CN108267407A - Device and method for measuring transverse spin relaxation time of alkali metal atoms - Google Patents
Device and method for measuring transverse spin relaxation time of alkali metal atoms Download PDFInfo
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- CN108267407A CN108267407A CN201810083268.4A CN201810083268A CN108267407A CN 108267407 A CN108267407 A CN 108267407A CN 201810083268 A CN201810083268 A CN 201810083268A CN 108267407 A CN108267407 A CN 108267407A
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- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
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Abstract
The invention provides a transverse spin relaxation time measuring device for alkali metal atoms, which comprises a pumping light path device, a detection light path device, an atom air chamber, a three-dimensional Helmholtz coil, a polarization plane detection device and a signal processing system, wherein the pumping light path device is connected with the detection light path device; the atom chamber is filled with alkali metal atoms and buffer gas; the pumping light path device comprises a first laser, a first beam expanding collimation device and a circular polarized light conversion device which are sequentially connected in series; the detection light path device comprises a second laser, a second beam expanding and collimating device and a first linear polaroid. The invention also discloses a method for measuring the transverse spin relaxation time of the alkali metal atoms. By applying the technical scheme of the invention, the effects are as follows: the whole structure is simple; the method comprises the following steps of utilizing rotating magnetic fields in different directions to realize accurate measurement of transverse spin relaxation time of alkali metal atoms in different hyperfine energy levels of a ground state; the method can be applied to research of optical pumping and spin relaxation and evaluation of performances of an atomic magnetometer, an atomic spin gyro and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of measuring technique, and particularly, the lateral spin relaxation time for being related to a kind of alkali metal atom is surveyed
Measure device and measuring method.
Background technology
Only there are one electronics for alkali metal atom outermost layer, this causes alkali metal atom to show many unique properties, and
The extensive research interest of people is attracted.At present, alkali metal atom is generally applicable to atomic clock, faraday's wave filter, atom
The fields such as interferometer, atomic spin gyro and atom magnetometer.For some application fields of alkali metal atom, as atom from
Gyro spin and atom magnetometer, the lateral self-rotary relaxation time of alkali metal atom is an extremely important parameter.Alkali metal is former
The lateral spin relaxation time of son directly decides the limiting snesibility of atom magnetometer and response line width, atomic spin gyro
Precision is also directly related with the lateral spin relaxation time of alkali metal atom.When thus, to alkali metal atom transverse direction spin relaxation
Between accurate measure help effectively to assess the performance of atom magnetometer and atomic spin gyro.In addition, for alkali metal original
The application field of son generally needs to change the population of atom with the method for optical pumping.Since the lateral spin of alkali metal atom relaxes
The Henan time is related with optical pumping, thus contributes to optical pumping to accurate measure of the lateral spin relaxation time of alkali metal atom
Research.
As people go deep into alkali metal atom research, people have found a variety of raising alkali metal atoms, and laterally spin relaxes
The effective way of Henan time is such as filled with buffer gas to alkali metal atom air chamber and alkali metal atom air chamber inner wall is plated anti-
Relaxation film.These approach allow people to realize longer alkali metal atom transverse direction spin relaxation time.Work as alkali metal atom
When lateral spin relaxation time extends, the magnetic response line width of alkali metal atom narrows, and the hyperfine structure of alkali metal atom becomes
It can differentiate and need to consider.In this case, in order to study optical pumping and spin relaxation and assessment atom magnetometer and
The performance of atomic spin gyro etc. needs independent measurement to be in the lateral spin of the alkali metal atom of the different hyperfine energy levels of ground state
Relaxation time.
At present, for the measurement of alkali metal atom transverse direction spin relaxation time, generally using traditional free induction decay
Method.This methods experiment is easy to operate, experimental result is accurate, thus is surveyed for a long time as a kind of lateral spin relaxation time of standard
Amount method.Its linear polarization that application frequency is needed to be equal to magnetic resonance frequency swings magnetic field, for encouraging the horizontal stroke of creation alkali metal atom
To automatic rotary component.When considering hyperfine structure, under the excitation of oscillating magnetic field, the alkali gold in the different hyperfine energy levels of ground state
The lateral automatic rotary component for belonging to atom all will creation.Thus, it is measured according to traditional free induction decay method a certain in ground state
The lateral spin relaxation time of the alkali metal atom of hyperfine energy level, measurement will be by another hyperfine energy level of ground state
The influence of alkali metal atom.In order to accurately measure the lateral spin relaxation of the alkali metal atom in the different hyperfine energy levels of ground state
Time needs independent drive to be in the alkali metal atom of the different hyperfine energy levels of ground state.In order to reach this purpose, need to consider
New energisation mode.
