CN108283660A - 青钱柳提取物及其制备和降血压的应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提出了一种青钱柳提取物及其制备方法和降血压的应用,一种青钱柳提取物的制备方法,包括(1)将青钱柳叶晒干、粉碎,过筛,得到青钱柳粉末;(2)与水混合,回流提取,冷却后过滤,弃去滤渣,蒸去水分,待用;(3)将步骤(2)的馏分与乙酸乙酯‑乙酸丁酯混合,微波萃取,分液,旋蒸除去溶剂,即得青钱柳提取物。取青钱柳提取物、绿萝花、天麻、黄芪、夏枯草、玉米须、酸枣仁制得降血压组合物。本发明所述青钱柳提取物能明显降低血压,将其作为主要组分获得的降血压中药组合物的降血压效果更优,为进一步开发青钱柳的中药药用价值指出了方向。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种青钱柳提取物及其制备和应用,尤其涉及该提取物在降血压中的应用,属于中医药领域。
背景技术
高血压是指以体循环动脉血压(收缩压和/或舒张压)增高为主要特征(收缩压≥140毫米汞柱,舒张压≥90毫米汞柱),可伴有心、脑、肾等器官的功能或器质性损害的临床综合征。高血压发病率高,可以诱发冠心病、脑出血等疾病的发生,并大多数引起心、脑、肾等重要器官的一系列损伤与严重的病变,甚至是功能衰竭,以及糖、鹰质代谢紊乱,对人们的身体健康造成很大的威胁。据统计,全世界高血压患病率高达10%-20%,患高血压的人数已经达到10亿,每年超过l200万人死于高血压引起的各类疾病。我国现有的高血压患者已经超过l.2亿人,而且每年仍以600多万人的速度递增。根据世界卫生组织预测,至2020年,非传染性疾病将占我国死亡原因的79%。其中高血压等心血管疾病将占首位。因此,预防和治疗高血压病已成为当今社会研究的热点;是目前亟待解决的重大问题之一。高血压是一种需要长期监控和治疗的慢性疾病,需要终生服药。现有的降血压药物一般是西药,长期服药会对人体的肝、肾等有较大副作用。因此,有必要寻找一种对身体副作用小、价格便宜的有效降血压药。
青钱柳是仅存在于我国的一种重点保护植物,在我国南方居多且以湘西南地区为主。青钱柳在湘西南地区一直被当地很多长寿老人称为“神茶”。研究已证实青钱柳中含有大量的黄酮类有机物成分和很多人体所需的微量元素,具有很好的降血压功能。
藏药绿萝花,属天南星科,产于西藏高海拔寒冷地带,据《藏医养身图说》介绍,其作为一种民间藏药已有很长的历史。绿萝花中含有黄酮类、多糖类、挥发油、脂肪酸、三萜和含氮化合物等成分,常用来预防和治疗糖尿病、高血脂、高血压以及脉管炎等慢性疾病。
发明内容
为了解决上述的技术问题,本发明提供一种青钱柳提取物及其制备和降血压的应用,并提供一种降血压的中药组合物,能够有效起到明显的降血压作用。
为实现上述技术问题,本发明提供如下技术方案:
一种青钱柳提取物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将青钱柳叶晒干、粉碎,过80-120目筛,得到青钱柳粉末;
(2)按照青钱柳粉末和水的质量比为1:10-1:20的比例混合,于100-105℃温度下回流提取100-300min,冷却后过滤,弃去滤渣,滤液蒸去水分,待用;
(3)将步骤(2)的滤液与乙酸乙酯-乙酸丁酯按照体积比1:0.8-1.2混合,微波萃取,萃取条件为微波频率2000-3000MHz,微波功率400-600W,萃取时间5-10min,然后将液体移置分液漏斗中分液,旋蒸除去溶剂乙酸乙酯-乙酸丁酯,即得青钱柳提取物。
作为本发明进一步的改进,一种青钱柳提取物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将青钱柳晒干、粉碎,过100目筛,得到青钱柳粉末;
(2)按照青钱柳粉末和水的质量比为1:15的比例混合,于105℃温度下回流提取200min,冷却后过滤,弃去滤渣,滤液蒸去水分,待用;
(3)将步骤(2)的滤液与乙酸乙酯-乙酸丁酯按照体积比1:1混合,微波萃取,萃取条件为微波频率2570MHz,微波功率500W,萃取时间7min,然后将液体移置分液漏斗中分液,旋蒸除去溶剂乙酸乙酯-乙酸丁酯,即得青钱柳提取物。
作为本发明进一步的改进,青钱柳叶为新叶、老叶或落叶。
本发明还包括上述制备方法得到的青钱柳提取物。
作为本发明进一步的改进,青钱柳提取物密度为0.8-1.3。
本发明还包括一种降血压的组合物,由以下重量份的原料制备而成:青钱柳提取物10-15份、绿萝花10-15份、天麻10-15份、黄芪5-10份、夏枯草5-10份、玉米须3-7份、酸枣仁2-5份。
