding obtains selenium-rich
Fish meal.
The substance that above-mentioned early period is prepared is used for following cultural methods.
2. a kind of cultural method improving selenium-rich grass carp survival rate, includes the following steps:
(1) aquaculture pond management:The soil for cultivating bottom of pond portion is ploughed deeply into 29cm, exposure 15d, the spray disinfectant in aquaculture pond
Then liquid, then exposure 3d inject the water that depth is 0.25m into aquaculture pond, past to support after the plantation water plant 80d of aquaculture pond bottom
It grows and puts crab and river snail in pond in a suitable place to breed, water level in aquaculture pond is then increased to 1.4m, finally put in a suitable place to breed according to the specification of 5000 tails/mu
Selenium-rich grass carp seedling;The breeding density of the crab is 50/mu;The breeding density of the river snail is 70/mu;
(2) fry epidemic prevention management:Bactericidal liquid is sprayed in aquaculture pond every 5d, once finding sick fish, is immediately collected sick fish
In isolation cultivation is carried out in isolation tank, be isolated cultivate during, selenium-rich grass carp is placed in thimerosal impregnates 11min daily;
(3) management is fed:The selenium-rich fish meal that different proportion is fed by the weight stage of selenium-rich grass carp, when fish body weight is 50
When~200g, the amount for feeding selenium-rich fish meal daily is the 4% of fish body weight, when fish body weight is 200~500g, feeds richness daily
The amount of selenium fish meal is the 9% of fish body weight, and when fish body weight is 500~2000g, the amount for feeding selenium-rich fish meal daily is fish body
The 3.5% of weight.
Embodiment 4:
1. early-stage preparations:
The preparation of thimerosal:It counts in parts by weight, after 25 parts of bitter fruit leafs and 5 parts of ginger choppings, 260 parts of deionizations is added
Water is subsequently placed into supercritical fluid instrument after being ultrasonically treated 31min under conditions of power is 750W, is passed through carbon dioxide gas
Body carries out supercritical extract 9min, collects aqueous extract, after vacuum distillation, be sterilized liquid.
The preparation of bactericidal liquid:It counts in parts by weight, the chitosan for being 0.1% by 1.6 parts of acetic acid bacterias, 1.5 parts of mass fractions
Acetic acid solution and 900 parts of deionized waters after mixing, obtain bactericidal liquid.
The preparation of selenium-rich fish meal:It counts in parts by weight, by 21 parts of green tea powders, 34 parts of wheat brans, 4 parts of mushroom powders, 23 parts of jade
Rice flour, 5 parts of fat, 13 parts of sweet potato powders, 10 parts of black sesame powders, 12 parts of fish meal, 27 parts of tall bottle with spout Hairy Bittercress powder, 3 portions of salt and 3.5 parts
Honey after mixing, is added 460 parts of deionized waters, is stirred with the speed of 1500r/min, while with the speed of 2mL/min
Degree instills sodium alginate soln, continues to stir 21min after titration, after being finally spray-dried, compression molding obtains richness
Selenium fish meal.
The substance that above-mentioned early period is prepared is used for following cultural methods.
2. a kind of cultural method improving selenium-rich grass carp survival rate, includes the following steps:
(1) aquaculture pond management:The soil for cultivating bottom of pond portion is ploughed deeply into 26cm, exposure 15d, the spray disinfectant in aquaculture pond
Then liquid, then exposure 3d inject the water that depth is 0.35m into aquaculture pond, in aquaculture pond bottom 7560~90d of plantation water plant
Afterwards, crab and river snail are put in a suitable place to breed in aquaculture pond, water level in aquaculture pond is then increased to 1.4m, finally according to 5000 tails/mu
Specification puts selenium-rich grass carp seedling in a suitable place to breed;The breeding density of the crab is 50/mu;The breeding density of the river snail be 80/
Mu;
(2) fry epidemic prevention management:Bactericidal liquid is sprayed in aquaculture pond every 5d, once finding sick fish, is immediately collected sick fish
In isolation cultivation is carried out in isolation tank, be isolated cultivate during, selenium-rich grass carp is placed in thimerosal impregnates 14min daily;
(3) management is fed:The selenium-rich fish meal that different proportion is fed by the weight stage of selenium-rich grass carp, when fish body weight is 50
When~200g, the amount for feeding selenium-rich fish meal daily is the 4.5% of fish body weight, when fish body weight is 200~500g, is fed daily
The amount of selenium-rich fish meal is the 8% of fish body weight, and when fish body weight is 500~2000g, the amount for feeding selenium-rich fish meal daily is fish
The 3.5% of weight.