Invention content
The present invention utilizes the rotating excitation field of different directions, and the alkali metal that independent drive is in the different hyperfine energy levels of ground state is former
Son realizes the accurate measurement of the lateral spin relaxation time of the alkali metal atom of different hyperfine energy levels to ground state, particular technique
Scheme is as follows：
The lateral spin relaxation time measuring device of a kind of alkali metal atom, including pumping light path devices, detection light path device
Part, atomic air chamber, three-dimensional Helmholtz coil, plane of polarization detection device and signal processing system；
Filled with alkali metal atom and buffer gas in the atomic air chamber；
The pumping light path devices include being sequentially connected in series first laser device, the first beam-expanding collimation device and the circular polarization of setting
Light conversion device, for exporting pumping light, the first beam-expanding collimation device is used to swash described first the first laser device
The pumping light of light device output carries out beam-expanding collimation processing, and the circularly polarized light conversion equipment is used to fill first beam-expanding collimation
Put beam-expanding collimation treated that pumping light is changed into circularly polarized light, the alkali metal that circularly polarized light is used in polarized atom gas chamber is former
Son；
The detection light path devices include second laser, the second beam-expanding collimation device and the first linear polarizer, described
For second laser for exporting detection light, the second beam-expanding collimation device is used for the detection light for exporting the second laser
Beam-expanding collimation processing is carried out, first linear polarizer is handled for improving by the second beam-expanding collimation device beam-expanding collimation
The linear polarization degree of detection light afterwards, the detection light of high linear polarization degree with after alkali metal atom interaction in atomic air chamber, partially
The face of shaking can be modulated by spin polarization of the alkali metal atom on detection optical propagation direction；
The three-dimensional Helmholtz coil is used to generate magnetostatic field and rotating excitation field at the atomic air chamber；
The plane of polarization detection device detects the variation in light polarization face for detecting；
The signal processing system is connect simultaneously with the three-dimensional Helmholtz coil and the plane of polarization detection device, is used
The three-dimensional last of the twelve Earthly Branches is input in the change information and adjusting for acquiring the detection light polarization face that the plane of polarization detection device is detected
Electric current in Mu Huozi coils is to control the magnetostatic field and rotating excitation field that it generates.
Preferred in above technical scheme, the first laser device is DFB semiconductor laser, can be adjusted to alkali metal
Atom D1 line transition resonant frequencies export pumping light；The second laser is DFB semiconductor laser, can be adjusted to alkali
Metallic atom D2 line transition resonant frequencies, output detection light.
Preferred in above technical scheme, the first beam-expanding collimation device and the first beam-expanding collimation device include
Two groups of convex lenses being arranged in series along paths direction.
Preferred in above technical scheme, the circularly polarized light conversion equipment includes what is be arranged in series along paths direction
The slide of second linear polarizer and λ/4.
Preferred in above technical scheme, the three-dimensional Helmholtz coil is by copper wire winding.
It is preferred in above technical scheme, the plane of polarization detection device include the λ being arranged in series along paths direction/
2 slides, this special prism of Walla and balanced detector, the λ/2 slide is for adjusting the detection light by the atomic air chamber
The direction of plane of polarization, this special prism of the Walla for linearly polarized light to be divided into the two-beam along axially different polarization, visit by balance
Device is surveyed to be used to carry out differential amplification to the light intensity of two-beam to export the signal of reflection detection light polarization face variation.
Preferred in above technical scheme, the signal processing system includes data collecting card and computer, the data
Capture card is connect simultaneously with the three-dimensional Helmholtz coil, balanced detector and the computer.