作为本发明进一步的改进,组合物由以下重量份的原料制备而成:青钱柳提取物12份、绿萝花12份、天麻12份、黄芪10份、夏枯草7份、玉米须5份、酸枣仁3份。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
1、青钱柳的有机成分很多,主要成分为黄酮类、三萜类、皂苷类和有机酸类化合物,此外还有一些小分子化合物。实验证明青钱柳提取物具有的生物活性物质具备多种药理学功能,有明显的降血压作用。
2、本发明中降血压的中药组合物是根据自己多年临床经验,先从众多中药中确定一系列对降血压有效的中药和民族药,再经临床反复验证,而筛选出来的。其中,绿萝花,产于西藏高海拔寒冷地带,据《藏医养身图说》介绍,其作为一种民间藏药已有很长的历史,用来预防和治疗糖尿病、高血脂、高血压以及脉管炎等慢性疾病;天麻,别名赤箭、独摇芝、离母、合离草等,味辛、苦,平,有镇静,镇痉,镇痛,补虚,平肝息风的功效;黄芪,味微苦,具有消除紧张和不安,使身体状况稳定的功效;夏枯草,别名麦穗夏枯草、铁线夏枯草,味苦、辛,寒,有清火明目之功效,能治目赤肿痛、头痛等;玉米须,玉米须,别名五蜀黍蕊,棒子毛,有利尿消肿,清肝利胆的功效;酸枣仁,别名山枣仁、山酸枣,味甘、酸,性平,归肝、胆、心经,具有养肝,宁心,安神,敛汗的功效,用于虚烦不眠,惊悸多梦,体虚多汗,津伤口渴等症。上述5味中草药,加上青钱柳提取物,药味不多但功能齐备,药用原料按所述配比组合后,用于降血压具有协同增效功能。
3、青钱柳种植简单,产量大,其青钱柳提取物以及制成的固体制剂或者液体制剂操作简单,成本低廉,无毒副作用。
附图说明
图1为青钱柳提取物制备工艺图
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整的描述,显然,所述的实施例只是本发明的部分具有代表性的实施例,而不是全部实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的其他所有实施例都属于本发明的保护范围。
实施例1青钱柳提取物的制备
按照以下步骤进行:
(1)以青钱柳新叶为原料,将青钱柳叶晒干、粉碎,过80目筛,得到青钱柳粉末;
(2)按照青钱柳粉末和水的质量比为1:10的比例混合,于100℃温度下回流提取100min,冷却后过滤,弃去滤渣,滤液蒸去水分,待用;
(3)将步骤(2)的滤液与乙酸乙酯-乙酸丁酯按照体积比1:0.8混合,微波萃取,萃取条件为微波频率2000MHz,微波功率400W,萃取时间5min,然后将液体移置分液漏斗中分液,旋蒸除去溶剂乙酸乙酯-乙酸丁酯,即得青钱柳提取物,所测提取物密度为0.83。
实施例2青钱柳提取物的制备
按照以下步骤进行:
(1)以青钱柳老叶为原料,将青钱柳叶晒干、粉碎,过100目筛,得到青钱柳粉末;
(2)按照青钱柳粉末和水的质量比为1:15的比例混合,于105℃温度下回流提取200min,冷却后过滤,弃去滤渣,滤液蒸去水分,待用;
(3)将步骤(2)的滤液与乙酸乙酯-乙酸丁酯按照体积比1:1混合,微波萃取,萃取条件为微波频率2570MHz,微波功率500W,萃取时间7min,然后将液体移置分液漏斗中分液,旋蒸除去溶剂乙酸乙酯-乙酸丁酯,即得青钱柳提取物,所测提取物密度为1.15。
实施例3青钱柳提取物的制备
按照以下步骤进行:
(1)以青钱柳落叶为原料,将青钱柳叶晒干、粉碎,过120目筛,得到青钱柳粉末;
(2)按照青钱柳粉末和水的质量比为1:30的比例混合,于105℃温度下回流提取300min,冷却后过滤,弃去滤渣,滤液蒸去水分,待用;
(3)将步骤(2)的滤液与乙酸乙酯-乙酸丁酯按照体积比1:1.2混合,微波萃取,萃取条件为微波频率3000MHz,微波功率600W,萃取时间10min,然后将液体移置分液漏斗中分液,旋蒸除去溶剂乙酸乙酯-乙酸丁酯,即得青钱柳提取物,所测提取物密度为1.3。
实施例4一种降血压的组合物
组合物由以下重量份的原料制备而成:青钱柳提取物10份、绿萝花10份、天麻10份、黄芪5份、夏枯草5份、玉米须3份、酸枣仁2份。加水浸泡30min,煎煮120min,过滤,浓缩至密度为0.8-1.3的浸膏,干燥,得到降血压的组合物。加入一倍重量的麦芽糊精,制粒,干燥,得到降血压颗粒剂。
实施例5一种降血压的组合物
组合物由以下重量份的原料制备而成:青钱柳提取物12份、绿萝花12份、天麻12份、黄芪10份、夏枯草7份、玉米须5份、酸枣仁3份。加水浸泡30min,煎煮120min,过滤,浓缩至密度为0.8-1.3的浸膏,干燥,得到降血压的组合物。加入一倍重量的麦芽糊精,制粒,干燥,得到降血压颗粒剂。