Embodiment 5:
1. early-stage preparations:
The preparation of thimerosal:It counts in parts by weight, after 25 parts of bitter fruit leafs and 7 parts of ginger choppings, 260 parts of deionizations is added
Water is subsequently placed into supercritical fluid instrument after being ultrasonically treated 32min under conditions of power is 650W, is passed through carbon dioxide gas
Body carries out supercritical extract 7min, collects aqueous extract, after vacuum distillation, be sterilized liquid.
The preparation of bactericidal liquid:It counts in parts by weight, the chitosan for being 0.1% by 1.2 parts of acetic acid bacterias, 1.7 parts of mass fractions
Acetic acid solution and 900 parts of deionized waters after mixing, obtain bactericidal liquid.
The preparation of selenium-rich fish meal:It counts in parts by weight, by 1915~25 parts of green tea powders, 30 parts of wheat brans, 3.5 parts of mushrooms
Powder, 24 portions of corn flour, 7 parts of fat, 16 parts of sweet potato powders, 11 parts of black sesame powders, 11 parts of fish meal, 27 parts of tall bottle with spout Hairy Bittercress powder, 3 portions of foods
Salt and 4.5 parts of honey after mixing, are added 470 parts of deionized waters, are stirred with the speed of 1300r/min, while with
The speed of 2mL/min instills sodium alginate soln, continues to stir 21min after titration, after being finally spray-dried, molding
Molding, obtains selenium-rich fish meal.
The substance that above-mentioned early period is prepared is used for following cultural methods.
2. a kind of cultural method improving selenium-rich grass carp survival rate, includes the following steps:
(1) aquaculture pond management:The soil for cultivating bottom of pond portion is ploughed deeply into 29cm, exposure 15d, the spray disinfectant in aquaculture pond
Then liquid, then exposure 3d inject the water that depth is 0.3m into aquaculture pond, after the plantation water plant 85d of aquaculture pond bottom, toward cultivation
It puts crab and river snail in pond in a suitable place to breed, water level in aquaculture pond is then increased to 1.4m, finally put richness in a suitable place to breed according to the specification of 5000 tails/mu
Selenium grass carp seedling;The breeding density of the crab is 50/mu;The breeding density of the river snail is 70/mu;
(2) fry epidemic prevention management:Bactericidal liquid is sprayed in aquaculture pond every 5d, once finding sick fish, is immediately collected sick fish
In isolation cultivation is carried out in isolation tank, be isolated cultivate during, selenium-rich grass carp is placed in thimerosal impregnates 13min daily;
(3) management is fed:The selenium-rich fish meal that different proportion is fed by the weight stage of selenium-rich grass carp, when fish body weight is 50
When~200g, the amount for feeding selenium-rich fish meal daily is the 4% of fish body weight, when fish body weight is 200~500g, feeds richness daily
The amount of selenium fish meal is the 7.5% of fish body weight, and when fish body weight is 500~2000g, the amount for feeding selenium-rich fish meal daily is fish
The 3.5% of weight.
Embodiment 6:
1. early-stage preparations:
The preparation of thimerosal:Count in parts by weight, after 30 parts of bitter fruit leafs and the chopping of 10 portions of ginger, be added 300 parts go from
Sub- water is subsequently placed into supercritical fluid instrument after being ultrasonically treated 40min under conditions of power is 800W, is passed through carbon dioxide
Gas carries out supercritical extract 10min, collects aqueous extract, after vacuum distillation, be sterilized liquid.