Preferred in above technical scheme, the pumping light is propagated along the z-axis direction；The detection light is propagated along the x-axis direction,
For detecting the spin polarization P of the alkali metal atom in the hyperfine energy levels of ground state F=I+1/2 in the direction of the x axis+xOr in base
The spin polarization P of the alkali metal atom of the hyperfine energy levels of state F=I-1/2 in the direction of the x axis-x, wherein：F represents alkali metal atom
Total angular momentum quantum number, I represent alkali metal atom nuclear spin quantum number；This special prism of the Walla is by linearly polarized light
It is divided into the two-beam along y-axis and z-axis polarization；The signal processing system driving three-dimensional Helmholtz coil generate rotating excitation field with
The magnetostatic field in z-axis direction, rotating excitation field are the magnetic field for being rotated or being rotated clockwise counterclockwise relative to magnetostatic field.
Concrete principle of the present invention is as follows：
Three-dimensional cartesian coordinate system is chosen, three axis of coordinate system are respectively x-axis, y-axis and z-axis.Apply pumping along the z-axis direction
Light and magnetostatic fieldWherein：B0Represent the intensity of magnetostatic field, and B0＞ 0,Represent the unit vector on z-axis direction.
Under the action of pumping light, a large amount of alkali metal atoms will be polarized, and macroscopically can characterize polarization with polarization vector
Alkali metal atom assemblage.It is macro for being in the alkali metal atom of ground state F=I+1/2 and the hyperfine energy levels of F=I-1/2
It sees polarization vector and is expressed as P+With P-。
When application rotating excitation fieldWhen, macroscopic polarization vector P+With P-T at any time
Evolution meets following Bloch equations：
Wherein：B1Represent the intensity and frequency of rotating excitation field respectively with ω；WithIt represents on x-axis and y-axis direction respectively
Unit vector；γ+With γ-The rotation in ground state F=I+1/2 with the alkali metal atom of the hyperfine energy levels of F=I-1/2 is represented respectively
Magnetic ratio, γ+＜ 0, γ-＞ 0；P+x、P+yWith P+zIt is P respectively+Along the component of x-axis, y-axis and z-axis direction；P-x、P-yWith P-zIt is respectively
P-Along the component of x-axis, y-axis and z-axis direction；P+0With P-0P when excitation field and thermal balance is not applied respectively+zWith P-z；T2+With
T2-The lateral spin relaxation time in ground state F=I+1/2 with the alkali metal atom of the hyperfine energy levels of F=I-1/2 is represented respectively；
T1+With T1-Longitudinal spin relaxation in ground state F=I+1/2 with the alkali metal atom of the hyperfine energy levels of F=I-1/2 is represented respectively
Time.
WhenWhen, rotating excitation field relative to magnetostatic field be it is clockwise,
P can be obtained by equation (1)+x≈ 0, P+y≈ 0, and P-xWith P-yIt can be larger value；
Similarly, whenWhen, rotating excitation field is counterclockwise relative to magnetostatic field
, P can be obtained by equation (1)-x≈ 0, P-y=0, and P+xWith P+yIt can be larger value.Therefore, we can be with rotating clockwise
Magnetic field independent drive is in the alkali metal atom of the hyperfine energy levels of ground state F=I-1/2, at rotating excitation field independent drive counterclockwise
In the alkali metal atom of the hyperfine energy levels of ground state F=I+1/2.
It removes, can be obtained by equation (1), P when application rotates clockwise the recession of magnetic field several seconds-xIt will be with T2-It is characterized time index
Attenuation, therefore, detects free damped P-xSignal can be fitted to obtain T2-；Similarly, after the rotating excitation field several seconds counterclockwise is applied
It removes, detects free damped P+xSignal can be fitted to obtain T2+。
It is measured invention additionally discloses a kind of using the lateral spin relaxation time measuring device of above-mentioned alkali metal atom
Method, specifically comprise the following steps：
Step 1: the three-dimensional Helmholtz coil of signal processing system driving generates the magnetostatic field in z-axis directionOpen the
One laser, is adjusted to alkali metal atom D1 line transition resonant frequencies, export pumping light, and pumping light is along the z-axis direction
Pumping paths successively handle to obtain circular polarization by the first beam-expanding collimation device and circularly polarized light conversion equipment successively
Light, circularly polarized light start the alkali metal atom in polarized atom gas chamber；Meanwhile second laser is opened, it is adjusted to alkali gold
Belong to atom D2 line transition resonant frequencies, output detection light, detection light detection paths along the x-axis direction, successively by the
Two beam-expanding collimation devices and the first linear polarizer handle to obtain the detection light of high linear polarization degree, detection light and alkali in atomic air chamber