实施例6一种降血压的组合物
组合物由以下重量份的原料制备而成:青钱柳提取物15份、绿萝花15份、天麻15份、黄芪10份、夏枯草10份、玉米须7份、酸枣仁5份。加水浸泡30min,煎煮120min,过滤,浓缩至密度为0.8-1.3的浸膏,干燥,得到降血压的组合物。加入一倍重量的麦芽糊精,制粒,干燥,得到降血压颗粒剂。
试验例1SHR大鼠试验
1、实验组别。将150只SHR高血压大鼠随机分为5组,每组30只,分别为青钱柳提取物组(1组)、降血压组合物组(2组)、卡托普利组(3组)、藏药绿萝花提取物组(4组)和对照组,并另外准备30只正常大鼠,作为正常组。
2、实验方法。青钱柳提取物组大鼠每天灌胃实施例2中制备的青钱柳提取物10mL/kg,降血压组合物组大鼠每天只给实施例5中制备的降血压颗粒剂10mg/kg,卡托普利组大鼠每天给卡托普利15mg/kg,藏药绿萝花提取物组每天给绿萝花提取物10mg/kg,对照组和正常组每天只给等量蒸馏水。连续给药7w。
3、血压、体重、脏器指数及血常规的测定。每周测定清醒大鼠尾动脉血压一次,末次给药后禁食不禁水24h,称重。以20%氨基甲酸乙酯(5ml/kg)腹腔注射麻醉。腹主动脉取血,将全血移至抗凝管中,备血液常规检查。快速摘取大鼠心脏、脾脏、肾脏,分别用冷冻生理盐水洗去污血,称重。心脏分离左右心室并称重,室间隔归左室。计算脾脏重量指数(SW/BW)、左心室重量指数(LVW/BW)和肾脏重量指数(KW/BW),即脏器重量与体重比。
实验结果参数键表1和表2。
表1各组大鼠平均血压和体重变化
注:SBP为收缩压,DBP为舒张压
表2各组大鼠SW/BW、LVW/BW和KW/BW变化
由以上结果可知,本发明提供的青钱柳提取物和降血压组合物均可以使得高血压大鼠的血压逐步趋向恢复到正常值,同时,其脏器指数均有好转,其效果更是优于降压常用药卡托普利以及单独的绿萝花提取物,因此,青钱柳提取物和降血压组合物具备明显的降血压效果,其中添加了青钱柳提取物的降血压组合物的降压效果最好。
本领域的技术人员在不脱离权利要求书确定的本发明的精神和范围的条件下,还可以对以上内容进行各种各样的修改。因此本发明的范围并不仅限于以上的说明,而是由权利要求书的范围来确定的。
Claims (7)
1.一种青钱柳提取物的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将青钱柳叶晒干、粉碎,过80-120目筛,得到青钱柳粉末;
(2)按照青钱柳粉末和水的质量比为1:10-1:20的比例混合,于100-105℃温度下回流提取100-300min,冷却后过滤,弃去滤渣,滤液蒸去水分,待用;
(3)将步骤(2)的滤液与乙酸乙酯-乙酸丁酯按照体积比1:0.8-1.2混合,微波萃取,萃取条件为微波频率2000-3000MHz,微波功率400-600W,萃取时间5-10min,然后将液体移置分液漏斗中分液,旋蒸除去溶剂乙酸乙酯-乙酸丁酯,即得青钱柳提取物。
2.一种青钱柳提取物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将青钱柳晒干、粉碎,过100目筛,得到青钱柳粉末;
(2)按照青钱柳粉末和水的质量比为1:15的比例混合,于105℃温度下回流提取200min,冷却后过滤,弃去滤渣,滤液蒸去水分,待用;
(3)将步骤(2)的滤液与乙酸乙酯-乙酸丁酯按照体积比1:1混合,微波萃取,萃取条件为微波频率2570MHz,微波功率500W,萃取时间7min,然后将液体移置分液漏斗中分液,旋蒸除去溶剂乙酸乙酯-乙酸丁酯,即得青钱柳提取物。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述青钱柳提取物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述青钱柳叶为新叶、老叶或落叶。
4.根据权利要求1、2或3任一权利要求所述制备方法得到的青钱柳提取物。
5.根据权利要求4所述青钱柳提取物,其特征在于,所述提取物密度为0.8-1.3。
6.一种降血压的组合物,其特征在于,组合物由以下重量份的原料制备而成:青钱柳提取物10-15份、绿萝花10-15份、天麻10-15份、黄芪5-10份、夏枯草5-10份、玉米须3-7份、酸枣仁2-5份。
7.如权利要求6所述组合物,其特征在于,所述组合物由以下重量份的原料制备而成:青钱柳提取物12份、绿萝花12份、天麻12份、黄芪10份、夏枯草7份、玉米须5份、酸枣仁3份。
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