The preparation of bactericidal liquid:It counts in parts by weight, the chitosan acetic acid for being 0.1% by 2 parts of acetic acid bacterias, 2 parts of mass fractions
Solution and 1000 parts of deionized waters after mixing, obtain bactericidal liquid.
The preparation of selenium-rich fish meal:It counts in parts by weight, by 25 parts of green tea powders, 35 parts of wheat brans, 5 parts of mushroom powders, 25 parts of jade
Rice flour, 8 parts of fat, 17 parts of sweet potato powders, 13 parts of black sesame powders, 15 parts of fish meal, 30 parts of tall bottle with spout Hairy Bittercress powder, 3 portions of salt and 5 parts of bees
Honey after mixing, is added 500 parts of deionized waters, is stirred with the speed of 2000r/min, while with the speed of 2mL/min
Sodium alginate soln is instilled, continues to stir 25min after titration, after being finally spray-dried, compression molding obtains selenium-rich
Fish meal.
The substance that above-mentioned early period is prepared is used for following cultural methods.
2. a kind of cultural method improving selenium-rich grass carp survival rate, includes the following steps:
(1) aquaculture pond management:The soil for cultivating bottom of pond portion is ploughed deeply into 30cm, exposure 15d, the spray disinfectant in aquaculture pond
Then liquid, then exposure 3d inject the water that depth is 0.4m into aquaculture pond, after the plantation water plant 90d of aquaculture pond bottom, toward cultivation
It puts crab and river snail in pond in a suitable place to breed, water level in aquaculture pond is then increased to 1.5m, finally put richness in a suitable place to breed according to the specification of 5000 tails/mu
Selenium grass carp seedling;The breeding density of the crab is 50/mu;The breeding density of the river snail is 100/mu;
(2) fry epidemic prevention management:Bactericidal liquid is sprayed in aquaculture pond every 5d, once finding sick fish, is immediately collected sick fish
In isolation cultivation is carried out in isolation tank, be isolated cultivate during, daily by selenium-rich grass carp be placed in thimerosal impregnate 10~
15min;
(3) management is fed:The selenium-rich fish meal that different proportion is fed by the weight stage of selenium-rich grass carp, when fish body weight is 50
When~200g, the amount for feeding selenium-rich fish meal daily is the 5% of fish body weight, when fish body weight is 200~500g, feeds richness daily
The amount of selenium fish meal is the 10% of fish body weight, and when fish body weight is 500~2000g, the amount for feeding selenium-rich fish meal daily is fish
The 4% of weight.
Comparative example 1:Specific steps, the raw material for improving the cultural method of selenium-rich grass carp survival rate are substantially the same manner as Example 1,
Difference is:Without planting water plant and putting crab, river snail in a suitable place to breed in step (1).
Comparative example 2:Specific steps, the raw material for improving the cultural method of selenium-rich grass carp survival rate are substantially the same manner as Example 1,
Difference is:Without using thimerosal in step (1) and step (2).
Comparative example 3:Specific steps, the raw material for improving the cultural method of selenium-rich grass carp survival rate are substantially the same manner as Example 1,
Difference is:The bactericidal liquid used in step (2) is ClO 2 solution.
Comparative example 4:The specific steps of the cultural method of selenium-rich grass carp, raw material are substantially the same manner as Example 1, and difference exists
In:The feed used in step (3) is the Chinese regular script board selenium-rich grass carp special feed sold on the market.
Contrast test 1:
The cultural method of comparative example 1-4 and embodiment 1-6 is respectively cultivated to 5000 tail selenium-rich grass carp 150 days, record cultivated
The yield of the survival rate of selenium-rich grass carp and record selenium-rich grass carp, calculates testing result, the results are shown in Table 1 in journey.