Metallic atom interacts, and detects P+xOr P-x；
Step 2: applying rotating excitation field, specifically include application and rotate clockwise magnetic field and apply rotating excitation field counterclockwise, tool
Body is：
Application rotates clockwise magnetic field process：The three-dimensional Helmholtz coil of signal processing system driving is generated relative to magnetostatic
The magnetic field rotated clockwiseWherein：BcExpression rotates clockwise magnetic field；
B0Represent the intensity of magnetostatic field, and B0＞ 0；B1Represent the intensity of rotating field；WithX-axis, y-axis and z-axis direction are represented respectively
On unit vector；γ-Represent the gyromagnetic ratio of the alkali metal atom in the hyperfine energy levels of ground state F=I-1/2, and γ-＞ 0；
After 5-10 seconds, remove and rotate clockwise magnetic field Bc, the free damped P of signal processing system detection balance amplifier output-xLetter
Number；
Apply rotating excitation field process counterclockwise：The three-dimensional Helmholtz coil of signal processing system driving is generated relative to magnetostatic
The magnetic field rotated counterclockwiseWherein：BccRepresent rotary magnetic counterclockwise
；γ+Represent the gyromagnetic ratio of the alkali metal atom in the hyperfine energy levels of ground state F=I+1/2, and γ+＜ 0；After 5-10 seconds, remove
Except rotating excitation field B counterclockwisecc, the free damped P of signal processing system detection balance amplifier output+xSignal；
Step 3: the free damped P detected with exponential function fitting+xSignal obtains surpassing in ground state F=I+1/2
The lateral spin relaxation time T of the alkali metal atom of fine-structure levels2+；The free damped P detected with exponential function fitting-x
Signal obtains the lateral spin relaxation time T of the alkali metal atom in the hyperfine energy levels of ground state F=I-1/22-。
Preferred in above technical scheme, the exponential function in the step 3 is specifically：Represent unknown quantity
Functions of the y about unknown quantity x, wherein：A and T2For parameter to be fitted, T2Fitting result as T2+Or T2-。
Using the measuring method of the present invention, effect is：Measuring process is simplified；Using the rotating excitation field of different directions, individually
Alkali metal atom of the excitation in the different hyperfine energy levels of ground state realizes the alkali metal atom of different hyperfine energy levels to ground state
The accurate measurement of lateral spin relaxation time；The present invention can be applied to research optical pumping and spin relaxation and assessment nonmagnetic atom
The performance of power instrument and atomic spin gyro etc., it is highly practical.
Other than objects, features and advantages described above, the present invention also has other objects, features and advantages.
Below with reference to accompanying drawings, the present invention is described in further detail.
Description of the drawings
The attached drawing for forming the part of the application is used to provide further understanding of the present invention, schematic reality of the invention
Example and its explanation are applied for explaining the present invention, is not constituted improper limitations of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings：
Fig. 1 is the structure diagram of the lateral spin relaxation time measuring device of alkali metal atom in embodiment 1；
Fig. 2 is the free damped P that experimental detection arrives-xSignal and its fitting result；
Fig. 3 is the free damped P that experimental detection arrives+xSignal and its fitting result；
Fig. 4 is to apply linear polarization in x-axis direction to swing the frequency of magnetic field and oscillating magnetic field equal to γ-B0When balanced detector visit
The signal schematic representation measured；
Wherein：1st, pumping light path devices, 1.1, first laser device, the 1.2, first beam-expanding collimation device, 1.3, circularly polarized light
Conversion equipment, the 1.31, second linear polarizer, 1.32, λ/4 slides, 2, detection light path devices, 2.1, second laser, 2.2, the
Two beam-expanding collimation devices, the 2.3, first linear polarizer, 3, atomic air chamber, 4, three-dimensional Helmholtz coil, 5, plane of polarization detection dress
It puts, 5.1, λ/2 slides, 5.2, this special prism of Walla, 5.3, balanced detector, 6, signal processing system, T, convex lens.
Specific embodiment
The embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with attached drawing, but the present invention can be limited according to claim
Fixed and covering multitude of different ways is implemented.
Embodiment 1：
A kind of lateral spin relaxation time measuring device of alkali metal atom, refers to Fig. 1, including pumping light path devices 1, visits
Survey light path devices 2, atomic air chamber 3, three-dimensional Helmholtz coil 4, plane of polarization detection device 5 and signal processing system 6, details
It is as follows：
Filled with alkali metal atom and buffer gas, the preferred nitrogen of buffer gas in the atomic air chamber 3.
The pumping light path devices 1 form pumping light path, the first laser device 1.1, first including being sequentially connected in series setting
Beam-expanding collimation device 1.2 and circularly polarized light conversion equipment 1.3, first laser device 1.1 are DFB semiconductor laser, can be conditioned
To alkali metal atom D1 line transition resonant frequencies, pumping light is exported；The first beam-expanding collimation device 1.2 is used for described first
The pumping light that laser 1.1 exports carries out beam-expanding collimation processing；The circularly polarized light conversion equipment 1.3 is used to expand described first
1.2 beam-expanding collimation of beam collimator apparatus treated pumping light is changed into circularly polarized light, circularly polarized light are used in polarized atom gas chamber 3
Alkali metal atom, the circularly polarized light conversion equipment 1.3 includes the second linear polarizer for being arranged in series along paths direction
The slide 1.32 of 1.31 and λ/4.
The detection light path devices 2 form detection light path, including second laser 2.1, the second beam-expanding collimation device 2.2
And first linear polarizer 2.3, the second laser 2.1 are DFB semiconductor laser, can be adjusted to alkali metal atom D2
Line transition resonant frequency, output detection light；The second beam-expanding collimation device 2.2 is used to export the second laser 2.1
Detection light carry out beam-expanding collimation processing, first linear polarizer 2.3 for improve pass through the second beam-expanding collimation device
The linear polarization degree of 2.2 beam-expanding collimations treated detection light, the detection light of high linear polarization degree and alkali metal atom in atomic air chamber 3
After interaction, plane of polarization can be modulated by spin polarization of the alkali metal atom on detection optical propagation direction.
The three-dimensional Helmholtz coil 4 is used to generate magnetostatic field and rotating excitation field at the atomic air chamber 3, and described three
Helmholtz coil 4 is tieed up by copper wire winding.
The plane of polarization detection device 5 is for detecting the variation in detection light polarization face, including being gone here and there along paths direction
Join the slide 5.1 of λ/2, this special prism 5.2 of Walla and balanced detector 5.3 of setting, the slide 5.1 of the λ/2 passes through for adjusting
The direction of the plane of polarization of the detection light of the atomic air chamber 3, this special prism 5.2 of the Walla are used to linearly polarized light being divided into along y
The two-beam of axis and z-axis polarization, the balanced detector 5.3 are used to carry out differential amplification to the light intensity of two-beam to export reflection
Detect the signal of light polarization face variation.
The signal processing system 6 include data collecting card and computer, the data collecting card simultaneously with the three-dimensional
Helmholtz coil 4, balanced detector 5.3 are connected with the computer, and the signal processing system 6 is used to acquire the polarization
Face detection device 5 detects the change information in detection light polarization face and adjusting is input in the three-dimensional Helmholtz coil 4
Rotary magnetic of the electric current to control the magnetostatic field in its z-axis direction generated and rotate clockwise or rotate counterclockwise relative to magnetostatic field
.
Above-mentioned first beam-expanding collimation device 1.2 and the second beam-expanding collimation device 2.2 are included along paths direction
Two groups of convex lens T being arranged in series.
Using the technical solution of the present embodiment, specifically：
The pumping light (pumping light is propagated along the z-axis direction) of first laser device 1.1 (DFB semiconductor laser) output is by the
One beam-expanding collimation device 1.2 (successively by two groups of convex lens T) beam-expanding collimation, then (passed through successively by circularly polarized light conversion equipment 1.3
Cross the slide 1.32 of the second linear polarizer 1.31 and λ/4) it is transformed into circularly polarized light；Then, circularly polarized light irradiated atoms gas chamber
3, realize the polarization to alkali metal atom in atomic air chamber 3.
The detection light (detection light propagate along the x-axis direction) of second laser 2.1 (DFB semiconductor laser) output is by the
Two beam-expanding collimation device 2.2 (successively by two groups of convex lens T) beam-expanding collimations, it is former using being irradiated after the first linear polarizer 2.3
Sub- gas chamber 3, after detection light interacts with alkali metal atom in atomic air chamber 3, the plane of polarization for detecting light can be by P+xOr P-x's
Modulation.