Table 1:
Table 1 the result shows that:Yield is higher, illustrates that this method can effectively improve the weight of selenium-rich grass carp, promotes selenium-rich
The growth of grass carp.The yield of comparative example 1 is minimum, the yield highest of embodiment 5, illustrates by planting water plant in aquaculture pond and putting
Crab, river snail are supported, can achieve the purpose that significantly improve selenium-rich grass carp yield;
Survival rate is higher, illustrates that this method can effectively improve the survival of selenium-rich grass carp, promotes the growth of selenium-rich grass carp.It is right
The survival rate of ratio 1 is minimum, the survival rate highest of embodiment 4, illustrates by planting water plant in aquaculture pond and putting crab, field in a suitable place to breed
Spiral shell can achieve the purpose that significantly improve selenium-rich grass carp survival rate.
Above description is the detailed description for the present invention preferably possible embodiments, but embodiment is not limited to this hair
Bright patent claim, it is all the present invention suggested by technical spirit under completed same changes or modifications change, should all belong to
In the covered the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of cultural method improving selenium-rich grass carp survival rate, it is characterised in that:Include the following steps:
(1) aquaculture pond management:The soil for cultivating bottom of pond portion is ploughed deeply into 25~30cm, exposure 15d, the spray disinfectant in aquaculture pond
Then liquid, then exposure 3d inject the water that depth is 0.2~0.4m into aquaculture pond, in aquaculture pond bottom 60~90d of plantation water plant
Afterwards, crab and river snail are put in a suitable place to breed in aquaculture pond, water level in aquaculture pond is then increased to 1.2~1.5m, finally according to 5000 tails/
The specification of mu puts selenium-rich grass carp seedling in a suitable place to breed;
(2) fry epidemic prevention management:Bactericidal liquid is sprayed in aquaculture pond every 5d, once finding sick fish, is immediately concentrated on sick fish
Isolation cultivation is carried out in isolation tank, and during cultivation is isolated, selenium-rich grass carp is placed on 10~15min of immersion in thimerosal daily;
(3) management is fed:The selenium-rich fish meal that different proportion is fed by the weight stage of selenium-rich grass carp, when fish body weight be 50~
When 200g, the amount for feeding selenium-rich fish meal daily is the 3~5% of fish body weight, when fish body weight is 200~500g, is fed daily
The amount of selenium-rich fish meal is the 7~10% of fish body weight, when fish body weight is 500~2000g, feeds the amount of selenium-rich fish meal daily
It is the 2~4% of fish body weight.
2. a kind of cultural method improving selenium-rich grass carp survival rate according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Step (1)
Or the thimerosal described in step (2) is prepared by following methods:It counts in parts by weight, by 10~30 parts of bitter fruit leafs and 4~10 parts
After ginger chopping, 200~300 parts of deionized waters are added, after being ultrasonically treated 30~40min under conditions of power is 500~800W,
It is subsequently placed into supercritical fluid instrument, is passed through carbon dioxide gas, carry out 5~10min of supercritical extract, collect aqueous extract,
After vacuum distillation, be sterilized liquid.
3. a kind of cultural method improving selenium-rich grass carp survival rate according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Step (1)
The breeding density of the crab is 50/mu.
4. a kind of cultural method improving selenium-rich grass carp survival rate according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Step (1)
The breeding density of the river snail is 50~100/mu.
5. a kind of cultural method improving selenium-rich grass carp survival rate according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Step (2)
The bactericidal liquid is by being 1~2 by weight:1~2:500~1000 acetic acid bacteria, the chitosan second that mass fraction is 0.1%
Acid solution and deionized water mix.
6. a kind of cultural method improving selenium-rich grass carp survival rate according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Step (3)
The selenium-rich fish meal is prepared by following methods:Count in parts by weight, by 15~25 parts of green tea powders, 20~35 parts of wheat brans, 3~
5 parts of mushroom powders, 13~25 portions of corn flour, 3~8 parts of fat, 10~17 parts of sweet potato powders, 5~13 parts of black sesame powders, 5~15 portions of fishes
After mixing, 300~500 parts of deionized waters are added in powder, 15~30 parts of tall bottle with spout Hairy Bittercress powder, 3 portions of salt and 3~5 parts of honey,
It is stirred with the speed of 1000~2000r/min, while sodium alginate soln is instilled with the speed of 2mL/min, titration finishes
After continue 15~25min of stirring, after being finally spray-dried, compression molding obtains selenium-rich fish meal.
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