Across atomic air chamber 3 detection light through plane of polarization detection device 5 (successively by the slide 5.1 of λ/2, this special rib of Walla
Mirror 5.2 and balanced detector 5.3), the variation in the output signal reflection detection light polarization face of balanced detector 5.3；Balance detection
The output signal of device 5.3 is acquired by signal processing system 6, meanwhile, the driving of signal processing system 6 and the three-dimensional Helmholtz's line of control
Circle 4, provides magnetostatic field and rotating excitation field.
The measuring method of the lateral spin relaxation time of alkali metal atom is carried out using the device of the present embodiment, including following
Step：
Step 1: signal processing system 6 drives the magnetostatic field in the three-dimensional generation z-axis of Helmholtz coil 4 directionIt opens
First laser device 1.1 is adjusted to alkali metal atom D1 line transition resonant frequencies, exports pumping light, pumping light is along z-axis side
To pumping paths, successively handled successively by the first beam-expanding collimation device 1.2 and circularly polarized light conversion equipment 1.3
Circularly polarized light is obtained, circularly polarized light starts the alkali metal atom in polarized atom gas chamber 3；Meanwhile second laser 2.1 is opened,
Alkali metal atom D2 line transition resonant frequencies, output detection light are adjusted to, the detection light path of detection light along the x-axis direction passes
It broadcasts, successively obtains the detection light of high linear polarization degree by the second beam-expanding collimation device 2.2 and the processing of the first linear polarizer 2.3,
It detects light to interact with alkali metal atom in atomic air chamber 3, detects P+xOr P-x；
Step 2: apply rotating excitation field, specifically：
Application rotates clockwise magnetic field：Signal processing system 6 drives three-dimensional Helmholtz coil 4 to generate relative to magnetostatic fieldThe magnetic field rotated clockwiseAfter 5-10 seconds, remove and rotate clockwise magnetic field
Bc, the free damped P of the detection output of balance amplifier 5.3 of signal processing system 6-xSignal；
Apply rotating excitation field counterclockwise：Signal processing system 6 drives three-dimensional Helmholtz coil 4 to generate relative to magnetostatic fieldThe magnetic field rotated counterclockwiseAfter 5-10 seconds, rotating excitation field counterclockwise is removed
Bcc, the free damped P of the detection output of balance amplifier 5.3 of signal processing system 6+xSignal；
Step 3: the free damped P detected with exponential function fitting+xSignal obtains surpassing in ground state F=I+1/2
The lateral spin relaxation time T of the alkali metal atom of fine-structure levels2+；The free damped P detected with exponential function fitting-x
Signal obtains the lateral spin relaxation time T of the alkali metal atom in the hyperfine energy levels of ground state F=I-1/22-。
Preferred in above technical scheme, the exponential function in the step 3 is specifically：Represent unknown quantity
Functions of the y about unknown quantity x, wherein：A and T2For parameter to be fitted, T2Fitting result as T2+Or T2-。
Fig. 2 is the free damped P that experimental detection arrives-xSignal and its fitting result.It can be seen from the figure that we can be with
By exponential fitting function call to the lateral spin relaxation time of the alkali metal atom in the hyperfine energy levels of ground state F=I-1/2
T2-。
Fig. 3 is the free damped P that experimental detection arrives+xSignal and its fitting result.It can be seen from the figure that we can be with
By exponential fitting function call to the lateral spin relaxation time of the alkali metal atom in the hyperfine energy levels of ground state F=I+1/2
T2+。
Fig. 4 is to apply linear polarization in x-axis direction to swing the frequency of magnetic field and oscillating magnetic field equal to γ-B0When balanced detector visit
The signal measured.It can be seen from the figure that we are difficult to be fitted to obtain in the hyperfine energy of ground state F=I-1/2 or F=I+1/2
The lateral spin relaxation time T of the alkali metal atom of grade2-Or T2+。
Comparing the experimental result of Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 can obtain, using the rotating excitation field of different directions, can be with independent drive at
In the alkali metal atom of the different hyperfine energy levels of ground state, the transverse direction of the alkali metal atom of different hyperfine energy levels to ground state is realized certainly
Revolve the accurate measurement in relaxation time.
Using the technical solution of the present embodiment, effect is：Overall structure is simplified；It is single using the rotating excitation field of different directions
Solely alkali metal atom of the excitation in the different hyperfine energy levels of ground state realizes the alkali metal atom of the different hyperfine energy levels to ground state
Lateral spin relaxation time accurate measurement；It can be applied to research optical pumping and spin relaxation and assessment atom magnetometer
With the performance of atomic spin gyro etc..
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to restrict the invention, for the skill of this field
For art personnel, the invention may be variously modified and varied.All within the spirits and principles of the present invention, that is made any repaiies
Change, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of lateral spin relaxation time measuring device of alkali metal atom, it is characterised in that：Including pumping light path devices
(1), detection light path devices (2), atomic air chamber (3), three-dimensional Helmholtz coil (4), plane of polarization detection device (5) and signal
Processing system (6)；
Filled with alkali metal atom and buffer gas in the atomic air chamber (3)；
First laser device (1.1), first beam-expanding collimation device of the pumping light path devices (1) including being sequentially connected in series setting
(1.2) and circularly polarized light conversion equipment (1.3), for the first laser device (1.1) for exporting pumping light, described first expands standard
Pumping light of the straight device (1.2) for the first laser device (1.1) to be exported carries out beam-expanding collimation processing, the circularly polarized light
Conversion equipment (1.3) is for by the first beam-expanding collimation device (1.2) beam-expanding collimation, treated that pumping light is changed into that circle is inclined
Shake light, and circularly polarized light is used for the alkali metal atom in polarized atom gas chamber (3)；
The detection light path devices (2) are inclined including second laser (2.1), the second beam-expanding collimation device (2.2) and First Line
Shake piece (2.3), and the second laser (2.1) detects light for exporting, and the second beam-expanding collimation device (2.2) is for by institute
The detection light for stating second laser (2.1) output carries out beam-expanding collimation processing, and first linear polarizer (2.3) passes through for improving
Cross the second beam-expanding collimation device (2.2) beam-expanding collimation treated the linear polarization degree of detection light, the detection of high linear polarization degree
After light interacts with alkali metal atom in atomic air chamber (3), plane of polarization can be by alkali metal atom in detection light propagation side
The modulation of upward spin polarization；
The three-dimensional Helmholtz coil (4) is for generation magnetostatic field and rotating excitation field at the atomic air chamber (3)；
The plane of polarization detection device (5) detects the variation in light polarization face for detecting；
The signal processing system (6) at the same with the three-dimensional Helmholtz coil (4) and the plane of polarization detection device (5) company
Connect, for acquire detection light polarization face change information that the plane of polarization detection device (5) detected and adjusting be input to it is described
Electric current in three-dimensional Helmholtz coil (4) is to control the magnetostatic field and rotating excitation field that it generates.
2. the lateral spin relaxation time measuring device of alkali metal atom according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
First laser device (1.1) is DFB semiconductor laser, can be adjusted to alkali metal atom D1 line transition resonant frequencies, and output is taken out
Transport light；The second laser (2.1) is DFB semiconductor laser, can be adjusted to alkali metal atom D2 lines transition resonance frequency
Rate, output detection light.
3. the lateral spin relaxation time measuring device of alkali metal atom according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
First beam-expanding collimation device (1.2) and the second beam-expanding collimation device (2.2) include being arranged in series along paths direction
Two groups of convex lenses (T).
4. the lateral spin relaxation time measuring device of alkali metal atom according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
Circularly polarized light conversion equipment (1.3) including the second linear polarizer (1.31) being arranged in series along paths direction and λ/4 slides
(1.32)。
5. the lateral spin relaxation time measuring device of alkali metal atom according to any one of claims 1-4, special
Sign is：The three-dimensional Helmholtz coil (4) is by copper wire winding.
6. the lateral spin relaxation time measuring device of alkali metal atom according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：It is described
Plane of polarization detection device (5) including be arranged in series along paths direction the slide (5.1) of λ/2, this special prism (5.2) of Walla and
Balanced detector (5.3), the slide (5.1) of the λ/2 is for adjusting the plane of polarization of the detection light by the atomic air chamber (3)
Direction, this special prism (5.2) of the Walla for linearly polarized light to be divided into the two-beam along axially different polarization, visit by the balance
It surveys device (5.3) and reflects the signal for detecting the variation of light polarization face for carrying out differential amplification to the light intensity of two-beam to export.
7. the lateral spin relaxation time measuring device of alkali metal atom according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：It is described
Signal processing system (6) includes data collecting card and computer, the data collecting card simultaneously with three-dimensional Helmholtz's line
Circle (4), balanced detector (5.3) are connected with the computer.
8. the lateral spin relaxation time measuring device of alkali metal atom according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：It is described
Pumping light is propagated along the z-axis direction；The detection light is propagated along the x-axis direction, for detecting in the hyperfine energy of ground state F=I+1/2
The spin polarization P of the alkali metal atom of grade in the direction of the x axis+xOr the alkali metal atom in the hyperfine energy levels of ground state F=I-1/2
Spin polarization P in the direction of the x axis-x, wherein：F represents the quantum number of the total angular momentum of alkali metal atom, and I represents that alkali metal is former
The quantum number of the nuclear spin of son；Linearly polarized light is divided into the two-beam along y-axis and z-axis polarization by this special prism (5.2) of the Walla；
Signal processing system (6) the driving three-dimensional Helmholtz coil (4) generates rotating excitation field and the magnetostatic field in z-axis direction, rotation
Magnetic field is the magnetic field for being rotated or being rotated clockwise counterclockwise relative to magnetostatic field.
9. a kind of measuring method of the lateral spin relaxation time of alkali metal atom, it is characterised in that：Include the following steps：
Step 1: the three-dimensional Helmholtz coil (4) of signal processing system (6) driving generates the magnetostatic field in z-axis directionIt opens
First laser device (1.1) is adjusted to alkali metal atom D1 line transition resonant frequencies, exports pumping light, pumping light is along z-axis
The pumping paths in direction successively pass through the first beam-expanding collimation device (1.2) and circularly polarized light conversion equipment successively
(1.3) processing obtains circularly polarized light, and circularly polarized light starts the alkali metal atom in polarized atom gas chamber (3)；Meanwhile open second
Laser (2.1) is adjusted to alkali metal atom D2 line transition resonant frequencies, and output detection light, detection light is along the x-axis direction
Detection paths, successively by the second beam-expanding collimation device (2.2) and the first linear polarizer (2.3) processing obtain high line
The detection light of degree of polarization, detection light interact with alkali metal atom in atomic air chamber (3), detect P+xOr P-x；
Step 2: applying rotating excitation field, specifically include application and rotate clockwise magnetic field and apply rotating excitation field counterclockwise, specifically
It is：
Application rotates clockwise magnetic field process：The three-dimensional Helmholtz coil (4) of signal processing system (6) driving is generated relative to quiet
Magnetic fieldThe magnetic field rotated clockwiseWherein：BcExpression rotates clockwise magnetic
；B0Represent the intensity of magnetostatic field, and B0＞ 0；B1Represent the intensity of rotating field；WithX-axis, y-axis and z-axis are represented respectively
Unit vector on direction；γ-The gyromagnetic ratio of alkali metal atom of the expression in the hyperfine energy levels of ground state F=I-1/2, and γ-
＞ 0；After 5-10 seconds, remove and rotate clockwise magnetic field Bc, signal processing system (6) detection balance amplifier (5.3) export from
By the P to decay-xSignal；
Apply rotating excitation field process counterclockwise：The three-dimensional Helmholtz coil (4) of signal processing system (6) driving is generated relative to quiet
Magnetic fieldThe magnetic field rotated counterclockwiseWherein：BccRepresent rotary magnetic counterclockwise
；γ+Represent the gyromagnetic ratio of the alkali metal atom in the hyperfine energy levels of ground state F=I+1/2, and γ+＜ 0；After 5-10 seconds, remove
Except rotating excitation field B counterclockwisecc, the free damped P of signal processing system (6) detection balance amplifier (5.3) output+xSignal；
Step 3: the free damped P detected with exponential function fitting+xSignal obtains hyperfine in ground state F=I+1/2
The lateral spin relaxation time T of the alkali metal atom of energy level2+；The free damped P detected with exponential function fitting-xSignal,
Obtain the lateral spin relaxation time T of the alkali metal atom in the hyperfine energy levels of ground state F=I-1/22-。
10. the measuring method of the lateral spin relaxation time of alkali metal atom according to claim 9, it is characterised in that：
Exponential function in the step 3 is specifically：Represent functions of the unknown quantity y about unknown quantity x, wherein：A and T2
For parameter to be fitted, T2Fitting result as T2+Or T2-。
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